MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION (MUMBAI)

INUSTRIAL TRAINING PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED BY

Mr Vinayak Balaji Tatipamde

AT
SHARDA CONSTRUCTION & CORPORATION PVT LTD

GUIDED BY

Mr. Shubham Kadam

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GRAMIN TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT CAMPUS, VISHNUPURI,NANDED

[2022-23]

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(MUMBAI)
Certificate of Completion Of Industrial Training
This is to certify that Mr. VINAYAK BALAJI TATIPAMDE with Enrolment number
2100690114 has successfully completed Industrial Training (22049) in Sharda Construction &
Corporation Pvt Ltd. from 04/07/2022 to 14/08/2022 for partial fulfillment towards completion of
Diploma in Civil Engineering from GRAMIN TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT CAMPUS
VISHNUPURI , NANDED

Institute Code : 0069

Signature Signature

Mentor Head of Department

2
 Abstract

Industrial training offers the students with important practical knowledge and skills and
encourage them in becoming a successful and best professional engineer. The main
objective of the industrial training is to provide the best and relevant theoretical
knowledge, practical knowledge and soft skills to gain in a particular time period.
Industrial training is an important phase of a student life. A well planned, properly
executed and evaluated industrial training helps a lot in developing a professional
attitude. It develops an awareness of industrial approach to problem solving, based on a
broad understanding of process and mode of operation of organization. The aim and
motivation of this industrial training is to receive discipline, skills, teamwork and
technical knowledge through a proper training environment, which will help me, as a
student in the field of Civil Engineering.
In this training we have learn lot of about Civil Engineering, like scope of civil
engineering, importance of SWOT and goal setting, complete profile and information
of a construction company, roles and responsibilities of different departments and their
personnel, importance and use various drawing, different stages and activities involved
in construction of a building, various technology used in modern surveying, roles and
responsibilities of site engineering etc.

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 Acknowledgment
With the deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thanks all the people who have lit our path
with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals who did their best
to help during our project work.
It is our proud privilege to express deep sense of gratitude to, Dr. PAWAR V S Sir ,Principal
of
GRAMIN TECHNICAL AND MANAGEMENT CAMPUS, VISHNUPURI, NANDED, for his
omments and kind permission to complete this project. We remain indebted to Prof. Kawthekar S G
sir H.O.D, Civil Engineering Department for their timely suggestion and valuable guidance.
he special gratitude goes to Prof S.V. Dhule madam staff mentor and technical staff members, of Civil
Engineering Department for their expensive, excellent and precious guidance in completion of this
work.
would also like to thank Training Centre, Sharda Construction & Corporation Pvt Ltd. for providing
an opportunity to undergo training. During my virtual visit to the company and various construction
sites for preparing this Project Report, I learnt many interesting things about the construction
activities.
express my thanks to the Mentor Er. Shubham Kadam for extending his support. We thanks to all the
colleagues for their appreciable help for our working project.
With various industry owners or lab technicians to help, it has been our endeavour to throughout our work
to cover the entire project work.
We also thankful to our parents who provided their wishful support for our project completion in a
successful manner.
And lastly, we thanks to our all friends and the people who are directly or indirectly related to our
project work.

ame: VINAYAK BALAJI

TATIPAMDE

lace: Nanded.

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5
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTE R TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 Organization Structure Of Industry 10

1.1 Introduction

2 Introduction Of Organization 12

2.1 company profile

2.2 Study of different department of organization

3 Types of Major Equipment Used in Industry 17

3.1 Total Station

4 Manufacturing Process Alone With Production 20

4.1 Important Aspects of Concreting Process

4.2 List of work carried out at different stages of construction

in small building

4.3 List of work carried out at different stages of finishing work

in small building

5 Testing of Material Components and Finished Products 22

along with Quality

6
 Assurance procedure

5.1 Tests of concrete

5.2 ingredients in concrete

5.3 Type of concrete

5.4Test carried on concrete

5.5 Slump Cone Test

5.6 Compression test on concrete

6 Major Material Handling products and Material Handling 25

Procedure

6.1 Major material handling products

7 Safety Procedure Followed and safety Gear Used 26

7.1 Role of Site Engineer Building

7.2 General responsibilities of the Site Engineer

7.3 Work activities of Site Engineer

8 Particulars of Practical Experiences in Industry Organization if

any Production/Assembly/Testing/Maintenance

8.1 Types of drawings used in construction

8.2 Submission drawing used for

8.3 Types of reinforcement steel

7
 8.4 Different consultants involved in construction of
Building

8.5 RCC checking stages

8.6 Points to be Remembered

8.7 Important Aspects of Concreting Process

8.8 Checklist format for one RCC structure

9 Short Report/Description of Report 39

9.1 Important conversations.

9.2 Some items of civil engineering work and their units

9.3 Process of marking center of column and footing

9.4 Points remembered Checking

10 Special/Challenging Experience Encountered During 45

Training

10.1 SWOT Analysis.

10.2 GOAL Setting

10.3 Action plan for next 1 year.

10.4 Role of Theory in Practical Knowledge

10.5 Soft skills you need for better future.

10.6 Personal areas to improve bright future.

10.7 Importance of meditation and exercise

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 CHAPTER 1: ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRY

1. 1 Introduction

1.1.1 Importance of industrial Training :

Industrial training improves and enhance knowledge and skill set of engineering
student. Beasts performance of student and helps them to meet career objectives
improves student awareness in single particular technology industrial training also
plays vital role in enhancing technical knowledge, develop soft skills and leaders
leadership skills, managerial. skills Also gives practical Knowledge to student,
Builds confidence in student and make them responsible.

1.1.2 Objectives of Industrial Training

Main objective of industrial training program is to provide student the feel of the
actual working environment and to gain practical knowledge. and skills which in
turn will, motivate develop and build their confidence Another purpose is to instill
the good qualities to of integrity responsibility and self confidence. It also gives an
idea about the site work .

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1.1.3 Opportunities in field of civil engineering

● Construction manager: Bosses of the working site Geotechnical engineer People

who have look out for everything naturerelated.
● Environmental engineer: Prepare review and update environmental supply
schemes investigation reports.
● Public health engineer Plan, implement and maintain rural and urban water.
● Transportation engineer; design highway airports and railway Urban planning
engineer Develop land use plans and programs that help create communities.
● Hydraulics engineer Study effect of water designs for various features which
interact with water.

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 CHAPTER-2 INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY / ORGANIZATION

2.1 Study of Company Profile

2.1.1 Name of company: Shrada construction

Sharda Construction And Corporation Private Limited Is A Private Company, Who

Was Incorporated 13 Year(S) 6 Month(S) 22 Day(S) Ago On Dated 28-Apr-2009 .
Sharda Construction And Corporation Private Limited Is Classified As Non-Govt
Company And Is Registered At Registrar Of
Companies Located In ROC-MUMBAI. As Regarding The Financial Status On The
Time Of Registration Of Sharda Construction And Corporation Private Limited
Company Its Authorized Share Capital Is
Rs. 150000000 And Its Paid Up Capital Is Rs. 150000000.

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 2.1.2 HISTORY: -

Sharda Construction And Corporation Private Limited's Corporate Identification

Number is U45200MH2009PTC206811 and its registration number is 206811 .Its
Email address is shardacon52@gmail.com and its registered address is where Company
is actual registered : Plot No. 72, Bhagyanagar Road , Ashok Nagar, Nanded , In
431605. For any Query You can reach this company by email address or Postal address.

2.1.3 Business activities of company:

i. Real estate development residential projects and residential projects cum office
space.
ii. Construction Contracts.

2.1.4 Mission :

To provide homes to everyone, in every area within Nanded by means of

i. Innovating ways and means for better performance of men and machinery.
ii. Creating projects based on the latest market trends with respect to the targeted
segments.
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iii. Ensuring timely delivery of projects.
iv. Achieving scalability in order to provide more Dream homes

2.1.5 Vision:

We wish to serve all the segments to Meet up the market gap in Nanded & increase our
market share..

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 Director Of Shrada Construction & Corporation Pvt Ltd

Sumit Ganpati Morge

Sumit Ganpati Morge, director with Sangmeshwar Devsthan Charitable Foundation, is

registered with the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), bearing DIN 07334556. He is
an Indian staying in Nanded, Maharashtra, India.

Sumit Ganpati Morge is currently associated with 7 Companies and is director with Jai
Kedarnath Sugar & Allied Industries Private Limited, Sharda Construction And
Corporation Private Limited, Shree Kashi Vishwanath Infra Projects Private Limited, Jai
Kedarnath Buildcon Private Limited, Shardaloha Khanapur Highway Private Limited,
Shardamudkhed Chincholi Highway Private Limited, Sangmeshwar Devsthan
Charitable Foundation.

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2.2Study of different department of organization:

2.2.1 General Department

This department develops and executes overall bus business strategies it is responsible
for the entire Organization

2.2.2 Marketing Department

This department manages marketing and mainly involve in Market Research,
Understanding market segments, Product Decisions Formation, Decisions Price
Decisions, Product Distribution

2.2.3 Operations Department

Combines two or more tourism components to create a à package and sell it to the
consumer.

2.2.4 Finance Department.

Responsible for acquiring and utilizing money for Financing the activities of the
tourism business.

2.2.5 Sales Department

This department is solely responsible for selling the relevant tourism products to the
consumers.

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 2.2.6 HR Department
The main function of this department is recruitment, selection attendance, salary
fixation, reward etc.

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 CHAPTER 3. TYPES OF MAJOR EQUIPMENT USED IN INDUSTRY

3.1 Total station

A total station is an optical instrument commonly used in construction surveying and

civil engineering It is useful for measuring horizontal angles vertical angles and
distance-it does this by analyzing the slope between itself and a specific point
A high-quality total station camera combines surveying, imaging and high speed 3D
scanning into one precise and reliable instrument. It blends the latest field technologies
with advanced technical features to create a tool that is trusty and dependable in
demanding field situations while producing accurate results for analysis and
engineering

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Total stations often contain a few different components:
- Electronic transit theodolite
- Electronic distance meter (EDM)
- Microprocessor
- Electronic data collector and storage system
Operators often use total stations with additional equipment as well, including
tripods, tribach, reflector poles and prisms

3.1.1 Using total stations for measurements provides several

unique advantages:
- Accuracy: How accurate is a total station? Total stations are highly accurate to a
fraction of an art second as well as measure distances to hundredths of a foot over
thousands of feet
- Ease of use: Total stations are easy and intuitive to use. They can take simultaneous
distance and horizontal measurements, and they make it easy to calculate coordinates
So, operators can spend more of the time and energy on critical engineering and
analytical problems that demand their attention
Speed: Total stations collect information quickly, so operators can get in and out of the
field efficient

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Convenience: Total stations offer quick and convenient setup. With a total station, an
operator can take multiple surveys from one location Effortless CAD interface: It's easy
to download survey data to a computer-assisted drawing (CAD) program to avoid time-
consuming data manipulation.

3.1.2 Cost of Total Station

Unit. Minimum price. Maximum price
Piece. Rs 8599. Rs 685000
Set. Rs 250000. Rs 580000

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 CHAPTER 4:- Manufacturing Process Along With Production Planning
4.1 Important Aspects of Concreting Process:
• Shuttering Stability
• Releasing Agent
• Sealing.
• Placing Reinforcement
• Reinforcement Cover
• Reinforcement Support

•Material Supply
•Embeds in Concrete
• Mixing location
• Joints in Concrete Proper Curing
• Precautions
• Protecting of concreting
• Pouring of Concrete and Compaction

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4.2 List of work carried out at different stages of construction in small building
• Paper work.
• Marketing of layout
• Excavation
• Foundation Work Column
• Construction of walls
•Lintel
• Roofing
• Plastering work
• Fixing of Doors and Windows
• Fixing of Electrical and Plumbing work
• Tiles laying
• Painting

• Miscellaneous Work.
• Site cleaning
• Excavation
• Casting

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 Chapter 5: Testing Of Raw Material, Components And Finished Products Along
With Quality Assurance Procedure

5.1 Tests of concrete

● Fineness Test Normal Consistency test
● Initial & Final setting time test.
● Soundness test.
● Compressive Strength Test
● Chemical composition Test
● Heat of hydration Test.

5.2 Ingredients in concrete

1. Mature of cement
2. Air
3. Water
4. Sand
5. Gravel

5.3 Types of concrete:

● Normal Strength Concrete

● Plain or Ordinary Concrete
● Reinforced Concrete
● Prestressed Concrete
● Precast Concrete Lightweight Concrete
● High Density Concrete
● Air-Entrained Concrete Ready Mix Concrete
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 ● Decorative Concrete
● Decorative
● Set Concrete Smart Concrete
● smart
● Previous Concrete
● Lime concrete
● Roll Compacted Concrete
● Glass Concrete
● Asphalt Concrete
● Shotcrete Concrete
5.4 Test carried on concrete:
● Workability Tests
● Air content
● Setting Time
● Compresive strength
● Tensile strength
● Modulus of elasticity
● Permeability Tests on Concrete
● In situ text on Concrete

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Chapter 6:- Major Material Handling Products And Material Handling Procedure
6.1 Major material handling products o Lift
o Crane
o Sling
o Pulleys
o Jacks
o Conveyor belt
o Lift bucket
o Wheel barrow
o Ghamela (pati)
o Hoisting equipment o Monorails and workstation cranes.
o Conveyors Casters and wheels
o Automatic guided vehicles.
o Lift trucks
o Automated storage and retrieval systems.
o Industrial robots

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 Chapter 7: Safety Procedure Followed And Safety Gear Used

7.1 Role of Site Engineer Building

Manage different parts of construction projects, Surveying Crew members, preparing
estimates for time and material Goe costs, completing quality assurance, observing
health and safety standards, and compiling reports for different stakeholders.

7.2 General responsibilities of the Site Engineer:

I. Inspect facilities and analyze operational data
II. Maintain compliance with safety and regulatory standard Determine and present
estimates of operational costs
III. Evaluate operations and processer
IV. Implement improvements to designs and processes. Test material and structural
integrity
V. Prepare proposal documents and presentation
VI. Maintain detailed documentation of all site engineering activities

7.3 Work activities of Site Engineer:

I. Setting out, levelling and surveying sites.
II. Checking plans, drawing and quantities for accuracy of calculations.
III. Ensuring that all materials used and work performed as per 1800 specifications
IV. Overseeing quality control and health and safety matters on site Preparing
reports as required.
V. Resolving any unexpected technical difficulties and other problems

25
Chapter 8:- Particulars Of Practical Experiences In Industry/ Organization If Any
Production/Assembly/Testing/Maintenance

8.1 Types of drawings used in construction :-

I. Plans
II. Interior, exterior elevation
III. Building and wall sections
IV. Interior, exterior details
V. Schedules and room finishes
VI. Framing and utility plans
VII. Site plans
VIII. Floor plans
IX. Plot plan
X. Excavation plan
XI. Section drawing Detail drawing
XII. Mechanical drawing
XIII. Electrical drawing Architectural Drawing
XIV. Structural Drawing
XV. Plumbing and Sanitary Drawing
XVI. Finishing Drawing
XVII. R.C.C. Drawing
XVIII. Layout and working Drawing

8.2 Submission drawing used for:

1. To get sanction from competent authority before starting actual work.
2. To check whether the proposed construction is as per bye laws or not.
3. To decide the taxation of building by municipal authority.
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 4. To regularize the construction as per bye laws.

8.2.1 Information we get from submission drawing

I. All Floor Plans
II. Minimum one Section
III. Minimum one elevation
IV. Site plan
V. Key plan
VI. North direction
VII. Built up area calculation
VIII. FSI area calculation

8.2.2 Use of Architectural Drawing

Architectural drawing are drawn according to a set of drawing that include
elevation, section, cross section, site plan , floor plan etc.
Nowadays majority of drawing are created using CAD software such as rivet,
AutoCAD, and archi CAD.

8.2.3 Use of RCC Working Drawing:

It is used for the construction of large infrastructure projects like Bridges, Retaining
walls, Docks, and harbors, Underwater structures, RCC is also used for precast element
casting like Railway sleepers, Electric poles. It is used for constructing tall structures
like Multistory buildings, Chimneys, Towers.

27
8.3 Types of reinforcement steel
1. Hot Rolled Deformed Bars
2. Cold Rolled Steel Bars
3. Mild Steel Bars
4. Twisted Steel Bars
5. Welded Steel Wire

8.3.1 Spacer bar and its uses:

A spacer & bar, known as a profile, is the continuous hollow frame which, Separates
the two glass planes in a double glazing window. It is used when there are 2 or more
layers of reinforcement.

8.3.2 RERA:
RERA means Real Estate Regulatory Authority stands for transparency in the real
estate industrial industry. It was brought to action to eradicate the existing discrepancies
and problem within the sector.

8.3.3 Various minimum cover used for elements:

The minimum size of clear cover 40mm is apply for column 25mm for beam 15 to
20mm for slab, 40 to 50 mm for footing.

8.4 Different consultants involved in construction of Building:

● Architects
● Land Surveyors
● Geo-Tech Engineer

28
 ● Electrical Engineers
● Building Surveyors

8.4.1 Use of electrical drawings:

Electrical drawing are a type of typical technical drawing that provide visual
representation describing electrical system or circuits. They are used to explain the
design to electricians or other workers who will use them to help install or repair
electrical systems.
8.5 Types of RCC checking stages:
● Formwork checking
● Reinforcement checking
● Pre - Concrete checking
● Checking during concreting
● Post concreting checking

8.5.1 Points remembered in formwork checking:

29
 ● Check the formwork is properly aligned.
● Check it is cleaned ,oiled.
● Check inner face of formwork is smooth.
● Check if the formwork is water-tight.
● Check Support are properly placed and fixed.
● Check width and depth/ height of formwork.
● Check foam is provided along the joint of steel formwork.

8.5.2 Points remembered in reinforcement checking:

● Check steel is placed as per drawing.
● Check rebar are straight.
● Check diameter and spacing of rebar.
● Check lap length are enough is accurate, etc

8.6 Points to be Remembered

8.6.1 Points remembered in checking of beam shuttering -
Before providing beam sides, level of the bear bottom should be checked. After
levelling of beam bottom bracing should be provided the plumb of beam sides at each
end should be checked with the help of line draw Shuttering of beam column junction
should be in plumb and watertight.

8.6.2 Points remembered in checking of slab shuttering :

Place wooden planks and steel chairs on slabs to aid labour movement. Do not allow to
walk directly on reinforcement. Check if the vibrator is in working Condition and that

30
adequate labour is available Sprinkle Some water over the shuttering just before placing
the concrete.

8.7 Important Aspects of Concreting Process:

● Shuttering Stability
● Releasing Agent.
● Sealing
● Placing Reinforcement
● Reinforcement Cover
● Reinforcement Support
● Material Supply
● Embeds in Concret
● Mixing location
● Joints in Concrete
● Proper Curing
● Precautions
● Protecting of concreting
● Pouring of Concrete and Compaction

8.7.1 Types of concreting techniques for slab casting:

● One-Way Slabs on Beams
● One-way joist slab (Ribbed slab)
● Waffle Slab (Grid slab)
● Flat Plates
● Flat Slabs
● Two-way Slabs on Beams
● Hollow core slab Hardy Slab.
● Bubble Deck slab Composite slab
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 ● Precast slab
● Slab on grade

8.7.2 PT Slab:

Past tension slab is a combination of conventional slab sent reinforcement and addition
producting high strength steel tendons, which are consequently Subjected to tension
after the concrete has set. This hydridisation helps achieve the formation of a much
thinner Slab with a any column-free Spaces.

8.7.3 Pre -Concreting checking:

Before the concrete is poured into the form work, it must be checked by someone who
has been trained to inspect formwork. Exceeding this limit my may lead to
unacceptable formwork deflections, loss of grout / concrete at joints, or even collapse .

8.7.4 Checking during Concreting:

Workability of concrete is an important property of concrete while concrete. it in its
fresh state. Therefore slump test or compaction factor test should be performed to check
workability of concrete. About three tests should be carried out for every 25 m³ of
concrete.

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8.7.5 Post-Concreting checking:
● Post Concrete inspection of concrete structures, is essential to check for any
damage or defects that may require repair
● Record time of shutter stripping and check for compliance with the specifications.
● Record and verify Caring method
● Verify date and time of commencement of curing, etc.

8.8 Any one checklist format for any one member of RCC structure
8.8.1 COLUMNS
General &
reinforcement

● Plotting of gridline for center of column above plinth/floor slab

● Locating & marking the centers of columns.
● Binding & placing column reinforcement above upper floor slab as per required
height, considering lap length of the bar
● Column reinforcement & its arrangement as per drawing
● Ring spacing & their arrangement as per R.C.C drawings
● Proper binding of reinforcement with binding wire.
● Fixing of concrete or P.V.C. cover blocks to reinforcement.

Checking of shuttering for columns

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 ● The quality of shuttering before placing.
● Applying deshuttering oil to plywood shuttering.
● Fixing M.S.clamps (shinkanjas) at every 0.6 m (2'0") internal.
● Stiffness of side supports to have formwork in plumb.

Checking of column before concreting

● Size as per drawing. Diagonals as required
● Oiling of shuttering
● Plumb on both sides
● Line of columns as desired
● Sufficient Marking level up to which concreting to be done.
● Supports
● Reinforcement cover provided
● Spacing of reinforcement above concrete level, maintained as required.
● Proper filling of gaps from outside by soil paste

Checking of column while concreting.

● Quality of materials of concrete
● The proportion & mixing of materials
34
 ● Six cube mould are kept ready to cast cubes from different batches.
● Controlled water cement ratio.
● Availability of vibrator or labour for tamping
● Proper cover after concreting on top level
● Casting of concrete cubes as required
● Proper numbering on cubes
● Fill joints if slurry flows from anywhere
● Maintain required concrete level
● Cleaning of mixing platform

Checking of columns after concreting

● Deshuttering of columns after 24 hrs-48 hrs
● Submission of the deshuttering report to higher authority
● Finishing of honey combing, if any, with proper care.
● Date of casting written on column. Hacking of columns.
● Cubes removed next day & kept for curing, with code numbers, cast code, site
name on cubes.
● Curing of columns done for minimum 15 days Wet nesian cloth wrapped around
it.
● Testing of cubes on due dates Le after seventh & twenty eighth day.

35
 Chapter 9:- Short Report/Description Of Report

9.1 Important conversations

9.1.1 Length:
● Imperial unit of Measurement:

foot = 12inches
1 yard = 3 feet
1 mile = 1,760 yard

● Metric unit of Measurement

1cm = 10 mm
1m = 100 cm = 1000 mm
1Km = 1000 m

● Converting from imperial to metric measurement.

In = 25.4mm
1 ft = 0.3048m
1 in = 2.54 cm
1yd = 0.9144m
1 mile =1.6093Km

36
● Converting from metric to imperial measurement
1mm = 0.0394 in
1 cm = 0.3937 i
1m= 3.2808 ft.
1m = 1 0936yd

1 km = 0.6214mi

37
9.1.2 Area

Imperial unit of Measurement:

1sq foot = 144 sq inch
1 sq yard = 9 sq foot
1 acre = 4840 sq yard
1sq mile= 640 acres
1 brass = 100 sq foot
I hectare = 2.47acres=10000 m²

Metric unit of Measurement.

1sq cm = 100 sq mm
1 sq m = 10000 Sq cm
1sq km = 100 hectors

Converting from imperial to metric measurement

1in²=64516 Cm
1 ft² = 0.0929 m²
1 yd² = 0.8361 m²

38
1acre = 4046.9 m²
1mile² = 2.590 km²

Converting from metric to imperial measurement

1 cm ^ 2 = 0.1550 in²
1m² = 10.7643 ft²
1 m² = 1.1960 yd²
1m² = 0.0002 acres (not used)
1 km²=0.3861 mile²
9.1.3 Volume

Imperial unit of Measurement

1cu foot = 1.728 cu inches
1cu yard = 27 cu feet

Metric unit of Measurement

1cu decimeter = 1000cu cm
1cu meter = 1000 cu decimeter
1 litre = 1cu decimeter

39
9.2 Some items of civil engineering work and their units
• Earth work in Excavation- m³ (Cubic meter).
• Earth work in Filing- m³ (Cubic meter).
• Brick work- m³ (Cubic meter).
• Plastering work-m² (Square meter).
• Concrete work-m³ (Cubic meter).
• Flooring - m² (Square meter)
• Reinforcement-Kg (Kilogram)

•Painting-m² (Square meter)

•Skirting-r.m. (running meter)
•Brick work 4.5" thick)-m² (Square meter).
•Structural steel work-Kg (Kilogram).
•Grills-Kg (Kilogram) or m² (Square meter).
•Doors and windows-m² (Square meter).
•Pointing work-m² (Square meter).
•Retaining Wall-m³ (Cubic meter).
•M.S pipes for steel structure-r.m. (running meter)
•Water line, sewer line, drainage pipe-r.m. (running meter)
•Railing r.m. (running meter).
•Soling work-m² (Square meter).

40
9.3 Process of marking center of column and footing:
In order to begin digging the trenches required for a building foundation, the builders
must first transfer the lines and measurements indicated on his or her foundation plan to
the building site. That is the exact length, width, depth, and position of the foundation
trenches must be marked on the ground. This movement from the plan to the for actual
site is called setting out. It is probably the most critical step in the entire construction
process.
9.4 Points remembered Checking

9.4.1 Points remembered in checking of footing

Check the Center line\margin from boundary etc from referance Column\bench mark
pillar Check whether you are getting all statutory margins from the road and all rest
boundary as per law and as drawing.

9.4.2 Points remembered in checking of column :

Check the size of Shuttering for column and its should be as per drawing Check Center
line of Columns with respect to adjacent columns or as specified in drawing, etc.

41
 Chapter 10
Special Challenging Experience Eacountered During Training

10.1 SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis stands for strengths, Weakness, opportunities and mus identifying your
construction firm's strengths a weakness opportunities and threats could mean that
difference between your Company Success and failure.
We should do SWOT analysis because it helps you to build on what you do well to
address what you're Tacking, to minimize it, and to take the greatest possible advantage
of chances for success.

42
10.1.1 Benefits of a SWOT Analysis
A SWOT Analysis gives you a balanced view of yourself and the world in which you
operate. It's also one of the easiest bits of Strategic Analysis that you can perform and is
a great way to get people thinking strategically without getting into the full detail of
state Formulation
Completing a SWOT Analysis should help you with things like -
● Understanding your competitive advantages & disadvantages
● Finding things to improve about your organization
● Understanding why some aspects of your organization are struggling
● Gaining insight on competitor activity
● Prioritizing actions

A SWOT Analysis is also a very useful framework for gaming your team on the same
page when it comes to the current state of the business, and where you want to go next
(and can also be a useful addition to your Strategy Evaluation process if you're looking
at refining your direction it's a simple jargon-free way of thinking about strategic
planning.

43
10.1.2 Strengths

Let's start with strengths Understanding your strengths is crucial to deciding which
opportunities you want to exploit in the future Strengths could be tangible external
elements such as well-regarded product lines, or less tangible elements such as a highly
skilled workforce in certain areas. Use the following list to help you understand your
strengths as part of your SWOT Analysis :

● What is your organization famous for?

● •What qualities do you or your products have that set you apart from competitors?
● What physical assets do you have which might put you ahead of the competition?
● What intellectual property do you own?
● What internal resources (such as staff) do you have that you're particularly
proud of?

10.13 Weaknesses
On the inverse, let's now look at your weaknesses Weaknesses are a critical part of
SWOT for the same reasons that strengths are. Understanding your weaknesses helps
you to prioritize what to work on next, and what opportunities you are most likely to
succeed with
To help you understand your weaknesses, consider the following

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 ● What major failures have you had in the past 12 months, and why?
● What physical resources do you tack?
● What internal/skill-based resources do you lack?
● What do your competitors do better than you?
● How would people rate your products?
● What issues would they raise?
● How is your cash-flow position?

10.1.4 Opportunities
The opportunities element of a SWOT Analysis is where you start to shift your gaze
away from your own company and to the market as a whole. Understanding the
opportunities that exist for you is now useful as you have a sense of your strengths and
weaknesses, making those opportunities easier to assess Whilst the majority of the
opportunities that you identify will be external, there may also be internal opportunities
that are even easier to take advantage of Consider things like:
Are you missing opportunities to make additional revenue from existing leads or
customers?
Are there any countries or markets that you could enter with your existing products
with little effort?
Are there any emerging trends that you could take advantage of?
What new product ideas do you have?
Any there are merger or acquisition opportunities that make sense to exploit ?

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 Threats
hreats are the final part of a SWOT Analysis, and require you to consider what elements
pose risk to either your organization or any of your revenue streams. This could be a
mix of both internal and external threats.
here are several differences between a threat and a weakness, but if you're struggling to
classify things, think of weaknesses as 'things that have already happened' and threats
as things that have not yet happened, but could.

10.1.5 When thinking about threats, consider elements such as:

● The emergence of new competitors

● Shifts in trends that could affect demand for your product or service
● Changes to the regulatory environment
● Poor public relations or market perception
● Staff morale or the possible loss of key people in your team
● Reduced investor appetite
● Macro-economic issues

10.2 GOAL Setting

OAL setting is a powerful process, for thinking about your ideal future and for motivating
yourself to turn your vision of this future into reality. The process of setting goals helps
you choose where you want to go in life. When preparing goals be specific and realistic
about your desires Setting goals also helps trigger new behaviour, align your align your
food focus and promote a Sense of self-mastery. My goals is to be a good and helping
human being in my entire life.

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 10.3 Role of Theory in Practical Knowledge:
heoretical knowledge means learning anything without adopting practical (approach. It
helps you understand why one technique is successful while the other fails Theory

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teaches you the experience of others. Theoretical knowledge can give you a deeper
understanding of a concept through seeing it in the context of understanding they why
behind it. Knowing is not enough, we must known how and where to apply Willing is
not enough we must do it.

10.4 Soft skills you need for better future:

● Empathy and Emotional Intelligence
● Integrity and Ethical Responsibility
● Adaptability and Resilience
● Self-Motivated and self-Diverted
● Mindfulness
● Hiring for the future of work
● Confidence
● Team player
10.5 Personal areas to improve bright future:
● Communication
● Interpersonal
● Organization
● Problem solving
● Passion
● Self-confidence
● work ethic
● Energy
● Effort

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10.6 Importance of meditation and exercise .
Meditation allowed them to know themselves better, helping them feel more relaxed
and peaceful It See med to increase student's level of physical, mental & emotional
awareness.

Exercise can improve your health & reduce the risk of developing several diseases li0ke
Cancer, diabetes, Cardiovascular disease.

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