Hansto Negi

019404

PhaxmaCelg4-
ASsIGNMENT-1

De a ollguig
(a) CompetitiA chtageist
Comptitiue Otagisu te atagenis
that otrudurally imila ageviusts.
Mey aHa able t nd te ho dome reepto
agonist moleules and blsck t
fhe recoptou e klockod Qnd
Cannot activotd. s autoagoists hu
a te Copto u t he actual ubunic
octisttyTheakore, t y a e wable t o produC
HOspemA2. fer oxompll, - blsckexsand
avtu-- colinaos ae COmupottue 0taagnisa
y lp inga he Lo DRC
Lgiat drniaGenus binding
sible, amd depomds ha relatiu
agorust - antagevust. +ahen
Comcontrattem
mcantratien aanis oueRCeme the hikt
e DRC a dnist

(b)Jherapedic Lndex
Jhtapeutic Indar he gap tueen a
ketun

miimal herapeutlc kec DRC and the

aduenaa ekRct DRC. It
moMimum acceptaola
practicallu mangn
abaut h e salaty_ a
gwes
drug
 TI= Media Lthal Dosa(LD50)
**
Madian: Ebtstiue Doso (ED 50)
ED 50 = Doto sichn ToduCod paciliad
n SO. t h e individuals
LD50 Dedo wich pues te b Lha LU
50 he ndiutduels

(e)Zoe Ode netic

hLn he roule ok a HaaCuenTeman
Comtaut irrespediue he Cemetratiom
as
reactaud, thn
inte n HAL
clonamce dLeceO ith an inooasa n
e Concotratien a o duuug. u e elmuvad

tme.

) Drua Depondounco
whe a
partulu duA e r pusoralsukadtien
rathe hau e r medical needs, Ben t .
Drug Dependenca duch duuRa
ftn enu fhal a LAd moad

chonges. When e NAHALLOn p u p o

duwtng drup depemdnca, hoAa drugs aUa
knowk imduca duuc eup herrla, eciaw
adutmavt, uallucinaiens amd ithdrauwal
em Rality.
(e O pMan Drugs
Tphan duas M mo that
ha C
mCtket uch
dugs
nal momutacturea LRALe
MCent T9 preduto and mantet ha
deleping ma
CO d ha salas. FOr examole
udu m itrate, tomeizple Aomotrapin, c .

TAA drugs aa e sanAga but thay ara

dikkut btoun weditdly

rt Poas Metabslim
whon o dug is administered erally K
thY&ug a aatrotstinal tract,
Ound aptur abserotien Rrst ass te tha
ve hTough th pertal in, woa
Juthr Mtabalied. Twprecad dacaasRs tha
bioauai i ha erally administred amd
3kos a tha istpad mtab0libm'
demei baca thw nly a mau
mau

pNON
rion a dug aailable te tha
ustumatie irculatie in Orm aue

C2-dtato true and alse dusky- Jus

 tramaPtrtLr
a)Many dugs aguie
a cell membraua

alAe
Mast drugs ha body O absorbad in
heir iomidso korms Tu Mon - elatrolyt
on- Pdlo erm oduugs motlu lipid
solubla amd can CTAs cel membramz
eaail mly doma
absorbsd thi iemiasd eluctalyte e
Honce,dpaciau ceu mambrame romAperars
ae orddod ovdy AOma
dug
Cb) dberptien drug is alhiotud y:
etrnt vaaCulaity abaerking_isae

Jrue
ne meuemQnt the drua
admimstratiom te
drua is admimistored
cèrauatiem Unleasha
iutransenousl,ha vasuulauüty e
uaca impertant on tha
abaoreAO
absorption a drua. BLood cireulatien
ta a
halps remeML
the drug rom
amo maictatns
Comcntration gradkent acugssthe bimg
UaC. Unoeasid blogd lou vasCulasity
ral aber ptuoM too
JMOQaANA tha
(e) ay drups houe Cetoun degre03
d a kd.
True
dide w nd but to
wnanoida ble pharmacsdynamic eR hai
aat Berapiutic ds Amsst
al drugs houo Aeme th aida
ct Ome degrea2. tsweue, reduudion
dosag elp allauiat add ids
Cass.

d)Aaule drug with a

pa 8 1
pla will b
predomirgtl jieniand at theploama ppH
Mg True
whon ha dsua has apla 8-76-1, t
aa +Hhat to drua basie once,t
at Muttra pH alincoha
plasmna has p arnd -1:4, a
dug pKa 8.1 wil he an a
predomünaty ionised stote in heplabmq -

Ce)Tho bisavalabity twepreponauoms

tho dane doug the Aama omuly han
he tw8prepaxations_acieue Cbponndble

plas ma uels

Jalka
Bisavailabily kusun
-wwwwm
 rractiom o adminustored dmua
actualy Asar laole o xiachd a
daton@ie cirCuatiem Tha twe dhran
prepaxations tho SOma may
may mt hause
a bao.ptiom in tha oody a vaits
reas0ms Omly when h a t w e ompls
auies the OMa ct m plamaLsels
that
Jsiosnailae

dramapertatien ipid slubte men olacTSA

membrómA
eaafe thom elaatrol

Srue
hen the drugsmolacuuls id
amd
amd t h r mom - elactrlu T
mon-pola orm e er
o m te e i-pid cel
MOwbTaML rroLgk pla dikuaiem
RsuseSA, r th tramapert elactrslut,
apacial Ceu mambrama tramAPorter s

qired. Hence, tramApøt ok pid dslubla

men ele iroul HAAA, mambramo
e a e hamolactrolyts.

g 8soadlabioty_ rally adminstored

druop hon 2Lven

 he 0 dua Odminsterod raly
paitiula u olubiKty drrugs da
abaorod propely.n adotion, all
vally administetad dulas meiabglmod
ha iuX amd Mone tb wndeng8 a
preCos talled At poas mtabalim.
ToULourna th, my o mal potiemn
ayollabla s ba abserloed intb ha
ptmic cirCatin.lousee, whon a
Ara administared teranensusly tha
ote awatlabiltty almt 00% . Hénca2
oieo.cailabi ib rally adrmlndstardd druas
tham hoe gue
ntrauRMLsly

A paxtial agenist os as eugter akintt

than O agonst

tale
A patialL gnist an Agevil at actwade
the acopter producea wbmaimal
ek but antagemmes he action a
u agorast To padial agonusta, the Lvtrinsuc
actitty aLuray ut aintty
Xacoptor t u Caw b 29La
lo tha Hha ull agmust Hemce a padial
aggnist Ca nomanam
aso hae qual xaceptev
u agovut
4cowpComp etMLe avtagovit has e ubinc
actut
Jrue
atogeut Q agat wim nas

ov ecoptrt, mular
hgh a
thot aM agmistt but 6duCOS almgat
tpreueNs ha
et
agovut m Tacung te he recaptor
and hus prenels Bubsequut
bponsa nCo does mst prduea a

et u9n, a Copetitiue atagonist

Mas me Jutri nae actut

3Dleranuot gollouiM

a ) Tekeranc DepemdenCo

Dependomco
Jokonramco CCuO whe Drug dapemdenCy
A pouos phyaital Teps
respone te duubstaauding a drug amd
suac as drugs or Me sdy peuences
acohe, lssens untiewcthdraual a

Thameee, rtime state in whish

people buuld touramce duugs e d o n a l
rthe2 drua -
ect ddstaction occerded
caue t ouw tafes ughex Prerty
ahn dee a h tha tiur Joodkc eQdg
to reach the to
dpoda
 ame e t a when &u to aautih.
they eteo u t ed.

Toleramce duuelopa Depeudence

because wetobalin pHOL daelopd a Tran
he drug opaeds up nd cEMtinues t
( ott b cauusa the iuertota the drug
e y n e s inusued in oody chamgs t allo
metoubalzing drugs Cevtiued

re actiue) OmpuO. A 260d a

und AA because te obAeruL
the umbur recptob wh a peson
hat a dug attache drug stopa doina
tha strength e whdrau

he
he ond btuea ha ptoms CCCu

drug
Cou
dec0sR
alse appo h a
elete drug mcantrati
t h e drua oat he
Ate actuem
decreoed maube due tel
enhamcament drug
eiwinaiov

(bIndieadion and ortraindicotien

Indicatie Comtraudicatueu
Indicotuem qiue reasons|| Cevutva udicaeu i a
to C Cediaun Cemdition that Jeaes as
treatment Masem sttake a
 prous03 gsad horapeutic| ctain medical tromont
eects due Te ho hat at
oud ha patient
Eg Lnducotions o
glen
Cotraïndicottoms
ydrethvrapy axe | o Colon udrotharapy_
abdominal outevisv ae aoolmina huia,
acute kcalimpatiomn abdmtnad g
a t u r t etoc ote
n d AE Colen ydretha-
-YaRY has beA houu
te onektial
Covdiuons.

) Competitiue and uon- competitiue nibtio.

Coupetiue CoureTe

eepetitiue auuihiti n wen -competituuce

tha iun otter moleculos Juhbitien , ma uhibit
ukiter
ind te the adiue sitn mskecula nds to a
t h a Acpter nzume, a m tha recopter
aMd pxeuut te bstr- that d e t e n d t onm
o Melecules Kemu tha uubstrate
onding to tham. Tuese | t e . lee, the
ndunA
dubotrate
uibter melaculas áana Soxnding asmot dedked
a LilaCemkaurotiondireduy, t h
a the ubatirat, and ||_hibte caues Conorm
dhous gaad a t , aioma chamges
u t hos itunsic |||heactiue t e
a ct u |enzyma duch H h
 t can s t bind t
tha ubstrate auymoe
Me umkguxatiom
the iiiter omd
Abatrate

his inhibiter can a Jho ioition canst

dsplacadrom tha ouey cem by inaaing2
XAcepter Alta oy inct-| ha aubetrata cem cantratis
|eoding tha sulatrate
Comcetratien

ea Lyamido a
uremnidado jnhibi te pOLsem wuch binds te
uad te treat iuenxa ar atlelrie &.
4t a iral enzym a techrema oidase,
wwich cleonues dscking in tha electrev iromapot
pTaRiYs, and actusity chon 4t pauei tha
nhi btor druq ATP prsductie.
preueTu Apread
tha rw

d duexai and dhdtogovus

ntagOmism

hyxgstic ekiects otagoustic ekhedia a

the dum t h e wwen the el t
ecl J meMe han othe Combuad
#he twe ndiuidual inlera dtion J Toe
chenicoa ekcu combimd
 _/_/
h e r chemicals ae ctagomistic etecTs axe
nengutic, the patdialh as s mamy
hazards aboth ho amtidslos opoiorarg
druas dhould b ve O madca
Aaekully xe - valuaKad reatmoms.

caxbon tuta-chladg othuy alcehuok LOn

amd thamel a e autogonide tha touc

ndividually toxic te eR met

he ue, amd toadhwalces b displating
Myproduco uch trom the enyma
more Ler wy hat actuuall idis
ham he dimplo umn he methos
e udividual
e on theive,