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    Class 4 - Routing Protocols

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    036 PRANEETHA S S
    This document provides an overview of routing protocols and ad hoc networks. It discusses: 1. The main goal of routing protocols is to find an efficient path between mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. 2. Ad hoc networks are distributed wireless networks that operate in Time Division Duplex mode and enable nodes outside of direct transmission range to communicate through intermediate nodes. 3. Common technologies used for ad hoc networks include ZigBee, Bluetooth, and IEEE 802.11 in ad hoc mode. 802.11 is most widely used despite not originally being designed for ad hoc networks.

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    Class 4 - Routing Protocols

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    036 PRANEETHA S S
    26 views12 pages
    This document provides an overview of routing protocols and ad hoc networks. It discusses: 1. The main goal of routing protocols is to find an efficient path between mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. 2. Ad hoc networks are distributed wireless networks that operate in Time Division Duplex mode and enable nodes outside of direct transmission range to communicate through intermediate nodes. 3. Common technologies used for ad hoc networks include ZigBee, Bluetooth, and IEEE 802.11 in ad hoc mode. 802.11 is most widely used despite not originally being designed for ad hoc networks.

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    This document provides an overview of routing protocols and ad hoc networks. It discusses: 1. The main goal of routing protocols is to find an efficient path between mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. 2. Ad hoc networks are distributed wireless networks that operate in Time Division Duplex mode and enable nodes outside of direct transmission range to communicate through intermediate nodes. 3. Common technologies used for ad hoc networks include ZigBee, Bluetooth, and IEEE 802.11 in ad hoc mode. 802.11 is most widely used despite not originally being designed for ad hoc networks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    26 views12 pages

    Class 4 - Routing Protocols

    Uploaded by

    036 PRANEETHA S S
    This document provides an overview of routing protocols and ad hoc networks. It discusses: 1. The main goal of routing protocols is to find an efficient path between mobile nodes in an ad hoc network. 2. Ad hoc networks are distributed wireless networks that operate in Time Division Duplex mode and enable nodes outside of direct transmission range to communicate through intermediate nodes. 3. Common technologies used for ad hoc networks include ZigBee, Bluetooth, and IEEE 802.11 in ad hoc mode. 802.11 is most widely used despite not originally being designed for ad hoc networks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Summary of what we have learnt:

    https://forms.gle/md7f2XHnVHao3uqu8
    https://forms.gle/9SsAKJ7ztrc5KYtK7

    Remainder: for doing an assignment


    Need to create a new ad hoc network
    1. Connect 2 devices either through
    a. Mobile hot spot or
    b. Create a virtual LAN network adapter

    Take print screens and upload your word file in google classroom.
    Give Hand in option.

    Routing Protocols
    Routing simply means, to route a packet One into other node
    selecting a path from source to destination.

    Main goal of routing protocol is to obtain/finding an efficient path


    between mobile nodes. (optimal path) This not an easy task to
    find/determine which protocol is best suitable for a network.

    General Concepts

     Ad hoc Networks are a type of Distributed Wireless Networks


     Ad Hoc networks operate in the Time Division Duplex (TDD)
    mode
    o It is not possible to receive and transmit at the same time
    instant
     Neighbour nodes communicate with one another using single-
    hop wireless technology like Bluetooth, ZigBee and IEEE
    802.11 (Ad hoc mode)
     Nodes which are distant from each other (outside direct
    transmission range of each other) communicate using a
    sequence of intermediate nodes which co-operate to forward
    the traffic to the destination.
    Enabling Technologies:
     Basic building blocks of ad hoc network communications that
    enable single hop communication between devices in the direct
    communication range of each other
     Wireless Ad-Hoc Communication Technologies
     ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) – Short range (~100m) Low Date Rate
    (<250 kb/s)
     Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) – for Personal Are Networks (PAN)
     IEEE 802.11 (in Ad-Hoc Mode) – High Speed Medium range
    MANETs
     IEEE 802.16 – High Speed Wide Range

     Wide availability of 802.11 NICs have made this most widely


    used technology

     802.11 is not being originally designed for ad hoc networks,


    suffers from various performance issues.

     However, technologies such as directional antennas, MIMO


    technologies are used which can help in improving the
    performance of these networks.

    Networking Technologies:
     Use the one-hop direct communication capabilities provided by
    the underlying enabling technologies to provide end-to-end
    reliable communication from sender (one or more) to receiver
    (one or more), not in the direct communication range
     Functions
     Routing – Identifying the path from sender to receiver
     Forwarding - Using the previously identified path to actually
    forward the packets

     Designing Routing protocols for MANETs is one of the main


    research challenges.

     On top these, MANETs use Transmission Control Protocol


    (TCP).
     But inherent challenges of Ad-Hoc networks make ill-suited for
    MANETs

    Classification of Wireless Ad Hoc networks

    Types of Ad Hoc Network (cont.)


    Mobile Ad Hoc Network
     Infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected
    wirelessly which follow the self-CHOP properties
    o Self-Configure
    o Self-Heal
    o Self-Optimize
    o Self-Protect
     Highly dynamic topology which frequent link changes
     Nodes acts as routers to forward other nodes’ packets
     MANETs enable spatial spectrum re-use due to limited
    bandwidth of each node

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