Exercise 4: Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of the sentences

1. I received two job offers. I accepted neither of them.

I received two job offers, of which I acceped neither.

2. The police blocked off the road. That caused a traffic jam.

The police blocked off the road, which caused a traffic jam.

3. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.

The village has around 200 people, the majority of who are famer.

4. The car crashed into a queue of people. Four of them were killed.

The car crashed into a queue of people, four of who were killed.

5. The roads were crowded with refugees. Many of them were wounded.

. The roads were crowded with refugees, many of which were wounded.

6. The company has a new business plan. The aim of it is to save money.

The company has a new business plan, the aim of which is to save money.

7. He wanted to come at 2 a.m. This didn’t suit me at all.

He wanted to come at 2 a.m, which didn’t suit me at all.

8. I met with many experts in the seminar last night. The most distinguished of them was Richard.

I met with many experts in the seminar last night, the most distinguished of who was Richard.

9. Fraud detectives are investigating the company. Three of its senior executives have already been

arrested.

Fraud detectives are investigating the company, three of which senior executives have already been

arrested.

10. The street I live in is very noisy at night. This makes it difficult to sleep sometimes.

The street I live in is very noisy at night, which makes it difficult to sleep sometimes.

11. The building was destroyed in a fire. The cause of it was never established.

The building was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which was never established.

12. Our flight was delayed. This meant we had to wait three hours at the airport.

Our flight was delayed, meant we had to wait three hours at the airport.

13. There were two small rooms in the beach house. The smaller of them served as a kitchen.

There were two small rooms in the beach house, the small of which served as a kitchen.
14. The horse kept stopping to eat grass. I was on the horse. This annoyed the riding instructor.

The horse i was on, kept stopping to eat grass, which annoyed the riding instructor.

15. Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests

were wearing evening dress

Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of which were wearing
evening dress.

Exercise 5: Reduce relative clauses to phrases

The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone to play with.

2. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.

The Queen Elizabeth built is the largest to build on the Clyde.

3. The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.

The fifth man interviewed, was entirely unsuitable.

4. She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.

She is the only woman appointed to the board.

5. I have some homework that I must do tonight.

I have some homeword to do tonight.

6. Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.

Only a few of the movie shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.

7. Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and

agricultural state.

Arizona .

8. A knuckle is a point that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.

A knuckle is a point connecting a finger to the rest of the hand .

9. Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water.

Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap contaning 70 percent of the earth’s fresh water.

10. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.

Only a small fraction of the eggs laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.

11. None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly
man who was slumped in the door way.

None of the pedestrians walked up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly

man who was slumped in the door way.

12. Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus.

Food passing from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube called the esophagus.

13. Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the

wild.

Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the

wild.

14. The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck

and Mickey Mouse.

The children attended a special movie program consisted of cartoons featured Donald Duck

and Mickey Mouse.

15. The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the

Incan culture.

. The Indians living in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the

Incan culture.

16. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world’s oldest sciences.

Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the world’s oldest sciences.

17. Jasmine, which is a tiny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

Jasmine, a tiny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

18. Jasmine, which is a tiny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

Jasmine, a tiny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.

19. Marie Curie, who was the scientist who discovered radium, was awarded a Nobel prize for her work.

Marie Curie, the scientist who discovered radium, was awarded a Nobel prize for her work.

20. I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the

motel.

I was awakened by the sound of laughter caming from the room which was next to mine at the

motel.
21. In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water,

and sugar.

In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, a drink made from lemon juice, water,

and sugar.

22. Workable solutions for global environment issues can be quickly found, which also contributes to

increasing their prestige in the international arena.

Workable solutions for global environment issues to be quickly found, which also contributes to

increasing their prestige in the international arena.

23. I know some people who work in computing and who could therefore probably help you.

I know some people working in computing and to help you.

24. People should take regular exercise which helps strengthen the heart, which reduces the risk of
heart attack.

People should take regular exercise helping strengthen the heart, reducing the risk of heart attack.

25. Diets that are high in saturated fat clog up our arteries, which reduces the blood flow to our hearts

and brains.

Diets being high in saturated fat clog up our arteries reducing the blood flow to our hearts

and brains.