IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM A. 0.43 B. 0.

65
Impulse (I) is product between the force (F) C. 0.44 D. 0.54
applied on a body and the time (t) it was
applied. TEST YOURSELF:
I=Ft 1. A 1500N block is in contact with a level
plane whose coefficient of kinetic friction is
Momentum (M) is product between mass (m) 0.10. If the block is acted upon a horizontal
of the body and its velocity (V). force of 250N, what time will elapse before the
M=mV block reaches a velocity of 14.5m/s starting
RELATION BETWEEN IMPULSE AND from rest?
MOMENTUM A. 22.2 s B. 11.1s
Every material particle has momentum (M) C. 25.5s D. 33.3s
when it is in motion and impulse (I) produces
a change in momentum. 2. A horizontal force of 1500N pushes a 100N
block up an incline whose slop is 3 vertical to
4 horizontal. If coefficient of friction is 0.20,
determine the time required to increase the
W velocity of the block from 3 to 15m/s.
∑ Fx (t) = (V − V0 )
g A. 2.11s B. 1.78s
C. 1.25s D. 1.65s
F(t) = m(V − V0 )
F = force; t = time; m = mass 3. A 1500N block is in contact with a level
mVO = initial momentum plane whose coefficient of kinetic friction is
mV = final momentum 0.10 and is moving horizontally by an initial
VO = initial velocity; V = final velocity velocity of 14.5m/s. How much longer will the
block continue to move until it completely
Impulse and momentum are vector quantities stops?
A. 18.4s B. 8.41s
EXAMPLES: C. 4.18s D. 14.8s
1. A 60 ton rail car moving at 1 mile/hr is
coupled to a secondary stationary rail car. If 4. A 21900 kg fire truck designed for rapid
the velocity of the two cars after coupling is response to airport emergencies, accelerates
1ft/s (in the original direction of motion) and from rest to 80kph in 35 sec. If you assumed as
the coupling is completed in 0.5 second, what a first approximation that the tangential force
is the average impulsive force on the 60 ton exerted on the vehicle is constant, what is the
rail car? magnitude of the force applied to the vehicle
A. 50 lbf B. 3500 lbf during the 3 sec?
C. 1200 lbf D. 60 lbf A. 12900N B. 14900HP
C. 13900N D. 15600HP
2. What momentum does a 40 lbm projectile
pose if the projectile is moving at 420 mph? 5. A crate is placed on an inclined plane which
A. 24,640 lbf-sec B. 16,860 lbf-sec makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal and
C. 765 lbf-sec D. 523.6 lbf-sec is supported by a cable attached to the winch
placed at the top of the inclined plane. The
3. A ball strikes the floor vertically and crate has a mass of 120kg. The velocity of the
rebounds with a coefficient of restitution of crate when it has moved 2m up the inclined
0.80. If the mass of the ball is 0.011 slug and its plane is 1.84m/s. Find the time for the crate to
velocity is 5ft/s just before it hits, compute the move up 2m the inclined plane.
momentum of the ball as it leaves the floor? A. 1.84s B. 2.17s
C. 3.14s D. 4.36s
6. What is the impulse delivered to a catcher's TEST YOURSELF:
mitt by a 360 g ball that is traveling at 100 1. A 2000 lb. shell is fired from a gun weighing
km/h and is then stopped by the catcher in .01 300000 lb. If the muzzle velocity of the shell is
s? 1500 fps and the recoil of the gun is checked
A. 301Ns B. 130Ns by a nest of springs having a modulus of 2000
C. -103Ns D. -130Ns lb. per inch, what is the recoil velocity of the
gun?
LAW ON CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM A. 5 fps B. 10 fps
Total momentum before=Total momentum C. 20 fps D. 25 fps
after
m1 V1 + m2 V2 = m1 V1′ + m2 V2 ′ 2. A 60 ton rail car moving at 1 mile/hr is
instantaneously coupled to a stationary 40 ton
rail car. What is the speed of the coupled cars?
A. 0.88 mph B. 1 mph
C. 0.6 mph D. 0.4 mph

3. A 1000 lb. shell is fired from a 200000 lb.

cannon with a velocity of 2000 fps. Find the
modulus of a nest of springs that will limit the
recoil of the cannon to 3ft.
Coefficient of Restitution (e) – negative ratio A. 72000 lb/ft B. 56000 lb/ft
between the relative velocities of two colliding C. 69000 lb/ft D. 49000 lb/ft
objects after and before they collide.
Coefficient of restitution always lies between 0 4. Direct central impact occurs between a 20lb
and 1. body moving with a velocity of 10 fps and 30
−V1′ − V2′ V2′ − V1′ lb. body moving in the opposite direction with
e= →e=
V1 − V2 V1 − V2 a velocity of 6 fps. The 20 lb. body rebounds in
Perfectly elastic bodies conserves the kinetic the opposite direction with a velocity of 5 fps.
energy after the collision, (relative velocities Compute the amount and direction of the
before and after the collision are equal), e=1. velocity of the 30 lb. body.
Perfectly inelastic bodies stick together after A. 2 fps to the left B. 2 fps to the right
the collision, thus, V1′ = V2 ′ hence, e=0. C. 4 fps to the left D. 4 fps to the right

EXAMPLES: 5. A 10g block slides with a velocity of 20cm/s

1. A 16 gram mass is moving at 30cm/sec on a smooth level surface and makes a
while a 4 gram mass is moving in an opposite collision with a 30g block moving in the
direction at 50cm/sec. They collide head on opposite direction with a velocity of 10cm/s. If
and stick together. Their velocity after the collision is perfectly elastic, what is the
collision is? velocity of the 30g block after the collision?
A. 0.14 m/s B. 0.21 m/s A. 15 cm/s B. 10 cm/s
C. 0.07 m/s D. 0.28 m/s C. 5 cm/s D. 20 cm/s

2. A 588.6 kN car moving at 1km/hr

instantaneously collides a stationary 392.4 kN
car. If the collision is perfectly inelastic, what
is the velocity of the cars after collision?
A. 0.50 kph B. 0.40 kph
C. 0.60 kph D. 0.80 kph
HEIGHT OF nth REBOUND FOR BODIES the ground does the ball reach on its first
BOUNCING BACK AND FORTH bounce?
A. 1m B. 2m
C. 3m D. 4m

3. As a check of the basketball before the start

of the game, the referee releases the ball from
the overhead position of 2100mm and the ball
rebounds to about waist level of 1100mm.
Determine the coefficient of restitution.
A. 0.274 B. 0.427
h01 h2
e=√ =√ C. 0.472 D. 0.724
h02 h1
WORK
e=coefficient of restitution between the floor Definition: work is simply defined as the
& the bouncing body (example, a ball) product of force and distance.
hn = height of the nth rebound
h0 = initial height

EXAMPLES:
1. A golf ball is dropped from a height of 20 ft
upon a hardened steel plate. The coefficient of W = work done
restitution is 0.894. Find the height to which F = force applied
the ball rebounds on the first, second and third S = distance traveled by the object
bounces. WORK FORCE DISTANCE
A. 15.98ft B. 12.78ft Joule Newton Meter
C. 10.21ft D. 20ft Erg Dyne Centimeter
Foot-Pound Pound Foot
2. A ball is dropped from a height of h above a
smooth floor. How high will it rebound if the EXAMPLES:
coefficient of restitution between the ball and 1. A person is performing a lift against a 400 N
the floor is 0.80? load. The load moves vertically through a
A. 0.80hd B. 0.64hd distance of 20 cm. How much work was done
C. 0.74hd D. 0.54hd on the load?
A. 20J B. 40J
TEST YOURSELF: C. 60J D. 80J
1. A ball is dropped from a building at a height
of 1000mm to a frictionless floor. Knowing 2. If a force of 14.7 N is used to drag the loaded
that the ball hits the floor at a distance of cart along the incline for a distance of 0.90
150mm from the base of the building. And that meters, then how much work is done on the
the coefficient of restitution between the ball loaded cart?
and the floor is 0.85. A. 31.2 J B. 12.3 J
A. 0.255m B. 0.522m C. 13.2 J D. 21.3 J
C. 0.252m D. 0.255m
TEST YOURSELF:
2. A 0.45 kg soccer ball is 1m above the ground 1. What work is done when an object is
when it is kicked upward at 12m/s. If the lowered 1.80 m if the object has a mass of 700
coefficient of restitution between the ball and kg?
the ground is 0.6, what maximum height above A. 32611 J B. 12361 J
C. 23611 J D. 61123 J
3. How much work is done to stop an 90 kg 0.45 meters, then what is the potential energy
football player who is running at 8.5 m/s, of the loaded cart at the height of the seat-top?
horizontally, and you do not have to knock him A. 31.2 J B. 12.3 J
down? C. 13.2 J D. 21.3 J
A. 3251J B. 2513J
C. -3251J D. -2513J 3. A girl runs up a 5 meter high flight of stairs
and she has 1000 J of potential energy at the
4. A force of 200 lbf acts on a block at an angle top. Calculate her mass.
of 28° with respect to horizontal. The block is A. 20.41 kg B. 14.20 kg
pushed 2 feet horizontally. What is the work C. 12.40 kg D. 10.24 kg
done by this force?
A. 320J B. 480 J KINETIC ENERGY
C. 540 J D. 215 J Kinetic Energy (KE) – energy possessed by an
object by virtue of its motion.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
Energy – the capacity or ability to do work. Kinetic energy for bodies having linear
Potential Energy (PE) – energy possessed by motion:
an object by virtue of its position, relative to 1
KE = mV 2
ground. 2
M = mass of the moving body
V = linear velocity of the body

Kinetic energy for bodies having rotational

motion:
1
KE = Iw 2
2
I = mass moment of inertia of the rotating
EXAMPLES: body
1. A 10kg block is raised vertically 3 meters. w = angular velocity of the body
What is the change in potential energy?
Answer in SI units is closest to? EXAMPLES:
A. 320 J B. 350 kg-m^2/s^2 1. What is the kinetic energy of a 2 kg ball that
C. 294 J D. 350 N-m travels a distance of 50 meters in 5 seconds?
A. 50J B. 25J
2. A 12 kg cat who is resting on a tree has a C. 75J D. 100J
potential energy of 50 J. Calculate its position
(height) relative to the ground. TEST YOURSELF:
A. 0.34m B. 3.04m 1. A person is performing a lift against a 400 N
C. 4.03m D. 0.43m load. If the load was moving at 7.0 m/s after
moving 10 cm, what was its total energy,
TEST YOURSELF: kinetic energy, and potential energy at this
1. If a 10kg piece of copper falls 100m, how point (assume that the load started 50 cm
much heat might be produced? from the ground)?
A. 3.81 kCal B. 32 BTU A. 1240J B. 1420J
C. 2300 Cal D. 9.41 kJ C. 1024J D. 2041J

2. A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at 2. A 55 kg person moves at the constant speed
constant speed along an inclined plane to the of 7 m/s along a straight stretch of track. What
height of a seat-top. If the mass of the loaded is the person's kinetic energy?
cart is 3.0 kg and the height of the seat top is A. 1438 J B. 4831 J
C. 1348 J D. 3481 J C. 65.2 m/s D. 24.3 m/s

3. What is the kinetic energy of a 4000 lb 3. A rubber ball is dropped into a concrete
automobile which is moving at 44ft/sec. floor from a height of 2m. It rebounds to a
A. 1.21 x 10^5 ft-lb B. 2.10 x 10^5 ft-lb height of 1.6m. how much is the fraction of
C. 1.80 x 10^5 ft-lb D. 1.12 x 10^5 ft-lb energy did it loose in the process of striking
the floor?
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY A. 0.40 B. 0.30
- Energy cannot be created nor destroyed but C. 0.20 D. 0.45
it can be changed from one form to another.
4. How high would you have to drop an 80 N
object so that it will have a kinetic energy of
2000 J when it hit the ground?
A. 15m B. 20m
C. 30m D. 25m

1 POWER
PE = KE → mgh = mV 2
2 -Power is the rate of using energy.
Energy or Work
V = √2gh Power =
Time
EXAMPLES: Power needed to pull an object of mass m to
1. A car is at rest on a sloping driveway. By vertical distance h over a period of time t:
accident a small child releases the brake of the mgh Wh
P= =
car. How fast will the car be moving when it t t
reaches the street? The street is 2m below the
Power needed to move an object to a distance
original position of the car.
S with a speed V using a force F over a period
A. 4.56 m/s B. 3.76 m/s
of time t:
C. 6.26 m/s D. 10.5 m/s
FS
P= = FV
2. How high will a 30 kg object travel after it is t
released if it is released with a vertical velocity
SYSTEM OF UNITS POWER
of 2.0 m/s?
SI or mks Joules/sec or Watt
A. 0.3082m B. 0.8032m
C. 0.2038m D. 0.2830m Cgs Ergs/sec
English or fps Pound-ft/sec
TEST YOURSELF: ergs
1. A solid cylinder is placed at the top of a 30 1W = 1x107
degree incline. When released, it freely rolls sec
1 HP = 550 lb-ft/sec=33000lb-ft/min=746W
down. What will be its linear speed at the foot
of the incline which is 1.5m below the initial Power needed to pump out water to a distance
position of the cylinder? h over a period of time t:
A. 4.40 m/s B. 2.76 m/s Wh
C. 5.32 m/s D. 2.52 m/s P= → P = Qγh
t
2. A roller starts from rest at the highest point Q = volumetric flow of the water
of the track 30m above the ground. What 𝛾 = specific weight of water
speed will it have at ground level if the effect lbs N
γ = (62.4 3 or 9810 3 )
of friction is neglected? ft m
A. 35.6 m/s B. 58.8 m/s
h = vertical distance
EXAMPLES: 5. How much power is present when a force of
1. An aircraft engine develops a forward thrust 500 N is applied to an object with a mass of
of 15000N. If the gross mass of the aircraft is 100 kg that is moving at 6 m/s?
100 tons, what horsepower does the engine A. 1000W B. 3000W
develop if it is flying at 1000 kph? C. 2000W D. 4000W
A. 150,000 B. 5585
C. 5400 D. 3108 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK AND
ENERGY
2. A conveyor belt of length 15m is at 15 - The net work done on an object always
degrees with respect to the ground or produces a change in kinetic energy of the
horizontal. It can hold 4000kg of ore over the object.
total length and it travels the distance of its
length in 10 seconds. Calculate the power
rating of the motor in kW that drives the
conveyor.
A. 152.25kW B. 147.74 kW
C. 200.65kW D. 128.55kW Total Work Done = 𝛥KE
(+) Work– (−) Work = KEFINAL − KEINITIAL
TEST YOURSELF: 1 1
1. A 21900 kg fire truck designed for rapid P(S) − F(S) = mV 2 − m(V0 )2
2 2
response to airport emergencies, accelerates
from rest to 80kph in 35 sec. If you assumed as EXAMPLES:
a first approximation that the tangential force 1. A rocket is moving through a vacuum. It
exerted on the vehicle is constant, what changes its velocity from 9020 ft/sec to 5100
average horsepower is transferred to the ft/sec in 48 seconds. How much power is
vehicle? required to accomplish this if the rocket’s
A. 550HP B. 414HP mass is 13000 slugs?
C. 320HP D. 230HP A. 1.63x10^7 HP B. 3.16x10^7 HP
C. 3.61x10^7 HP D. 1.36x10^7 HP
2. A motor drives a hoist which lifts a 3 ton
load a distance of 40 feet in 50 seconds. What TEST YOURSELF:
is the power supplied to the hoist if its 1. A train weighing 1000kN is being pulled up
efficiency is 45%? a 2% grade. The train’s resistance is 5N/kN.
A. 21345 B. 13245 Traveling the distance of 300m the speed of
C. 10667 D. 14657 the train was increased from 6m/s to 12m/s.
What is the maximum power developed by the
3. An electric motor driven conveyor belt is locomotive?
required to take 2200 pounds of dirt, rocks, etc A. 520.4 kW B. 430.5 kW
per minute from an excavation site and raises C. 132.8 kW D. 521.7 kW
it 15 ft vertically. If all friction in the machinery
is neglected, what HP of motor is required? 2. A car with a mass of 1500kg starts from rest
A. 2HP B. 1.5 HP at the bottom of a 10% grade and acquires a
C. 1 HP D. 1.25 HP speed of 50 kph in a distance of 100m with
constant acceleration up the grade. What is the
4. A person is performing a lift against a 400 N power P delivered to the drive wheels by the
load. The load moves vertically through a engine when the car reaches this speed?
distance of 20 cm in a time of 0.25 s. What is A. 44.50 kW B. 50.44 kW
the person's average power during the lift? C. 54.40 kW D. 40.54 kW
A. 230W B. 320W
C. 203W D. 302W
NEWTONS LAW ON ANGULAR MOTION POWER DEVELOPED BY A ROTATING BODY
- An unbalanced torque about an axis produces P=2πNT
an angular acceleration, about that axis, which
is directly proportional to the torque and POWER (P) SPEED (N) TORQUE (T)
inversely proportional to the rotational inertia watts rps or rev/s N-m
of the body about the same axis. lb-ft/s rps lb-ft
T = Iα = FR → I = mk 2
2πNT
T=torque P= → N = rpm
60
I=mass moment or rotational inertia of the
body Note: 1HP = 746W
α=angular acceleration 1HP = 550lb-ft/s
m=mass of the body
k=radius of gyration EXAMPLES:
F=force; L=lever arm 1. An electric motor runs with 3600 rpm with
TORQUE ROTATIONAL ANGULAR an measured power consumption of 2000 W.
INERTIA ACCELERATION Compute for the torque.
N-m Kg-m^2 Rad/s^2 A. 3.5 N-m B. 5.3 N-m
Dyn-cm g-cm^2 Rad/s^2 C. 2.5 N-m D. 2.0 N-m
Lb-ft Slug-ft^2 Rad/s^2
TEST YOURSELF:
EXAMPLES: 1. A machine rotates with speed 3000 rev/min
1. A force of 20 N is applied perpendicular to (rpm) and consumes 5 kW. Calculate for the
the end of a bar of length 0.5 m. Calculate the torque.
torque produced by the force. A. 19.5 N-m B. 15.9 N-m
A. 20N-m B. 15N-m C. 51.9 N-m D. 91.5 N-m
C. 10N-m D. 30N-m
2. A car moves with the speed of 1140
TEST YOURSELF: revolutions per minute and has a torque of 70
1. A torque of 30 N m is applied to a disk that pound foot. Calculate the horse power?
has a moment of inertia of 5.0 kg m2. What is A. 15.19 HP B. 51.91 HP
the resulting angular acceleration of the disk? C. 19.15 HP D. 11.95 HP
A. 3.0 rad/s^2 B. 6.0 rad/s^2
C. 4.0 rad/s^2 D. 2.0 rad/s^2 3. The pulley of an old generator set has a
diameter of 20 inches. The belt exerts a pull of
2. A force of 5.0 N is applied tangent to the edge 353 pounds on the pulley. The gen-set runs at
of a disk of radius 0.8 m and mass 3.0 kg. 900 rpm. What is the approximate kW rating
Calculate the torque produced by this force of the gen-set?
and the resulting angular acceleration of the A. 73.650 kW B. 57.360 kW
disk. C. 37.605 kW D. 65.703 kW
A. 4.17 rad/s^2 B. 1.74 rad/s^2
C. 7.14 rad/s^2 D. 7.41 rad/s^2