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Chapter 3 - Architectural Design 5 Research Paper

BS Architecture (Batangas State University)

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, DATA PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION

AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Research Paradigm

This is a step-by-step approach conducted by the researcher for the project

proposal. The pragmatic organization of the research study will result in a basis of

facts and ideas throughout the design process.

 Data Gathering
 Site Selection
 Related Studies
 Project requirement and
INPUT specification

 Information and Data

Analysis
 Evaluation of Goals and
THROUGHPUT Objectives
 Synchronizing Data
 Site Analysis

 Architectural Planning and

OUTPUT 
Design Solution
Planning and Design
Development
 Conclusion of the study
recommendation

Figure 5.0 Research Paradigm

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Research Generation

The researcher was able to collect information through different people and

agencies concerning the profile and space requirements of the project. An actual

inspection of the site was conducted to study the location’s suitability to the project,

see the physical condition, and understand what is needed for the proposed

tourism development plan. The researcher also conducted an interview with the

people near the site to gain some information about the site. The researcher also

gathered some essential information through:

Internet

The internet helps a lot in giving the researcher additional data about the

project. The use of the internet which is one of the most innovative and modern

ways of searching has been a great help to the researcher to find especially the

related literature and case study for the proposed project. The researcher visited

numerous websites which are related to the development of the proposed Retreat

and Recreational Center.

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METHOD RESEARCH SOURCES DATA AND INFORMATION

General Information and

Thesis Books supporting details related to
the project
Information about Silang,
Cavite
Comprehensive Land Use
Program (2013-2022)
 Socio Economic
Profile
 Physical Profile
 Map of Silang
 Municipal Base Map
 Contour Map
 Slope Map
 Elevation Map
 Geology Map
Silang, Cavite’s Official Site
INTERNET  Land Cover Map
 Drainage Map
 River Sub-Basin Map
 Soil Map
 Ground Water
Potential Map
 Landslide Hazard
Map
 Land Use Map
 Concept/Structure
Plan Map
 Zoning Map
 Topographic Map
Design Space Standards,
information about the said
Google / Websites
proposal. Related Literature
and Laws and Guidelines
Table 1.0 Specific Data Resources

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3.1.2 Data Sources

Primary Data/Resources

This data analysis of research design is reliable enough to have valid tools

that lead to valid outcomes and to realize the objective for this study and to answer

research question because it is one of the effective approaches and is commonly

used tool in verifying research findings and evidences for its process. The study

will help in giving ample implication for further research that relates to hotel

development. The research requires an organized data gathering in order to

pinpoint theories included in the research, the methodology of the research, and

the instrument of data interpretation. The study analysis design incorporates a

direct respondent observation as it is possible that the study would be inexpensive

and time-efficient as the chosen method gathers information about the existing site

condition and in employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation,

as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the reasons and causes for the

arising issues involved and being investigated by the researcher within a specific

structure and context.

The study will employ a matter of qualitative and quantitative research

design the study intends to find substantial real evidence in the process as

specialist groups can easily adopt as these designs may have standards measure

needed to be executed in accomplishing the task for conducting researchers as

needed for the completion of the research.

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Criteria for Empirical Research

RELIABILITY: preferably, outcomes are assessed with relatively little

measurement error. Unreliability increases unexplained variation within groups

and reduces the power of analysis.

VALIDITY: in selecting a relevant measure for an outcome, it is critical that logical

inferences can be made for the operations upon which the measure was based to

the theoretical constructs relevant to the study.

RANDOMIZATION: subjects should be randomly selected from the

correspondents and then randomly assigned to interviewing.

3.2. Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis

The researcher itemized the process and method of data gathering into

different design categories and considerations for proper analysis of the proposed

project.

 Considering the proper and best location of the city for the said proposal.

Identifying and rating the three-selected site through the use of different site

criteria; the researcher came up with the site selection process.

 The proper location of the site. Considering its pros and cons for the

proposed project is necessary for the proper planning and designing of the

proposal.

 Through interviews and observation of the present educational, economic

and social situation of the site, the probability density of users and their

requirements are very important for the researcher in visualizing the idea

and the effect of the concept in a particular user.

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 Proper allocation of the said space requirement through the use of

architectural programming and space analysis will help the proponent in

understanding the related spaces that will result in good flow of traffic within

and outside the building.

 Information about design consideration strategies of learning complex and

other related information about the proposal is also necessary.

With all the related information and the process of analyzing the proponent

identifies the consideration in planning and designing the proposed project. As the

synthesis, the daily transaction regarding the use of the project proposal and the

consideration of natural elements and resources will greatly affect planning

preparation.

3.2.1 Site Selection

Site selection involves measuring the needs of a new project against the

merits of potential locations. It is the method of selecting the most appropriate and

suitable site that has the capability, ability, and potential to stand out for the project

proposal. The program must prime accurately for the progress and development

of the most productive site for the project. The program development objectives

are based on the factors including the construction of the site, requirements, size

of the buildings, the material used, and facilities needed for the total development

of the scheme.

3.2.1.1 Site Criteria

These are the general and specific site criteria that will aid the researcher

in selecting the most suitable site for the project proposal.

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General Criteria:

1. Accessibility – The site is accessible to private and public

transportation.

2. Availability – This term deals with the presence of important

utilities such as water supply, power, and community lines,

telephones, and drainage.

3. Flexibility – It is described with sufficient space and can adapt

changes for future expansion.

4. Geographical Location – It is the point of view in the area.

5. Good Surroundings – It refers to the attractiveness of the

destination’s surroundings.

6. Proximity – It is the site’s relationship to the users.

7. Social Aspect – It refers to social advantages of the location; the

existing lifestyle of the people; literacy condition of the people;

people that will benefit the project and its users

8. Topography – It refers to land characteristics of the site.

9. Visibility – It pertains to having a clear view and ability to be seen

easily; place must be well-known to the public especially to the

tourists.

10. Safety and Zoning – It is the existence of fire protection and

security posts in the locality. It also refers to the peace and order

situation of the location and to the presence of fire and health

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hazard and geological condition (earthquake, tsunami, typhoon

and etc.)

System of Evaluation and Rating

POTENTIAL SITE
SITE CRITERIA
Site A Site B Site C

Accessibility 5 5 5

Availability 5 5 5

Flexibility 5 4.5 3

Geographical 5
4 4
Location

Good 5
5 5
Surroundings

Proximity 5 5 4

Social Aspect 5 5 5

Topography 4 5 4

Visibility 5 4 5

Zoning 4 4 5

Total 47 46.5 46

5 - Excellent 4 – Very Good 3 – Good 2 – Poor 1 – Very

Poor
Table 2.0 System of Evaluation and Rating

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3.2.1.3 Site Justification

The system of evaluation rating is one of the processes which are used to

know which site is fitted for the construction of the proposed project. Through this,

the researcher can choose from which among the three (3) sites is fitted for the

project.

Figure 6. Site A Barangay Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite Site Location

Source: https://earth.google.com/web/

The site is situated in Brgy. Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite. It is the nearest

site in the community of Brgy. Carmen. The site is flexible for future development

and expansions. One of its advantages is the Cavite-Laguna Expressway that can

attract tourists and by-passers once developed. The site is suitable for the proposal

Marahuyo Mall because of its nature, natural open areas to recreational and

solemn ambiance. The site has an area of 11.44 hectares. The site is also open

for natural preservation and development. The expansion of the site is possible

and open for new development.

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Figure 7. Site B Brgy. Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite Site Location

The site is located in Brgy. Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite. It has a lot

dimension of 14.94ha. The future development around this site is possible that is

needed and suitable for the project. The site’s irregular shape affects the flexibility

of the site’s future expansion. There are available road network in the site but the

site is less visible from the main road near the site.

Figure 8. Site C Brgy. Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite Site Location

The site is located in Brgy. Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite near Cavite-

Laguna Expressway. It has a lot dimension of 6.67ha. This site is not that flexible

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for future development in the area because it is surrounded by road networks that

will limit the project’s future expansion. In the other hand the site can use those

road networks to be more accessible and more visible to the public.

3.2.2 Site Data

3.2.2.1 Macro Site

Figure 9 Map of the Philippines

Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=map%20of%20the%20philippines&tb

m=isch&tbs=isz:l&rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH871PH871&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CAEQpw

VqFwoTCPjm-

u2ZjuwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC&biw=1349&bih=695#imgrc=XO7Ucelcmwn7yM

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The Philippines officially known as the Republic of the Philippines is a

sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean.

It consists of 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main

geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.

With a population of about 100 million people, the Philippines is the seventh-most

populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. An

additional 12 million Filipinos live overseas, comprising one of the world's largest

diasporas.

Figure 10 Map of CALABARZON

Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=calabarzon%20map&tbm=isch

&tbs=isz:l&rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH871PH871&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CAEQpwVqFwo

TCJjmqqSbjuwCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC&biw=770&bih=445#imgrc=kyt01egyLT

kj9M&imgdii=O_dQue68rgcq9M

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CALABARZON is composed of the provinces of Calamba, Laguna,

Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon; the acronym is derived from the first two letters of

every province that composes it. The region is in southwestern Luzon, just south

and east of Metro Manila, and is the second most densely populated region.

CALABARZON and MIMAROPA were previously combined together as Southern

Tagalog until they were separated in 2002.

The region is located in southwestern Luzon, just south and east of Metro

Manila, and is the second most densely populated region. CALABARZON and

MIMAROPA were previously combined together as Southern Tagalog until they

were separated in 2002 by virtue of Executive Order No. 103. Executive Order No.

246, dated October 28, 2003, designated Calamba City as the regional center of

CALABARZON. The largest city of the CALABARZON Region and the second

highly urbanized city is Antipolo City, with Lucena City being the first.

CALABARZON is the most populated region in the Philippines, with a population

of 12,609,803 inhabitants. It is estimated that around 5.8 million Tagalogs live in

Region IV-A. Taal, in particular, is considered the "Heartland of Tagalog Culture"

and is currently the present "center" of Tagalog culture and people. Calabarzon is

also home to a sizable amount of people with Chinese and Spanish ancestry on

account of Chinese immigration and Spanish colonialization, respectively.

Because of this large majority of Tagalog natives, the majority of people living in

Calabarzon also speak the Tagalog language. Filipino, being a version of Tagalog,

is also predominant in the region. English is also commonly spoken throughout

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Calabarzon and is the 60 language of business and education. In Cavite,

Chavacano, the Creole language is also commonly spoken.

Executive Order No. 246, dated October 28, 2003, designated Calamba

City as the regional center of CALABARZON. The largest city in CALABARZON

Region and the second highly urbanized city in Antipolo City. Lucena City is the

first highly urbanized city in this region.

CALABARZON is the most populated region in the Philippines, with a

population of 12, 609, 803 inhabitants.

POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION POPULATION

Census 1990- Census 2000- Census 2010- Census 2015-
05-01 05-01 05-01 05-01

CALABARZON 6,349,452 9,320,629 12,609,803 14,414,774

Batangas 1,476,783 1,905,348 2,377,395 2,694,335

Cavite 1,152,534 2,063,161 3,090,691 3,678,301

Laguna 1,370,232 1,965,872 2,669,847 3,035,081

Quezon 1,372,455 1,679,030 1,987,030 2,122,830

Rizal 977,448 1,707,218 2,484,840 2,884,227

National Statistics Office of the Philippines (web), National

Source:
Statistical Coordination Board (web)
Table 3.0 CALABARZON Population

TOPOGRAPHY AND SLOPE

CALABARZON has varied land forms, consisting of flat coastal areas,

upland interior areas of slightly moderate rolling or undulating plains and hills, and

mountains. Almost sixty percent of the region’s land area has a slope ranging from

0-18. Slope distribution by province is presented below.

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Gently Very
Moderat Strongly Steep

Province
Level to sloping steep
e ly sloping to hills and

Total
nearly to hills and
sloping moderate mountai
level (0- undulati mountai
to rolling l y steep n s (30-
3%) n g (3- ns
(8-18%) (18-30%) 50%)
8%) (>50%)

1,622,861
248,35
Region

189,330 531,583 47,658 215,538 390,396

6

316,581
Batangas

25,253 54,624 118,490 12,810 17,750 87,654

128,755
Cavite

26,603 30,438 40,330 7,644 6,154 17,586

175,973
Laguna

47,194 24,460 50,487 10,558 18,658 24,616

870,660
Quezon

141,97
73,360 289,044 16,314 139,026 210,940
6

7,330 6,448 33,232 332 33,950 49,600 130,892

Rizal
Land Area
% to Total

100%

15% 12% 33% 3% 13% 24%

Source: NEDA-CALABARZON, Regional Physical Framework Plan

Table 4.0. Population & Population Growth Rate in CALABARZON

(2000 -2007)

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Batangas’ lands are mostly elevated; rolling hills, small low flatlands with

scattered mountainous areas. Cavite province is characterized by rolling

hinterlands punctuated by hills, with shoreland fronting Manila Bay at sea level,

and rugged portion at the boundary of Batangas where Dos Picos Mountains are

located.

Situated at the southern end of the province of Rizal, Laguna is considered

as an inland province, as most of its northwestern portion is along Laguna de Bay.

It is characterized by rugged terrain, from level to steep slope. The province of

Quezon, on the other hand has a rugged terrain with few plains, valleys, and

swamps. The undulating lowlands along the coast are well-drained. The province

is very narrow, with an average width of about 30 kilometers.

DEMOGRAPHY AND ECONOMIC PROFILE

Based on the 2007 Census of Population, CALABARZON now has 11.7

million residents, the largest in the country. It is the second-most densely

populated region with 709 people per square kilometer. Among the five provinces,

Cavite has the biggest population, followed by Rizal province. In terms of

population growth rate, the region has 3.25% from the period of 2000-2007. The

province of Batangas has an average population growth rate of 2.29%, Cavite with

4.59%, Laguna with 3.22%, Quezon has an average of 2.03%, and Rizal with

4.19%. As projected by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB), it is

expected that by the year 2025, the population within Region IV-A will increase up

to 16 million.

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POPULATION GROWTH
PROVINCE LAND AREA POPULATION
RATE

CALABARZON 1,622,861 14,414,774 2.90

Batangas 128,755 3,678,301 3.86

Cavite 175,973 3,035,081 2.89

Laguna 316,581 2,694,335 2.30

Quezon 130,892 2,298,691 3.50

Rizal 870,660 2,122,830 1.75

Source: NSO CY 2007 Census of Population

Table 4.1 Population & Population Growth Rate in CALABARZON

(2000- 2007)

Per 2009 Gross Regional Domestic Product, CALABARZON’s economy

suffered a reversal of 1.6% in the Year 2009 from a 1.9% growth in theYear 2008

to the Industry and Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry (AFF) sectors laid-out

negative growth rates while services decelerated. The largest share of the region’s

economy in 2009 was from the Service sector with 42.9%, even higher than its

share of 41.5% the previous year. The share of the Industry sector, on the other

hand, was 38.3%, lower than its previous share of 39.7 percent. The AFF’s share

of 18.8% was a slight increase of its 18.7% share the previous year.

CLIMATE

Intense variability in climate is currently being experienced all over the

country. As general information, Region IV-A has all the four (4) types of climate:

 Type I-with two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet

during the rest of the year;

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 Type II-no dry season with a very pronounced rainfall from November to

April and wet during the rest of the year;

 Type III-seasons are not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to

April and wet during the rest of the year; and

 Type IV-rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.

The province of Cavite has two (2) distinct seasons: wet from May to

November and dry from December to April. Laguna is relatively dry from November

to April and wets during the rest of the year, specifically in the small portion near

the southern boundary. The eastern and southern portions of Laguna province

have no distinct season but with evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year.

Figure 11 Climatic Map of CALABARZON

Source: https://citypopulation.de/php/Philippines-admin.php?adm1id=04Tourism

Due to the region's history and natural resources, tourism plays a major role

in the regional economy. Cavite and Laguna are homes to various historical sites,

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such as the Rizal Shrine in Calamba City, the tallest Jose Rizal Statue in the World,

located in Calamba City, and the Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite. San Pablo,

Laguna is famous for its seven lakes, Pagsanjan for its majestic and world-famous

waterfalls and Taal Lake in Batangas is a famous tourist destination. Tayabas City

is known as the City of Festivals, Rest and Recreation Destination of Quezon, and

the Home of the Finest Lambanog. Minor Basilica of Saint Michael Archangel is

the religious testaments of the Tayabenses and declared as National Cultural

Treasures of the Philippines, the Casa Comunidad de Tayabas, the former office

of the former President Manuel Luis Quezon, and the place where Hermano Pule

was sentenced to death and the Malagonlong Bridge and the 9 other century-old

Spanish arch type and National Cultural Treasure bridges.

Their famous festivals which draw a lot of crowds since it was started like

the Taytsinoy Festival, Mayohan Festival, Pa’yas Festival Hagisan Festival,

Baliskog Festival, Angel Festival, Aguyod Festival, and the Turumba Festival every

Holy Week which made Tayabas the City of Festivals and their delectable cuisines

like Budin, Yema Cake, and Lambanog. Lucban is famous for the Kamay ni Hesus

Shrine, a 50- foot statue of the Ascending Christ on top of a hill. Batangas is also

famous for its scenic beaches in Nasugbu and Calatagan. Antipolo is another

major tourist spot, found in Rizal. CALABARZON is also home to a multitude of

baroque churches made during the Spanish Era.

The region is also home to a lot of mountains, such as Mount Makiling in

Laguna, Mount Banahaw in Quezon, and Mount Macolod in Batangas. Makiling

and Banahaw are especially popular with tourists and mountain climbers. There is

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a legend surrounding Mt. Makiling regarding Maria Makiling, the mountain's so-

called guardian fairy, while Mt. Banahaw is considered a Holy mountain, with

pilgrims making the hike every Holy Week.

Figure 12. Map of Province of Cavite

Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=map%20of%20province%20of%20ca

vite&tbm=isch&tbs=isz:l&rlz=1C1SQJL_enPH871PH871&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CA

EQpwVqFwoTCJjZ88PGl-

wCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAC&biw=894&bih=648#imgrc=MyfZZUVoQqTsjM&imgdii

=yVEcipEAOzx-5M

Cavite is a province in the Philippines located on the southern shores of

Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region on Luzon island. Situated 21 kilometers

(13 mi) southwest of Metro Manila, it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-

growing provinces in the Philippines. Its population of 3,678,301 (2015) makes it

one of the most populated provinces in the country.

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For over 300 years, the province played an important role in both the

country's colonial past and eventual fight for independence, earning it the title

"Historical Capital of the Philippines". It became the cradle of the Philippine

Revolution, which led to the renouncement of Spanish colonial control, finally

culminating in the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, in

Kawit, Cavite. The old provincial capital, Cavite City also hosted docks for the

Manila galleon, becoming an essential part of the commerce between Asia and

Latin America.

Cavite is surrounded by Laguna province to the east, Metro Manila to the

northeast, and Batangas province to the south. To the west lies the West Philippine

Sea. It is located within the Greater Manila Area, not to be confused with adjacent

Metro Manila, the defined capital region.

Cavite is the second smallest province (with the Province of Rizal being the

smallest) in the CALABARZON region. Cavite occupies a land area of 1,427.06

square kilometers (550.99 sq mi) which is approximately 8.72 percent of

CALABARZON’s total land area, 2.74 percent of the regional area, and 0.48 per

cent of the total land area of the Philippines. The municipalities of Maragondon

and Silang have the biggest land areas, comprising 165.49 square kilometers

(63.90 sq mi) and 156.41 square kilometers (60.39 sq mi) respectively, while the

municipality of Noveleta has the smallest land area as indicated by 5.41 square

kilometers (2.09 sq mi) or 0.38 percent of the provincial total and area.

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Figure 13. Map of Silang

Source: Municipal Development and Planning Office

The Municipality of Silang is approximately 45 kilometers south of Manila.

General Trias, Dasmariñas, and General Mariano Alvarez (GMA) bound it on the

south and on the west by Amadeo. Silang is noted for its relatively cool and

invigorating climate.

Silang is a landlocked municipality in the coastal province of Cavite. The

municipality has a land area of 209.43 square kilometers or 80.86 square miles

which constitutes 13.30% of Cavite's total area. Its population as determined by

the 2015 Census was 248,085. This represented 6.74% of the total population of

Cavite province or 1.72% of the overall population of the CALABARZON region.

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Based on these figures, the population density is computed at 1,185 inhabitants

per square kilometer or 3,068 inhabitants per square mile.

Silang, like most of the towns in the province of Cavite, depends on a mainly

agricultural economy. The primary crops grown in the area are coconut, coffee,

corn, banana, pineapple, and tree crops like mango, lansones, caimito, santol,

jackfruit, guava, and avocado. Fertile soils and abundant water sources make

Silang suitable not only for common commercial crops but also for high value and

exotic crops production. Most of the local farmers practice intercropping to

increase land productivity and lessen soil erosion. Fruit production exceeds the

demand of the municipality’s population, thus, supply excesses are marketed to

Metro Manila and neighboring urban centers. A number of poultry and swine farms

are also located in some rural barangays. Manufacturing and trade, aside from

agriculture are Silang’s other major sources of income. Trade and investments

grew tremendously with the influx of both Manila-based and foreign investors. Total

investments were estimated at P2.5 billion between 1996 and 2004, which helped

bring about the employment of 3,000 people. Despite the slow progress in the year

2004, Land Value still soared, allowing investors to infiltrate and start a business.

The investment trend resulted in an increase in the price of prime realty from

P3,000 to P15,000 per square meter and from P150 to P500 per square meter for

raw lots in interior barangays. Trade establishments in Silang include gasoline

stations, convenience stores, lumber/hardware traders, groceries, resorts, and

hotels.

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Figure 14. Cavite-Laguna (CALA) Expressway Project

Source: http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/PPP/projs/cala.html

Soon Cavite will be accessible through the Cavite-Laguna expressway. This

road will be a six-lane expressway that will start from R-1 Extension in Kawit

passing through the municipalities of Imus and Gen. Trias traversing Governor’s

Drive to the municipality of Silang connecting Cavite to Laguna province.

TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

1. Geography and Location

The municipality of Silang, Cavite is geographically located at 120°58’

North latitude and 14°13’ East longitude. It is about 44 kilometers from Manila and

20 kilometers from Trece Martires City and the Municipality of Imus. It is bounded

on the north by the Municipalities of General Trias, Dasmariñas, General Mariano

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Alvarez, and Carmona; on the west by Amadeo and General Trias; Carmona and

the province of Laguna on the east; and the City of Tagaytay on the south.

Silang has a total land area of 15,641.00 hectares with 64 barangays.

According to the 2010 NSO data, 18 barangays are classified as urban while the

remaining 46 barangays are classified as rural.

AREA AREA AREA

BARANGAY BARANGAY BARANGAY
(HA) (HA) (HA)

Acacia 23.8 Cabangaan 577.23 Narra I 3.83

Adlas 266.36 Carmen 265.11 Narra II 6.01
Anahaw I 8.96 Hoyo 274.17 Narra II 5.51
Anahaw II 6.3 Hukay 365.42 Paligawan 172.17
Pulong
Balite I 238.64 Iba 341.5 140.04
Saging
Putting
Balite II 256.91 Inchican 578.03 525.66
Kahoy
Balubad 422.99 Ipil I 7.02 Sabutan 427.98
Banaba 12.99 Ipil II 7.68 San Miguel I 9.86
Barangay I 10.08 Litlit 781.25 San Miguel II 194.03
San Vicente
Barangay II 9.44 Lucsihin 405.87 12.99
I
San Vicente
Barangay III 3.68 Lumil 207 91.35
II
Barangay IV 17.93 Maguyam 661.34 Santol 138.87
Biluso 592.15 Malabag 202.79 Tartaria 438.64
Malaking
Bucal 218.57 251.79 Tibig 609.1
Tatiao
Mataas Na
Buho 71.35 125.82 Toledo 163.41
Burol
Bulihan 87.58 Munting Ilog 487.3 Tubuan I 76.32
Table 5.0 Land Area Distribution by Barangay

Source: CLUP2001

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2. Geology and Geomorphology

Geologically, Silang is volcanic consisting of volcanic mountains and

agglomerate volcanic hills. The geologic materials are relatively young (Pliocene

to Quarternary) that is typically characterized by volcanic plain or volcanic

piedmont deposits (Aurelio and Peña, 2004). Chiefly pyroclastic and/or volcanic

debris at foot of volcanoes can be found. It is also associated with pyroclastic north

and east of Laguna de Bay, Luzon.

High to low agglomerate volcanic hills can be found in the southernmost

Barangays of Buho, Malabag, Bucal and portions of Ulat and Pasong Langka along

the boundaries of Maguyam, Kaong, Tibig, Inchican, Carmen, Munting Ilog, Hukay,

Puting Kahoy, Hoyo, Tartaria, Pooc, and Cabangaan consist while the remaining

barangays located in the western central and southern areas are typically

undulating volcanic hills.

Figure 15. Geologic Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

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 Major Land forms

The municipality is characterized by two major landforms: uplands and

lowlands. The upland covers 53.64 ha (0.34%) of forests, located in the Barangays

Bucal, Buho, Cabangaan, Malabag, Pasong Langka, and Ulat. The upland forest

covers 443.79 ha (2.79%) in Barangay Cabangaan. Around 97% of the total land

area (15,435.74 ha) is classified as alienable and disposal (A &D) lands.

Land Classification Area (ha) Percent (%)

Alienable and Disposable
Lands S`15,435.74 96.88
(A&D)
Upland Forests 53.64 0.34
Forest lands 443.95 2.79
TOTAL 15,933.33 100

Table 6.0 Land Classification Distribution

Source: DENR

 Land Cover

Using the land cover classification of the Forest Management Bureau (FMB)

of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the

municipality has three land cover types. The majority of the municipality is

classified as other lands mainly annual and perennial crops such as pineapple,

coconut, banana, coffee, and vegetables. The large and small patches also

represent other lands which are built-up areas such as settlements including

institutions, industries, and subdivisions. Located in Barangay Cabangaan is the

remaining forest in Silang, Cavite, classified as open forest, mixed. This is

characterized by discontinuous tree layer formation with coverage of at least 10%

and less than 40%.

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Figure 16. Land Cover Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

3. Soil

 Soil Types

Magallanes and Tagaytay are the three major soil series in the

Municipality of Silang. About 65% (10,148 ha) of the land in Silang is occupied by

the Tagaytay series.

Soil Type Land Area(ha)

Tagaytay sandy loam 886.845

Tagaytay loam 9,261.04
Carmona clay loam 1,423.33
Magallanes clay loam 3,362.82
Magallanes loam 706.973
TOTAL 15,641.00
Table 7.0 Soil Type

Source: BSWM

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Figure 17. Soil Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

4. Hydro-geologic Features

A. Ground Water Potential

Silang being a recharge zone for ground water plays a critical role in the

production of water not only for the municipality but also for the adjacent and

downstream municipalities/cities in Laguna. Majority of the areas in Silang is

classified as having local and productive aquifers leaving only small portions of

Barangay Inchican and Barangay Carmen with fairly extensive and productive

portions of Ulat, Mataas Na Burol, Lalaan II and Santol are classified as without

aquifers. However, some barangays such as Buho, Malabag, Bucal, Toledo,

significant and/or limited pumpable water.

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Figure 18. Ground Water Potential Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

 Surface Drainage

There are about 17 major river systems in the municipality of Silang.

The most notable of these river systems are Malaking Ilog traversing Barangays

Pooc, Balite I, Iba, Sabutan and Kaong; Tibagan the longest reported river

(14.5km) crossing Barangays Bucal, Malabag, Balite II, Tubuan, Poblacion and

Sabutan; Munting Ilog cutting across Barangays Pulong Bunga, Pooc, Munting Ilog

and Kaong; Lucsuhin River in Barangays Litlit, Lucsuhin, Batas, Biluso and Adlas;

Halang and Maria River in Balubad; and Balubad River in Puting Kahoy. (CLUP

2002).

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Figure 19. Surface Drainage Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

 River Sub-Basins

The Municipality of Silang serves as the headwaters of seven (7) river sub-

basins namely: Biñan, Cañas, Ilang-ilang, Imus, San Cristobal, San Pedro, and

Sta. Rosa. This makes the municipality a critical recharge area for groundwater

that is utilized by several municipalities in the province of Laguna, e.g., Sta. Rosa.

Each river sub-basins are traversed by either one or more river systems.

Munting Ilog and Alkalde River drain to the Biñan sub-basin occupying a large

portion of the lower Barangays of Ipil II and Yakal and portions of Maguyam,

Kaong, Ipil I, Anahaw II, and Tibig.

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Ilang-ilang sub-basin that is traversed by Batas River covers Barangays

Biluso, Adlas, San Miguel I and II, San Vicente I, Lucsuhin, Barangay 4 and

Tubuan II, portions of Batas, Biga I and II, San Vicente II, Lalaan I and II, Santol,

Buho, Balubad, Barangays 1, 3 and 5, Kalubkob, Lucsuhin, Sabutan, Santol,

Tubuan I, II and III.

On the other hand, the Imus sub-basin that is traversed by Ilog Maria covers

Barangay 2 and portions of Balite I and II, Barangays 1, 3, 4, and 5, Biga I & II,

Buho, Iba, Lalaan I and II, Lucsuhin, Malabag, Mataas Na Burol, Sabutan, San

Vicente I, Toledo, Tubuan I and II.

Dissecting the central part of Silang is the San Pedro River sub-basin

traversed by Malaking Ilog. This sub-basin covers a number of Barangays such as

Narra I, II and III, Banaba and Acacia, and portions of Anahaw I and II, Balite I and

II, Bucal, Bulihan, Iba, Ipil I, Kaong, Maguyam, Malabag, Malaking Tatiao, Mataas

Na Burol, Paligawan, Pulong Saging, Sabutan, Toledo. The Sta. Rosa River sub-

basin with Lumbia and Semeca river systems covers the whole Barangay of

Carmen, Hukay, and Inchican; and portions of Hoyo, Munting Ilog, Pooc I and II,

Pulong Bunga, Puting Kahoy, Tartaria, Tibig, Ulat.

Located on the eastern part of the Municipality of Silang is the San Cristobal

River sub-basin traversed by two river systems: Pasong Langka, and Puting Kahoy

River. This covers Barangay Cabangaan, Lumil, and Pasong Langka; and portions

of Pooc I, Pulong Bunga, Puting Kahoy, Tartaria, Ulat, and Hoyo.

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Figure 20. River Sub-Basin Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

5. Topography, Elevation and Slope

Majority of the municipality can be classified as having gently sloping lands

with three to 8% slopes. However, some parts of Barangays Bucal, Cabangaan,

Carmen, Hukay, Inchican, Kaong, Maguyam, Malabag, Munting Ilog, Pasong

Langka, Pooc II, Tibig, Toledo, Ulat are classified as having rolling to moderately

steep with slopes ranging from 18 to 30%. On the other hand, Barangays

Cabangaan, Lumil and Pasong Langka can be found on steep slopes (50%).

However, certain parts of several barangays of Silang can be classified as having

steep slopes (50%) mainly due to its location or proximity to ravine river systems

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Figure 21. Topographic Relief Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

A. Slope

Based on the NAMRIA topographic maps, the highest point in the

municipality can be found in Barangay Bucal with an elevation of about 520 meters

above sea level (masl) while the lowest point can be located in barangays Inchican

and Carmen with an elevation of about 120 masl.

Figure 22. Slope Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

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Slope
Description Barangay
Class

Acasia,AnahawI&II, Banaba,BigaI&II,
Bulihan,Ipil I&II, Kaong,
0-3 Level to nearly level
Maguyam,NarraI,
II&III,Sabutan, Yakal

Adlas, Balite I &II, Balubad, Barangay 1,

2, 3, 4, & 5, Batas, BigaI, Biluso, Bucal,
Cabangaan, Carmen, Hoyo, Hukay, Iba,
Inchican, Kalubkob, Lalaan I&II, Litlit,
Gently sloping to Luksuhin, Lumil, Malaking Tatiao,Mataas
3-8
undulating naburol, Munting Ilog, Paligawan, Pulong
Saging, Puting Kahoy, Sabutan, San
Miguel I&II, San VicenteI&II, Santol,
Tartaria, Tibig, Toledo, Tubuan I, II, & III,
Ulat

8-18 Undulating trolling Bucal, Buho, Lalaan II, Malabag, Toledo

Table 8.0 Slope Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

6. Climatological Condition

 General Climatic Characteristics

The Municipality of Silang is classified as having Climate Type I based on

the Modified Corona classification system. This is typically characterized by two

pronounced seasons, dry from November to April; and wet during the rest of the

year.

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Based on the rainfall data from Tagaytay Agro-Meteorological Station from

1996 to 2010, the duration of the dry season has actually shortened by two months.

The dry season now starts from January to April. This means that in terms of

rainfall distribution, the municipality now has longer rainy months than before.

 Rainfall

The mean annual rainfall in Silang is about 2,128.13 mm (Table7). Rainfall

data shows that the highest recorded annual total rainfall was in 1999 and

2001with over 3,000 mm. On the other hand, the lowest recorded annual total

rainfall was in 1997 with only about 1,500 mm.

 Relative Humidity (RH)

The mean relative humidity in Silang is between 94%. The month of January

and August showed the highest recorded relative humidity of 96%, while the month

of March had the lowest relative humidity of 91%.

 Temperature

The annual mean temperature in the municipality is 29°C. March showed to

be the hottest month with a mean temperature of 33°C, while the coldest month

with a mean temperature of 25°C was during the month of January.

 Prevailing Winds

The mean annual wind speed in Silang is about 1.04 meters per second.

During the months of October to April, easterly winds prevail with a mean speed

of 1.10 meters per second. The westerly winds can be observed during the months

of May to September with a mean speed of 0.95 meters per second.

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7. Natural Hazards

 Typhoons

Typhoons have brought damages to crops, infrastructure, and other

properties in Silang. Typhoon Frank (2008) damaged a total area of 588.957

hectares and the production value of Php 3,226,626.00. Typhoon Ondoy (2009)

damaged a total area of 928.78 hectares with a corresponding value of

Php4,682,935.50. Typhoon Santi (2009) brought damages to crops and damaged

2,029.26 hectares with a total production loss of Php 11,366,423.00. Typhoon

Pedring (2011) damaged 871.5755 hectares with a total of Php 18,126,375.00

damage in production.

The major agricultural products that were affected were corn, root crops,

fruit trees, banana, papaya, cassava, fruit, and leafy vegetables. Typhoons can

cause a rainfall-induced landslide, river overflow, and flooding.

 Rainfall-Induced Landslide and Flooding

Being a watershed area, and having seven sub-basins, Silang literally

collects water. Extreme rainfall events, brought about by large fluctuations in

climate variability, have become a threat to areas that were not even visited by

rainfall-induced hazards in the past. With the recent events that made places used

to be safe vulnerable to these hazards, the municipality of Silang should be

prepared for what is to come in terms of rainfall-induced landslide and flooding.

Silang as a whole has low susceptibility to landslide. However, a closer look

will reveal that there are areas highly susceptible to the landslide.

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Figure 23. Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard Map

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

A. Earthquake-Induced Landslide

The West Valley Fault Line straddles along the northeastern portion of the

municipality. This fault line covers the Barangays of Kaong, Tibig, Inchican,

Carmen, and Puting Kahoy. This makes the area vulnerable to earthquakes and

its consequences such as a landslide.

The recommended minimum buffer zone from the fault is five meters as

reckoned from both sides of the fault trace or from the edge of the deformation

zone.

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Figure 24. Landslide Susceptibility Map

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

8. Land Use

Planned Unit Development (PUD) Zone

It is a land development scheme wherein project site is comprehensively

planned as an entity via unitary site plan which permits flexibility in

planning/design, building siting, complementarity of building types and land uses,

usable open spaces and the preservation of significant natural land features.

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Figure 25. General Land Use Map

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

Figure 26. General Land Use Plan

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

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Existing Land Use

Silang has a total land area of 15,641 hectares. The different land use

categories are urban uses (residential, commercial, institutional,

infrastructure/utilities, parks, and playgrounds, industrial uses), agriculture,

SAFDZ, agri-industrial, tourism, water bodies, and other uses (cemeteries and

material resource facility.

Urban Use Areas

 Residential Areas

The residential areas are comprised of 3,081.20 hectares. This is about

19.6995% of the total land area of the municipality. These are the areas occupied

by the different residential subdivisions/housing units in Silang. The socialized

housing projects occupy an aggregate area of 9.0102 hectares and these can be

found in Barangays San Miguel II, Iba, and Sabutan.

With a total population of 229,492 in 2012, the residential density is 75

persons per hectare of the residential area. Household density, on the other hand,

is 16.34 households per hectare of the residential area. The average lot size then

is 612 square meters per household.

 Commercial Areas

The aggregate area occupied by different commercial establishments has

a total of 324.19 hectares. The center of commerce is concentrated in the town

proper where the Public Market is situated. There is a proliferation of various

commercial entities along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road starting from Barangay

Puting Kahoy up to Barangay Pasong Langka.

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 Institutional Areas

Silang is host to a good number of educational institutions. Among them are

the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) in Barangay Tartaria, Adventist

International Institute of Advanced Studies (AIIAS) in Barangay Lalaan I, and the

Adventist University of the Philippines (AUP) in Barangay Puting Kahoy.

Institutional areas are those occupied by governmental, educational, religious, and

health institutions and has a total of 574.48 hectares or 3.6729% of the total land

area.

 Industrial Areas

The industrial areas total to 490.19 hectares or 3.1340% of the total land

area.

These are the areas occupied by the various industrial establishments in

Silang and mostly found in Barangay Maguyam. These areas are adjacent to the

existing industrial zones of Carmona and Gen. Mariano Alvarez.

 Agricultural Areas / SAFDZ

The municipality has total agricultural land areas of 9,318.41 hectares or

59.5768% of the total land area, inclusive of the SAFDZ areas at 2,287.62

hectares. These areas are devoted to crop production with a total of 5,173.63

hectares of the total agricultural land area. The major crop is coffee, robusta

variety, occupying 1,415.50 hectares. This is followed by coconut, with a

production area of 756 hectares. The other crop production areas are devoted to

rice, corn, root crops, legumes, pineapple, mango, papaya, banana, fruit trees,

vegetables, black pepper, and ornamentals/cut flowers. There are also farms

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devoted to livestock and poultry production and most of these are situated in the

rural barangays. Farmers also engage in backyard cattle and swine production,

although there are a good number of commercial and semi-commercial cattle and

swine production locators. There is a total of 110 broiler farms and a sheep farm

while game fowl breeders total to 92. There are agricultural lands left idle/vacant

over the years which total to 1,857.18 hectares.

 Forest Areas

A portion of Barangay Cabangaan has been identified as forest areas. This

is about 208.20 hectares of land. The area is likewise protected and needs to be

preserved for environmental consideration.

 Agri-Industrial

In Silang, these are areas occupied by piggery and poultry projects mostly

in Batas. The aggregate area occupied is 40.67 hectares. There is a total of 202

locators.

 Tourism

This is the area within the municipality endowed with natural or manmade

physical attributes and resources conducive to recreation, leisure, and other

wholesome activities. It has an area of 300 hectares and is known as the Riviera

encompassing Barangays

Biluso, San Miguel, San Vicente, and Lucsuhin. There are various resorts

in the area that cater both to local and foreign tourists. A good number of

seminar/retreat houses are also present.

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 Water Bodies

There are 17 major river systems in the municipality of Silang as reflected

in the 2002 CLUP of Silang. The most notable of these river systems are Malaking

Ilog traversing barangays Pooc, Balite I, Iba, Sabutan, and Kaong; Tibagan, the

longest reported river (14.5km) crossing barangays Bucal, Malabag, Balite II,

Tubuan, Poblacion, and Sabutan; Munting Ilog cutting across barangays Pulong

Bunga, Pooc, Munting Ilog and Kaong; Lucsuhin River in barangays Litlit,

Lucsuhin, Batas, Biluso and Adlas; Halang and Maria river in Balubad; and

Balubad river in Puting Kahoy. The aggregate area occupied by these various

water bodies is 1,032.31 hectares.

 Land Use Trends

The trend observed in the land use of the municipality is from 2001 to 2012.

There has been a continuous increase in the areas of the urban use. These uses

include residential, commercial, institutional, infrastructure and utilities, and

cemeteries. Figures in 2001 showed that areas occupied by these various land

use total to 4,613 hectares and 4,713.06 hectares in 2012. There is a 0.1327%

increase. Figure No. 12 presents the land use trend from 20012012. There is a

noticeable decrease in the agricultural area from 2001-2012, primarily caused by

urbanization in recent years. In view of the increasing need for settlements, some

of the municipality’s agricultural areas have been converted to residential,

commercial, institutional uses and non-agricultural uses. A good number of high-

end residential developments have likewise contributed to the decrease in

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agricultural areas. Compared to the 2001 agricultural areas, there was a 113.42

hectares decrease which is within the limitation of Memorandum Circular No. 54.

Areas considered as forest in 2001 has a total of 208 hectares and can be

found in Barangay Cabangaan. The same was retained since it has been identified

for the conservation and protection of the environment.

The Central Business District or CBD was composed of the Barangay

Poblacion only in 2001 while as of 2012, the CBD has increased and spilled over

to the adjoining barangays of San Vicente I and II, Portion of Sabutan, Biga I and

II in the north, Tubuan I, II and III, and Lalaan I in the south and San Miguel I and

II in the west. These became the urban influence areas.

% to Total Land
Land Use Categories Area (Hectares)
Area

Urban Use Areas

Residential 3072.18 19.6418

Socialized Housing Zone 9.0102 0.0576

Commercial 324.19 2.0727

Institutional 574.48 3.6729

Infrastructure/Utilities 225.80 1.4436

Parks/Playgrounds and other

17.2 0.1100
recreational spaces

Industrial 490.19 3.1340

Agriculture 9,318.41 59.5768

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5,173.63 5,173.63
 Crop production areas
 SAFDZ 2,287.62 2,287.62
 Idle/Vacant Lands
1,857.16 1,857.16

Agri-industrial 40.67 0.2600

Tourism 300 1.9180

Forest 208.20 1.3311

Cemeteries 24.85 0.1589

Material Resource Facility 3.5 0.0224

Water Bodies 1,032.31 6.6000

Total 15,641.00 100

Table 9.0 Existing General Land Use

Source: Office of the Municipal Assessor

 Comparative Advantages (Development Potentials)

Silang is located 45 kilometers south of Metro Manila which makes it an

ideal destination for weekenders. It has a cool and invigorating climate ideal for

short outdoor activities. Its proximity to high-end residential subdivisions and

industrial parks of Laguna and Cavite provinces provide a comparative advantage

in terms of tourism potential. It is strategically located such that it serves as a

gateway to Tagaytay City and other tourist destinations in the province of

Batangas.

Being a part of the CALABARZON industrial zone, the municipality has

identified areas for industrial locators; hence the presence of economic zones in

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identified suitable sites. For environmental consideration, only light to medium

intensity industrial activities shall be encouraged. Locators are to comply with the

clearances and other requirements of concerned national government agencies.

Its proximity to the international airport and availability of infrastructure utilities

makes it conducive for entrepreneurs to establish their businesses in Silang. The

proposed CALAX Road traversing barangays Batas, Adlas, Biga II, Sabutan

leading to Barangay Tibig and Barangay Inchican then to SLEX is a welcome

project since it will contribute to boosting the economy of Silang.

Various development projects are ably supported by the national

government and other funding institutions. The competent local administration

provides basic social services to its residents. The presence of an adequate labor

force can meet the requirements of the business/industry sector.

 Weaknesses (Priority Issues and Concerns)

There are priority issues and concerns that need to be addressed to achieve

the desired vision of Silang by 2022.

The remaining agricultural lands, as much as possible, should no longer be

converted to other non-agricultural uses. Agricultural production must be

intensified such that there will be no decrease in the yield of crop production areas

and other agricultural produce. Because of the threat of natural calamities,

mitigating and adaptive measures should be given utmost consideration.

Because Silang is strategically located, in-migrants tend to increase over

the years, so it is the concern of the local government to provide residential areas

to the increasing population. Informal settlements should be properly relocated to

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areas that are not prone to hazards such as flash flooding and erosion. An

evacuation center should be established so that when disasters arise, school

buildings will not be utilized as such.

Some barangays have insufficient and irregular supply of water. Hence,

there is a need to provide more pumping stations to address the increasing need

for water supply.

 Functional Role of the Municipality per PDPFP

The Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan of Cavite

ensures better quality of life for six million Caviteños in 2017. Cavite must be a

better place to live, work and do business.

In line with this framework, Silang belongs to the Third Growth Corridor,

along with Alfonso, Mendez, Amadeo, Indang, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, Magallanes,

and Ternate.

Being an agricultural community, Silang shall pursue the intensification of

agricultural production given its functional role as a food basket. Agri-tourism

activities shall be encouraged.

 The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

A. Vision

A God-fearing, nature-loving, and law-abiding citizenry living in a

progressive, healthy and empowered community governed by leadership with

integrity, adaptive to change with strong political would to ensure sustainable and

stable ecological balanced environment towards the development of an equitable

agriculturally-based economy to become globally competitive.

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B. Development Goals and Objectives

The ultimate goal of the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Silang,

Cavite is to serve as a primary and dominant basis for the future use of land

resources both for short- and long-term developments with no significant

deterioration of the land resources itself.

C. Development Thrusts and Strategies

The development concept proposed for Silang stems from its recognition as

an emerging urban center, with its envisioned change of status from a large town

into a small/medium city; and its being a component of the Tagaytay-Silang Urban

Growth Cluster (CALABARZON RPFP 2004-2030), at the same time its great

potential as the food basket of the province of Cavite.

It is interesting to note that Silang is to serve both as an Urban Growth

Center, with recognized capabilities with levels and scales in alternative training,

commercial services, housing services, recreation services, education services,

and health services. It is envisioned to be competitive; coupled with its inclusion in

the Metro Tagaytay area as a tourism lane and food basket.

 Enhanced Economic Activities

Concerning agriculture, tourism, industry, and commerce and trade. In

support of Tourism development, commercial establishments are to be

encouraged along both sides of the major thoroughfares along the By-Pass Road

and along the Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road. However, the proliferation of non-tourism

related establishments shall likewise be controlled.

D. The Concept / Structural Plan

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The spatial development concepts identified for the municipality of Silang

are the linear urban form and multi-nodal form. The linear urban form, also known

as the ribbon or strip development is characterized by the concentration of

development along both sides of major transportation routes. The multi-nodal

urban form re-directs development away from the urban core toward identified

urban growth areas or nodes.

The entire Brgy. Carmen is being identified as a Planned Unit Development

(PUD) area in anticipation of the spill-over of developments in the proposed Growth

Management Area 2. This will likewise be in preparation for the proposed CALAX

Road.

Figure 27. Concept/Structure Plan Map

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

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E. The Land Use Plan

The development thrust established for the Municipality of Silang is Tourism

cum Agricultural Development.

Considering that majority of the total land area is devoted to agriculture, it

is the concern of the local government to enhance agricultural production. Prime

agricultural lands should be protected to ensure and address the local food

requirements of its population. The local government shall provide the required

physical infrastructure and services such as irrigation facilities and farm to market

roads. Credit/Lending facilities, among others, should be readily available to

farmers.

The whole barangay of Carmen has been designated as a Planned Unit

Development (PUD) area in anticipation of future developments with the opening

of the proposed CALAX Road.

9. Local Economy

Silang, like most of the towns in the province of Cavite, depends on a mainly

agricultural economy. The primary crops grown in the area are coconut, coffee,

corn, banana, pineapple, and tree crops like mango, lanzones, caimito, santol,

jackfruit, guava, and avocado. Fertile soils and abundant water sources make

Silang suitable not only for common commercial crops but also for high value and

exotic crops production. Most of the local farmers practice intercropping to

increase land productivity and lessen soil erosion. Fruit production exceeds the

demand of the municipality’s population, thus supply excesses are marketed to

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Metro Manila and neighboring urban centers. Several poultry and swine farms are

also lacated in some rural barangays.

Manufacturing and trade are Silang’s other major sources of income. Trade

and investments grew tremendously with the influx of both Manila-based and

foreign investors. Total investments were estimated at 2.5 billion pesos between

1996 and 2004, which helped bring about the employment of 3,000 people. Trade

establishments in Silang include gasoline stations, convenience stores,

lumber/hardware traders, groceries, resorts, and hotels.

Silang houses the Manguym Industrial Complex and the Daichi Industrial

Complex in addition to a total of ten factories operating outside the export

processing zone.

10. Education

Education is one of the basic services that should be prioritized by both the

local and national government. Access or right to basic education should be

provided for those who desire to undergo formal schooling especially the

underprivileged sector. Based on the 2008 Functional Literacy Education and

Mass Media Survey, about 58 million out of the estimated 67 million Filipinos aged

10-64-year-old are functionally literate. The literacy rate is higher for those who

belong to the highest income group while the largest number of those in the lowest

income group finished only the primary level. Those who have no formal schooling

gained functional literacy based on alternative learning sources such as media.

Committed to further improve the quality of education, the Department of

Education Culture and Sports mandated to provide an enhanced learning

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environment and resources which would benefit children and youth in public

schools implements it’s Adopt a School Program (ASP) which aims to create

multiple partnerships with different business sectors, NGO’s, foundations,

individuals and other private entities here and abroad in order to generate

investments outside the funding mainstream and national budget by providing

assistance on a short term or long term basis in the upgrading and modernization

of public elementary and high school.

 Number of Enrollment by School, Elementary

As a member of the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO), the Philippines is committed to achieving universal

access to primary education in 2015. The projected increase in school-going

population demands not only retrofitted and additional elementary and secondary

schools to accommodate the need of the population of Silang, but also requires an

increase in the number of teachers to maintain quality education.

Level Planning Period

Projected Enrollment 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020

Elementary 29,128 30,801 31,780 32,780 33,832

Table 10. Current and Projected Enrollment, Year 2012-2019

Source: Department of Education District Office/CHED 2009-2019

Teacher-Student and Classroom-Student Ratio

The number of teachers should be commensurate with the number of

students to ensure/maintain a higher quality of education and at the same time to

be able to guard as well the welfare of the teaching force.

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The teacher-student ratio of 1:50 which is a far cry from the ideal ratio of

1:25 disables a teacher to closely supervise each of his students. The classroom-

student ratio of 1:44 which is way beyond the ideal ratio of 1:30 is not conducive

for a learning atmosphere as it allows room for the inattentiveness, slow learning

process, and poor ventilation.

 Number of Enrollment by School, Secondary

In the secondary level, there is a projection of continuing gradual increase

in the enrollment from the year 2012-2020. This increase would do entail an

increase in teaching force and classroom which is a challenge the government is

still facing.

Level Planning Period

Projected Enrollment 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020

Elementary 29,128 30,801 31,780 32,780 33,832

Table 11. Current and Projected Enrollment, YeAr 2012-2020

Source: Department of Education District Office / CHED 2009-2013

Teacher-Student and Classroom-Student Ratio

The teaching workforce at secondary level is composed of 236 mentors

while the total number of classrooms is 166. Given these figures, the overall

teacher to student ratio is 1:48 while the overall classroom to student ratio is 1:68,

both of which is a far cry from the ideal ratio. The ideal national classroom-student

ratio for elementary and secondary public schools is 1:30 but due to the free

education program of the national government, this still has not been met.

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 Tertiary School

For tertiary education, there are seven (7) institutions offering higher

education, six (6) of which are privately owned, and only one (1) is owned by the

government. The Cavite State University, a government-owned educational

institution in Barangay Biga I is the largest university in the municipality which

offers courses commonly in Management and Information Technology.

Furthermore, there are 20 private and TESDA-registered institutions offering

technical and vocational courses.

NAME OF SCHOOL LOCATION

Tertiary (Public)

Cavite State University Barangay Biga I

Tertiary (Private)

AIIAS Barangay Lalaan I

Adventist University of the Philippines Barangay Puting Kahoy

Far Eastern University Metrogate Silang Estates

Del Ria Bldg,. M. H. Del Pilar St.

Imus Computer College-Silang
Barangay III

Philippine Missionary Institute Barangay Biga I

St. Anthony’s Boys Village Barangay Lalaan II

Vocational / Technical (Private and TESDA Registered)

1000 Missionary Movement Training

Barangay Balubad
School

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Adventist University of the Philippines Barangay Putting Kahoy

Asian Touch International Training 3/F Anciro Bldg., Madlangsacay St.,

Institute. Inc. Barangay II

3/F Anciro Bldg., Madlangsacay St.,

Asian Spirit Career Foundation, Inc.
Barangay II

Beatitudes Technological and 131 Molave St., Barangay San Miguel

Theological College-Silang 2

Cavite Institute, Inc. EKB Heights, Barangay Iba

EEP English Academy Purok 5, Barangay Pasong Langka

Far Eastern College-Silang, Inc. Km. 51, Barangay Lalaan II

Hana Overseas Language Institute, 304 Purok 3, Platero St., Barangay

Inc. Lumil

Del Ria Bldg., M.H. Del Pilar St.,

Imus Computer College-Silang
Barangay III

Jesus Amazing Grace Global Kapt. Sayas St., Barangay San

Colleagues Vicente II

Jo Family Englove Institute, Inc. Barangay Hoyo

Onnuri English Center Barangay Lalaan II

Phils Life Services, Inc. Barangay Pulong Bunga

Rogationist College Barangay Lalaan II

Km 43 Aguinaldo Hiway, Barangay

Silang Town Training Center, Inc.
Lalaan I

Sisters of Mary Technical Education

Barangay Adlas
Institute Cavite Inc.

St. Benilde Montessori College, Inc. Aguinaldo Hiway, Barangay Lalaan II

Vetec Institute of International

Barangay Balubad
Studies, Inc.
Table 12 Tertiary and Vocation/Technical Schools by Type

Source: Department of Education District Office/CHED 2009-2013

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11. SPORTS AND RECREATION

Indulging in leisure activities are important in Filipino’s daily lives because

of their role in Philippine culture. Sports and recreation are considered a social

service for it develops the psychosocial and physical aspects of the individual.

The 2011-2016 Philippine Road Map of the Philippine Sports Commission

is now in place. One of its features is the Focused Sports policy where several

sports events will be given utmost priority which includes boxing, tae kwon do,

athletics, swimming, archery, bowling, weight lifting, and billiards.

The Municipality of Silang has several existing sports and recreational

facilities housed in the local government.

Existing Sports and Recreational Facilities by Barangay

Cognizant of the enthusiasm of the youth to engage in recreational activities

and of the health benefits these activities provide, most of the barangays here in

Silang have their recreational facilities which have been utilized not only for

sports/recreational activities but for other programs of the barangay.

These facilities are mostly government owned but due to constant usage

most of them are in poor/critical condition and require rehabilitation/repairs. The

biggest of these with a lot area of 516.653 square meters is located in Lucsuhin

followed by Litlit with a lot area of 436.641 square meters, and the rest of the

majority has an area of 364 sq. m.

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12. Utilities

A. Power and Electrification

The number of households served with electricity in this municipality is 33,

340 or 92%, a relatively large number compared to 3,000 or 8% households which

remains unserved.

Number of Households Percentage

Served 33 340 92

Unserved 3 000 8

Total 36 340 100

Table 13 Households Served and Un-served by Electricity, 2012

Source: Local Power Service Provider

The municipality’s largest number of power connections comes from

residential users with 39,267 connections, followed by commercial users with 2,

962 connections and the least is for street light with only 39 connections.

Type of Users

Power
Street
Residential Commercial Industrial Total
Light

Number of
39 297 2 962 75 39 42 343
Connections

Annual
Power
4 393 079 3 230 682 3 978 285 51 36 11 653 402
Consumption
in Kwh
Table 14. Number of Connection by Users, 2012
Source: Local Power Service Provider

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For 2013, residential connections have the largest projected power

consumption of 53,980 Kwh, followed by industrial with 47,002 kWh, commercial

with 39,488 kwh, and street light with 577 kWh.

Projected Power Requirement

Types of
Connection
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Residential 42 443 44 125 45 875 47 694 49 585 51 551 53 595 55 720 57 930 60 227

Commercial 3 324 3 536 3 762 4 002 4 258 4 530 4 530 5 128 5 456 5 805

Industrial 87 95 104 114 124 138 148 162 177 193

Street Light 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 50 52

Total 45 894 47 799 49 784 51 854 54 013 56 264 58 611 61 059 63 613 66 276

Table 15.1 Projected Power Requirement

Source: Local Power Service Provider

Projected Power Consumption in 1000 kWh

Types of
Connection
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Residential 53 980 56 679 59 513 62 489 65 613 68 894 72 339 75 956 79 753 83 741

Commercial 39 488 41 858 44 369 47 031 49 853 52 844 56 015 59 376 62 938 66 715

Industrial 44 002 49 822 52 811 55 980 59 338 62 899 66 673 70 673 74 913 79 408

Street Light 577 606 637 668 702 737 774 812 853 896

Total 141 047 148 965 15 330 166 168 175 507 185 374 195 800 206 817 218 458 230 760

Table 15.2 Projected Annual Power Consumption in 1000 kWh

Source: Local Power Service Provider

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B. Water Supply & Distribution

Residents of Silang acquire water supply from nine shallow wells, 66 deep

wells, and nine improved spring. The shallow well serves 362 households, the

deep well serves 3,692 households, and the improved spring serves 2,414

households. There are 52 barangays in the municipality which are served solely

by Silang Water District. Lalaan II, and Pooc II are supplied with water through the

Barangay Water System. The barangays of Adlas, PoocI, Santol, and Tartaria are

served by both Silang Water District and Barangay Water System.

 Other Water Sources

There are other sources of water that some of the barangays in the

municipality benefit from, namely: undeveloped spring, open dug wells, rainwater,

and water peddlers. Anahaw I has 0.07% households which get water supply

solely from its other source, the open dug wells, 3.82% households in Balite I get

most of its water supply from undeveloped spring, 2.68% households in Balite II

from undeveloped spring, 6.38% households in Batas from rainwater, 36.28%

households in Bucal solely from undeveloped spring, both 18.20% households in

Cabangaan from undeveloped spring and rainwater, 42.90% households in Hoyo

from rainwater, 7.98% households in Kaong from water peddlers, 0.04%

households in Lalaan II and 0.03% households in Litlit from undeveloped spring,

both 0.74% households in Malabag from rainwater and water peddlers, 18.72%

households in Sabutan from rainwater and 0.43% households in Ulat from open

dug wells.

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Number of Household Population Served (%)

Barangay
Undeveloped Open Dug Water
Rainwater
Spring Wells Peddlers

Anahaw 0.07%

Balite I 3.82% 1.64% 0.16%

Balite II 2.68% 0.89% 0.45%

Batas 3.19% 6.38% 3.19%

Biluso

Bucal 36.28%

Cabangaan 18.20% 18.20%

Hoyo 42.90%

Kaong 0.74% 2.66% 7.98%

Lalaan II 0.04%

Litlit 0.03%

Malabag 0.74% 0.74%

Mataas na
0.63%
Burol

Sabutan 0.06% 0.37% 18.72% 17.33%

Ulat 0.43%
Table 16. Other Water Sources, 2012

Source: Local Power Service Provider

 Existing Surface Water Reoources by Type and Classification

There are thirteen (13) existing surface water resources in the municipality,

eleven (11) of which are classified as A, and the remaining two (2) are classified

as AA and AA, B.

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Surface Water (e.g.

lakes, river, Classification (e.g.
Location
impounding Class AA,, A, B, C, D)
structures, etc.)

Brgy. of Batas, Biluso

Batas River A
and Lucsuhin

Brgy. of Lalaan, Balite,

Tibigan River A
Tubuan

Brgy. of Paligawan,
Munting Ilog River and
Pulong, Saging and A
Spring
Pooc

Brgy. Mataas na Burol,

Paligawan, Balite,
Malaking Ilog Pulong Saging, Pooc, Aa, b
Malaking Tatiao,
Sabutan and Kaong

Brgy. of Pasong Langka,

Lengka River A
Cabangaan, and Lumil

Hoyo Lagoon Brgy. Hoyo A

Brgy. Tartaria, Puting

Puting Kahoy River A
Kahoy

Brgy. Tartaria, Puting

Lumbia River A
Kahoy and Hukay

Brgy. of Munting Ilog,

Pulo River Malaking Tatiao, ang A
Tibig

Alkalde River Brgy. of Tibig and Kaong A

Semeca River Brgy. Inchican A

Malindig Natural Spring

Brgy. Carmen Aa
Water

Brgy. of Balite and

Tibigan River A
Tubuan
Table 17. Existing Surface Water Resources by Type and Classification

Source: MPDO

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1. Roads

The road network is predominantly unpaved with 69% topped with gravel

and 2.83% with unpaved earth. National roads are mainly paved with

approximately 24% concrete-paved and 68% of total length with asphalt pavement.

Provincial roads still have a sizeable length unpaved with 51% gravel pavement.

However, the majority of the municipal roads are concrete-paved with 17.74 km

(72% of the total length of municipal road). On the other hand, barangay roads are

mainly unpaved.

2. Drainage and Sewerage Facility

In general, the drainage and sewerage system in the urban area consists

of a small canal and closed box located on both sides of the street where the free-

flowing water from rivers serves as the drainage system. This also serves as the

sewerage system where wastewater and human waste from a household that do

not have septic tank flow. The inventory of drainage facilities is shown in Table

5.12.

In rural areas, small creeks and rivers serve as the drainage and sewerage

facilities for them.

3. Transportation

The national road with a total length of 27.639 covering Emilio Aguinaldo

Hi-way, Governor’s Drive, J. P. Rizal St, and Tagaytay-Sta. Rosa is either

concreted or asphalted. Among the provincial roads, only a portion of Munting Ilog-

Carmen with a length of 24.84 km is covered by gravel. Municipal roads are either

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asphalted or concreted. A large area of the barangay roads is either concreted or

covered with gravel. However, there is still portion which has not been paved yet.

There are two common types of public utility which the residents of the

municipality normally and frequently avail of in their transport to and from Silang,

namely the bus and jeepney. The other mode of transportation availed of by the

riding public within the municipality is through tricycle grouped according to the

TODA (Tricycle Operators and Drivers Association) they belong to and positioned

to specific areas in the municipality.

Figure 28. Road Network Map, Municipality of Silang

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

Type of Public Utility/Vehicle Route Origin/Destination

Pasay-Silang-Dasmariñas

Pasay/Cubao-Silang-Batangas
Bus

Pasay/Cubao-Silang-Tagaytay

Pasay/Cubao-Silang-Mendez/Amadeo

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Pasay/Cubao-Silang-Alfonso

Amadeo/Mendez-Silang-Cubao-Pampanga

Lalaan1-Dasmariñas/Pasay/Lawton

Tagaytay-Silang

Zapote-Silang(Bayan)

Imus-Silang(Bayan)
Jeepney
Dasmariñas-Silang(Bayan)

Pooc 1 and 2-Silang (Bayan)

Tagaytay-Lumil/Tartaria/PutingKahoy-Balibago
Table 18. Inventory of Public Land Transportation Vehicles by Type and

Service Routes, Silang, Cavite

Source: Silang Municipal Planning and Development Office, CLUP

 Postal Service

The municipality’s lone post office situated in San Vicente I handled a total

of 989,491 mails for 2012, the bulk of which are domestic mails totaling 958,083

and only 31,408 are international mails. Out of the 64 barangays in Silang, only 22

barangays have communication services. Out of these 22 barangays, twenty-one

(21) barangays have internet connections, ten (10) have telephone connections

and cable TV, and all 22 have cell site network.

 Telecommunication

The municipality has 47 cell sites located in 27 of its barangays. The largest

number of cell sites belongs to Globe Telecommunications and Digitel both of

which have 18 cell sites. Smart has 10 cell sites while Sun Cellular has only 1

located in Lalaan II.

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Name of Number of
Location
Company Cell Sites

Biga I, Tartaria, Pasong Langka, San Vicente

Smart 10 I, Putting Kahoy, Kalubcob, Ulat Lumil,
Munting Ilog, Maguyam, Lalaan I

Acacia, Malaking Tatiao, Tibig, Lalaan I,

Tartaria, Putting Kahoy, San Vicnte II, Kaong,
Globe 18
Lumil, Biluso, Kalubcob, Litlit, Pulong Bunga,
Pulong Saging, Biga I, Lalaan II, Maguyam

Acacia, Munting Ilog, Biga II, Lalaan I,

Tartaria, Lalaan II, Putting Kahoy, Buho,
Digitel 18
Pasong Langka, Pooc I, Kaong, Kalubcob,
Bulihan, Biga I, Inchican

Sun Cellular 1 Lalaan II

TOTAL 47

Table 19. Inventory of Communication Tower

Source: MPDO, Silang

4. Waste Disposal System

The municipality in its effort to properly manage the disposal of its solid

waste tasks the Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO)

to spearhead the collection of the municipality’s solid waste. To enforce this task,

the office uses its seven compact trucks, two mini dump trucks, and 1 forward truck

to collect municipal waste from the different Barangays and disposes them to an

open dumpsite located in Barangay Lalaan I.

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NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS
METHODS
SERVED

Collected and disposed to:

- Open dump 28 345

- Controlled dump
- Sanitary landfill

Composting 3 265

Recycling

Not collected

- Burned 6 910
- Dumped in individual open pit (not
burned) 475

Table 20. Methods of Solid Waste Disposal/Treatment, 2012

Source: OMPDC

The Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) notes an average

of 25 tons of solid waste collected daily. The majority of municipal waste is

collected and disposed to an open dump system located in Barangay Lalaan I

which serves 28,345 households in Silang. About 6,910 of households that have

a backyard and normally located in the rural areas burned their waste materials.

Composting is practiced by 3,265 households while 475 households dumped their

domestic waste in an open pit without burning. The municipality has one (1) central

MRF located in Lalaan I and two (2) barangay MRF located in Yakal and Anahaw

I.

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3.2.2.2 Micro Site

Figure 29. Panoramic View of the Site

Source: Google Earth

Figure 30. Site Pictures – North View

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Figure 31. Site Pictures – East View

Figure 32. Site Pictures – South View

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Figure 33. Site Pictures – West View

Figure 34. Road and Landmarks Map

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LOT BEARING DISTANCE (M) AREA

N 65d28'39" E 471.66

275.05
S 16d27'33" E

11.44 hectares
534.95
N 55d14'52" E

376.87
N 55d14'52" E

Table 21. Lot Bearings

3.2.2.3 Technical Site Data

1. Size of Lot

The parcel of land from Barangay Carmen, Hukay, Silang, Cavite covered

11.44 hectares

2. Topography or Contour of Lot

It is characterized as a 3-5% slope level.

3. Lot Configuration

The lot is irregular in configuration.

4. Zoning Classification

The Land Use Plan of the municipality classified the site as a Planned Unit

Development area.

5. Nature of Bounding Lots

The site is adjacent to the river.

6. Direction Approach

The site is accessible through Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road.

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7. Existing Utilities

Silang is going through urbanization and a first-class municipality, therefore

there’s ease on connecting the site through different utilities such as power lines,

water lines, communication, and cell site signals are ideal.

8. Sun Orientation

9. Wind Orientation

a) Amihan or Northern Monsoon occurs in January on dry seasons and

wet seasons.

b) Habagat or Southwest Monsoon is greater in intensity than northeast

monsoon and occurs only during the wet season.

Figure 35. Sun and Wind Orientation

Source: Google Earth

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3.2.3Site Analysis

3.2.3.1. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

(SWOT Analysis)

MACRO SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

 Located 45 kilometers south of Metro Manila which makes it an ideal

destination for weekenders.

 It is accessible with the presence of public transportation through Sta. Rosa-

Tagaytay Road and with the Cavite-Laguna Expressway in which the time

travel is economically accessible.

 The site is easy to locate as viewed along the national highway.

 The topography of the site has a nearly level, gently sloping, 3-8% which is

capable of land development.

 It has a desirable climate which is relatively cool and invigorating.

 It has the presence of power supply through Meralco, water supply from

Silang Water District, and telecommunications from Smart Communications

Inc., Globe Telecom, and Digitel Telecommunications. Phils., Inc.

 Its proximity to the international airport and availability of infrastructure

utilities makes it conducive for entrepreneurs to establish their businesses

in Silang.

 There are no major water bodies within and around the site.

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WEAKNESSES

 Because Silang is strategically located, in-migrants tend to increase over

the years, so it is the concern of the local government to provide residential

areas to the increasing population.

 Solid waste management remains a problem for the municipality due to

increasing urbanization.

 The congested and deteriorating urban core/Poblacion area cannot be

neglected as it

 is still the center of trade, commerce, and government for the municipality

OPPORTUNITIES

 With great accessibility comes with development projects that would be

accessible to Metro Manila and Metro CALA (Cavite and Laguna).

 The growing industry and service sectors shifted the local economy

because of the unprecedented expansion of Metro Manila’s services to the

south.

 The proposed project would generate job opportunities that would benefit

the residents within the vicinity.

 A driving instrument that would give way to our country’s economic growth

especially in the province of Cavite and nearby provinces.

 The proposed project would be a good way that might attract more local

and foreign investors.

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THREATS

 As for future transport needs, the rate of traffic growth is not as high

as that of the other zones in the CALA area.

 Air and Noise pollution would be a threat given the expected increase

in industrial pollutants.

 Projected traffic congestion if not taken into consideration

 There is an inferred fault line on the site.

MICRO SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS

 All utility systems including water supply, communication, and

electricity are present in the site.

 The site is generally plain and the slope will not be a major problem

for the proposed development.

 SLEX and the soon to open CALAX is accessible within the site

 The site is low susceptibility to floods and other hazards.

 The site is accessible through Tagaytay-Sta. Rosa Road.

 The site is located wherein in a good surrounding is present that will

fit the goals of the proposed project.

 The beautiful view of Laguna de Bay and Mount Makiling can be

seen in the site

 Adjacent to provincial and barangay roads which is the main access

to the site.

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 The land is good for vegetation. There are existing trees within the

site.

 Security within the site by the perimeter fence.

WEAKNESSESES

 There are business parks and industrial complexes that are already

present near the site. These establishments are considered

competition for the proposed project.

 Lack of community venue for events.

 Lack of recreational facilities that may improve health.

OPPORTUNITIES

 A good road network would provide easy access to the users of the

project. It will attract more investors to use the proposed project.

 Within the vicinity, several number of business establishment are

being erected. It’s an opportunity that the site is very suitable for the

proposed project.

 This project can also add to the development increase of the

municipality particularly it’s economy.

 Open more job opportunities most especially in Silang

THREATS

 The presence of existing business establishments might create

competition for the proposed project.

 As for future transport needs, the rate of traffic growth is not as high

as that of the other zones in the CALA area.

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 The existing urban infrastructure and transportation requirements will

be unable to accommodate development requiring greater public-

sector involvement in transport and traffic management.

3.2.3.2 Summary of Site Analysis

There are many key concerns on the site. Because of the fundamental

characteristics of the site, the development of the proposed project would result in

site possibilities and problems objectively. Through the process of site selection,

the site was analyzed and visualized to embrace more strength rather than

weaknesses and opportunities and threats. The utilization of the site advantages

before and after the development is the consideration to be presented in the site

development plan.

The disadvantages would depict possible solutions or approaches to lessen

the negative effect and developed it to opportunities rather than liabilities.

With the enumerated site advantages and disadvantages, the researcher

analyzed that the site would be productive and appropriate for the development of

the project.

3.2.4 User’s Analysis

3.2.4.1 Users Demography

Demography is concerned with the collection and analysis of data relating

to population indicators and interpretation of these data against a social, biological,

economic, political, geographical, ecological, and historical background. The size,

structure, and distribution of the population must be considered in prospective

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planning. Therefore, the study of the population is very important in any planning

exercise.

POPULATION COMPOSITION

 Population by Age Group and Sex

For 2010, the National Statistics Office (NSO) Census on Population

recorded a total population of 213,490 for the Municipality of Silang, Cavite.

Utilizing the derived growth rate of 3.68%, the projected total population for 2012

is 229,492 while the total households are 50,010.

The population structure of Silang is an expansive pyramid with a wide

base, as shown in Graph 1. It means that a large portion of the population belongs

to the younger age groups. The young dependents, those who belong to age

groups under 1 to 10-14, total to 71,632 or 32.26% of the total population. The old

dependents, those belonging to the age group 65 years and above, total to 7,467

or 3.36% of the total population.

As to the distribution of the total household population 222,061 (2012), there

are 109,942 males and 112,119 females. The sex ratio is 1:1.02 meaning there is

a dominance of the female population. There are 102 females for every 100 males.

 Age Dependency Ratio

The age dependency ratio indicates the extent to which those who are too

young or too old to earn a living depend for support on those who earn. In Silang,

the total dependency ratio is 35.62%. The young dependency ratio is 50.10% while

the old dependency ratio is 5.22%. 54.36% is employed while 45.64% is not. Of

the total labor force: 73,251 are males while 77,178 are females.

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AGE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

TOTAL TOTAL
GROUP 2012 2012 2010 2020

Under 1 2,673 2,521 5,194 2,487 2,345 4,832

1-4 10,328 9,729 20,057 9,608 9,050 18,658

5-9 12,270 11,522 23,792 11,414 10,719 22,133

10-14 11,418 11,171 22,589 10,622 10,392 21,014

15-19 10,632 10,981 21,613 9,891 10,215 20,106

20-24 10,673 10,911 21,584 9,929 10,150 20,079

25-29 10,049 10,362, 20,411 9,348 6,40 18,988

30-34 9,252 9,545 18,797 8,607 8,879 17,486

35-39 7,528 7,548 15,076 7,003 7,022 14,025

40-44 6,526 6,916 13,442 6,071 6,434 12,505

45-49 5,656 5,756 11,412 5,262 5,354 10,616

50-54 4,547 4,666 9,213 4,230 4,341 8,571

55-59 3,338 3,458 6,796 3,105 3,217 6,322

60-64 2,119 2,499 4,618 1,971 2,325 4,296

65-69 1,276 1,558 2,834 1,187 1,449 2,636

70-74 822 1,341 2,163 765 1,247 2,012

75-79 464 840 1,304 432 781 1,213

80 and
370 796 1,166 344 741 1,085
over

Total 109,942 112,119 222,061 102,276 104,301 206,577

Table 22. Population Distribution by Age and Gender, 2010 and 2012

Source: NSO 2010/Projection

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Figure 37. Population Distribution by Age Group and Gender

Source: NSO 2010/Projection

Labor Force and Employment

Labor force or the economically active population refers to the population

15 years old and over who are either employed or unemployed.

The labor force of Silang in 2012 totals to 150,429 or 67.74% of the total

population of the total labor force 54.36% are employed, while 45.64% is not. Of

the total labor force: 73,251 are males while 77,178 are females.
MUNICIPAL
SEX
POPULATION EMPLOYED % UNEMPLOYED %

Female 77 178 29 242 19.44 47 936 31.87

Male 73 251 52 534 34.92 20 717 13.77

Both
150 429 81 776 54.36 68 653 45.64
Sexes
Table 23. Labor Force and Employment

Source: NSO 2007/Projection

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POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

 Total Population by Barangay

NSO 2010 data recorded a total population of 213,400 and total households

of 45,638. The current (2012) total population is 229,492 distributed among the 64

barangays of Silang. Of this figure, 72,810 are residing in the urban areas while

the rural population total to 156,682.

 Urban and Rural Household Population by Barangay

Silang is predominantly rural. Of the total population of 229,492, 86% reside

in the 46 rural barangays. About 14% of the total population resides in the urban

barangays. One of the most thickly populated barangays is Bulihan with 23,061

residents. Most NHA projects are situated in this area aside from other residential

subdivisions. Tartaria, considered a rural barangay, has a population of 13,082.

The Philippine National Police Academy is located in this area; hence, there is an

influx of in-migrants. Other thickly populated barangays include Maguyam, Kaong,

Puting Kahoy, and Inchican. The least populated barangay is Barangay Poblacion

3 with only 353 residents. As to households, there are 50,010 households in Silang

in 2012. The average household size is 4.29. There are 15,594 urban households

and 34,416 rural households.

 Urbanization Level

Urbanity or urbanization level in 2010 is 31.72 %. The urbanization levels in

1990 up to 2010 showed a decreasing pattern. This shows that the population

tends to reside in the different rural barangays over the years.

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POPULATION TEMPO OF
YEAR URBANIZATION
URBAN RURAL TOTAL (%)

1990 53 726 40 064 93 790 57.28

2000 50 997 105 140 156 137 32.66

2010 67 733 145 757 213 490 31.72

Table 24. Tempo of Urbanization

Source: National Statistics Office, 2010

 Population Density

With a total land area of 15,641 hectares, the gross population density is 14

persons per hectare. Urban density is 47 persons per hectare while rural density

is 11 persons per hectare.

POPULATION CHANGE

 POPULATION GROWTH PATTERN

In 1903, Silang had a population of 5,671. After 15 years, in 1918, the

population was almost doubled. In 1939, after 36 years, the population reached

18,909, registering an average annual increase of 3.46%. The population

continued to increase at an annual growth rate of 0.79%, giving a recorded

population of 20,292 in 1948. A continuous increase was recorded in 1960 when

the total population was 28,631 giving an annual average growth rate of 2.91%.

In 1970, the total population was 38,999 with an average growth rate of

3.14%. After ten years, in 1980, the total population rose to 52,321 with an average

growth rate of 3.15%. Census years 1990, 1995, and 2000 showed an increasing

trend. Total populations were 93,790, 124,062 and 156,137 respectively. The

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growth rate in 1995 at 5.75% is higher compared to that of the Province at 5.38%,

the Region at 3.53%, and the National growth rate at 2.32%.

The 2000 total population of 156,137 had a growth rate of 5.23% higher

than those of the Province (5.05%); the Region (3.07%) and the National (2.34%)

growth rate. Given the average growth rate of 3.68%, the projected population in

2012 is 229,492.

With a growth rate of 3.68%, Silang is expected to double its population in

19 years in 2031 with a projected population of 456,008.

BARANGAY 2010 2013 2015 2022

URBAN

Brgy. 1 933 1 040 1 118 1 440

Brgy. 2 798 889 956 1 231

Brgy. 3 328 366 393 506

Brgy. 4 712 794 853 1 099

Brgy. 5 1 900 2 118 2 276 2 932

Acaacia 7 820 8 715 9 369 12 066

Anahaw II 3 351 3 735 4 015 5 170

Banaba 4 760 5 305 5 703 7 344

Biluso 3 497 3 897 4 190 5 396

Bulihan 21 453 23 910 25 702 33 100

Narra I 2 822 2 352 2 528 3 256

Narra II 2 912 3 245 3 489 4 493

Narra III 4 614 5 145 5 530 7 122

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San Miguel I 1 716 1 913 2 056 2 648

San Miguel II 3 036 3 384 3 637 4 684

San Vicente I 1 826 2 035 2 188 2 817

San Vicente II 3 143 3 503 3 765 4 849

RURAL

Adlas 4 956 5 524 5 938 7 647

Anahaw I 4 524 5 042 5 5420 6 980

Balite I 1 834 2 044 2 197 2 830

Balite II 2 239 2 495 2 682 3 455

Balubad 2 844 3 170 3 407 4 388

Batas 3 135 3 494 3 756 4 837

Biga I 5 811 6 476 6 962 8 966

Biga II 6 161 6 867 7 381 9 506

Buho 1 827 2 036 2 189 2 819

Bucal 1 378 1 536 1 651 2 126

Cabangaan 1 099 1 225 1 317 1 696

Carmen 1 768 1 970 2 118 2 798

Hoyo 746 831 894 1 151

Hukay 1 414 1 576 1 694 2 182

Iba 3 875 4 319 4 642 5 979

Inchican 4 284 4 775 5 132 6 610

Ipil I 2 657 2 961 3 183 4 100

Ipil II 3 955 4 408 4 738 6 102

Kalubkob 2 247 2 504 2 692 3 467

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Kaong 6 767 7 542 8 107 10 441

Lalaan I 4 271 4 760 5 117 6 500

Lalaan II 5 089 5 672 6 097 6 105

Litlit 3 101 3 456 3 715 3 850

Lucsuhin 2 920 3 254 3 498 4 005

Lumil 3 258 3 631 3 903 5 027

Maguyam 8 482 9 453 10 162 13 087

Malabag 3 375 3 761 4 043 5 207

Malaking Tatiao 1 365 1 521 1 635 2 106

Mataas na Burol 794 885 951 1 225

Munting Ilog 2 995 3 338 3 588 4 621

Paligawan 1 167 1 289 1 386 1 785

Pasong Langka 2 722 3 034 3 261 4 200

Pooc I 1 743 1 943 2 088 2 689

Pooc II 1 900 2 118 2 276 2 932

Pulong Bunga 2 497 2 783 2 992 3 853

Pulong Saging 1 362 1 518 1 632 2 101

Puting Kahoy 5 838 6 507 6 994 9 007

Santol 1 470 1 638 1 761 2 268

Tartaria 11 738 13 082 14 063 18 111

Tibig 3 119 3 476 3 737 4 812

Toledo 1 403 1 564 1 681 2 165

Tubuan I 961 2 361 2 537 3 268

Tubuan II 1 018 1 071 1 151 1 483

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Tubuan III 1 018 1 135 1 220 1 571

Ulat 1 644 1 135 1 970 2 537

Yakal 5 896 6 571 7 064 9 097

TOTAL 213 490 237 937 255 772 329 395

Table 25. Projected Population of Silang, 2010 - 2022

Source: NSO 2010 Projection

Percent Distribution of Population 15 years Old and Over by Employment Status

By Region and Sex: January 2019

Total Not in
Total
Population 15 the
Region and Sex Labor Employed Unemployed
Years Old Labor
Force
and Over Force

Philippines 72 575 43 660 41 376 2 284 28 865

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 50.2 61.5 61.3 64.4 33.2

Female 49.8 38.5 38.7 35.6 66.8

National Capital
9 354 5 660 5 297 363 3 694
Region (NCR)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 48.3 57.8 57.4 663.5 33.6

Female 51.7 42.2 42.6 36.5 66.4

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Cordillera
Administrative Region 1 286 792 753 39 493
(CAR)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 51.3 59.6 59.8 56.1 37.8

Female 48.7 40.4 40.2 43.9 62.2

Region I (Ilocos
3 534 2 166 2 054 112 1 367
Region)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 50.7 62.3 62.2 65.3 32.2

Female 49.3 37.7 37.8 34.7 67.8

Region II (Cagayan
2 421 1 502 1 456 46 919
Valley)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 52.2 64.6 64.7 63.7 32.0

Female 47.8 35.4 35.3 36.3 68.0

Region III (Central

8 051 4 795 4 547 248 3 257
Luzon)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 50.0 62.4 62.3 65.6 31.8

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Female 50.0 37.6 37.7 34.4 68.2

Region IV-A
10 629 6 478 6 082 396 3 791
(CALABARZON)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 49.1 58.4 58.2 61.7 33.2

Female 50.9 41.6 41.8 38.3 66.8

Region IV-B
2 135 1 276 1 217 60 859
(MIMAROPA)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 51.2 63.1 63.0 64.7 33.5

Female 48.8 36.9 37.0 35.3 66.5

Region V (Bicol
4 204 2 348 2 220 123 1 868
Region)

Number (in thousands)

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Male 50.7 62.5 61.9 73.1 35.8

Female 49.3 37.5 38.1 26.9 64.2

Table 26. Percent Distribution of Population 15 Years Old and Over by

Employment Status

Source: Philippine Statistic Authority

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Proof of Progression

The proposed project aims to establish an office building development that

would break the traditional working setup and would attract employees and

investors to work with.

Labor Force and Employment

Labor force or the economically active population refers to the population

15 years old and over who are either employed or unemployed.

The labor force of Silang in 2012 totals to 150,429 or 67.74% of the total

population of the total labor force 54.36% are employed, while 45.64% is not. Of

the total labor force: 73,251 are males while 77,178 are females.

MUNICIPAL

SEX POPULATION EMPLOYED % UNEMPLOYED %

Female 77 178 29 242 19.44 47 936 31.87

Male 73 251 252 534 34.92 20 717 13.77

Both
150 429 81 776 54.36 68 653 45.64
Sexes
Table 27. Labor Force ad Employment

Source: NSO2007 / Projection

The proposed mixed-use development project targets to cater the

massively increasing number of business industry in the whole province that is

showing a big response to the decrease of unemployment rate, not only in the

Southern Luzon Region but also in the whole country.

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Cost of Doing Business in Province of Cavite

Table 28. Cost of Doing Business in Province of Cavite

Source: Regional Competitive Council, 2015

Industrial Estates and Economic Zones

The land-use plan of the province defines the location of industrial zones

for the strategic provision and optimization of support facilities needed by

industries. As per PEZA definition both operating and proclaimed economic zone

is an area that was granted PEZA status by under of a Presidential Proclamation

according to Republic Act No. 7916. Operating companies were amended already

with PEZA-registered locators while proclaimed is without PEZA - registered

locator yet, and development in progress is an area granted with a pre-qualification

clearance by the PEZA Board, subject to the issuance of a Presidential

Proclamation.

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Cavite has established a total of 56 economic zones/industrial estates, 28

are operating, 8 are proclaimed and 20 are still in the process of development. In

terms of number of economic zones, the 5th District has the majority of these with

17 industrial zones/estates followed by the 6th District with 15

From 1982 until 2013, 2 public and 26 private industrial estates/economic

zones have kept operating in the entire province. It is noted that Cavite Economic

Zone (CEZ) in the municipality of Rosario, a public economic zone with the highest

number of industrial establishments (284), covers the widest land area of 278.51

hectares. It is followed by Imus Informal Industrial Estate (200 hectares) and

Gateway Business Park in Gen. Trias (111.67 hectares)

Proclaimed economic zones preferred industries are those in tourism,

electronics, garments, food processing, leather products, metal fabrication, toys,

gifts, housewares, business process outsourcing (BPO), light to medium scale,

non-pollutive and semiconductor industries.

Economic zones that are still doing some land development and are not yet

fully occupied by locators are classified as development in progress. Cavite has

twenty (20) economic zones with the status of development in progress. The

largest economic zone under development is located in Gen. Trias, the PEC

Industrial Park with 177 hectares intended for garments, textiles, semiconductors,

food processing, and pharmaceuticals. There would mean a lot of available

resources to accommodate the incoming investments and industrial locators in

Cavite

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City /Municipality Operating Proclaimed Development Total

1st District 1 2 4 7
Cavite City 2 2
Kawit 1 1 2
Rosario 1 1 1 3
2nd District 1 1
City of Bacoor 1 1
3rd District 3 3 6
City of Imus 3 3 6
4th District 3 2 2 7
City of Dasmarinas 3 2 2 7
5th District 13 2 2 17
Carmona 7 1 8
Gen. Mariano Alvarez 1 1
Silang 5 1 2 8
6th District 7 2 6 15
Trece Martires City 1 2 3
Gen. Trias 5 1 4 10
Tanza 2 2
7th District 3 3
Naic 1 1
Magallanes 1 1
Tagaytay City 1 1
TOTAL 28 8 20 56
Table 29. Number of Economic Zones/Industrial Estates by

City/Municipality, Province of Cavite: 2013

Source: PEZA, Pasay City, City/Municipal Planning & Development Offices,

Cavite

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are considered as formal

business sectors considering that they provide employment to significant number

of people. An MSME is defined as any business activity or enterprise engaged in

industry, agri-business, and/or services that have: (1) an asset size (less land) of

up to PhP100 million; and (2) an employment size with less than 200 employees.

Based on these categories, it is classified as micro, small, or medium regardless

of the type of business ownership, that is, single proprietorship, cooperative,

partnership, or corporation. The basis of classification is the asset size and the

number of employees.

CATEGORY

ENTERPRISE
BY NUMBER OF
BY ASSET SIZE
EMPLOYEES

MICRO Up to P 3 000 000 1-9

SMALL P 3 000 001 – P 15 000 000 10-99

MEDIUM P 15 000 001 – P 100 000 000 100-199

LARGE P 100 000 001 – and up 200 and over

Table 30. Enterprises by Type and Corresponding Description

Source: PEZA, Pasay City, City / Municipal Planning & Development Offices,

Cavite

For the year 2013, 38,004 business enterprises are being registered in the

province of Cavite. Of this figure, MSMEs represented 99.47% with 37,803

establishments while large enterprises represented 0.53% with 201

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establishments. Micro enterprises comprised 91.07% (34,612) of the total number

of MSMEs while small and medium enterprises accounted for 7.98% (3,034) and

0.41% (157), respectively

Medium Small Large
0% 8% 1%

Micro
91%

Small Large Micro Medium

Figure 37. Percentage Distribution of MSME by Classification, Province of

Cavite: 2013

Source: City/Municipal Planning & Development Offices, Cavite

There are 47.52% of MSMEs which are engaged in the wholesale and retail

trade with 18,060 business establishments while 11.91% (4,526) and 11.87%

(4,511) are in the manufacturing and accommodation and food services,

respectively (Figure 6.16). MSMEs in other services activities represent 8.04%

(3,057), and those involved in information and communication account for 6.50%

(2,469) Figure 3). Other MSMEs (14.16%) are engaged in financial and insurance

activities (1,263); human health and social work activities (1,123); education (991);

professional, scientific and technical activities (557); arts, entertainment, and

recreation (467); administrative and support service activities (423); real estate

activities (166); agriculture, fishery and fishing (149); transport and storage (103);

construction (85); water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation

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activities (45); electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply (5); and mining

and quarrying (4).

The evident increase of users of the motorcycle had a great impact on the

nature of MSMEs. A lot of establishments engaged in the sales of motorcycles and

their parts. The rampant use of motorcycles is a sign that people now prefer to

have their means of transportation rather than taking public transport because of

the increasing amount of fare and uncontrollable traffic in some areas. The people

also find convenience in using their transportation thru the motorcycles.

Other Service Accomodation

Activities and Food
Other MSMEs 8% Service
Information and
13% Activieties
Communication
11%
13%

Manufacturing
11%

Wholesale and
Retail Trade:
Repair of Motor
Vehicles and
Motorcycles
44%

Figure 38. Percentage Distribution of MSME by Industry, Province of

Cavite: 2013

Source: City / Municipal Planning & Development Offices, Cavite

Top Companies that will occupy the Colab Corporate Place:

BPOs (Business Process Outsourcing Companies)/Call Center Companies

 Access Worldwide Communications Inc.

 Affiliated Computer Services

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 APAC Customer Services

 Convergys Corporation

 Dell

 Headstrong Company

 IBM

 Innodata Isogen

 iSys Global Information Technology Services

 JP Morgan Chase

 Megaworld Corporation

 Phil-Am Outsourcing Solutions Inc.

 Philippine National Construction Corporation

 Rainmaker

 Sitel

 StarTek

 SupportSave

 Sutherland

 Sykes Enterprises

 Teleperformance

 TeleTech

 Telus

Information Technology

 Accenture

 Asiatech Global Innovation Co. Ltd.

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 Codelean Inc.

 DataOne Asia Philippines Inc.

 Headstrong

 IMB

 Indra Philippines

 inWrite

 iSys Global Information Technology Services

 Microsoft

 Misys

 Trend Micro

Banking

 Allied Bank

 Banco de Oro Universal Bank

 Bank of the Philippine Islands

 China Banking Corporation

 Development Bank of the Philippines

 East West Bank

 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited

 Land Bank of the Philippines

 Metropolitan Bank and Trust Complany

 Philippine Bank of Communications

 Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation

 Security Bank

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 Union Bank of the Philippines

Telecommunications

 Bayan Telecommunications Inc.

 Digital Telecommunications Philippines

 Globe Telecom

 Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company

 Red Mobile

 Smart Communications

 Sun Cellular

 Talk ‘n Text

 Touch Mobile

Real Estate Company

 ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corp.

 Ayala Corp.

 Ayala Land Inc.

 Banco de Oro Unibank

 Bank of the Philippine Islands

 Globe Telecom

 Jollibee Foods Corp.

 Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co.

 San Miguel Corporation

 SM Prime Holdings

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