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UUM509E - Homework 2

This document provides homework problems on deriving equations related to turbulent fluid flow. It includes: 1) Deriving an expression for the material derivative of the product of instantaneous velocity components uiuj starting from the fluctuating momentum equations. 2) Carrying out the derivation of the turbulent kinetic energy equation by following steps to obtain an equation for 1/2uiui in terms of its material derivative and unclosed terms that require modeling. 3) Noting that the turbulence kinetic energy equation contains unclosed terms that need to be modeled.

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Gürkan Sarıkaya
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48 views

UUM509E - Homework 2

This document provides homework problems on deriving equations related to turbulent fluid flow. It includes: 1) Deriving an expression for the material derivative of the product of instantaneous velocity components uiuj starting from the fluctuating momentum equations. 2) Carrying out the derivation of the turbulent kinetic energy equation by following steps to obtain an equation for 1/2uiui in terms of its material derivative and unclosed terms that require modeling. 3) Noting that the turbulence kinetic energy equation contains unclosed terms that need to be modeled.

Uploaded by

Gürkan Sarıkaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UUM 509E SPRING 2017

Homework Problems II
Due March 12, 2017

1. Consider the steps needed to obtain an equation for ui uj starting from L.H.S. of the fluctuating
momentum equations in the form
∂ui ∂ui
+ uk = ...,
∂t ∂xk
∂uj ∂uj
+ uk = ....
∂t ∂xk
Use the product rule of calculus to obtain an expression for the material derivative ui uj .
2. Carry out the derivation of the turbulent kinetic energy equation by following the procedure
below. Begin with the instantaneous momentum equation in the form:
∂ Ũi ∂ Ũi 1 ∂ P̃ ∂ S̃ij
+ Ũj =− + 2ν .
∂t ∂xj ρ ∂xi ∂xj
(a) What assumptions have been made in writing the Navier-Stokes equations in this form?
(b) Show that in constant density flow Sii = 0, and 2∂Sij /∂xj = ∇2 Ui . (Note that these
relations are valid regardless of whether instantaneous, mean or fluctuating velocities are
considered.)
(c) Show that the mean momentum equation can be written as
∂Ui ∂Ui ∂ui 1 ∂P ∂Sij
+ Uj + uj =− + 2ν .
∂t ∂xj ∂xj ρ ∂xi ∂xj
(d) Obtain an equation for the fluctuating part of the velocity, i.e., ui , by subtraction.
(e) Multiply the equation in (d) by ui , and take averages. Write the result in terms of the
material derivative (based on the mean velocity) of 12 ui ui .
(f) Use the continuity equation to re-write the term involving triple products as a transport
term.
(g) Decompose the viscous term into transport and dissipation contributions.
(h) Check that the final result is
 
D 1 ∂ 1 1
ui ui = − uj p + ui ui uj − 2νui sij − ui uj Sij − 2νsij sij , (1)
Dt 2 ∂xj ρ 2
where D/Dt ≡ ∂/∂t + U j ∂/∂xj .
3. In the turbulence kinetic energy equation above, which terms are unclosed and need to be mod-
eled.

Note 1: You must pay very close attention to rules about tensor subscripts in this homework.
Note that subscripts are summed over if they occur twice (in a single term), but they are not
allowed to repeat more than twice.
Note 2: Pages 126-131 of Pope contain material relevant to turbulence kinetic energy subject.
(Although placed in a section on "Round Jets", the equations are general.)

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