UNIT 5: INVENTIONS

TEST 1
I. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. internet B. energy C. battery D. computer
2. A. factory B. processor C. pollution D. atmosphere
3. A. motorbike B. appliance C. memory D. company
4. A. telephone B. researcher C. invention D. equipment
5. A. transmission B. century C. chemical D. holiday
II. Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase from the box.
software experiment operation systems display
storage space devices processor laboratory Hardware
1. The researchers are repeating the __________ on rats.
2. __________ is the mechanical components of a computer.
3. He writes __________ programs for financial institutions.
4. This small screen can __________ simple graphics as well as text.
5. She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical __________ .
6. These newly-designed __________ will appear on the exhibition next month.
7. The computer __________ detected an unrecoverable hardware error and reported it.
8. As defined in computer science, each character requires one byte of __________.
9. This software can be installed on both Linux and Windows __________ .
10. __________ is short for Central Processing Unit, one of the most important pieces of hardware
in any computing system.
III. Supply the correct form of the verbs in the present perfect or the past simple.
1. He __________ (already make) several calls up until now.
2. She __________ (watch) that show three times this week.
3. Since the first time I __________ (try) sushi, I __________ (never eat) it again.
4. __________ (you buy) food online during the past pandemic?
5. My best friend and I __________ (know) each other for over five years.
6. Lan can’t go out with you because she __________ (not finish) her homework yet.
7. My close friend loves this writer and he __________ (read) all of his books.
8. My uncle __________ (not smoke) for two weeks, he is trying to give it up.
9. Nam __________ (live) in Da Nang for twenty years and then he went to his hometown.
10. I __________ (not get) many good marks last year, but I __________ (get) lots of excellent
marks this year.
IV. Choose the correct option.
1. I cannot wait (seeing/to see) my parents.
2. (Have/Having) some close friends is really cheerful.
3. Ms. Elena risks (to lose/losing) her reviewing time.
4. She suggested (going/ to go) to a movie that weekend.
5. He learned (not to/to not) trust anyone after the scam.
6. Ms. Bella needs (to learn/learning) how to cook faster.
7. The editor recommends (to read/reading) this science book.
8. (To walking/Walking) 6000 steps a day is good for our health.
9. (Reading/Read) English articles helps you learn English effectively.
10. How is it possible (to finish/finishing) the project in that short time?
V. Match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B.
A B
1. This kind of machine works by electricity. a. No, I think it use diesel. This is its fuel tank.
2. Can you imagine life without the internet? b. What did he want to say?
3. Nikola Tesla said, “Invention is c. I’ll choose the internal combustion engine.
predominantly individualistic.”
4. Do you know who invented electric light? d. Well... I’ll refer to wash the dishes by hand.
5. Einstein was a great scientist. e. Are you talking about Albert Einstein?
6. I think penicillin is the greatest invention. f. You know, technology is changing as we
speak.
7. This is the latest in robot technology. g. I don’t care much because I’m not addicted
to the internet.
8. What is he famous for? h. An experiment.
9. What are you going to do with those stuffs? i. Thomas Edison?
10. The dishwasher is a wonderful invention. j. He patented the idea that atom could be split.
VI. Read the passage and choose the best option A, B, C or D.
An invention is a (1) __________ thing that someone has made. The computer was an invention (2)
__________ it was first made. We say when it was “invented”. New things that are made or created
are called inventions. Cars and plastics are inventions that everyone knows. Inventions are made by
(3) __________ .
Some inventions can be patented. A patent legally protects the (4) __________ property rights of
the inventor and legally recognizes that a (5) __________ invention is actually an invention.
Invention is also an important component of artistic and design creativity. Inventions often extend
the boundaries of human knowledge, experience or (6) __________ .
Ideas are also called inventions. (7) __________ can invent characters, and then invent a story
about them. Over time, humans have invented objects which make life easier for (8) __________ .
Because of this, a quote “necessity is the mother of invention”, was written.
1. A. new B. old C. easy D. difficult
2. A. how B. which C. why D. when
3. A. scientists B. engineers C. inventors D. technicians
4. A. intel B. intelligent C. intellectual D. intellectually
5. A. accused B. claimed C. qualified D. charged
6. A. potential B. capacity C. proficiency D. capability
7. A. Writers B. Typists C. Reporters D. Viewers
8. A. herself B. oneself C. himself D. themselves
VII. Reorder the words and phrases to make sentences.
1. keep up with / A / must / pace of / the / successful company / technological change
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. discovered / also / a / method / measuring / gold and silver / for / Archimedes / by using water
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. is / in / a / communication / very important / means / of / today’s society / Social intercourse
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Leonardo Da Vinci / a / but / gifted artist, / he / also / wide array / invented / a / of technologies /
was
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. own / More and more schools / the / their / home pages / have / posting / on / World Wide Web /
begun
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
6. designed / This program / is / to help / the beginner / and send / Morse Code / learn to receive
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7. is / as / the / high-level information processor / Artificial Intelligence / of ideal machine / seen
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
8. Is / between / much difference / a / there / smartphone / with / a Qwerty keyboard / and a
netbook?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

TEST 2
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. mouth B. amount C. ground D. ought
2. A. webs B. trips C. chefs D. disks
3. A. weigh B. rough C. cough D. laugh
4. A. changed B. discovered C. started D. performed
5. A. alert B. apple C. against D. around
II. Choose the correct option.
1. Molly agreed, but she did not (sound/hear) very convinced.
2. New scientific discoveries are being (taken/made) all the time.
3. He became famous as an (invention/inventor) of visual and aural effects.
4. Nothing great in the world has been accomplished (with/without) passion.
5. They crossed the mountains and (headed/heading) for the valleys beyond.
6. These seats are reserved for the (elderly/older) and women with babies.
7. The product provided (inadequate/inadequately) vitamin supplementation.
8. Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the (criminal/ crime)?
9. He developed his own program in (partner/partnership) with an American expert.
10. Plain vanilla ice cream (costs/spends) less to manufacture than an ice cream with nuts.
III. Supply the gerund or to-infinitive form of the verb in the brackets.
1. You advised __________ (take) that course, didn’t you?
2. The coach says __________ (swim) is good exercise.
3. It’s difficult __________ (get) up early in this cold winter.
4. Her favorite hobby is __________ (read), and mine is too.
5. It’s really cold and I don’t want __________ (go) out of bed yet.
6. __________ (Brush) your teeth is important for your healthy body.
7. This car is too expensive __________ (buy), so just hire it.
8. He mentioned __________ (see) my brother at a baseball game.
9. Do you wish __________ (participate) in the project?
10. I considered __________ (stay) silent, but I had to tell him the truth.

IV. Choose the underlined words that need correction.

1. I haven’t seen her for over ten years and then I bumped into her yesterday.
A B C D
2. He successfully has fixed many different types of computer, so I think
A B C
he’s an expert.
D
3. Astronauts say unmanned flights into space can make important and
A B C
excited discoveries.
D
4. I am pleased to tell you that your application for the post of salesman
A B C
have been successful.
 D
5. Scientists have used genetic engineers to protect tomatoes against the
A B C
effects of freezing.
D
V. Choose the best answers to complete the dialogues.
1. - A: What are these signs? I often see them in a lift.
- B: _________________________________________________________________________
A. They’re not signs. They’re Braille patterns.
B. Hope you enjoy it.
C. Yes, they are for blind people.
D. That’s a good question.
2. - A: Who invented compass?
- B: _________________________________________________________________________
A. The Chinese if I’m not mistaken.
B. I think it’s among the best inventions.
C. Between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD.
D. A compass is a device used for navigation.
3. - A:_________________________________________________________________________
- B: Was it the classic phone with the wire?
A. Do you know Graham Bell?
B. Graham Bell invented the telephone.
C. Who is Graham Bell?
D. What is Graham Bell well-known for?
4. - A:_________________________________________________________________________
- B: You must be kidding. It’s not that easy.
A. Do you want to be an inventor?
B. George is very interested in science.
C. You can always invent something if you want.
D. I’m thinking about my future career.
5. - A: There are new inventions in the world every day.
- B: _________________________________________________________________________
A. Yes, you can totally study hard to become a scientist.
B. I don’t think they own those inventions.
C. Is that the way the world is changing?
D. Really? I only hear about inventions in the past.
V. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C or D to each question.
There are thousands of other inventions that have contributed to the lives of humans across
millennia. Many of these inventions have even benefited animals and other living species. The
reason behind every invention is the need for it.
The main quality of an inventor is his or her ability to see what others are not able to see. While
most of us see a blue sky, some are able to see the patterns in the sky which leads them to
investigate more. Another important quality of an inventor is his or her desire to find a solution to a
problem. They keep abreast with the difficulties faced by human beings and focus on resolving
them.
Many of the inventors we have mentioned above were not recognized by their teachers nor their
peers. They often had eccentric personalities and maintained unusual routines. For example, Albert
Einstein was not comfortable with the teaching methods in his school and preferred to teach himself
complex subjects such as mathematics and algebra. He dressed eccentrically and kept an unusual
hairstyle and was often ridiculed for his views. However, his uniqueness is what led him to change
the way we approach the philosophy of science and brought about the groundbreaking theory of
relativity.
Inventions are any new discoveries that change the way we view our world. They can occur in art,
sciences, tools, machines, society, and even thoughts. Any process, composition, device, or method
that expands the limits of human knowledge, creativity, experience, or capability is called an
invention and can be brought about by any human who dares to think out of the box.
1. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Inventions Benefit Both Humans and Other Living Species
B. Important Qualities of an Inventor
C. Necessity is the Mother of Inventions
D. Inventions Change the Way We View Our World
2. The word “millennia” in the first paragraph means __________.
A. 1,000 years
B. more than 1,000 years
C. an indefinite number of years
D. a long time ago
3. Why does the author mention Albert Einstein in the third paragraph?
A. To explain why inventors had eccentric personalities and maintained unusual routines
B. Because Albert Einstein was not comfortable with the teaching methods in his school and
preferred to teach himself complex subjects such as mathematics and algebra
C. Because he was a famous scientist
D. Because he dressed eccentrically and kept an unusual hairstyle and was often ridiculed for his
views
4. What does the word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. inventors B. qualities of an inventor
C. human beings D. difficulties
5. According to the passage, which of the following fields does not occur in inventions?
A. art and sciences B. thoughts
 C. tools and machines D. none of the above
6. Which of the following is not a quality of an inventor?
A. being recognized by teachers and peers
B. uniqueness in personalities
C. maintaining unusual routines
D. ability to see what others can’t see
VI. Rewrite the second sentence so that it means similarly to the first one.
1. We needn’t have argued about it.
It was waste__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. Someone threw a stone at the window.
The window __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. This poem was written by a terminally ill young girl.
A __________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. The results must be analyzed in detail.
They________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5. As you get older, time seems to go faster.
The older____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. He said, “Why don’t we swap the lamp with the flower vase?”
He suggested _________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7. In spite of being very old, his car still runs very well.
Although his car ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8. We have been living under the most appalling conditions for two months.
We started ___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

TEST 3
I. Find the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. passenger B. instruction C. document D. customer
2. A. evidence B. advantage C. apartment D. arrangement
3. A. animal B. government C. component D. chocolate
4. A. designer B. connection C. potential D. character
5. A. grandmother B. discussion C. furniture D. evening
II. Supply the correct form of the word in the brackets.
1. Mozart is remembered by a street __________ after him. (name)
2. His parents ran a __________ and publishing company, (print)
3. Television is a __________ means of diffusing knowledge, (power)
4. The world is being transformed by __________ technology, (inform)
5. I don’t think technology in music will drive __________ to extinction, (create)
6. The car is __________ , but humans must drive it in case of emergencies, (drive)
7. Interior __________ always want to keep up to date with the latest trends, (design)
8. Companies protect their intellectual property with __________ and trademarks, (patent)
9. RAM - random access memory - is the temporary __________ component of a computer, (store)
10. Science and technology empower humans to control natural forces __________ . (effect)
III. Supply the correct tense of the verbs in the brackets.
1. We __________ (plan) to watch a movie tonight.
2. I __________ (not have) this much fun since I __________ (be) was a kid.
3. Jessica __________ (have) in the cafeteria every day.
4. __________ (Frank, present) his ideas to the director yet?
5. When Jim said that he __________ (like) me, I knew that he __________ (lie).
6. You can’t borrow my calculator because it __________ (not work).
7. It __________ (rain) quite hard - perhaps we shouldn’t go out now.
8. The children __________ (play) in the park when it __________ (start) to rain.
9. When I __________ (be) in high school, we __________ (often play) volleyball at weekends.
10. You won’t find him at home right now because he __________ (study) at school.
IV. Choose the best option A, B, C or D.
1. I __________ to school every day for the last two weeks.
A. walked B. have walked C. walk D. was walking
2. It is very difficult __________ because it smells horrible.
A. for I breathe B. to me for breathing
C. for me breathing D. for me to breathe
3. The manager decided __________ in their personal discussions.
A. to not participating B. not participating
C. not to participate D. to not participate
4. Jacky __________ in Seoul for five years, but he __________ in 2021.
A. lived - left B. has lived - left
C. lived - has left D. has lived - has left
5. My friend promised __________ the time to help me __________
A. to find - moving B. finding - move
C. finding - to move D. to find - move
6. This rule is __________ the usage of infinitives.
 A. enough useful understanding B. useful enough understanding
C. useful enough to understand D. enough useful to understand
7. I __________ my key some hours ago, so I __________ into the house.
A. lost - couldn’t get B. have lost - couldn’t get
C. lost - could get D. have lost - could get
8. Making friends __________ more difficult since I __________ to a new city.
A. become - moved B. has become - moved
C. became - have moved D. became - moved
9. __________ is better than __________, so keep your hands busy.
A. Do - say B. To do - saying
C. Doing - to say D. Doing - saying
10. They __________ reporting the results of the competition until they were sure.
A. delayed B. have delayed
C. were delaying D. delay
IV. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box.
A. He’s a famous scientist.
B. What’s special about him?
C. Some of them are the radio, neon lights, remote control, etc.
D. There may be some people with the name Tesla in the world.
E. That’s why there is a company named after him.
F. I guess you have never heard of Nikola Tesla.
G. And thank you very much for the information.
H. Yes, of course

Henry: Do you know Tesla?

Anna: (1)__________________________. It’s a very famous company in electric vehicles,
especially driverless cars.
Henry: No, I mean human, not organization.
Anna: Human? (2) __________________________ Who are you talking about?
Henry: (3) __________________________
Anna: Who is he?
Henry: (4) __________________________ He is best known for his contributions to the design
of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.
Anna: (5) __________________________
Henry: Nikola Tesla held aboutl96 patents across 26 countries worldwide. (6)
__________________________
Anna: (7) __________________________
Henry: I’m not sure about the naming of the Tesla technology company, but Nikola Tesla is one
of the greatest scientists.
Anna: Nice to know. (8) __________________________
Henry: Don’t mention it.
VI. Read the passage and write True or False next to the sentences.
James Watt (1736 - 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved
on Thomas Newcomen’s 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which
was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great
Britain and the rest of the world.
While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the
technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of
energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the
separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and improved the power, efficiency, and
cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce rotary motion,
greatly broadening its use beyond pumping water.
Watt attempted to commercialise his invention, but experienced great financial difficulties until he
entered a partnership with Matthew Boulton in 1775. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was
eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In his retirement, Watt continued to
develop new inventions though none was as significant as his steam engine work. He died in 1819
aged 83.
He developed the concept of horsepower, and the SI unit of power, the watt, was named after him.
1. Watt improved 1712 Newcomen steam engine to make his own steam
engine.
2. Watt’s .invention contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Great
Britain.
3. He worked as a professor in the University of Glasgow before inventing
the steam engines.
4. Watt’s steam engine consumed more energy but improved the power,
efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
5. Watt had no difficulties commercializing his steam engine.
6. Watt became rich thanks to the partnership with Mathew Boulton.
7. Steam engine is considered Watt’s most significant invention.
8. The SI unit of power was named after him because he invented it.
VII. Complete the second sentence using the words in the brackets.
1. It is likely Nathan has lost his schoolbag. (probably)
Nathan ______________________________________________________________________
2. You don’t have to worry on that score, (necessary)
It’s_________________________________________________________________________
3. Can you look after your aged grandmother? (take)
Can_________________________________________________________________________
4. He feels nervous when he faces so many people, (makes)
Facing ______________________________________________________________________
5. It’s so cold that I can’t take a shower, (too)
It’s_________________________________________________________________________
6. She can’t stand being questioned about her past, (hates)
She _________________________________________________________________________
7. Thank you for all of your kindness, (grateful)
I___________________________________________________________________________
8. He can’t read the ceiling light because it is too high, (enough)
The ceiling light ______________________________________________________________