EDEP1610

UNDERSTANDING STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL

EDUCATIONAL NEEDS (SEN)

SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA

 Learning Outcomes

• Understanding special education program in Malaysia

• Categories of education program in Malaysia

1. Special schools
2. Segregation approaches
3. Integrated program
4. Inclusive education program
5. Inclusive approaches
 What is Special Education Program

• Special education or Special Needs Education is form of education planned for the
students with Special Needs in a way that addresses the students with Individual
Differences and Needs based on learning disabilities, behavioral, physical and
mental abnormalities

• Education (UNESCO 1994) has stressed the importance to develop national

capacities for policy-making and systems management in support of inclusive
education and the need to address equal educational opportunity and access
to all children including those with special educational needs (SENs)
 Special education program – Categories of Students

• Visual Impairment

• Hearing Impairment
Akta OKU, 2002 menjelaskan:
• Learning Disabilities
• Semua murid berkeperluan khas diajar oleh guru terlatih
• Gifted khas
• Akta menjelaskan penyamaan peluang tanpa diskriminasi &
gangguan
• OKU mempunyai hak seperti orang lain
• Hapus pandangan negatif terhadap OKU
• Pengiktirafan
 List of School - SEN in Malaysia
• Setapak Blindness Special Education Secondary School (SMPK)

• Batu Road Boys' Primary School

• Sekolah Kebangsaan Pendidikan Khas Kampung Baharu

• SR Pendidikan Khas (cacat Penglihatan)

• Institut Masalah Pembelajaran & Autisme Malaysia (IMPIAN)

• GENIUS Kurnia

• Sekolah Pendidikan Khas Pertuturan KIU (Pusat Pertuturan Kiu / Cued Speech Centre)

• Sk. Pendidikan Khas Kg. Baharu

• Sekolah Kebangsaan Pendidikan Khas Selangor

• Pusat Pendidikan Khas Minda DYSLEXIA

 Special Needs Schools In Malaysia

• Einstein Special Needs Education

• Kits4Kids Special School

• Taarana Special Needs Education

• THINK Enrichment Centre

• Hils Learning

• Headstart Academy
 Segregation approaches

• A segregated classroom is simply what the name implies a self-

contained classroom filled with students who have a particular or any
number of disabilities

• Not A One-Size-All - Issues:-

Segregated
o Safety
o Children don’t understand the concept of a disabilities
o Behavioral problems like bullying
o Untrained regular teacher

• Reasons – Why not segregated education for Special Children?

o Foster understanding and tolerance
o Curriculum for children with disabilities
o Providing individualised education to address issue specific needs
o Self-contained classroom
Integrated Program
 Special education program - Integrated program

• “Special Education Integrated Programme” means an educational programme

for a pupil with special educational needs which is only attended by pupils with
special needs in a special class in a government school or government-aided Integration
school;

• Disabled children are sought to be integrated in the normal schools system

• Children that to be considered:-

o Loco-motor handicaps
o Mild and moderately hearing impaired
o Partially slighted
o Mentally handicapped-educable group (IQ 50 -70)
 Special education program in Malaysia - Integrated program

• The terms ‘pupils with special needs’ and ‘special education programme’ introduced in the
Education Act 1996 (1998, 341) are defined as follows: ‘Pupils with special needs’ means
pupils with visual impairment or hearing impairment or with learning disabilities ‘Special
education programme’ means

1. A programme which is provided in special schools for pupils with visual impairment or
hearing impairment
2. An integrated programme in general schools for pupils with visual impairment or
hearing impairment or with learning disabilities

Preschool Deaf and Hard of Hearing Class

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGpz6AwGNjA

Understanding Vision Impairment in Children

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wGP_k_UP9c
Proses kemasukan murid ke
Program Pendidikan Khas
Intergrasi (PPKI)
 Special Arrangements In Regular Schools

No. Arrangement Explanation

1 Special Resource • multi sensory room called Snoezelen (sensory impairment)
Room • fully-equipped with all the relevant equipment to stimulate the sensory
organs in the body (sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch senses)
• to focus the concentration ability
• to increasing self awareness
• to enhance greater social interaction and communication skills
• increasing adaptive behavior and self morale

2 Pre-vocational • “total rehabilitation” - medical, social and vocational rehabilitation

Activities • to improve the quality of life of the disabled children
• expected to be physically and emotionally developed
• vocational skills to make them marketable and employable in the “real
world”

Snoezelen room creates calming environment: Shayla Guralski’s story

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQjnX0HEwBU
 Video
The Sensory Room

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HBsPwXaIFw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9j6rQ4rtQY
 Example Schools – Integrated Program

SMK Panji, Kota Bharu, Kelantan

• Students’ behavior and development shows great improvement

• Therapy
o Animal Therapy corner which is built at the end corner of the special
education class is proven leaves positive impacts on the students
through the therapeutic relationship established between the animals
bred (chickens, rabbits and quails) and the students

• Activities
o MC Hammer Centre (carpentry activities)
o Master of ‘Cangkul’ Centre (planting and landscape activities)
o Launderette Centre (laundry and self-managerial activities)
o Cut and Trim Station (hair care activities)
o Garden Spa Station (facial treatment, manicure and pedicure
treatment)
o Art Attack Station (handicraft activities)
o Style and Design Station (sewing and designing activities)
 Example Schools – Integrated Program

SMK Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor

• regular secondary school located in an urban area

• training cooking, gardening, arts and crafts, home craft, bakery

• cafeteria for cooking and serving training, well set up kitchen to learn
house keeping skills, gardening area, arts and crafts centre

• parents are involved in activities such as fund-raising projects,

organizing local and oversea excursions and helping teachers in
bakery and outdoor activities

• working places such as restaurants, hotel, pet shops and shopping

malls located around Sunway
Inclusive Education Program
& Approaches
What is Inclusive Education
Inclusion

Means
“Inclusive Education Programme” means an educational
programme for a pupil with special educational needs which is for everybody
attended by a pupil with special educational needs together
with other pupils in the same class in a government school or Inclusion
government-aided school

Persons with Disability Act (Equal Opportunist, Protection of Rights and Full Participation, 1995)

• Equal opportunities to building in the nation

• Preventive and promotional rehabilitation of persons with disability, unemployment and establishment
of homes for persons with severe disability

• Right for education till age of 18

Special education program in Malaysia

Inclusive education program in Malaysia: Policy & Practice

• Inclusive education was introduced in the Malaysian Education Act 1996 (1998) together
with provisions for children with learning difficulties

• Inclusive education program is documented in the Act (1998, 342), which states:

1. For government and government-aided schools, pupils with special needs who are
educable are eligible to attend the special education programme except for the following
pupils:
o physically handicapped pupils with the mental ability to learn like normal pupils
o pupils with multiple disabilities or with profound physical handicap or severe mental
retardation

2. A pupil with special needs is educable if he is able to manage himself without help and is
confirmed by a panel consisting of a medical practitioner, an officer from the MOE and an
officer from the Welfare Department of the MWFCD, as capable of undergoing the national
educational programme.
 Principles of inclusive Education

• No discrimination with students

• Equal educational opportunity to all
• School adapt to the need of student
• Equal educational benefits for all students
• Students’ view are listened to and taken seriously
• Individual differences between students are a source of richness and diversity and not a problem

Aims and Objectives of Inclusive Education

• Education for all

• Protection of rights
• Identification of skills
• Development of social consciousness
• To prepare for new challenges
• Development of friendship
• To improve quality of education
 Kategori murid berkeperluan khas – Pendidikan Inklusif

Kategori kanak-kanak berkeperluan khas dalam pendidikan inklusif ini

• Antaranya adalah mereka yang tergolong dalam kategori masalah fizikal (cacat anggota)
• masalah emosi dan tingkah laku (Autisma dan ADHD)
• masalah pembelajaran khusus Disleksia (Dyslexia)
• masalah penguasaan kemahiran 3M iaitu membaca, menulis dan mengira

(Azad & Norsayyidatina, 2010)

 The Role of Different Parties In Inclusive Education

• School

• Teachers

• Peers/Mainstream students

• Parents

• The agency or external party • Interaction with family

• To be able to solve their problem
• To develop new learning strategies
• To be able to develop self confidence
• To be able to provide special facilities
• To be able to look after their personal needs
• To be able to recognize their hidden talents
• To inculcate positive attitude
 Inclusive Education Issues

• Attitude of a teacher in the mainstream - they have attitudes and assumptions that these special
needs students are difficult to educate

• Lack to understand the concept of inclusive education

• Labelling by peers

• Lack of trained teacher

• Lack of teaching aids, equipment and funds

• Parent not involved

• Teachers and schools not supported

• Inaccessible environment & not condusive

• Social discrimination
 The benefits of inclusion for student with SEN and SEN inclusion setting

• Opportunities for interaction with peers of their own age

• Serve as peer tutors during instructional activities

• Play the role of a special “buddy” for the children with SEN – during lunch, class activies etc

• Learn a good deal about tolerance, individual difference and human exceptionality

• Understanding positive characteristics and abilities of children with SEN

• Learn about human service professional such as special education, therapy , vocational and
rehabilitation

• Offers the opportunity to learn to communicate effectively with a wide range of individual

• Bringing closer responds between students, teacher, parents, community and neihgbouhood

• Thus, it will improve social development and academic outcomes for all learners
Thank you