Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Lecture1 : Introduction to OOP

Prepared by:
Mohamed Mabrouk

Those slides are based on slides by:

Dr. Sherin Mousa and Dr. Sally Saad
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Course Textbook

Java How to Program, Early

Objects, 11th Edition, Pearson,
2018.
Online Resources
• JDK 11 Documentation
https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11
• Java Tutorial
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/index.htm
• Java tutorial: Learn Java Programming with
examples
https://beginnersbook.com/java-tutorial-for-beginners-with-
examples/

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Grading Policy

Semester Work 15
Midterm Exam 15
Practical Exam 20
Final Exam 50
Total 100

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Course Format

• One lecture/week
• One lab/week
• Programming Language is Java
• Mid term exam
• Project/Practical exam or both
• Final exam

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Course Outline
Week Topics

1 1. Introduction to Java Language

2. Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
3. First program in Java
2 1. Control Structures
2. Arrays
3. Classes and objects
4. Introduction to Class Diagrams and UML : Unified Modelling Language
5. Encapsulation and access modifiers
3 1. Methods in Java
2. Strings in Java

4 1. Inheritance
2. Polymorphism

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Course Outline
Week Topics

5 1. Exception Handling
2. Collections (Generics)
6 1. Graphical User Interface (GUI 1)

7 1. Interfaces
2. Event Handling (GUI 2)
8 Midterm exam
9 1. Design Patterns (Part 1)
10 1. Design Patterns (Part 2)

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Lecture Outline

• Introduction to Java language

• Introduction to object oriented programming
• First program in Java

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Introduction to Java Language

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Java Language History
• 1991 - Green Project for consumer electronics market (Oak
language → Java)
• 1995 – Sun announces Java
• 1996 – JDK 1.0
• 1997 – JDK 1.1 RMI, AWT, Servlets
• 1998 – Java 1.2 Reflection, Swing, Collections
• 2004 – J2SE 1.5 (Java 5) Generics, enums
• 2014 – Java 8 Lambdas
• 2018 – Java 11 var keyword, improved garbage collection
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Java Technology

• JVM – Java Virtual Machine

• JRE – Java Runtime Environment JDK javac, jar, debugging

• JDK – Java Development Kit JRE Java, Libraries

JVM

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Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

• JVM is a virtual machine the runs Java bytecode

• JVM does not understand java à *.java
• JVM only understands bytecode à *.class
• Java files should be compiled into bytecode
• Several implementations of the JVM for different
systems (Windows, Linux, macOS)

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Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
• According to Oracle:
“JRE provides the libraries, the Java Virtual Machine,
and other components to run applets and
applications written in the Java programming
language.”
• JRE does not contain tools and utilities such as
compilers or debuggers for developing applets and
applications.

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Java Development Kit(JDK)

• According to Oracle:
“The JDK is a superset of the JRE, and contains
everything that is in the JRE, plus tools such as the
compilers and debuggers necessary for
developing applets and applications.”

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Properties of Java
• Object-oriented
• Interpreted
• Portable
• Secure and robust
• Multi-threaded
• Garbage collected
• No support for multiple inheritance

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Hello World Application
• Write the following source code and name the file
MyClass.java
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}

• Compile it using: javac MyClass.java

• Run it using: java MyClass
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Hello World Application
MyClass.Java

javac MyClass.java
Bytecode

MyClass.class

java MyClass

JVM

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Garbage Collection
• Memory is dynamically allocated in Java
• Deallocation is removing the objects that are no
longer referenced from memory
• Programmer responsibility à C, C++
• Might lead to memory leaks
• Garbage collector responsibility à Java, C#
• Theoretically no memory leaks
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Introduction to Object Oriented
Programming

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Object Oriented Thinking

• It is programming paradigm based on the concept

of "objects”
• Each object contains data, in the form of fields,
often known as attributes; and actions to work on
that data, in the form of procedures, often known
as methods
• Objects constitute the building blocks of the program

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Object Oriented Thinking

• Objects interact with each other and exchange

data
• Objects of the same type constitute ”class”, e.g.
person, and car
• Classes can form a hierarchy

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Class Hierarchy Example
Vehicle

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Class Hierarchy Example
Vehicle

Land Water Air

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Class Hierarchy Example
Vehicle

Land Water Air

Bus Car Ship Boat Aircraft Helicopter

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Name Some Classes of Objects

• Think of some classes of objects

• What are the data and
methods of each class
• Can you create a simple
hierarchy

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Principles of Object Oriented Programming

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Principles of Object Oriented Programming

• Encapsulation

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Principles of Object Oriented Programming

• Encapsulation
• Abstraction

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Principles of Object Oriented Programming

• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Inheritance

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Principles of Object Oriented Programming

• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

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Principles of Object Oriented Programming

• Encapsulation
Never forget
• Abstraction
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

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Encapsulation

• Is the process of combining data and methods into

a single unit called a class
• Keeps data both safe from outside interference
• Allows to expose only necessary data
• Can be controlled via access modifiers; private,
protected, and public

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Abstraction

• Is to hide the complexity of the program by hiding

unnecessary detail from the user
• Can be achieved by using classes

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Inheritance

• One of the most important features of OOP

• Allows creating hierarchy of related classes, e.g.
Vehicle, car and bus
• Allows code reusability

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Inheritance
Vehicle

Land

Bus Car

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Polymorphism
• Means many forms
• Same concept can have different meanings in
different contexts
• Has two forms, overloading and overriding
• Overloading is same method name with different
parameters, e.g.
int add(int num1, int num2){}
and
float add(float num1, float num2){} 36
Polymorphism

• Overriding is related to inheritance

• It allows overriding an inherited method by creating
your own method
• The method of the subclass MUST match the one in
super class, i.e. it must have the exact same name,
same parameters and same return type

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First Program in Java

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Hello World Application
public class MyClass {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}

• There must be EXACTLY one main method

• It has to be defined inside a class
• It has to have the signature
public static void main(String[] args)
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Hello World Application
• The java filename must match the class name, i.e.
MyClass.java
• Each statement has to be terminated by a
semicolon “;”
• Code can be compiled via command
javac MyClass.java
• Can be run via command
java MyClass
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Hello World Application

• Better to use and Integrated Development

Environment (IDE)
• You can use
Eclipse
NetBeans
IntelliJ

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Simple Calculator Application

• Create an application to read two numbers, add

them and display the result on the screen
• To display to the console:
System.out.println()
• To read from the console:
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
in.nextInt()
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Thank You!

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