A RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT ON

“A JURISPRUDENTIAL TRIP THROUGHT HUMAN RIGHTS BASED APPROACH ON

ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES”

SUBMITTED TO:
(Mr. VISHAL BERA)

(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

(FACULTY OF “Legal Writting”)

SUBMITTED BY:

SAGNIK BHATTACHARJEE
ROLL NO.-

A90811118107
BATCH (2018-2023)

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 13TH NOV,2022

AMITY LAW SCHOOL,

AMITY UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA
 DECLARATION

I, Sagnik bhattacharjee, student of B.A.,Ll.B.(H) , hereby declare that the project work
entitled “A JURISPRUDENTIAL TRIP THROUGHT HUMAN RIGHTS BASED
APPROACH ON ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES” submitted to the AMITY Law School,
AMITY University, KOLKATA is a record of an original work done by me under
the guidance of Mr. Vishal Bera, teacher in subject, AMITY Law School, AMITY
University, KOLKATA.

Date: 13TH NOV, 2022

Name: Sagnik Bhattacharjee

Roll No. A90811118107

Batch: B.A., Ll.B.(H) 2018-2023

i
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “A JURISPRUDENTIAL TRIP THROUGHT
HUMAN RIGHTS BASED APPROACH ON ENVIROMENTAL ISSUES .” submitted by
Sagnik Bhattacharjee in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
“Batch” to AMITY Law School, AMITY University, KOLKATA is a record of the
candidate’s own work carried out by him under my supervision. The matter embodied in this
project is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

DATE: 13th NOV,2022 (Mr. Vishal Bera)

Teacher in subject

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would specially like to thank my guide, mentor, Mr. Vishal Bera without whose constant
support and guidance this project would have been a distant reality.

This work is an outcome of an unparalleled infrastructural support that I have received from
AMITY Law School, AMITY University, KOLKATA.
I owe my deepest gratitude to the library staff of the college.

It would never have been possible to complete this study without an untiring support from my
family, especially my parents.

This study bears testimony to the active encouragement and guidance of a host of friends and
well-wishers.

Name:SAGNIK BHTTACAHRJEE
Roll no: A90811118107

Batch: B.A., Ll.B.(H) 2018-2023

iii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AIR All India Reporter

Cri. LJ Criminal Law Journal

HINDU L.R. Hindu Law Reporter

SCC Supreme Court Cases

iv
TABLE OF CASES

v
 CONTENTS

TOPIC PAGE NO.

 DECLARATION i

 CERTIFICATE ii

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv

 TABLE OF CASES v

CHAPTER-I:

CHAPTER-II:

CHAPTER-III:

CHAPTER-IV:

MAJOR FINDINGS

CONCLUSION

SUGGESTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CHAPTER 1

ABSTRACT
The paper examines the human rights-based approach to environmental protection. It deals with the
potential benefits as well as risks and drawbacks of deploying human rights approach to climate
change and environmental degradation, various regional arrangements put in place for the promotion
and protection of human rights with special focus on environmental rights. It also dwells on
recognition of environmental rights in various constitutions of States in the international community.
It is submits that the advantages of the human rights approach far outweigh the disadvantages. It
recommends the recognition of environmental rights as human rights nationally and internationally
and their being constitutionalized in majority of States in the global community in order to alleviate
the effects of climate change and environmental degradation in general since the adoption of the
human rights approach would constitute a powerful and effective weapon in the hands of affected
individuals, groups, NGOs, and even States, in seeking redress with respect to environmental rights.

ii
 CHAPTER 2
INTRODUCTION

Ziemer has stated that with

“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
iii
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
iv
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that

v
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
vi
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
vii
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
viii
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental

ix
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.

x
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.

xi
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
xii
 1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
xiii
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
xiv
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to

xv
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
xvi
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
xvii
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to

xviii
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political

xix
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights

xx
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
xxi
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
xxii
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of

xxiii
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
xxiv
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction

xxv
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by

xxvi
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
xxvii
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that

xxviii
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
xxix
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
xxx
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
xxxi
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental

xxxii
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.

xxxiii
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.

xxxiv
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
xxxv
 1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
xxxvi
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
xxxvii
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to

xxxviii
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
xxxix
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
xl
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to

xli
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political

xlii
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights

xliii
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Introduction
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
xliv
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
xlv
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of

xlvi
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
xlvii
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international community.
Ziemer has stated that with "increasingly severe and widespread environmental
degradation" in the world, "new tools are needed to respond to environmental harm" as
"Traditional international environmental law has little to offer individuals harmed by such
damage."! Consequently, individuals "whose health or livelihood is threatened" by
environmental pollution, "have little recourse under international environmental laws" and
those who are most adversely affected "by environmental degradation are often ethnic
minority groups or indigenous peoples who are effectively excluded from political
participation or redress under their nation's laws." The learned scholar then asserts that:

xlviii
Linking human rights with the environment creates a rights-based approach to environmental
protection that places the people harmed by environmental degradation at its center. Articulating the
fundamental environmental rights of peoples creates the opportunity to secure those rights through
human rights.

xlix
 CHAPTER 3

International conventions, treaties and laws

Initially, the subject of protection of nature and environment was not taken seriously by any
international or national organizations or by any government. Since 1972 onward continues efforts are
made for the protection of environment. Various international conventions, treaties and laws have
been made for the protection of environment, some of them are discussed below.
 Stockholm Declaration (1972)
UN conference on human environment in Stockholm (Sweden) in 1972, brings mankind closure to
environment in which declaration on the human environment was adopted. 1972 marks a landmark
year in the history of environmental laws and is considered as environment movement in the world.
Principle 1[1] of the Stockholm declaration established an interrelation between environmental law
and human rights. After this declaration UNEP was set up, a dedicated organization for the protection
of human rights and environment.
 Rio Declaration (1992)
The united nations conference on environment and development in 1992 restate the Stockholm
declaration of 1972. Rio declaration formulates a link between human rights and environmental laws.
Declaration adopted a set of principles for the sustainable development, these principles define the
right of people to live in healthy environment and their responsibility to protect the environment.
Declaration links right to development and right to live in healthy, clean, and sound environment and
reaffirms interdependence of all human rights and environment protection. Rio declaration is a
milestone that set a new agenda for sustainable development.
 Word Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)
World summit on sustainable development was held in Johannesburg and its main idea is to focus the
world’s attention to sustainable growth for the better future without compromising the present need. It
mainly focuses on implementation rather than new treaties and targets. The main issues discussed
were gender equality, democratic society, good governance and enhance international cooperation for
protection of environment.
Besides these conferences some progress made in the form of resolutions and debates by international
organizations, human right bodies and special agencies working for the betterment of world and
environment. UNGA in its resolution in 1990 observed that environment protection is very important
for the enjoyment of basic human rights. Special rapporteur on human rights and the environment of
2012 emphasis on environmental consciousness for state to provide environment protection.

Provisions of human rights and environmental law in india

Right to safe environment has been mentioned in Indian Constitution under Article 21 of Right to life.
Indian Constitution states that every person has fundamental right to live in a clean environment. It is
made clear by the constitution that environmental rights and human rights are essential for each other.
Importance of environmental law is mentioned in Directive Principal of State Policy under Article
48a. Article 48a states that state must try hard to protect and preserve the environment. Indian
constitution focuses not only on the interrelation between human rights and environmental also but
also make sure that measures must be taken by both the state to sustain and protect the flora and fauna
of the country. Indian Constitution explains that clean environment is not only fundamental right of
the citizens but also their fundamental duty. Article 51(g) of the Indian Constitution states the duty of
every citizen to protect and preserve nature of the country in form of forests and water bodies along
with not harming any wildlife. Indian Constitution, very elegantly, lays down how there is
interrelation between environmental law and human rights. In Sachidanand Pandey v. state of West
Bengal[ 1987 AIR 1109, 1987 SCR (2) 223], supreme court observed that whenever problems related
to environment comes before court, the court is bound to keep in mind article 48(A) and article
51A(g).

l
 CHAPTER 4

Role of Judiciary on Protecting Environment

Although numerous legislative steps have been taken to protect environment and basic human rights,
but courts and tribunals plays an important role in interpretating the legislature and development of
environment jurisprudence. Indian judiciary plays a vital role in protection of fundamental rights.
There are various judgements that clearly highlights the role of judiciary in protection of environment.
In Francis Coralie Mullin vs. Union Territory[ 1981 AIR 746, 1981 SCR (2) 516], supreme court
held that right to life under article 21 of Indian constitution includes right to live with human dignity.
In M. C. Mehta vs. UOI[ 1987 AIR 1086, 1987 SCR (1) 819], supreme court held that life, health,
and environment have priorities over unemployment and gives more importance to environmental
problems. Right to a wholesome environment was included under right to life in article 21 by supreme
court judgment in Charan Lal Sahu case. In a landmark case of Subhash Kumar vs. State. of
Bihar[ 1991 AIR 420, 1991 SCR (1) 5
], supreme court held that fundamental right to life under article 21 of Indian constitution includes
right to live in pollution free and clean environment and enjoyment of pollution free water and air for
full enjoyment of life. The Indian judiciary played a remarkable job to raise the environmental issue
and protect the rights to citizens and including right to clean and healthy environment in the
framework of fundamental rights to provide remedies to the victims of environmental law. There is a
long list of cases in which supreme court recognized the right to healthy and sound environment as a
part of human right and provides remedy to the victims of environmental law

li
Ziemer has stated that with
“increasingly severe and
widespread environmental
degradation” in the world,
“new tools are needed to
respond to environmental
harm” as
“[t]raditional international
environmental law has little to
offer individuals harmed by
such
1
damage.” Consequently,
individuals “whose health
or livelihood is threatened”
by

lii
environmental pollution,
“have little recourse under
international environmental
laws” and
those who are most
adversely affected “by
environmental degradation
are often ethnic
minority groups or
indigenous peoples who
are effectively excluded
from political
participation or redress under
2
their nation’s laws.” The
learned scholar then asserts
that:
liii
Linking human rights with the
environment creates a rights-
based approach to
environmental protection
that places the people
harmed by environmental
degradation at its center.
Articulating the fundamental
environmental rights of
peoples creates the opportunity
to secure those rights
through human rights
bodies in an international
forum. This has particular
force for those groups that

liv
are most vulnerable to
environmental harm and least
able to access political
remedies within their own
3
countries.
The paper looks into the
human rights-based approach
to environmental protection,
the potential benefits as well as
risks and drawbacks of
deploying human rights
approach to
climate change and
environmental degradation,
various regional arrangements
put in place
lv
for the promotion and
protection of human rights
with special focus on
environmental rights.
It also dwells on recognition of
environmental rights in various
constitutions of States in the
international c

lvi
 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE PROJECT

Failure in protection of healthy environment clearly affects full enjoyment of human rights. The
relation between human rights and environment not only helps in sustainable development but also
strengthens the human right system and enables the expansion of scope of human rights protection in
the area of environment. Human rights and environment are interlinked so human rights are protected
only when the environment is protected.  In India, the courts are extremely cautious about the
environmental and human rights, considering the loss of nature cannot be renewed. In India judiciary
tries to bridge the gap and link human rights with environment laws. Despite various laws and
legislature, environmental problems are still not solved. Proper implementations of laws and regular
inspection is required for sustainable development. Law commission of India in its 186 th report made
proposal for constitution of environment court with special judge to deal with environment cases,
hence the creation of environment courts and strengthening the hands of judiciary is the need of an
hour. It is time to recognize those who pollute environment not only harm the environment but also
violate human rights.

1
 CONCLUSION

Failure in protection of healthy environment clearly affects full enjoyment of human rights. The
relation between human rights and environment not only helps in sustainable development but also
strengthens the human right system and enables the expansion of scope of human rights protection in
the area of environment. Human rights and environment are interlinked so human rights are protected
only when the environment is protected.  In India, the courts are extremely cautious about the
environmental and human rights, considering the loss of nature cannot be renewed. In India judiciary
tries to bridge the gap and link human rights with environment laws. Despite various laws and
legislature, environmental problems are still not solved. Proper implementations of laws and regular
inspection is required for sustainable development. Law commission of India in its 186 th report made
proposal for constitution of environment court with special judge to deal with environment cases,
hence the creation of environment courts and strengthening the hands of judiciary is the need of an
hour. It is time to recognize those who pollute environment not only harm the environment but also
violate human rights.

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 SUGGESTIONS

“Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality, and adequate

conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of
dignity and well-being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect
and improve the environment for present and future generations”
Therefore, we are responsible for our own works. At the end of the day if we keep the society clean
then, we only will live a clean life.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Books: Rights-based approaches Exploring issues and opportunities for conservation

 Articles:

 Websites:

1. https://www.ijlmh.com/paper/intersection-between-human-rights-and-
environmental-law-the-scenario-in-india/
2. http://bit.ly/3hGvBZj

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