To Study The Effect of Metal Coupling On Rusting of Iron

To study the effect of metal coupling on rusting of
iron
Chemistry investigatory project
Submitted by
Name: KG.tharinish
Class: Xll C
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that this CHEMISTRY investigatory project on

the topic “To study the effect of metal coupling on rusting of
iron”as been completed by KG.Tharinish of class XII under the
guidance of in partial fulfilment of chemistry practical in the
curriculum of AISSCE-CBSE,New Delhi for the academic year
2021-2022
Signature of the Guide Signature of the principal
Signature of the Internal Signature of the External

Examiner Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the outset, I express our gratitude to the Almighty Lord

for the divine guidance and wisdom showered on me to
undertake this project.
I am immensely grateful to my beloved Principal for her

involvement in this project by providing useful inputs and timely
suggestions.
I am also thankful to my Chemistry teacher for his

guidance and help to make this project a success.
My Parents also played a key role in shaping up this project

nicely and I convey my special thanks to them as well.
Index :
 Introduction
 Electrochemical Mechanism (rusting)
 Methods of Prevention of Corrosion
 Aim of the project
 Requirement
 Procedure
 Observation
 Conclusion
Introduction
Metals and alloys undergo rusting and corrosion. The process by which
some metals when exposed to atmospheric condition i.e., moist air,
carbon dioxide form undesirable compounds on the surface is known as
corrosion, The compounds formed are usually oxides. Rusting is also a
type of corrosion but the term is restricted to iron or products made
from it. Iron is easily prone to rusting making its surface rough.
Chemically, rust is a hydrated ferric oxide.
Titanic's bow exhibiting microbial corrosion damage in the form of ‘rusticles’
Rusting may be explained by an electrochemical mechanism. In the

presence of moist air containing dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide,
the commercial iron behaves as if composed of small electrical cells. At
anode of cell, iron passes into solution as ferrous ions.
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e-
The electrons from the above reaction move towards the cathode and
form hydroxyl ions
H2O + (O) + 2e- → 2OH-
Under the influence of dissolved oxygen the ferrous ions and hydroxyl
ions interact to form rust, i.e., hydrated ferric oxide.
2Fe2+ + H2O + (O) → 2Fe3+ + 2OH-
2Fe3+ + 6OH- → Fe2O3.3H2O or 2Fe(OH)3
(Rust)
If supply of oxygen is limited the corrosion product may be black
anhydrous magnetite, Fe3
Rusting an Electrochemical Mechanism
Rusting may be explained by an

electrochemical mechanism. In the
presence of moist air containing
dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide,
the commercial iron behaves as if
composed of small electrical cells. At
anode of cell, iron passes into solution
as ferrous ions. The electron moves towards the cathode and form
hydroxyl ions. Under the influence of dissolved oxygen, the ferrous ions
and hydroxyl ions interact to form rust, i.e., hydrated ferric oxide.
Methods of Prevention of Corrosion and Rusting
1) Barrier Protection; In the method, a barrier film is introduced

between iron surface and atmospheric air. The film is obtained by
painting, varnishing etc.
2) Galvanization; The metallic iron is covered by a layer of more
reactive metal such as zinc. The active metal losses electrons in
preference of iron. Thus, protecting from rusting and corrosion.
galvanized metal
3)Inhibitors; Corrosion inhibitors, such as gas-phase or violate

inhibitors, can be used to prevent corrosion inside sealed systems. They
are not effective when air circulation disperses them, and brings in fresh
oxygen and moisture.
4)Humidity control; Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in

the use of silica gel packets to control humidity in equipment shipped by
sea.
Aim of the project:-

In this project the aim is to investigate effect of the metals coupling on
the rusting of iron. Metal coupling affects the rusting of iron . If the nail
is coupled with a more electro-positive metal like zinc, magnesium or
aluminium rusting is prevented but if on the other hand , it is coupled
with less electro – positive metals like copper , the rusting is facilitated.
Requirements
 Two Petri dishes

 Four test – tube
 Four iron nails
 Beaker
 Sand paper
 Wire gauge
 Gelatin
 Copper, zinc & magnesium strips
 Potassium ferricyanide solution
 Phenolphthalein
Procedure:-
 Clean the surface of iron nails with the help of sand paper.
Wash them with carbon tetrachloride and dry on filter paper.
 Wind a clean zinc strip around one nail, a clean copper wire
around the second and clean magnesium strip around the third
nail. Put all these third and a fourth nail in petridishes so that
they are not in contact with each other.
 Preparation of agar agar solution. Heat about 3gm of agar agar

in 100ml of water taken in a beaker until solution becomes
clear. Add about 1ml of 0.1M potassium ferri-cyanide
solution, 1ml of phenol-phthalein solution and stir well the
contents.
 Fill the petridishes with hot agar agar solution in such a way
that only lower half of the nails are covered with the liquids.
 Keep the covered petridishes undisturbed for one day or so.
 The liquid sets to a gel on cooling. Two types of patches are

observed around the rusted nail, one is blue and the other is
pink. Blue patch is due to the reaction between ferrous ions
and potassium ferricyanide, to form potassium Ferro-
ferricyanide, KFe [Fe(CN)6] whereas pink patch is due to the
formation of hydroxyl ions which turns colorless
phenolphthalein to pink.
S.No. Metal pair Colour of the Nails Rusts or

patch not
1. Iron-Zinc Pink No
2. Iron-Copper Blue Yes
3. Iron- Pink No
Magnesium
4. Iron-nail Blue Yes
Conclusion :
It is clear from the observation that coupling of iron with more

electropositive metals such as zinc and magnesium resists corrosion and
rusting of iron. Coupling of iron with less electropositive metals such as
copper increases rusting.
Bibliography:
 Comprehensive (Practical Chemistry – XII)
 Internet- www.wikipedia.com, www.encylopedia.com
 NCERT Chemistry Textbooks

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To study the effect of metal coupling on rusting of

Chemistry investigatory project

This is certify that this CHEMISTRY investigatory project on

Signature of the Guide Signature of the principal

Signature of the Internal Signature of the External

At the outset, I express our gratitude to the Almighty Lord

I am immensely grateful to my beloved Principal for her

I am also thankful to my Chemistry teacher for his

My Parents also played a key role in shaping up this project

 Electrochemical Mechanism (rusting)

 Methods of Prevention of Corrosion

 Aim of the project

Titanic's bow exhibiting microbial corrosion damage in the form of ‘rusticles’

Rusting may be explained by an electrochemical mechanism. In the

Rusting an Electrochemical Mechanism

Rusting may be explained by an

Methods of Prevention of Corrosion and Rusting

1) Barrier Protection; In the method, a barrier film is introduced

3)Inhibitors; Corrosion inhibitors, such as gas-phase or violate

4)Humidity control; Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in

Aim of the project:-

 Two Petri dishes

 Preparation of agar agar solution. Heat about 3gm of agar agar

 Keep the covered petridishes undisturbed for one day or so.

 The liquid sets to a gel on cooling. Two types of patches are

S.No. Metal pair Colour of the Nails Rusts or

It is clear from the observation that coupling of iron with more

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