Spanish

Week 2
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives ending in –o
Many of the most common Spanish adjectives end in –o. Each adjective must agree with
the noun it modifies. Adjectives that end in –o have four forms. Study the following.
el mercado moderno los mercados modernos
la casa moderna las casas modernas
el puente bonito los puentes bonitos
la fuente bonita las fuentes bonitas
Note that descriptive adjectives often follow the noun in Spanish. Below is a list of sound commonly used
adjectives.
agrio sour extranjero foreign
agudo sharp feo ugly
alto tall frío cold
amargo bitter gordo fat
amarillo yellow hermoso beautiful
ancho wide largo long
barato cheap limpio clean
blanco white loco crazy
bonito pretty malo bad
bueno good moderno modern
caro expensive mucho much, many
cómodo comfortable negro black
corto short rico rich
delgado thin rojo red
delicioso delicious sucio dirty
duro hard viejo old
estrecho narrow
22
Foreign Language
Adjectives Ending in-e

Many adjectives end in the vowel-e. Such adjectives have only two forms, singular and plural. To
form the plural of an adjective ending in –e, an –s is added.
el campo grande los campos grandes

la casa grande las casas grandes
Below is a list of commonly used adjectives that end in-e.
elegante elegant impresionante impressive

enorme enormous inteligente intelligent
excelente excellent interesante interesting
fuerte strong pobre poor
grande big triste sad
humilde humble verde green
importante important
Adjectives Ending in Consonants

Most adjectives ending in a consonant have only two forms, singular and plural. To form the
plural of an adjective ending in consonants, -es is added.
el chico popular los chicos populares
la chica popular las chicas populares
Rewrite the following sentences in the plural according to the model.
1. La lección es fácil.
2. El campo es fértil.
3. La nube es gris.
4. El deporte es popular.
5. La profesora es joven.
23
Foreign Language
Adjectives of Nationality
Many adjectives of nationality end in –o. These adjectives function the same as any regular –o
adjective and have four forms.
el mercado mexico los mercados mexicanos
la ciudad mexicana las ciudades mexicanas
May other adjectives of nationality end in a consonant. Unlike regular adjectives ending in a consonant,
they also have four forms. Note that the adjectives that end in –s or –n carry a written accent in the
masculine singular.
un señor inglés unos señores ingleses

una señora inglesa unas señoras inglesas
el muchacho español los muchachos españoles

la muchacha española las muchachas españolas
Special Adjectives Ending in a Consonant

As we have already learned, almost all adjectives ending in a consonant have only two forms,
singular and plural.
un documento oficial dos documentos oficiales
una regla principal dos reglas principales
However, adjectives ending in án, ó𝐧, -or, or –in follow the same pattern as adjectives of
nationality ending in a consonant. They too have four forms.
un señor holgazán a lazy man esos señores holgazanes those lazy men
una señora holgazana a lazy woman esas señoras holgazanas those lazy women
Several commonly used adjectives that fall into this category are:
burlón mocking
charlatán gabby
chiquitín tiny
encantador charming
hablador talkative
trabajador hardworking
holgazán lazy
preguntón inquisitive
24
Foreign Language
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the indicated adjective.
holgazán
1. Ella es muy .
2. Su marido es también.
3. Los hijos también son .
4. Toda la familia es .
Adjectives of Color
The words used to express colors in Spanish can be divided into two groups. The meaning of
certain words such as blanco, gris, verde, rojo, amarillo, azul is the color itself. Since these words are
adjectives, they agree with the noun they modify-the same as any other adjective.
However, many words used in Spanish to express colors of the flower, fruit, or mineral. Some
examples are:
Meaning Color
naranja orange orange
café coffee light ton

marrón chestnut brown
rosa rose pink
vino wine reddish purple
violeta violet purple
Such words as those listed above can be used with the expression (de) color (de). Note too that
with each of these preposition de is optional. One could say any of the following:
flores de color de rosa

flores de color rosa or flores rosa
flores color de rosa
25
Foreign Language
Note that these words do not agree with the noun they modify. They are invariable. This means they do
not change according to number and gender.
pantalones rosa
pantalones marrón
pantalones violeta
pantalones café
pantalones naranja
The preceding words never agree in gender. With the words marrón, however, you will sometimes hear
and see agreement in number, singular versus plural.
pantalones marrón or pantalones marrones
Colors are often modified by another word in expression such as navy blue, light blue, dark blue, or
bright blue. Whenever a color is modified by another word, it becomes invariable. It does not agree with
the noun it modifies in either gender or number. Study the following examples.
una blusa azul marino pantalones azul marino
una blusa azul claro pantalones azul claro
una blusa azul oscuro pantalones azul oscuro
una blusa azul vivo pantalones azul vivo
26

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Week 2

Adjectives Ending in-e

el campo grande los campos grandes

elegante elegant impresionante impressive

Adjectives Ending in Consonants

un señor inglés unos señores ingleses

el muchacho español los muchachos españoles

Special Adjectives Ending in a Consonant

café coffee light ton

flores de color de rosa

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