Vol 2 2-2022

CHAPTER
9
Company Accounts—
Accounting for Share Capital
MEANING OF KEY TERMS USED IN THE CHAPTER
1. Company It is an entity incorporated through a process of law for undertaking

(usually) a business. It is an artificial person distinct and separate
from its members who are known as shareholders.
A company may be one person company, a private company or a public
company.
2. One Person Company It means a company which has only one person as a member.
3. Private Company It is a company with minimum paid-up share capital as may be prescribed*
and which by its Articles of Association:
(i) restricts the right to transfer its shares, if any.
(ii) except in the case of One Person Company, limits the number of
its members excluding its present and past employee members to
200; if the past or present employee acquired the shares while in
employment and continue to hold them.
If any share is held jointly by two or more persons, they shall be treated
as a single member.
(iii) prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for any securities of
the company.
The minimum number of members required to form a private company
is two.
The name of a Private Company ends with the words, ‘Private Limited’.
4. Public Company It is a company which has minimum paid-up share capital as may be
prescribed* and
(i) is not a one person company or a private company;
(ii) is a private company, being a subsidiary of a company which is not a
private company.
Minimum number of members required to form a public limited
company is seven. There is no restriction on maximum number of members.
The name of a public company ends with the word ‘Limited’.
5. Share ‘Share’ means a share in the Share Capital of a company and includes
stock. [Section 2(84) of the Companies Act, 2013]
It is a unit into which Share Capital of a company is divided.
* The companies are not required to have minimum paid-up capital at present vide notification dated
20th May, 2015.
9.2 Double Entry Book Keeping—CBSE XII
6. Share Capital Share Capital means the share capital issued and subscribed. Share Capital
of a company limited by shares is of two kinds, namely,
(A) Preference Share Capital, and
(B) Equity Share Capital.
7. Preference Share Capital It is a kind of share capital which carries preferential rights in respect of
payment of dividend and repayment of capital over Equity Share Capital,
if the company is wound-up.
8. Equity Share Capital It is that share capital which is not Preference Share Capital.
9. Allotment of Shares Allotment is the allocation of shares to the successful applicants

by the directors of a company.
10. Allotment Money The amount payable on allotment is called ‘Allotment Money’.
11. Authorised or Nominal ‘Authorised Capital’ or ‘Nominal Capital’ means such capital as is
Capital authorised by the Memorandum of a company to be the maximum amount
of Share Capital of the company.
[Section 2(8) of the Companies Act, 2013]
It is the maximum amount of capital which the company is, for the
time being, authorised to raise.
12. Issued Capital ‘Issued Capital’ means such capital as the company issues from time
to time for Subscription. [Section 2(50) of the Companies Act, 2013]
13. Subscribed Capital ‘Subscribed Capital’ means such part of the capital which is for the time
being subscribed by the members of a company.
14. Paid-up Share Capital or

‘Paid-up Share Capital’ or ‘Share Capital Paid-up’ means such
Share Capital Paid-up
aggregate of money credited and paid-up as is equivalent to the amount
received as paid-up in respect of shares issued and also includes any amount
credited as paid-up in respect of shares of a company, but does not include any
other amount received in respect of such shares, by whatever name called.
15. Subscribed and Fully It is the amount of share capital issued by a company that is
Paid-up subscribed on which the company has called and also received entire
nominal (face) value of the share.
16. Subscribed but not It is the amount of share capital issued by a company that is
Fully Paid-up subscribed but the company has not received entire nominal (face) value
of the share.
17. Reserve Capital It is that part of the subscribed capital that a company resolves to
call in the event of its winding-up.
18. Capital Reserve It is a reserve created out of capital profits.
19. Issue of Shares for Cash It means the consideration for shares is received by way of cheque
or any other banking instrument.
Chapter 9 . Company Accounts—Accounting for Share Capital 9.3
20. Issue of Shares for It means consideration for shares is not received by way of
Consideration Other cheque or any other banking instrument but they have been issued for
than Cash assets purchased or services taken.
21. Par Value Par value means the Nominal or Face value of a share.
22. Issue of Shares at Par It means the issue price and nominal (face) value of the share is same.
23. Issue of Shares at It means the issue price of the share is higher than its nominal
Premium (face) value.
24. Shares Payable in It means that shares are issued for a consideration payable in
Lump sum Lump sum, i.e., full issue price is payable along with the application.
25. Shares Payable in It means that shares are issued for a consideration not payable in
Instalments Lump sum but in parts.
26. Undersubscription The shares are said to be undersubscribed if the number of shares
of Shares applied for is less than the number of shares issued for subscription.
27. Oversubscription When the company receives applications for more shares than
of Shares issued, it is known as ‘Oversubscription’.
28. Pro rata Allotment Pro rata allotment means allotment in proportion of shares applied for.
29. Calls-in-Arrears It is that part of the calls money that has been called-up by the company
but has not been received by the company.
30. Calls-in-Advance It is that amount which has not been called-up by the company but has
been received by the company.
31. Forfeiture of Shares Forfeiture of shares means cancellation of allotted shares.
32. Reissue of Shares Reissue of shares means sale of forfeited shares.
33. Private Placement It refers to issue and allotment of shares to a selected group of persons.
of Shares
34. Employees Stock Option It means the option granted to the employee directors and employees of a
company which gives such employee directors and employees, the right
to purchase, or to subscribe for, the shares of the company at a future date
at a predetermined price.
35. Sweat Equity The term ‘Sweat Equity Shares’ is defined in the Companies Act, 2013
[Section 2(88)] as “Sweat Equity Shares means such equity shares as are issued
by a company to its directors or employees at a discount or for consideration
other than cash, for providing their know-how or making available rights in the
nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called.”
Thus, Sweat Equity Shares can be issued in lieu of know-how or intellectual
property right or value additions which may be called by any name. Further
these shares may be issued at a discount for cash or for consideration
other than cash. Sweat Equity Shares are allowed to be issued at discount
by Section 54 of the Companies Act, 2013. However, a company may issue
these shares at par or at premium, as it decides.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
• A company is an organisation formed by an association of persons through a process of law for undertaking
(usually) a business venture.
The essential characteristics of a company are:
(i) It is a voluntary association of individuals coming into existence through a process of law for undertaking
(usually) a business.
(ii) It is an artificial legal person created by the process of law.
(iii) It has a separate legal entity.
(iv) It has a perpetual succession, i.e., it can be created and wound up by law only.
(v) It may or may not have a common seal, i.e., official seal of the company.
(vi) The shares of a company can be transferred from one person to another.
• Share Capital
Authorised Share Capital is the maximum amount up to which a company can issue shares.
(i)
(ii) Issued Share Capital is a part of authorised share capital that is issued by the company for subscription.
(iii) Subscribed Share Capital is a part of issued share capital that is subscribed.

Subscribed Share Capital is shown as:
— Subscribed and fully paid-up.
— Subscribed but not fully paid-up.
• Called-up amount is the amount of nominal value of share that has been called-up for payment.
• Paid-up amount is the amount that is received by the company.
(iv) Reserve Capital is a part of subscribed share capital that a company resolves, by a Special Resolution, not to
call except in the event and for the purpose of company being wound up.
• Types of Shares: Shares that can be issued are Preference Shares or Equity Shares.
Preference Shares are the shares that carry preferential right as to dividend at fixed rate and preferential
right as to repayment of capital.
Equity Shares are the shares that are not Preference Shares.
Shares can be issued (i) for cash and (ii) for consideration other than cash.
Further, the shares can be issued for cash: (i) at par, or (ii) at premium.
• Shares can be Issued for consideration other than cash: (i) at par, or (ii) at premium.
• Oversubscription of Shares means shares applied for are more than the shares offered for subscription.
• Undersubscription of Shares means shares applied for are less than the shares offered for subscription.
• Pro rata Allotment means allotment of shares in a fixed proportion. Pro rata allotment takes place only when
the shares are oversubscribed.
• Securities Premium can be utilised for the purposes prescribed in Section 52(2) of the Companies Act, 2013,
which are:
(i) writing off preliminary expenses;
(ii) writing off expenses such as share issue expenses, commission, discount allowed on issue of Securities;
(iii) providing for the premium payable on redemption of debentures or Preference Shares;
(iv) in buying-back its own shares; or
(v) issuing fully paid bonus shares.
• Call is a demand by a company from the holders of partly paid shares to pay a further instalment towards full
nominal value.
• Calls-in-Arrears is the amount not yet received by the company against the call or calls demanded.
• Calls-in-Advance is the amount received by the company from its allottees against the calls not yet made.
Calls-in-Advance is shown as ‘Other Current Liabilities’ under the main head of ‘Current Liabilities’.
• Forfeiture of shares means cancellation of shares and forfeiting the amount received against these shares.
Forfeiture of shares takes place when a shareholder fails to pay the calls made.
Securities Premium — How dealt when shares are forfeited
In case where Securities Premium Account has been credited and also it has been received—Securities Premium
Account is not debited because of the restrictions on its use due to Section 52(2) of the Companies Act, 2013
as to utilisation.
In case Securities Premium Account has been credited but the amount has not been received—Securities Premium
Account is debited because, the amount has not been received and, therefore, Section 52(2) of the Companies
Act, 2013 does not apply.
Reissue of Forfeited Shares: Forfeited Shares can be reissued and they may be reissued at a value lower than
its face value. But the discount on reissue of a share cannot be more than the forfeited amount of that share
credited to Forfeited Shares Account at the time of forfeiture.
Regarding Reissue of Forfeited Shares, always keep in mind that:
1. Discount on Reissue of forfeited shares cannot exceed the forfeited amount on such shares.
2. If the Discount on reissue is less than the amount forfeited, the surplus (i.e., gain on reissue of shares)
is transferred to Capital Reserve.
3. When only a part of the forfeited shares is reissued then the gain on reissue of such shares is transferred
to Capital Reserve.
4. The forfeited amount on shares not yet reissued is shown in the Balance Sheet as an addition to the
paid-up share capital.
5. When the shares are reissued at Discount, such discount is debited to Forfeited Shares Account.
6. If the shares are reissued at a price which is more than the nominal (face) value of the shares, the excess
amount is credited to Securities Premium Account.
7. In case the forfeited shares are reissued at a price higher than the paid-up value, the excess of issue
price over paid-up value is credited to ‘Securities Premium Account’.
• Private Placement of Shares: It refers to issue and allotment of shares to a selected group of persons. In
other words, an issue, which is not a public issue but offered to a selected group of persons, is called Private
Placement of Shares.
• Employees Stock Option Plan (ESOP): It is the plan for granting options to subscribe shares by employees
and employee directors.
• Sweat Equity: “Sweat Equity Shares means such equity shares as are issued by a company to its directors or employees
at a discount or for consideration other than cash, for providing their know-how or making available rights in the
nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called.”
Solved Questions
Illustration 1 (Comprehensive Illustration).
Paliwal Exports Ltd. with a share capital of ` 1,00,000 divided into 2,000 Equity Shares of ` 50
each offers Equity Shares to the public as follows:
` 10 payable on application, ` 10 payable on allotment, ` 15 payable on first call and ` 15
payable on second call.
Shareholder ‘A’ who holds 30 Equity Shares has paid only application money.
Shareholder ‘B’ who holds 20 Equity Shares has paid application money on 20 Equity Shares
and allotment money on only 10 Equity Shares. He has not paid any other calls.
Shareholder ‘C’ who holds 18 Equity Shares has paid only application and allotment money.
Shareholder ‘D’ who holds 5 Equity Shares has paid application, allotment and first call money.
Shareholder ‘E’ who holds 3 Equity Shares has paid application, allotment and first call money
in full and second call money on only 2 Equity Shares.
The company forfeits the shares of the above shareholders who have not paid the arrears.
Journalise above transactions including entries relating to Bank in the books of Paliwal Exports Ltd.
Solution: JOURNAL OF PALIWAL EXPORTS LTD.

Date Particulars L.F. Dr. (`) Cr. (`)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 20,000
To Shares Application A/c 20,000
(Application money received on 2,000 shares)
Shares Application A/c ...Dr. 20,000
To Share Capital A/c 20,000
(Transfer of application money on 2,000 shares to
Share Capital Account)
Shares Allotment A/c ...Dr. 20,000
(Allotment money due on 2,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 19,600
To Shares Allotment A/c 19,600
(Allotment money received on 1,960 shares)
Shares First Call A/c ...Dr. 30,000
(First call money due on 2,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 28,980
To Shares First Call A/c 28,980
(First call money received on 1,932 shares)
Shares Second and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 30,000
(Second and final call money due on 2,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 28,890
To Shares Second and Final Call A/c 28,890
(Second and final call received on 1,926 shares)
Share Capital A/c (76 × ` 50) ...Dr. 3,800
To Forfeited Shares A/c 1,270
To Shares Allotment A/c 400
(76 shares forfeited as per Board’s Resolution dated...)
Note: STATEMENT SHOWING AMOUNT RECEIVED AND

CALLS-IN-ARREARS ON FORFEITED SHARES
Name of Shares Application Shares Allotment Shares First Call Shares Second and
Allottee ` 10 ` 10 ` 15 Final Call ` 15
Due Received Arrears Due Received Arrears Due Received Arrears Due Received Arrears
` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `
A—30 Shares 300 300 NIL 300 NIL 300 450 NIL 450 450 NIL 450
B—20 Shares 200 200 NIL 200 100 100 300 NIL 300 300 NIL 300
C—18 Shares 180 180 NIL 180 180 NIL 270 NIL 270 270 NIL 270
D—5 Shares 50 50 NIL 50 50 NIL 75 75 NIL 75 NIL 75
E—3 Shares 30 30 NIL 30 30 NIL 45 45 NIL 45 30 15
760 760 NIL 760 360 400 1,140 120 1,020 1,140 30 1,110
Amount received on 76 forfeited shares = ` 760 (on application) + ` 360 (on allotment)
+ ` 120 (on first call) + ` 30 (on second and final call)
= ` 1,270.
No. of forfeited shares = 30(A) + 20(B) + 18(C) + 5(D) + 3(E) = 76 shares.
Illustration 2 (Comprehensive Illustration).

H Limited issued a prospectus inviting applications for 20,000 shares of ` 10 each at a premium of
` 2 per share payable as follows:
On application ` 2; on allotment ` 5 (including premium); on first call ` 3; on second and final
call ` 2.
Applications were received for 30,000 shares and pro rata allotment was made on the
applications for 24,000 shares. Money overpaid on applications was adjusted against amount
due on allotment.
Ramesh, to whom 400 shares were allotted, failed to pay the allotment money and on his
subsequent failure to pay first call his shares were forfeited. Mohan, the holder of 600 shares,
failed to pay two calls and his shares were forfeited after the second call.
Of the shares forfeited, 800 shares were sold to Krishna credited as fully paid for ` 9 per share,
the whole of Ramesh’s shares being included.
Pass Journal entries and prepare the Balance Sheet.
Solution: In the Books of H Limited

JOURNAL
Bank A/c ...Dr. 60,000
To Shares Application A/c 60,000
(Application money received on 30,000 shares @ ` 2 per share)
Shares Application A/c (30,000 × ` 2) ...Dr. 60,000

To Share Capital A/c (20,000 × ` 2) 40,000
To Shares Allotment A/c (4,000 × ` 2) 8,000
To Bank A/c (6,000 × ` 2) 12,000
(Application money adjusted and surplus refunded)
Shares Allotment A/c (20,000 × ` 5) ...Dr. 1,00,000

To Share Capital A/c (20,000 × ` 3) 60,000
To Securities Premium A/c (20,000 × ` 2) 40,000
(Amount due on allotment @ ` 5 per share on 20,000 allotted shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 90,160

To Shares Allotment A/c (WN 1 and 2) 90,160
(Receipt of allotment money less Ramesh’s share)
Shares First Call A/c ...Dr. 60,000

(First call due @ ` 3 on 20,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 57,000

(Receipt of first call money on 20,000 shares less 1,000 shares of Ramesh
and Mohan)

Securities Premium A/c (400 × ` 2) ...Dr. 800
To Shares Allotment A/c (WN 1) 1,840
To Forfeited Shares A/c (WN 3) 960
(Forfeiture of 400 shares held by Ramesh for non-payment of allotment
and first call money)
Shares Second and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 39,200

(Amount due on second and final call @ ` 2 per share on 19,600 shares
(i.e., 20,000 shares – 400 forfeited shares))
Bank A/c ...Dr. 38,000
(Receipt of second and final call money on 19,600 shares, less
Mohan’s 600 shares)
Share Capital A/c ...Dr. 6,000
(Forfeiture of Mohan’s 600 shares, for non-payment of both the calls)
Bank A/c (800 × ` 9) ...Dr. 7,200
Forfeited Shares A/c (800 × ` 1) ...Dr. 800
(Reissue of 800 shares, discount allowed being ` 800)
Forfeited Shares A/c ...Dr. 2,160
To Capital Reserve A/c (WN 4) 2,160
(Profit on reissue of 800 shares transferred to Capital Reserve)
Working Notes:
1. Calculation of amount not paid by Ramesh on allotment:
(a) Number of shares applied by Ramesh:
20,000 shares allotted to applicants for 24,000
400 shares allotted to applicants who applied for 24,000/20,000 × 400 = 480 shares. `
(b) Ramesh paid only application money @ ` 2 on 480 shares 960
Less: Application money due on shares allotted (400 × ` 2) 800
Excess application money to be adjusted 160
(c) Allotment money due on 400 shares @ ` 5 2,000
Less: Excess money transferred from Shares Application A/c [WN 1(b)] 160
Amount not paid by Ramesh on allotment 1,840
2. Allotment money received = ` 1,00,000 – ` 8,000 – ` 1,840 = ` 90,160.
3. Since the question is silent as to utilisation of ` 160 (excess received on application from Ramesh) between
Share Capital and Securities Premium, it has been assumed that the entire excess of ` 160 is exclusively for
share capital and hence credited to Forfeited Shares Account.
4. The amount of ` 2,160 transferred from Forfeited Shares Account to Capital Reserve has been
calculated as:
`
Amount relating to shares of Ramesh (480 × ` 2) 960
Less: Discount allowed on reissue 400 560
Amount relating to shares of Mohan (400 × ` 5) 2,000
Less: Discount allowed on reissue of 400 shares 400 1,600
2,160
BALANCE SHEET as at ...
Particulars Note No. `
I. EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Shareholders’ Funds
(a) Share Capital 1 1,99,000
(b) Reserves and Surplus 2 41,360
Total 2,40,360
I I. ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and Cash Equivalents 3 2,40,360
Total 2,40,360
Notes to Accounts
1. Share Capital `
Authorised Capital
... Equity Shares of ` 10 each ...
Issued Capital
20,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each 2,00,000
Subscribed Capital
Subscribed and Fully Paid-up
Add: Forfeited Shares A/c (Note) 1,000
1,99,000
2. Reserves and Surplus
Capital Reserve 2,160
Securities Premium (19,600 shares @ ` 2 per share) 39,200
41,360
3. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash at Bank 2,40,360
Note: Since 200 shares of Mohan have not yet been reissued, the forfeited amount in respect of these shares
remain in the Forfeited Shares Account.
Illustration 3.
MD Enterprises Ltd. invited applications for 50,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each payable
along with application. Applications were received for 60,000 shares. Allotment was made on
pro rata basis.
Pass necessary Journal entries.
Solution: JOURNAL OF MD ENTERPRISES LTD.
Bank A/c ...Dr. 6,00,000

To Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c 6,00,000
(Application received for 60,000 Equity Shares @ ` 10 each)
Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 5,00,000

To Equity Share Capital A/c 5,00,000
(Shares allotted to all the applicants on pro rata)

To Bank A/c 1,00,000
(Excess application money refunded)
Alternatively, a compound entry can be passed instead of Last two entries as follows:


To Bank A/c 1,00,000
(Equity shares allotted on pro rata basis to all applicants and excess
application money refunded)
Illustration 4.
A company purchased a running business from M/s. Maheshwari Brothers for a sum of
` 1,50,000, payable as ` 1,20,000 in fully paid Equity Shares of ` 10 each and balance in cash.
The assets and liabilities consisted of the following:
Plant and Machinery ` 40,000; Stock ` 50,000;
Building ` 40,000; Cash ` 20,000;
Sundry Debtors ` 30,000; Sundry Creditors ` 20,000.
You are required to pass necessary Journal entries in the company’s books.
Solution: JOURNAL
Plant and Machinery A/c ...Dr. 40,000
Building A/c ...Dr. 40,000
Sundry Debtors A/c ...Dr. 30,000
Stock A/c ...Dr. 50,000
Cash A/c ...Dr. 20,000
To Sundry Creditors A/c 20,000
To M/s. Maheshwari Brothers 1,50,000
To Capital Reserve A/c (Balancing Figure) 10,000
(Assets and liabilities taken over)
M/s. Maheshwari Brothers ...Dr. 1,50,000
To Bank A/c 30,000
(Consideration paid to M/s. Maheshwari Brothers)
Illustration 5 (Forfeiture of Shares issued at Premium—Premium not received).

Mukesh Ltd. issued 10,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each at ` 12 per Equity Share. The amount
was payable as follows:
On application ` 3, on allotment ` 4 (including premium), on first call ` 3 and on final call ` 2.
The company did not make the final call. Mohan, holder of 250 Equity Shares, failed to pay
allotment and first call money. His shares were forfeited.
Pass the Journal entry for forfeiture of Mohan’s shares.
Solution: JOURNAL OF MUKESH LTD.
Equity Share Capital A/c (250 × ` 8) ...Dr. 2,000
Securities Premium A/c (250 × ` 2) ...Dr. 500
To Forfeited Shares A/c (250 × ` 3) 750
To Equity Shares Allotment A/c* (250 × ` 4) 1,000
To Equity Shares First Call A/c* (250 × ` 3) 750
(Forfeiture of Mohan’s 250 Equity Shares for non-payment of allotment
and first call money)
* If amount not received towards allotment and first call is transferred to Calls-in-Arrears Account,
Calls-in-Arrears Account will be credited.
Notes:
1. On forfeiture of shares, Share Capital Account is debited with the amount called on these shares (i.e., Number
of Forfeited Shares × Called-up Value per share).
2. In the case of Mohan, Securities Premium Account has been debited because the amount of premium has not
been received.
Illustration 6.
Prakash Engineering Company issued for public subscription 40,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each
at a premium of ` 2 per share, payable as:
On application ` 2 per share;
On allotment ` 5 per share (including premium);
On first call ` 2 per share;
On final call ` 3 per share.
Applications were received for 75,000 Equity Shares. The shares were allotted on pro rata basis
to the applicants of 60,000 shares only, remaining applications being rejected. Money overpaid
on application was utilised towards the sum due on allotment.
Ashok to whom 3,000 shares were allotted failed to pay the allotment money and the two calls.
Baneet who applied for 3,000 shares paid the calls money along with allotment money. Pass
Journal entries to record the above transactions. (Delhi and AI 2008 C)
Solution: In the Books of Prakash Engineering Company

JOURNAL
Bank A/c ...Dr. 1,50,000
To Equity Shares Application A/c 1,50,000
(Application money received on 75,000 Equity Shares @ ` 2 per share)
Equity Shares Application A/c ...Dr. 1,50,000
To Equity Share Capital A/c (40,000 × ` 2) 80,000
To Equity Shares Allotment A/c (20,000 × ` 2) 40,000
To Bank A/c (15,000 × ` 2) 30,000
(Application money adjusted)
Equity Shares Allotment A/c ...Dr. 2,00,000
To Securities Premium A/c 80,000
(Allotment money due on 40,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 1,58,000
To Equity Shares Allotment A/c (WN 1, 2 and 3) 1,48,000
To Calls-in-Advance A/c (2,000 × ` 5) (WN 4) 10,000
(Allotment money received except for 3,000 shares allotted to Ashok
and calls-in-advance is received on 2,000 shares of Baneet)
Equity Shares First Call A/c ...Dr. 80,000
To Equity Share Capital A/c 80,000
(First call money due on 40,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 70,000
Calls-in-Advance A/c ...Dr. 4,000
To Equity Shares First Call A/c 74,000
(First call money received except on 3,000 shares
[` 80,000 – ` 6,000 – ` 4,000 (Calls-in-Advance)])
Equity Shares Second and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 1,20,000
Bank A/c ...Dr. 1,05,000
Calls-in-Advance A/c ...Dr. 6,000
To Equity Shares Second and Final Call A/c 1,11,000
(Second and final call money received except on 3,000 shares
held by Ashok)
Working Notes:
1. 40,000 shares were allotted to the applicants for 60,000 shares
Number of shares applied by Ashok = 60,000/40,000 × 3,000 = 4,500 Shares
Therefore, application money paid by Ashok = 4,500 × ` 2 = ` 9,000.
2. Amount due but not paid by Ashok on allotment: `
Amount paid on application (WN 1) 9,000
Less: Amount adjusted on application (3,000 × ` 2) 6,000
Excess application money 3,000
Amount due on allotment (3000 × ` 5) 15,000
Less: Excess application money adjusted 3,000
Amount due but not paid by Ashok 12,000
3. Amount received on allotment:
Total amount due on allotment 2,00,000
Less: Excess application money adjusted 40,000
1,60,000
Less: Amount due but not paid by Ashok (WN 2) 12,000
Amount Received on Allotment 1,48,000
4. Number of shares allotted to Baneet = 40,000/60,000 × 3,000 = 2,000 shares.
I llustration 7. (Business Purchase and Issue of Shares).

Complete the following Journal entries:
Plant A/c ...Dr. 3,50,000
Land and Building A/c ...Dr. 6,00,000
Stock in Trade A/c ...Dr. 4,50,000
Goodwill A/c ...Dr. 2,00,000
To Sundry Creditors A/c 1,00,000
To Parag Gupta ?
(?)
? ...Dr. ?
To ? ?
To ? ?
(? Equity Shares of ` 10 each issued at a premium of 50%)
Solution:
Plant A/c ...Dr. 3,50,000
Land and Building A/c ...Dr. 6,00,000
Stock in Trade A/c ...Dr. 4,50,000
Goodwill A/c ...Dr. 2,00,000
To Sundry Creditors A/c 1,00,000
To Parag Gupta (Balancing Figure) 15,00,000
(Business purchased for ` 15,00,000)
Parag Gupta ...Dr. 15,00,000
To Securities Premium A/c 5,00,000
(1,00,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each issued at a premium of 50%) (Note)
Purchase Consideration ` 15,00,000
Note: Number of Equity Shares to be issued = = = 1,00,000 shares.
Issue Price of Share ` 15
Illustration 8.
Hindustan Steel Ltd. invited applications for 4,00,000 equity shares of ` 10 each payable as: ` 3
on application, ` 4 on allotment and ` 3 on call. Applications for 13,10,000 shares were received
and allotment was made as follows:
Category Shares Applied Shares Allotted
A 1,00,000 1,00,000
B 1,00,000 80,000
C 70,000 20,000
D 1,80,000 40,000
E 2,00,000 40,000
F 6,60,000 1,20,000
Prepare the statement showing the adjustment of Application Money received:

(a) if excess Application Money was adjusted towards sum due on allotment,
(b) if excess Application Money was adjusted towards other sum due on shares.
Solution: Case (a) Excess Application Money was adjusted towards Sum Due on Allotment:
Category Shares Shares Application Adjustment of Application Money Received
Applied Allotted Money Share Shares Calls-in- Refund
Received (` ) Capital (`) Allotment (`) Advance (`) `
A 1,00,000 1,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000 ... ... ...
B 1,00,000 80,000 3,00,000 2,40,000 60,000 ... ...
C 70,000 20,000 2,10,000 60,000 80,000 ... 70,000
D 1,80,000 40,000 5,40,000 1,20,000 1,60,000 ... 2,60,000
E 2,00,000 40,000 6,00,000 1,20,000 1,60,000 ... 3,20,000
F 6,60,000 1,20,000 19,80,000 3,60,000 4,80,000 ... 11,40,000
Working Notes:
Category A: No Excess Application Money.
`
Category B: Application Money Received (1,00,000 × ` 3) 3,00,000
Adjusted: Application Money—Share Capital (80,000 × ` 3) 2,40,000
Adjusted towards Shares Allotment 60,000
Category C: Application Money Received (1,00,000 × ` 3) 3,00,000
Surplus adjusted towards Shares Allotment 60,000
Category D: Application Money Received (1,80,000 × ` 3) 5,40,000
Excess Application Money 4,20,000
Adjusted towards Shares Allotment (40,000 × ` 4) 1,60,000
Surplus to be refunded 2,60,000
Category E: Application Money Received (2,00,000 × ` 3) 6,00,000
Adjusted towards Shares Allotment (40,000 × ` 4) 1,60,000
Category F: Application Money Received (6,60,000 × ` 3) 19,80,000
Adjusted: Share Application—Share Capital (1,20,000 × ` 3) 3,60,000
Adjusted towards Shares Allotment (1,20,000 × ` 4) 4,80,000
Case (b) When Excess Application Money was adjusted towards other Sum Due on Shares:
Category Shares Shares Application Adjustment of Application Money Received
Applied Allotted Money Share Shares Calls-in- Refund
Received (` ) Capital (`) Allotment (`) Advance (`) `
A 1,00,000 1,00,000 3,00,000 3,00,000 ... ... ...
B 1,00,000 80,000 3,00,000 2,40,000 60,000 ... ...
C 70,000 20,000 2,10,000 60,000 80,000 60,000 10,000
D 1,80,000 40,000 5,40,000 1,20,000 1,60,000 1,20,000 1,40,000
E 2,00,000 40,000 6,00,000 1,20,000 1,60,000 1,20,000 2,00,000
F 6,60,000 1,20,000 19,80,000 3,60,000 4,80,000 3,60,000 7,80,000
Working Notes:
Category A and B: Refer to Case (a)

`
Category C: Application Money Received (70,000 × ` 3) 2,10,000
Adjusted: Application Money—Share Capital (20,000 × ` 3) 60,000
Adjusted on Shares Allotment (20,000 × ` 4) 80,000
Still Surplus 70,000
Adjusted on Call (20,000 × ` 3) 60,000
Surplus to be refunded 10,000
Category D: Application Money Received (1,80,000 × ` 3) 5,40,000
Adjusted On Shares Allotment (40,000 × ` 4) 1,60,000
Still Surplus 2,60,000
Adjusted on Call (40,000 × ` 3) 1,20,000
Category E: Application Money Received (2,00,000 ×3) 6,00,000

Adjusted: Share Application—Share Capital (40,000 × ` 3) 1,20,000
Surplus Application Money 4,80,000
Adjusted on Shares Allotment (40,000 × ` 4) 1,60,000
Adjusted on Call (40,000 × ` 3) 1,20,000
Category F: Application Money Received (6,60,000 × ` 3) 19,80,000

Adjusted: Application Money—Share Capital (1,20,000 × ` 3) 3,60,000
Adjusted towards Shares Allotment (1,20,000 × ` 4) 4,80,000
Adjusted on Call (1,20,000 × ` 3) 3,60,000
Illustration 9.
XYZ Ltd. issued 50,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each at a premium of ` 2 per share payable, ` 3
per share on application, ` 5 per share on allotment, ` 2 per share on first call and the balance
on second call. Unpaid amount towards Allotment and Calls Money was transferred to Calls-
in-Arrears Account. Mahima was allotted 800 shares. Pass Journal entries for forfeiture in the
books of the company in the following cases:
Case 1: Mahima paid application and allotment money when due but could not pay first
and second calls. Her shares were forfeited.
Case 2: Mahima could not pay the allotment and the first call money. Her shares were
forfeited after the first call.
Solution: JOURNAL OF XYZ LTD.

Date Particulars L.F. Dr. (` ) Cr. (`)
Case 1 Equity Share Capital A/c (800 × ` 10) ...Dr. 8,000

To Calls-in-Arrears A/c [(800 × ` 2) + (800 × ` 2)] 3,200
To Forfeited Shares A/c (800 × ` 6) 4,800
(800 Equity Shares forfeited for non-payment of first and
second calls)
Case 2 Equity Share Capital A/c (800 × ` 8) ...Dr. 6,400

Securities Premium A/c (800 × ` 2) ...Dr. 1,600
To Calls-in-Arrears A/c [(800 × ` 5) + (800 × ` 2)] 5,600
To Forfeited Shares A/c (800 × ` 3) 2,400
(800 Equity Shares forfeited for non-payment of allotment
and first call)
Illustration 10.
Nandan, a Director of ‘Nanda Agro Products Ltd.’, proposed in a Board Meeting that to
inculcate the habit of savings among people he wanted to bring a special issue of shares. His
proposal was accepted by the company.
The company issued 40,000 equity shares of ` 100 each. The share money per share was
payable as:
On Application—` 30,
On Allotment—` 50,
On First and Final Call—` 20.

Raman, a farmer holding 80 shares could not pay his call money on time. Nathan, another
farmer holding 50 shares, paid the call money also with allotment.
Raman paid the amount due from him after four months explaining the reason for delay; the
company did not charge any interest from him.
Calculate the amount received by the company on attotment. (Delhi 2016 C)
Solution:
Calculation of Amount Received on Allotment:
`
Allotment money due on 40,000 shares @ ` 50 per share 20,00,000
Add: Call money received in advance on 50 shares @ ` 20 per share 1,000
Amount Received on Allotment 20,01,000
Illustration 11.
Give Journal entries to record the following transactions of forfeiture and reissue of shares and
open Forfeited Shares Account in the books of the company.
L
Ltd. forfeited 470 Equity Shares of ` 10 each issued at a premium of ` 5 per share for non-
payment of allotment money of ` 8 per share (including share premium ` 5 per share) and
the first and final call of ` 5 per share. All the forfeited shares were subsequently reissued at
` 14 per share. (Delhi 2011, Modified)
Solution: In the Books of L Ltd.

JOURNAL
Date Particulars L.F. Dr. (`) Dr. (`)

To Equity Shares Allotment A/c (470 × ` 8) 3,760
To Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c (470 × ` 5) 2,350
Or
To Calls-in-Arrears A/c 6,110
(470 Shares forfeited due to non-payment of allotment and call money)
Bank A/c (470 × ` 14) ...Dr. 6,580

To Equity Share Capital A/c (470 × ` 10) 4,700
To Securities Premium A/c (470 × ` 4) 1,880
(470 Forfeited shares reissued @ ` 14 per share)
Forfeited Shares A/c ...Dr. 940

To Capital Reserve A/c 940
(Gain on reissue transferred to Capital Reserve)
Dr. FORFEITED SHARES ACCOUNT Cr.

Particulars
` Particulars `
To Capital Reserve A/c 940 By Equity Share Capital A/c 940

940 940
Illustration 12.
AB Ltd. invited applications for issuing 75,000 Equity Shares of ` 100 each at a premium of
` 30 per share. The amount was payable as follows:
On Application and Allotment—` 85 per share (including premium),
On First and Final Call—the balance Account.
Applications for 1,27,500 shares were received. Applications for 27,500 shares were rejected
and shares were allotted on pro rata basis to the remaining applicants. Excess money received
on application and alloment was adjusted towards sums due on first and final call. The
call was made. A shareholder, who applied for 1,000 shares, failed to pay the first and final
call money. His shares were forfeited. All the forfeited shares were reissued at ` 150 per share
as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary Journal entries for the above transactions in the books of AB Ltd. (Delhi 2014)
Solution: In the Books of AB Ltd.

JOURNAL
Bank A/c (1,27,500 × ` 85) ...Dr. 1,08,37,500

To Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c 1,08,37,500
(Application and allotment money received for 1,27,500
shares @ ` 85 per share)
Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 1,08,37,500

To Equity Share Capital A/c (75,000 × ` 55) 41,25,000
To Securities Premium A/c (75,000 × ` 30) 22,50,000
To Calls-in-Advance A/c 21,25,000
To Bank A/c (27,500 × ` 85) 23,37,500
(Shares allotted; applications for 27,500 shares rejected and the balance
applicants issued shares on pro rata)
Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c (75,000 × ` 45) ...Dr. 33,75,000
(First and final call due on 75,000 shares @ ` 45 per share)
Bank A/c (WN 2) ...Dr. 12,37,500

Calls-in-Advance A/c ...Dr. 21,25,000
To Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c 33,62,500
(Amount due on shares first and final call received except on 750
shares and Calls-in-Advance adjusted)

To Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c 12,500
(750 shares forfeited for non-payment of first and final call)
Bank A/c (750 × ` 150) ...Dr. 1,12,500
To Securities Premium A/c 37,500
(750 forfeited shares reissued @ ` 150 per share as fully paid-up)
To Capital Reserve A/c 62,500
(Amount of Forfeited Shares Account credited to Capital
Reserve upon reissue)
Working Notes: `
1. Share Application and Allotment Money (1,000 × ` 85) 85,000
3 Shares Alloted against 4 shares applied, i.e., 3/4 × 1,000 shares = 750 shares
Appropriation of Shares Application Money
— Towards Share Capital (750 × ` 55) 41,250
— Towards Securities Premium (750 × ` 30) 22,500 63,750
Excess Application and Allotment Money Received 21,250
Amount due towards Shares First and Final Call (750 × ` 45) 33,750
Amount not received on 750 Shares (` 33,750 – ` 21,250) 12,500
2. Amount Received on First and Final Call:
Amount Due (75,000 × ` 45) 33,75,000
Less: Calls-in-Advance* 21,25,000*
12,50,000
Less: Amount not received on 750 Shares (WN 1) 12,500
Amount Received on First and Final Call 12,37,500
*Calls-in-Advance = Total Amount Received on Application – Amount Refunded – Amount Adjusted

towards Share Capital and Securities Premium
= ` 1,08,37,500 – ` 23,37,500 – ` 41,25,000 – ` 22,50,000 = ` 21,25,000.
Illustration 13 (Forfeiture of Shares Originally issued at Par, Reissued at Discount).

A Ltd. forfeited 200 Equity Shares of ` 10 each fully called-up, held by X for non-payment
of allotment money of ` 3 per equity share and final call of ` 4 per equity share. He paid the
application money of ` 3 per share. These shares were reissued to Y for ` 8 per share. Give
Journal entries for the forfeiture and reissue of shares.
Solution: In the Books of A Ltd.
JOURNAL
To Shares Allotment A/c (200 × ` 3) 600
To Shares Final Call A/c (200 × ` 4) 800
(Forfeiture of 200 shares held by X)
Bank A/c (200 × ` 8) ...Dr. 1,600
Forfeited Shares A/c (200 × ` 2) ...Dr. 400
To Share Capital A/c (200 × ` 10) 2,000
(Reissue of forfeited shares to Y)
Forfeited Shares A/c ...Dr. 200
To Capital Reserve A/c 200
(Transfer of gain on reissue to Capital Reserve)
Illustration 14.
Bharat Ltd. invited applications for 2,00,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each. The amount was payable
as follows:
On application ` 3 per share, on allotment ` 5 per share, and on first and final call ` 2 per share.
Applications were received for 3,00,000 shares and pro rata allotment was made to all
the applicants.
Bajaj, who was allotted 3,000 shares failed to pay the allotment and call money. His shares
were forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares, 2,500 shares were reissued as fully paid-up
@ ` 8 per share.
Pass Journal entries to record the above transactions. (Delhi 2002 C)
Solution: In the Books of Bharat Ltd.

JOURNAL
Bank A/c ...Dr. 9,00,000

To Equity Shares Application A/c 9,00,000
(Application money received on 3,00,000 shares)
Equity Shares Application A/c ...Dr. 9,00,000
To Equity Shares Allotment A/c 3,00,000
Equity Shares Allotment A/c ...Dr. 10,00,000
(Allotment money due on 2,00,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 6,89,500
To Equity Shares Allotment A/c 6,89,500
(Remaining allotment money received on 1,97,000 shares) (WN 2)
Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 4,00,000
(First and final call money due on 2,00,000 shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 3,94,000
To Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c 3,94,000
(First and final call money received on 1,97,000 shares @ ` 2 per share)
Equity Share Capital A/c ...Dr. 30,000
To Equity Shares Allotment A/c 10,500
To Equity Shares First and Final Call A/c 6,000
(3,000 shares forfeited for non-payment of allotment and first
and final call) (WN 1)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 20,000
(Reissue of 2,500 shares as fully paid-up @ ` 8 per share)
To Capital Reserve A/c 6,250
(Gain on 2,500 reissued shares transferred to Capital Reserve) (WN 3)
Working Notes:
1. Calculation of the amount due but not paid on allotment in case of Bajaj:
3,00,000
(a) Total number of shares applied by Bajaj = × 3,000 = 4,500 shares.
2,00,000
`
(b) Application money received on shares applied (4,500 × ` 3) 13,500
(c) Excess application money adjusted on allotment [` 13,500 – (3,000 × ` 3)] 4,500
(d) Total amount due on allotment (3,000 × ` 5) 15,000
(e) Amount due but not paid by Bajaj on allotment [` 15,000 – ` 4,500 (c)] 10,500
2. Calculation of allotment money received later:
(a) Total allotment money due (2,00,000 × ` 5) 10,00,000
(b) Less: (i) Already received 3,00,000
(ii) Amount due but not paid by Bajaj on allotment (WN 1) 10,500 3,10,500
Allotment money received 6,89,500
3. Calculation of amount transferred to Capital Reserve:
 ` 13,500 
Amount forfeited on reissued shares   2,500  11,250
 3,000 
Less: Loss on reissue 5,000
Gain on reissued shares transferred to Capital Reserve 6,250
Illustration 15 (Pro rata Allotment in Different Cases).

Mandal Ltd. invited applications for the issue of 25,000 shares of ` 10 each. The amount was
payable as: ` 4 on application; ` 3 on allotment; ` 3 on first and final call. Mandal Ltd. has
decided to make pro rata allotment if shares applied by the public are more than the shares
issued and to utilise surplus money towards allotment.
Pass necessary Journal entries in each of the following cases:
Case 1: If the applications are received for 37,500 shares.
Solution:
Case 1. JOURNAL OF MANDAL LTD.
Bank A/c ...Dr. 1,50,000
To Shares Application A/c 1,50,000
(Application money received)
Shares Application A/c ...Dr. 1,50,000
To Share Capital A/c 1,00,000
(Allotment money due)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 25,000

(Allotment money received) (WN)
Shares First and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 75,000
(Call money due)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 75,000
To Shares First and Final call A/c 75,000
(Call money received)
Working Note:
Amount Due on Allotment = 25,000 × ` 3 = ` 75,000;
Excess Application Money Received = (37,500 – 25,000) × ` 4 = ` 50,000.
I t means, the excess application money ` 50,000 will be adjusted towards shares allotment and only ` 25,000
will be received later.
Case 2. JOURNAL
Bank A/c ...Dr. 1,75,000
(Call money due)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 75,000
Working Note:
Amount Due on Allotment = ` 75,000; Excess Application Money Received = (43,750 – 25,000) × ` 4 = ` 75,000.
It means, the entire excess application money will be adjusted towards shares allotment and no amount will be
received on allotment.
Case 3. JOURNAL
Bank A/c ...Dr. 2,00,000
To Bank A/c 25,000
(Call money due)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 75,000
Working Note:
Amount Due on Allotment = ` 75,000; Excess Application Money = (50,000 – 25,000) × ` 4 = ` 1,00,000.
Out of excess application money, ` 75,000 is adjusted towards shares allotment and balance ` 25,000 will be
refunded. No amount will be received on allotment.
Case 4. JOURNAL
Bank A/c ...Dr. 2,20,000
To Bank A/c 45,000
(Call money due)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 75,000
Working Note:
Amount Due on Allotment = ` 75,000; Excess Application Money = (55,000 – 25,000) × ` 4 = ` 1,20,000.
Out of excess application money, ` 75,000 is adjusted towards shares allotment and balance ` 45,000 will be
refunded. No amount will be received on shares allotment because the entire amount due towards shares
allotment has been already received along with application money.
Illustration 16 (Forfeiture of Shares Issued at Premium—Premium Received).

A Ltd. issued 10,000 Equity Shares of ` 100 each at ` 120 payable as follows:
` 25 on application, ` 45 on allotment (including premium), ` 20 on first call; and ` 30 on
second and final call.
9,000 Equity Shares were applied for and allotted. All the money was received with the
exception of first call and the final call on 200 Equity Shares held by Ram. These Equity Shares
were forfeited.
Pass Journal entries to record the above issue of shares and prepare extract of the Balance Sheet
showing share capital.
Solution: JOURNAL OF A LTD.

Bank A/c ...Dr. 2,25,000
(Application money received on 9,000 Equity Shares)
(Transfer of application money to Share Capital Account)
Shares Allotment A/c ...Dr. 4,05,000
(Amount due on allotment—` 25 on account of share capital and ` 20
on account of securities premium)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 4,05,000
To Shares Allotment A/c 4,05,000
(Amount due on allotment received)
Shares First Call A/c ...Dr. 1,80,000
(Amount due on first call @ ` 20 per share on 9,000 Equity Shares)
Bank A/c ...Dr. 1,76,000
To Shares First Call A/c 1,76,000
(Amount received on account of the first call, i.e., ` 20 on
8,800 Equity Shares)
Shares Second and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 2,70,000
Bank A/c ...Dr. 2,64,000
To Shares Second and Final Call A/c 2,64,000
(Amount actually received on account of second and final call)
(200 shares forfeited for non-payment of first call and second and
final call money)
Students should prepare the Ledger Accounts to draw the Balance Sheet.
BALANCE SHEET OF A LTD. as at ...

Share Capital 1 8,90,000
Note to Accounts
1. Share Capital `
Authorised Capital
... Equity Shares of ` 100 each ...
Issued Capital
Subscribed Capital
Subscribed and fully paid-up
Forfeited Shares A/c (200 × ` 50) 10,000
8,90,000
Unsolved Questions
1. SRCC Ltd. invited applications for 2,00,000 equity shares of ` 10 each payable as ` 3 on application, ` 4
on allotment and ` 3 on call. Applications for 6,55,000 shares were received and the allotment was made
as follows:
Category Shares Applied Shares Allotted
A 50,000 50,000
B 50,000 40,000
C 35,000 10,000
D 90,000 20,000
E 1,00,000 20,000
F 3,30,000 60,000
Prepare the statement showing the adjustment of Application money received:

(a) if excess Application money was adjusted towards sum due on allotment,
(b) if excess Application money was adjusted towards other sum due on shares.
[Ans.: Surplus Refunded (a): C—` 35,000; D—` 1,30,000; E—` 1,60,000; F—` 5,70,000.
Surplus Refunded (b): C—` 5,000; D—` 70,000; E—` 1,00,000; F—` 3,90,000.]
2. Z Ltd. forfeited 300 shares of Ankit who had applied for 500 shares on account of non-payment of
allotment money ` 5 (including ` 2 premium) and first call ` 2 per share. Only ` 3 per share was received
with application. Out of these 200 shares were reissued to Sanjay as fully paid shares of ` 10 each for
` 8 per share. Pass necessary Journal entries relating to forfeiture and reissue of shares.
[Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 600.]
3. Sangita Ltd. invited application for issuing 10,000 Equity Shares of ` 100 each. The amount was payable
as follows:
On application ` 30 per share;
On allotment ` 20 per share;
On First and Final Call Balance.
Applications were received for 22,000 shares. Application for 2,000 shares were rejected and their application
money was refunded. Shares were allotted to the remaining applicants under three categories as follows:
Category I. Allotted 50% Shares to Mohan who had applied for 4,000 shares.
Category II. Allotted shares in full to Sohan who had applied for 2,000 shares.
Category III. Allotted balance of the shares on pro rata basis to the other applicants.
Excess application money was utilised in payment of allotment and call. All calls were made and
were duly received except the first and final call on 60 shares allotted to an applicant who belongs to
Category III. His shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were reissued for ` 90 per share fully paid-up.
Pass the necessary Journal entries in the books of company.
[Ans.: No. of shares applied by Defaulter —140 shares, Amount due but not received on
First and Final call —` 1,800; Call Money received later on = ` 3,58,200;
Capital Reserve—` 3,600.]
4. Swaraj & Co. was registered with an authorised capital of ` 5,00,000 divided into 50,000 shares of ` 10 each.
The company offered 30,000 of these shares to the public, which were payable ` 2 per share on application,
` 4 per share on allotment and the balance three months later. Applications for 46,000 shares were received
on which company allotted shares as:
Applicants for 20,000 shares ... Full,
Applicants for 25,000 shares ... 40%,
Applicants for 1,000 shares ... Nil.
` 86,000 was realised on account of allotment money (excluding the amount carried from application
money) and ` 1,00,000 on account of call. The Directors decided to forfeit those shares on which allotment
money was overdue.
Show Journal entries in the company’s books. [Ans.: Forfeited Shares A/c—` 2,000.]
5. Rolga Ltd. is having an authorised capital of ` 50,00,000 divided into equity shares of ` 100 each. The
company offered 42,000 shares to the public. The amount payable was as follows:
On Application — ` 30 per share,
On Allotment — ` 40 per share (including premium),
On First and Final Call — ` 50 per share.
Applications were received for 40,000 shares.
All sums were duly received except the following:
Lal, a holder of 100 shares did not pay allotment and call money.
Pal, a holder of 200 shares did not pay call money.
The company forfeited the shares of Lal and Pal. Subsequently, the forfeited shares were reissued for
` 70 per share as fully paid-up. Show the entries for the above transactions in the Cash Book and Journal
of the company. (Delhi 2015 C)
[Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 4,000; Balance of Cash Book—` 48,02,000.]
6. Gupta Ltd. invited applications for issuing 30,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each at a premium of ` 30 per share.
The amount was payable as follows:
On Application — ` 10 per share (including ` 8 Premium),
On Allotment — ` 12 per share (including ` 9 Premium),
On First and Final Call — Balance.
Applications for 27,000 shares were received. All the calls were made and were duly received except
on 3,000 shares held by Shiva who failed to pay the Allotment and First and Final call money and on
2,000 shares of Girdhar who did not pay the First and Final call. Shares of Shiva and Girdhar were
forfeited. Out of the forfeited shares, 4,000 shares were reissued, including all the shares of Girdhar at
` 17 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary Journal entries in the books of Gupta Ltd. for the above transactions. (Foreigh 2012)
[Ans.: Amount Forfeited—` 16,000 (Shiva—` 6,000 + Girdhar—` 10,000); Amount
transferred to Capital Reserve—` 14,000; Money Received on Allotment—` 2,88,000.]
7. A Co. Ltd. offered to the public 20,000 Equity Shares of ` 100 each at a premium of ` 10 per share. The
payment was to be as:
On application — ` 20 per share,
On allotment — ` 40 per share (including premium),
On first call — ` 25 per share,
On second and final call — ` 25 per share.
Applications were received for 35,000 shares. Applications for 10,000 shares were rejected. Applicants for
15,000 shares were allotted 10,000 shares and remaining applications were accepted in full. The Directors
made both the calls. One shareholder holding 500 shares failed to pay the two calls and as a consequence
his shares were forfeited. 200 of these shares were reissued as fully paid-up at ` 80 per share.
Prepare Cash Book, Journal and the Balance Sheet on the basis of information given above.
[Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 6,000; Balance Sheet Total—` 21,91,000.]
8. Veer Ltd. invited applications for issuing 1,00,000 Equity Shares of ` 500 each at a premium of ` 100 per
share. The amount was payable as:
On allotment — ` 300 per share (including premium),
On first and final call — Balance of the amount.
Applications for 2,00,000 shares were received. Applications for 50,000 shares were rejected and the
application money was refunded. Pro rata allotment was made to the remaining applicants. Amount
overpaid with application was adjusted towards sums due on allotment.
All calls were made and were duly received except the first and final call on 100 shares allotted to Vasu.
These shares were forfeited. The forfeited shares were reissued to Ravi for ` 60,000 as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary Journal entries in the books of the company for the above transactions. (Delhi 2009 C)
[Ans.: Amount forfeited—` 40,000; Amount transferred to Capital Reserve—` 40,000.]
9. Bhamashah Company Limited made an issue of 1,00,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each at a premium of 20%
payable as follows:
On application — ` 2.50 per share,
On allotment — ` 4.50 per share, and
On first and final call — Balance.
Applications were received for 2,00,000 Equity Shares and the Directors made pro rata allotment.
Ranu who had applied for 800 shares did not pay the allotment and final call money, as a result his shares
were forfeited. Later on 80% of the forfeited shares were reissued at ` 8 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary Journal entries for the above mentioned transactions in the books of the company.
(Delhi 2011 C)
10. A company issued for public subscription 50,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each at a premium of ` 2 per share,
payable as under:
On allotment — ` 5 per share,
On first call — ` 2 per share,
On final call — ` 3 per share.
Applications were received for 75,000 Equity Shares. The shares were allotted on pro rata basis to the

applicants for 60,000 shares, the remaining applications being rejected. Money overpaid on applications
was utilised towards sum due on allotment.
A, to whom 2,000 shares were allotted, failed to pay allotment and calls money and B, to whom
2,500 shares were allotted, failed to pay the two calls. These shares were, subsequently, forfeited after the
final call was made. All the forfeited shares were reissued to X as fully paid-up @ ` 8 per share.
Pass Journal entries to record the above transactions. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 8,300.]
11. Eastern Star Cycle Ltd. was registered with a capital of ` 5,00,000 divided into 20,000 shares of ` 25 each.
The company offered to public for subscription 10,000 shares payable ` 5 per share on application,
` 5 per share on allotment and the balance in two calls of ` 7.50 each. The company received applications
for 11,600 shares. Applications for 1,000 shares were rejected and application money was refunded to the
applicants. A person who applied for 1,000 shares was allotted only 400 shares and excess of his application
money was carried forward towards the payment of allotment and calls. Pass Journal entries to record the
above issue of shares and show how it will be shown in the Balance Sheet.
[Ans.: Balance Sheet Total—` 2,50,000.]
12. Apollo Television Co. Ltd. issued 5,000 Equity shares of ` 10 each credited as fully paid-up to the underwriters
for their underwriting services. Pass necessary Journal entries in the books of the company.
13. A Ltd. has authorised capital of ` 2,00,000, divided into shares of ` 20 each, the whole of which is issued
and subscribed at a premium of ` 2 per share. The amount was payable as:
On application and allotment ` 12 per share (including premium) and on first call ` 2 per share, the balance
as and when required.
The application and allotment money (including premium) was duly received but a shareholder holding
500 shares failed to pay the first call and his shares were forfeited. They were later reissued for ` 16 per
share as fully paid-up.
Pass Journal entries for the above.
[Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 3,000.]
14. Radha Mohan Ltd. invited applications for issuing 4,00,000 equity shares of ` 50 each. The amount was
payable as follows:
On Application — ` 15 per share,
On Allotment — ` 25 per share,
On First and Final Call — ` 10 per share.
Applications for 6,00,000 shares were received and pro rata allotment was made to all the applicants on
following basis:
Applicants for 4,00,000 shares were allotted 3,00,000 shares.
Applicants for 2,00,000 shares were allotted 1,00,000 shares.
It was decided that excess amount received on applications will be adjusted towards sums due on
allotment and surplus if any will be refunded. Vibhuti, who was allotted 6,000 shares out of the group
applying for 4,00,000 shares did not pay the allotment money and his shares were forfeited immediately.
Afterwards, these forfeited shares were reissued at ` 30 per share fully paid-up. Later on, first and final call
was made. Shahid, who had applied for 2,000 shares out of the group applying for 2,00,000 shares failed
to pay first and final call and his shares were also forfeited. These shares were afterwards reissued at ` 60
per share fully paid-up.
Pass necessary Journal entries in the books of Radha Mohan Ltd. for the above transactions. (OD 2016 C)
[Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 40,000.]
15. D Ltd. offered to the public 20,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each payable ` 4 on application, ` 2 on allotment,
` 2 on first call and the balance on final call. Applications totalled for 35,000 shares. Applications for
10,000 shares were rejected. Those totalling 15,000 shares were allotted 10,000 shares and the remaining
applications were accepted in full. Excess application money was utilised towards the money due on
allotment. Both the calls were made. One shareholder holding 500 shares failed to pay the two calls
and as a consequence his shares were forfeited. 200 of these shares were reissued as fully paid-up for as
` 6 per share.
Record the above in the company’s Journal and Cash Book and prepare the Balance Sheet.
16. Applications were invited by the Directors of X Ltd. for 15,000 of its Equity Shares of ` 100 and at ` 115 per
share payable as:
(a) On application on 1st April, 2013 (including premium of ` 15 per share) ` 75;
(b) On allotment on 30th April, 2013 ` 20 and
(c) On first and final call on 31st May, 2013 ` 20.
Applications were received for 18,000 shares and it was decided to deal with these as:
(i) to refuse allotment to applicants for 800 shares,
(ii) to give full allotment to applicants for 2,200 shares,
(iii) to allot the remainder of the available shares on pro rata basis among the other applicants and
(iv) to utilise the surplus received on applications in part payment of amounts due on allotment.
An applicant, to whom 400 shares had been allotted, failed to pay the amount due on the first and
final call and his shares were declared forfeited on 31st July, 2013. These shares were reissued on
3rd September, 2013, as fully paid-up @ ` 90 per share.
Pass Journal entries to record the above issue of shares.
[Ans.: Amount transferred to Capital Reserve—` 28,000; Money adjusted
with allotment—` 1,65,000; Ratio of pro rata allotment—75 : 64.]
17. Bharat Tyres Ltd. invited applications for 1,00,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each issued at a premium of
` 4 per share. The amount was payable as:
On application — ` 6 (including premium ` 2),
On allotment — ` 6 (including premium ` 2),
On first and final call — Balance.
Applications for 1,50,000 shares were received. Allotment was made to all the applicants on pro rata basis.
Subodh, to whom 200 shares were allotted, failed to pay allotment and call money. Vikram, to whom
100 shares were allotted, failed to pay the call money. Their shares were forfeited and afterwards reissued
@ ` 8 per share as fully paid-up.
Pass necessary Journal entries. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 1,600.]
18. ABC Ltd. was floated with a capital of ` 3,00,000 divided into shares of ` 10 each. It offered 4,000 shares at
` 12 each, payable ` 2 per share on application, ` 5 per share (including premium) on allotment, ` 3 per
share on first call and ` 2 per share on final call. Applications were received for 6,000 shares. Applicants
for 2,000 shares were sent letters of regret and application money was refunded. All the money due on
shares was received.
Pass necessary Journal entries and the Balance Sheet. [Ans.: Balance Sheet Total—` 48,000.]
19. S Ltd. with a registered capital of ` 5,00,000 in shares of ` 10 each, invited applications for 20,000 shares
payable as:

On application ` 2 per share,

On allotment ` 2 per share,

On first call ` 3 per share,

On second and final call ` 3 per share.
An applicant who had been allotted 250 shares failed to pay allotment and first call money due from him.
His shares were forfeited. After this, the second and final call was made and the forfeited shares were
reissued as fully paid-up @ ` 8.50 per share.
Pass Journal entries and show the company’s Balance Sheet.
[Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 125; Balance Sheet Total—` 2,00,125.]
20. (a) X Ltd. forfeited 30 shares of ` 10 each fully called-up, held by Karim for non-payment of allotment
money of ` 3 per share and final call of ` 4 per share. He had paid the application money of ` 3 per
share. These shares were reissued to Salim for ` 8 per share. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 30.]
(b) X Ltd. forfeited 20 shares of ` 10 each, ` 7 called-up on which Mahesh had paid application and
allotment money of ` 5 per share. Of these, 15 shares were reissued to Naresh as fully paid-up for
` 6 per share. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 15.]
21. Wye Ltd. issued 20,000 shares of ` 20 each payable as:

On application ` 4 per share,
On allotment ` 4 per share,
On first call ` 6 per share,
On second and final call ` 6 per share.
All the amounts were received except the following:
A, 500 shares, has not paid allotment, first call and final call.

B, 300 shares, has not paid first call and final call.

C, 200 shares, has not paid final call.

All the above shares were forfeited and were reissued in the following manner:
Shares of A @ ` 18 per share, Shares of B @ ` 16 per share and Shares of C @ ` 15 per share.
Pass Journal entries regarding forfeiture and reissue of shares. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 4,000.]
22. X Ltd. issued 10,000 Equity Shares of ` 10 each, payable ` 3 on application, ` 3 on allotment and the balance
on two calls. All the calls were duly made and the amount so realised with the exception of the following:
A holding 100 shares did not pay the amount due on first and final call, and
(i)
B holding 100 shares did not pay the amount due on final call.
(ii)
All the shares were forfeited and reissued only 150 shares (all of A and balance of B) to D @ ` 8 per share.
Show the forfeiture and reissue entries. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 700.]
23. XYZ Ltd. forfeited 200 Equity Shares of ` 10 each issued at a premium of ` 5 per share, held by Shyam for
non-payment of allotment money of ` 8 per share (including share premium ` 5 per share), first call of
` 2 per share and final call of ` 3 per share. Out of these, 125 Equity Shares were reissued to Bhajanlal
Give the Journal entries to record forfeiture and reissue of shares. (AI 2003)
24. Jiyaji Ltd. has an authorised capital of ` 4,00,000 divided into shares of ` 20 each, the whole of which is
issued and subscribed at a premium of ` 2 per share. The amount was payable as:
on application and allotment ` 10 per share, on first call ` 4 per share (including premium) and the balance
as and when required.
The company made both the calls. The application and allotment money was duly received. But a shareholder
holding 2,000 shares failed to pay both the calls and his shares were forfeited. They were later reissued
Pass Journal entries regarding the above. [Ans.: Capital Reserve—` 8,000.]
25. Complete the following Journal entries:

(1,000 Shares of ` 100 each forfeited for non-payment of first call)
Bank A/c ...Dr. ...(1)...

Forfeited Shares A/c ...Dr. ...(2)...
To Share Capital A/c ...(3)...
(1,000 Shares reissued at ` 70 per share ` 80 paid-up)
...(4)... A/c ...Dr. ...(5)...

To ...(6)... A/c ...(7)...
(Gain on reissue of shares transferred to Capital Reserve)
[Ans.: 1: ` 70,000; 2: ` 10,000; 3: ` 80,000; 4: Forfeited Shares; 5: ` 40,000; 6: Capital Reserve; 7: ` 40,000.]
26. Fill-in-the following blanks:

Dr. FORFEITED SHARES ACCOUNT Cr.
Particulars
` Particulars `
To Share Capital A/c 2,000 By Share Capital A/c 15,000
(Discount on Reissue of 200 shares) (Amount forfeited on 500 shares)
To Capital Reserve A/c ...(1)...
To Balance c/d ...(2)...
...(3)... ...(4)...
[Ans.: 1: ` 4,000; 2: ` 9,000; 3: ` 15,000; 4: ` 15,000.]

[Hints: 1. Calculation of Capital Reserve:
 ` 15, 000 

Amount forfeited on 200 shares   200  ` 6,000
 500 
Less: Discount on Reissue of 200 shares
` 2,000
Gain on Reissue transferred to Capital Reserve ` 4,000
` 15, 000
2. Closing Balance of Forfeited Shares Account: =  300 = ` 9,000.]
500
CHAPTER
10
Company Accounts—Issue of Debentures
MEANING OF KEY TERMS USED IN THE CHAPTER
1. Debenture Debenture is a written acknowledgement of Debt issued by the

company.
According to Section 2(30) of the Companies Act, 2013,
‘Debenture’ includes debenture stock, bonds or any other
instrument of a company evidencing a debt, whether
constituting a charge on the assets of the company or not.
2. Debentureholder Debentureholder is the person to whom debentures are issued.
3. Issue of Debentures for Cash It means issue of debentures against consideration being
received in cash.
4. Issue of Debentures for It means issue of debentures against consideration not

Consideration other than Cash
being received in cash but received in kind, i.e., assets
or services.
5. Issue of Debentures as It means that the debentures have not been issued for
Collateral Security
consideration received in cash or in kind but have been issued as
a security for loan taken.
6. Issue of Debentures at Par It means that the issue price and the nominal (face) value of
debentures are same.
7. Issue of Debentures at Premium It means that the issue price of the debenture is higher than its
nominal (face) value.
8. Issue of Debentures at Discount It means that the issue price of the debenture is lower than its
nominal (face) value.
9. Redemption of Debentures at Par It means that the redemption value and the nominal (face)
value of debenture is same.
10. Redemption of Debentures It means that the redemption value of the debenture is

at Premium higher than its nominal (face) value.
11. Interest on Debentures It is the cost of servicing the loans raised by the issue of
debentures.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
• Debenture: Debenture is a written acknowledgement of a debt by the company. It contains the terms for
the repayment of the principal debt on a specified date and for payment of interest at a fixed per cent until
the principal sum is paid.
• Disclosure of Debentures in Company’s Balance Sheet: As per Schedule III of the Companies Act, 2013,
Debentures are shown in the Balance Sheet as Long-term Borrowings under the head Non-current Liabilities. But
debentures, shown as Long-term Borrowings and payable within 12 months from the date of Balance Sheet
or within the period of Operating Cycle is shown as Current Maturities of Long-term Debts under the main
head Current Liabilities and sub-head Short-term Borrowings. Interest Accrued (due and not due) is shown
as Other Current Liabilities under the main head Current Liabilities.
• Characteristics of a Debenture
(i) A debenture is a written document or certificate which acknowledges the debt by the company.
(ii) The debenture certificate is issued under the common seal of the company, if the company has a
common seal.
(iii) Mode and period of payment of principal and interest is fixed and is stated in the debenture.
(iv) Rate of interest is fixed and is stated in the debenture.
(v) The debt taken by issue of debentures is usually secured by a charge on the assets of the company.
(vi) It is considered as an external equity or Long-term Borrowings of the company.
• Types of Debentures
Secured Debentures are those debentures which are secured either on a particular asset or on all the assets
(i)
of the company in general.
(ii) Unsecured Debentures are those debentures which are not secured by any charge on assets of
the company.
(iii) Redeemable Debentures are those debentures which will be repaid by the company at the end of a
specified period.
(iv) Irredeemable Debentures are those debentures which are not repayable during the life of the company.
(v) Registered Debentures are those debentures, where the name, address and number of debentures held
by the debentureholders are registered with the company.
(vi) Unregistered or Bearer Debentures are those debentures which can be transferred to any other person by
mere delivery. No record of such debentureholders is maintained by the company.
(vii) First Debentures are those debentures which are to be repaid before the other debentures.
(viii) Second Debentures are those debentures which are to be repaid after the first debentures.
(ix) Specific Coupon Rate Debentures are those debentures which carry specified rate of interest.
(x) Zero Coupon Debentures (Bonds) are those debentures which do not carry any rate of interest.
(xi) Convertible Debentures are those debentures which can be converted into shares after a specified period.
(xii) Fully Convertible Debentures (FCD) are those debentures where the whole amount is to be converted into
Equity Shares.
(xiii) Partly Convertible Debentures (PCD) are those debentures where only a part of the amount of debenture
is convertible into Equity Shares.
(xiv) Non-Convertible Debentures are those debentures that are not convertible into shares of the company.
• Debentures Trust Deed is a document created by the company whereby trustees are appointed to protect
the interest of debentureholders before they are offered for public subscription.
Chapter 10 . Company Accounts—Issue of Debentures 10.3
• Issue of Debentures: Debentures like shares, can be issued for: (i) cash and (ii) consideration other than cash.
These debentures can be issued at: (a) par or (b) premium or (c) discount.
Accounting for issue of debentures for cash is the same as the accounting for issue of shares with one
change, i.e., the word ‘Share’ shall be replaced by ‘Debentures’ and ‘Share Capital’ by ‘Debentures’. The
terms used for the issue of shares will be changed at the time of issue of debentures.
Terms for Issue of Shares Terms for Issue of Debentures
1. Shares Application/Allotment/First Call ... etc. 1. Debentures Application/Allotment/First Call ... etc.
2. Share Capital 2. Debentures
3. Discount on Issue of Debentures
Note: Premium on the issue of shares or debentures is called Securities Premium.
• Premium on Redemption of Debentures: Disclosure in the Balance Sheet

If debentures are shown as ‘Long-term Borrowings‘, then it is shown in the Equity and Liabilities Part of
(i)
the Balance Sheet under the main head ‘Non-Current Liabilities’ and sub-head ‘Other Long-term Liabilities’.
(ii) If debentures are shown as ‘Short-term Borrowings’, then it is shown in the Equity and Liabilities part of
the Balance Sheet under the main head ‘Current Liabilities’ and sub-head ‘Other Current Liabilities’.
(iii) If debentures are shown as ‘Current Maturities of Long-term Debts’, then it is shown under the main head
’Current Liabilities’ and sub-head ‘Other Current Liabilities’.
• Interest on Debentures is considered as an expense. It is a charge against the profit of the company and is
payable whether the company earns profit or not.
• Issue of Debentures for Consideration other than Cash: A company can issue debentures to the vendors
as a payment for the purchase of the assets, such an issue of debentures is known as issue of debentures for
consideration other than cash.
• Issue of Debentures as Collateral Security means issue of debentures as a subsidiary or secondary security.
Collateral security means additional security, i.e., in addition to the primary or principal security. It is only to
be realised when the primary or principal security fails to pay the amount of the loan.
Debentures issued as Collateral Security may or may not be recorded in the books of account. If an accounting
entry is not passed, it is disclosed under the loan. If an accounting entry is passed, it is shown below the loan
first as Debentures Issued and thereafter Debentures Suspense Account is deducted.
• Writing off Discount or Loss on Issue of Debentures Discount or Loss on Issue of Debentures is written off
in the year it is incurred, i.e., in the year debentures are allotted. It may be written off from Securities Premium,
and/or from Statement of Profit & Loss as finance cost. Accounting entry will be as follows:
Securities Premium A/c ...Dr.

And/or
Statement of Profit & Loss ...Dr.
To Discount or Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c
Solved Questions
Illustration 1.
X Ltd. has issued ` 1,00,000, 9% Debentures at a discount of 6%. These debentures are to be
redeemed at par equally spread over 5 annual instalments. It has a balance of ` 50,000 in
Securities Premium. Show the Discount on Issue of Debentures Account for 5 years.
Solution: Total amount of Discount on Issue of Debentures = ` 1,00,000 × 6/100 = ` 6,000. It

will be written off in the year of issue from Securities Premium.
Dr. DISCOUNT ON ISSUE OF DEBENTURES ACCOUNT Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
1st Year To 9% Debentures A/c 6,000 1st Year End By Securities Premium A/c 6,000

6,000 6,000
Illustration 2.
R & R Ltd. issued 15,000; 10% Debentures of ` 100 each at 6% discount on 1st April, 2021,
redeemable at par after 5 years. Issue was fully subscribed. According to the terms of issue,
interest is payable on quarterly basis. Interest for the quarter ending 31st March, 2022 was paid
on 31st March, 2022.
Pass Journal entries for issue of debentures and interest.
Solution: JOURNAL OF R & R LTD.
2021
Apr. 1 Bank A/c ...Dr. 14,10,000
To Debentures Application and Allotment A/c 14,10,000
(Application money received on 15,000; 10% Debentures @ ` 94)
Debentures Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 14,10,000
Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c ...Dr. 90,000
To 10% Debentures A/c 15,00,000
(Debentures allotted to applicants)
2021
Jun. 30 Debentures’ Interest A/c ...Dr. 37,500
To Debentureholders’ A/c 37,500
(Interest on 10% Debentures for the quarter ended 30th June, 2021
payable @ 10% on ` 15,00,000)
Debentureholders’ A/c ...Dr. 37,500
To Bank A/c 37,500
(Interest paid for quarter ended 30th June, 2021)
Sept. 30 Debentures’ Interest A/c ...Dr. 37,500

(Interest due for the quarter ended 30th September, 2021)

To Bank A/c 37,500
(Interest paid for quarter ended 30th September, 2021)
Dec. 31 Debentures’ Interest A/c ...Dr. 37,500

(Interest due for the quarter ended 31st December, 2021)

To Bank A/c 37,500
(Interest paid for the quarter ended 31st December, 2021)
2022
Mar. 31 Debentures’ Interest A/c ...Dr. 37,500
(Interest due for the quarter ended 31st March, 2022)

To Bank A/c 37,500
(Interest paid for the quarter ended 31st March, 2022)
Statement of Profit & Loss (Finance Cost) ...Dr. 1,50,000

To Debentures’ Interest A/c 1,50,000
(Interest on debentures transferred to Statement of Profit & Loss)
Statement of Profit & Loss (Finance Cost) ...Dr. 90,000

To Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c 90,000
(Discount on issue of debentures written off from
Statement of Profit & Loss)
Illustration 3.
SKS Ltd. issued 1,00,000; 8% Debentures of ` 10 each at ` 12 on 1st April, 2021. The issue was fully
subscribed. In terms of the issue of debentures, interest was payable yearly at the end of the financial
year. Interest was paid on 31st March, 2022.
Pass Journal entries for the above transactions.
Solution: JOURNAL OF SKS LTD.

2021
April 1 Bank A/c ...Dr. 12,00,000
To Debentures Application and Allotment A/c 12,00,000
(Application money received on 1,00,000; 8% Debentures @ ` 12)
Debentures Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 12,00,000

(1,00,000; 8% Debentures allotted to debenture applicants)
2022
March 31 Debentures’ Interest A/c ...Dr. 80,000
(Interest due)

To Bank A/c 80,000
(Interest paid to debentureholders)
Statement of Profit & Loss (Finance Cost) ...Dr. 80,000

To Debentures’ Interest A/c 80,000
(Interest on debentures transferred to Statement of Profit & Loss)
Note: Interest is calculated @ 8% p.a. on the face value of the debentures, i.e., ` 10,00,000.
Illustration 4.
Reynold Ltd. issued 10,000; 9% Debentures of ` 100 each at a discount of 5% redeemable at
5% premium in instalments as follows:
Year I—1,000; Year II—2,000; Year III—2,500; Year IV—2,500 and Year V—Balance.
Show the Loss on Issue of Debentures Account.
Solution:
Dr. LOSS ON ISSUE OF DEBENTURES ACCOUNT Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
Year I To 9% Debentures A/c 50,000 Year I By Statement of Profit & Loss 1,00,000
To Premium on Redemption of (End) (Finance Cost)
Debentures A/c 50,000
1,00,000 1,00,000
Illustration 5.
DSC Ventures Ltd. had issued on 1st April, 2021, 10,000, 9% Debentures of ` 100 each at 10%
discount redeemable after four years on 31st March, 2025. It has balance in Securities Premium
of ` 50,000.
Show how Discount on Issue of Debentures will be shown in the Balance Sheet.
Solution: BALANCE SHEET as at 31st March, 2022
Reserves and Surplus 1 (50,000)
Note to Accounts
1 . Reserves and Surplus `
Securities Premium 50,000
Less: Discount on Issue of Debentures Written off 50,000 ...
Surplus, i.e., Balance in Statement of Profit & Loss ...
Less: Balance of Discount on Issue of Debentures Written off 50,000 (50,000)
(50,000)
Illustration 6.
Complete the following Journal entries:
Sundry Assets A/c ...Dr. 30,00,000
To Sundry Liabilities A/c 15,00,000
To RSM Ltd. 13,00,000
To ? ?
(Business of RSM Ltd. purchased)
RSM Ltd. ...Dr. ?
? ...Dr. ?
To ? ?
To ? ?
To ? ?
(?; 10% Debentures of ` 100 each redeemable at 10% premium
issued at 10% discount)
? ...Dr. ?
To ? ?
(Loss on issue of debentures written off)
Solution:
Sundry Assets A/c ...Dr. 30,00,000
To Sundry Liabilities A/c 15,00,000
To RSM Ltd. 13,00,000
To Capital Reserve A/c (Balancing Figure) 2,00,000
(Business of RSM Ltd. purchased)
RSM Ltd. ...Dr. 13,00,000
Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c ...Dr. 2,88,880
To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c 1,44,440
To Bank A/c 40
(14,444; 10% Debentures of ` 100 each redeemable at
10% premium issued at 10% discount)
Statement of Profit & Loss (Finance Cost) ...Dr. 2,88,880
To Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c 2,88,880
(Loss on issue of debentures written off)
Unsolved Questions
1. Emm Ess Ltd. issued 10,000, 10% Debentures of ` 100 each at a discount of 10% on 1st April, 2021. The
debentures were redeemable after 5 years at a premium of 10%. The amount was payable along with
application. Interest was payable half-yearly. Applications were received for 15,000 debentures. Allotment
was made to applicants for 10,000 Debentures and rest were sent letters of regret.
You are required to:
(i) Pass Journal entries for Issue of Debentures,
(ii) Pass Journal entries for interest on debentures for the year ended 31st March, 2022, and
(iii) Prepare 10% Debentures Account.
2. Aar Kay Ltd. issued on 1st April, 2021, 15,000, 10% Debentures of ` 100 each at a premium of 10% redeemable
at a premium of 5%. The amount was payable along with application and the interest was payable half-
yearly on 30th September and 31st March each year.
Applications were received for 20,000 Debentures. Allotment was made to all the applicants on
pro rata basis.
(i) Pass Journal entries for issue of debentures,
(ii) Pass Journal entries for interest, and
(iii) Prepare 10% Debentures Account.
3. On 1st April, 2021, Raha Ltd. issued 8% Debentures, face value ` 6,00,000 repayable at 5% premium in
equal proportions at the end of 5, 10 and 15 years. It has a balance of ` 10,000 in Securities Premium. The
company decides to write off loss from Securities Premium.
Pass Journal entries. Also give Journal entries for writing off Loss on Issue of Debentures if the loss is written
off in the first year.
[Ans.: Dr. Securities Premium A/c—` 10,000 and Statement of Profit & Loss—` 20,000;
Cr. Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c—` 30,000.]
4. On 1st April, 2021, X Ltd. issued 1,000, 10% Debentures of ` 100 each at a discount of 10% redeemable
at par. Show the “Discount on Issue of Debentures Account” if (a) such debentures are redeemable after 4
years, and (b) such debentures are redeemable by equal annual drawings in 4 years. X Ltd. follows financial
year as its accounting year.
[Ans.: Amount of Discount to be written off from Statement of Profit & Loss in the first year—` 10,000.]
5. Bandhan Ltd. issued 10,000, 7% Debentures of ` 100 each at a discount of ` 5 redeemable at the
end of 5 years at a premium of 10%. The company has a balance in Securities Premium of ` 1,00,000.
Pass the Journal entries for writing off the Loss on Issue of Debentures. Also prepare Loss on Issue of
Debentures Account.
[Ans.: Dr. Securities Premium A/c—` 1,00,000 and Statement of Profit & Loss (Finance Cost)—
` 50,000; Cr. Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c—` 1,50,000.]

6. XYZ Ltd. issued 5,000; 9% Debentures of ` 100 each. Pass the Journal entries and prepare the relevant extract
of Balance Sheet in each of the following cases:
(i) The debentures are issued at a premium of 10%.
(ii) The debentures are issued as a collateral security to bank against a loan of ` 4,00,000.
(iii) The debentures are issued at a discount of 5%.
(iv) The debentures are issued to a supplier of machinery costing ` 4,50,000.
(v) The debentures are issued to a supplier of Machinery costing ` 6,00,000 as his full and final payment.
7. Pass the necessary Journal entries for the following transactions in the books of Y Ltd:
(a) Purchased machinery ` 1,65,000. The vendor was paid by issuing 9% Debentures of ` 100 each at a
premium of 10%.
(b) Issued 9% Debentures of ` 1,50,000 as collateral security.
(c) Paid half yearly interest on ` 1,80,000; 9% Debentures.
(d) Issued 1,000; 9% Debentures of ` 100 each at a discount of 5%.
The debentures were repayable at a premium of 10%.
8. Gee Ess Ltd. is registered with authorised capital of 2,00,000 shares of ` 10 each and issued, subscribed
and fully paid-up capital of ` 15,00,000. It purchased computers of ` 7,50,000 and office furniture of
` 2,50,000 and issued 10% Debentures of ` 100 each at 10% discount to the Vendors, redeemable at par.
The company also issued 10,000, 8% Debentures of ` 100 each at a premium of 10% redeemable at
10% premium. The amount was payable along with application.
The applications were received for 12,500 debentures and allotment was made on pro rata basis to all the
applicants. Both the allotments were made on 1st April, 2021.
(i) Pass Journal entries for issue of debentures;
(ii) Pass Journal entries for interest for the year ended 31st March, 2022 and
(iii) Prepare Balance Sheet showing the above transactions.
Note: According to the terms of issue, interest is payable on half-yearly basis.

[Ans.: Total of Balance Sheet—` 34,08,880.]
9. Apollo Ltd. issued 50,000, 9% Debentures of ` 100 each at a premium of ` 20 per debenture payable
` 70 (including securities premium), ` 20 on allotment and balance on first and final call. The allotment was
made and call was made subsequently.
Applications were received for 1,00,000 debentures. The company allotted debentures on pro rata basis to
all the applicants. The Articles of Association permitted the company to retain excess application money to
be appropriated towards allotment money and calls. The Articles of Association did not permit the company
to pay interest on Calls-in-Advance. The company made the allotment and refunded excess application
money beyond allotment money to the applicants.
You are required to pass necessary Journal entries and determine the value followed by the company.
[Hint: The company followed the value of being just and fair by refunding the excess money
to the shareholders as the Articles of Association did not allow payment of interest on Calls-in-
Advance.]

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CHAPTER

1. Company It is an entity incorporated through a process of law for undertaking

9. Allotment of Shares Allotment is the allocation of shares to the successful applicants

14. Paid-up Share Capital or

18. Capital Reserve It is a reserve created out of capital profits.

31. Forfeiture of Shares Forfeiture of shares means cancellation of allotted shares.

32. Reissue of Shares Reissue of shares means sale of forfeited shares.

Illustration 1 (Comprehensive Illustration).

Solution: JOURNAL OF PALIWAL EXPORTS LTD.

Note: STATEMENT SHOWING AMOUNT RECEIVED AND

Illustration 2 (Comprehensive Illustration).

Solution: In the Books of H Limited

Shares Application A/c (30,000 × ` 2) ...Dr. 60,000

Shares Allotment A/c (20,000 × ` 5) ...Dr. 1,00,000

Bank A/c ...Dr. 90,160

Shares First Call A/c ...Dr. 60,000

Bank A/c ...Dr. 57,000

Share Capital A/c (400 × ` 8) ...Dr. 3,200

Shares Second and Final Call A/c ...Dr. 39,200

Bank A/c ...Dr. 6,00,000

Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 5,00,000

Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 1,00,000

Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 6,00,000

Illustration 5 (Forfeiture of Shares issued at Premium—Premium not received).

Solution: In the Books of Prakash Engineering Company

4. Number of shares allotted to Baneet = 40,000/60,000 × 3,000 = 2,000 shares.

I llustration 7. (Business Purchase and Issue of Shares).

Prepare the statement showing the adjustment of Application Money received:

Category A and B: Refer to Case (a)

Category E: Application Money Received (2,00,000 ×3) 6,00,000

Category F: Application Money Received (6,60,000 × ` 3) 19,80,000

Solution: JOURNAL OF XYZ LTD.

Case 1 Equity Share Capital A/c (800 × ` 10) ...Dr. 8,000

Case 2 Equity Share Capital A/c (800 × ` 8) ...Dr. 6,400

On First and Final Call—` 20.

Solution: In the Books of L Ltd.

Equity Share Capital A/c (470 × ` 10) ...Dr. 4,700

Bank A/c (470 × ` 14) ...Dr. 6,580

Forfeited Shares A/c ...Dr. 940

Dr. FORFEITED SHARES ACCOUNT Cr.

To Capital Reserve A/c 940 By Equity Share Capital A/c 940

Solution: In the Books of AB Ltd.

Bank A/c (1,27,500 × ` 85) ...Dr. 1,08,37,500

Equity Shares Application and Allotment A/c ...Dr. 1,08,37,500

Bank A/c (WN 2) ...Dr. 12,37,500

Equity Share Capital A/c (750 × ` 100) ...Dr. 75,000

*Calls-in-Advance = Total Amount Received on Application – Amount Refunded – Amount Adjusted

Illustration 13 (Forfeiture of Shares Originally issued at Par, Reissued at Discount).

Solution: In the Books of Bharat Ltd.

Bank A/c ...Dr. 9,00,000

Illustration 15 (Pro rata Allotment in Different Cases).

Bank A/c ...Dr. 25,000

Illustration 16 (Forfeiture of Shares Issued at Premium—Premium Received).

Solution: JOURNAL OF A LTD.

Date Particulars L.F. Dr. (`) Cr. (`)

I. EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

Prepare the statement showing the adjustment of Application money received:

21. Wye Ltd. issued 20,000 shares of ` 20 each payable as:

25. Complete the following Journal entries: