Mark Scheme (Results)

June 2022

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced

Level In Physics (WPH12) Paper 01
Waves and Electricity
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June 2022
Question Paper Log Number: P70969A
Publications Code: WPH12_01_2206_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
 General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used
appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s
response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by
which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with an
alternative response.
Mark scheme notes

Underlying principle

The mark scheme will clearly indicate the concept that is being rewarded, backed up by
examples. It is not a set of model answers.

For example:

(iii) Horizontal force of hinge on table top

66.3 (N) or 66 (N) and correct indication of direction [no ue]  1

[Some examples of direction: acting from right (to left) / to the left / West
/ opposite direction to horizontal. May show direction by arrow. Do not
accept a minus sign in front of number as direction.]

This has a clear statement of the principle for awarding the mark, supported by some examples
illustrating acceptable boundaries.

1. Mark scheme format

1.1 You will not see ‘wtte’ (words to that effect). Alternative correct wording should be
credited in every answer unless the ms has specified specific words that must be
present. Such words will be indicated by underlining e.g. ‘resonance’
1.2 Bold lower case will be used for emphasis.
1.3 Round brackets ( ) indicate words that are not essential e.g. “(hence) distance is
increased”.
1.4 Square brackets [ ] indicate advice to examiners or examples e.g. [Do not accept
gravity] [ecf].

2. Unit error penalties

2.1 A separate mark is not usually given for a unit but a missing or incorrect unit will
normally mean that the final calculation mark will not be awarded.
2.2 Incorrect use of case e.g. ‘Watt’ or ‘w’ will not be penalised.
2.3 There will be no unit penalty applied in ‘show that’ questions or in any other question
where the units to be used have been given, for example in a spreadsheet.
2.4 The same missing or incorrect unit will not be penalised more than once within one
question (one clip in epen).
2.5 Occasionally, it may be decided not to penalise a missing or incorrect unit e.g. the
candidate may be calculating the gradient of a graph, resulting in a unit that is not
one that should be known and is complex.
2.6 The mark scheme will indicate if no unit error penalty is to be applied by means of
[no ue].

3. Significant figures
3.1 Use of an inappropriate number of significant figures in the theory papers will
normally only be penalised in ‘show that’ questions where use of too few significant
figures has resulted in the candidate not demonstrating the validity of the given
answer.
3.2 The use of g = 10 m s-2 or 10 N kg-1 instead of 9.81 m s-2 or 9.81 N kg-1 will be
penalised by one mark (but not more than once per clip). Accept 9.8 m s-2 or 9.8 N kg-
1
4. Calculations
4.1 Bald (i.e. no working shown) correct answers score full marks unless in a ‘show that’
question.
4.2 If a ‘show that’ question is worth 2 marks then both marks will be available for a
reverse working; if it is worth 3 marks then only 2 will be available.
4.3 use of the formula means that the candidate demonstrates substitution of physically
correct values, although there may be conversion errors e.g. power of 10 error.
4.4 recall of the correct formula will be awarded when the formula is seen or implied by
substitution.
4.5 The mark scheme will show a correctly worked answer for illustration only.
4.6 Example of mark scheme for a calculation:

‘Show that’ calculation of weight

Use of L × W × H 
Substitution into density equation with a volume and density 
Correct answer [49.4 (N)] to at least 3 sig fig. [No ue] 
[If 5040 g rounded to 5000 g or 5 kg, do not give 3rd mark; if conversion to kg
is omitted and then answer fudged, do not give 3rd mark]
[Bald answer scores 0, reverse calculation 2/3]

Example of answer: 3

80 cm × 50 cm × 1.8 cm = 7200 cm3

7200 cm3 × 0.70 g cm-3 = 5040 g

5040 × 10-3 kg × 9.81 N/kg

= 49.4 N

5. Quality of Written Communication

5.1 Indicated by QoWC in mark scheme. QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a
logical manner using technical wording where appropriate.
5.2 Usually it is part of a max mark, the final mark not being awarded unless the QoWC
condition has been satisfied.

6. Graphs
6.1 A mark given for axes requires both axes to be labelled with quantities and units, and
drawn the correct way round.
6.2 Sometimes a separate mark will be given for units or for each axis if the units are
complex. This will be indicated on the mark scheme.
6.3 A mark given for choosing a scale requires that the chosen scale allows all points to
be plotted, spreads plotted points over more than half of each axis and is not an
awkward scale e.g. multiples of 3, 7 etc.
6.4 Points should be plotted to within 1 mm.
• Check the two points furthest from the best line. If both OK award mark.
• If either is 2 mm out do not award mark.
• If both are 1 mm out do not award mark.
• If either is 1 mm out then check another two and award mark if both of these
OK, otherwise no mark.
For a line mark there must be a thin continuous line which is the best-fit line for the
candidate’s results.
Question Answer Mark
Number

1 A is the correct answer as, for total internal reflection to take place, the (1)
angle of incidence should be greater than the critical angle, when
travelling from a substance with a higher refractive index towards a
substance with a lower refractive index.

B is not the correct answer as total internal reflection cannot take place if the
light travels towards a boundary beyond which the refractive index increases.
C is not the correct answer as total internal reflection cannot take place if the
angle of incidence is less than the critical angle.
D is not the correct answer as total internal reflection cannot take place if the
angle of incidence is less than the critical angle.
2 D is the correct answer as wavelength cannot be determined from a graph (1)
of displacement against time (only displacement against distance graphs)

A is not the correct answer as amplitude is the maximum displacement from

the equilibrium position for a wave.
B is not the correct answer as the frequency can be calculated from 1/T
C is not the correct answer as T is the time between two peaks on a
displacement against time graph.
3 B is the correct answer as Power = Intensity × Area where area = 4πr2. (1)

A is not the correct answer as the area in this equation is not πr2.
C is not the correct answer as Power is not Intensity/Area
D is not the correct answer as Power is not Intensity/Area
4 D is the correct answer as the intensity transmitted by a single polarising (1)
filter is independent of the angle of rotation of the filter.

A is not the correct answer as the intensity transmitted by a single polarising

filter is independent of the angle of rotation of the filter.
B is not the correct answer as the intensity transmitted by a single polarising
filter is independent of the angle of rotation of the filter.
C is not the correct answer as the intensity transmitted by a single polarising
filter is independent of the angle of rotation of the filter.
5 D is the correct answer as, for a first order maximum, λ = d sinθ, where d (1)
𝟏𝟏 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 (𝟎𝟎.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)
is and sinθ = or
𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧𝐧 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝐩𝐩𝐩𝐩𝐩𝐩 𝐦𝐦 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 (𝟐𝟐.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)

A is not the correct answer as the distance between adjacent slits is not
300,000m.
B is not the correct answer as the distance between adjacent slits is not
300,000m.
(0.378)
C is not the correct answer as sinθ is not
(2.000)
6 D is the correct answer as Q = It where t is time in seconds. (1)

A is not the correct answer as Q = It where t is time in seconds.

B is not the correct answer as Q = It where t is time in seconds.
C is not the correct answer as Q = It where t is time in seconds.
−
7 A is the correct answer as a photon cannot be partially absorbed by an (1)
atom.

B is not the correct answer as a photon of 10.2eV would use all of its energy to
transfer an electron from the −13.6eV level to the −3.4eV level.
C is not the correct answer as an electron of 13.6eV would use 10.2eV to
transfer the electron and retain 3.4eV as its own kinetic energy.
D is not the correct answer as an electron of 10.2eV could give all its energy to
transfer an electron from the −13.6eV level to the −3.4eV level.
8 B is the correct answer as the potential across the 0.25m section of PQ is (1)
1.0V, and the potential across the 0.25m section of RS is also 1.0V, leaving
2.0V of p.d. to make the sum of the p.d.s equal to the sum of the e.m.f.s on
that loop of the circuit passing through the voltmeter.

A is not the correct answer as a p.d. of 1.0V would require an e.m.f. of 3.0V
C is not the correct answer as a p.d. of 3.0V would require an e.m.f. of 5.0V
D is not the correct answer as a p.d. of 4.0V would require an e.m.f. of 6.0V
9 C is the correct answer as semiconductors such as LDRs release more (1)
electrons when energy is absorbed.

A is not the correct answer as the number of conduction electrons increases.

B is not the correct answer as the increase in lattice vibrations is not related to
the reason why more conduction electrons are released.
D is not the correct answer as the number of conduction electrons increases.
10 B is the correct answer as diffraction is a wave property (1)

A is not the correct answer as diffraction is not a particle property.

C is not the correct answer as diffraction is not a particle property.
D is not the correct answer as diffraction is a wave property.
Question Answer Mark
Number
11a Angle of incidence measured from diagram in range 54-56(°) (1)
Use of n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2 with their measured angle of incidence (1)
θ2 = 30-32(°) (1)
Normal line drawn correctly at point of incidence (1)
(1) 5
Ray refracted towards normal

Example of calculation
Angle of incidence measured as 55°
n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2 so 1.00 × sin 55° = 1.58 × sinθ2
1.00 × sin 55°
θ2 = sin−1 ( ) = 31.2°
1.58

11b Use of n = c/v with c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1 (1)

Use of sin C = 1/n (1)
C = 41° (1) 3

Example of calculation
𝑐𝑐 3.00 ×108 ms−1
n= = = 1.53
𝑣𝑣 1.96 ×108 ms−1
1
sin−1 (C) = so C = 40.8°
1.53

Total for question 11 8

Question Answer Mark
Number
12(a) Either
Resistance at 54°C = 0.95 - 1.0 (kΩ) (1)
Use of resistors in parallel formula (1)
Use of V = IR (1)
(1)
Milliammeter reading = 9.0 (mA)

(MP2 can only be awarded if the thermistor resistance is added to

3.0 kΩ prior to using the formula).

Or

Resistance at 54°C = 0.95 - 1.0 (kΩ) (1)

Use of V = IR to calculate current in 2.0 kΩ resistor (1)
Use of resistors in series formula and V = IR (1)
Milliammeter reading = 9.0 (mA) (1) 4

Example of calculation
At 54°C, resistance of thermistor (read from graph) = 1.0 k Ω.
1 1 1
= + , so RT = 1333 Ω
𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇 2000 Ω (3000+1000)Ω
𝑉𝑉 12 V
I= = = 9.0 m A
𝑅𝑅 1333 Ω

12(b(i) Resistance (of thermistor) increases (1)

(Thermistor takes a larger share of the pd) so voltmeter reading
increases (1) 2

(MP2 dependent on MP1 being awarded)

12(b)(ii) Either
Potential difference (across 2.0 kΩ resistor) is constant (1)
Power dissipated (by 2.0 kΩ resistor) remains the same because P = V2/R (1)

Or
Current (in 2.0 kΩ resistor) is constant (1)
Power dissipated (by 2.0 kΩ resistor) remains the same because P = I2R (1)

Or
Potential difference and current (for 2.0 kΩ resistor) are both constant (1)
Power dissipated (by 2.0 kΩ resistor) remains the same because P = VI (1) 2

Total for question 12 8

Question Answer Mark
Number
13a Correct shape of graph for positive quadrant (1)
Correct symmetry in negative quadrant (1) 2

13bi Use of A = πr2 (1)

Use of I = nqvA (1)
v = 1.3 × 10−2 m s−1 (1) 3

Example of calculation
A = πr2 = π × (0.023 × 10−3 m)2 = 1.66 × 10−9 m2
𝐼𝐼 0.44 A
v= = (1.26 29 −3) (1.66 −9 2 )(1.60 −19 = 0.0131 m s−1
𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ×10 m × 10 m ×10 C)

13bii Use of R = V/I (1)

Use of R = ρl/A (1)
ρ = 9.1 × 10−7 (Ω m), so approximately 2700°C (1) 3

(MP2 e.c.f. for A value from part b(i))

Example of calculation
140 V
R= = 318 Ω
0.44 A
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 (318 Ω)(1.66 ×10−9 m2 )
ρ= = = 9.1 × 10−7 Ω m, so this most closely
𝑙𝑙 0.580 m
matches the resistivity value at 2700°C.

Total for question 13 8

Question Answer Mark
Number
14ai
4
𝐾𝐾+ 𝐺𝐺
Use of vp = � 3
(1)
𝜌𝜌

𝐺𝐺
Use of vs = � (1)
𝜌𝜌

vp = 6400 m s−1 (1)

vs = 3100 m s−1 (Only one unit error applied across both answers) (1) 4

Example of calculation
4 4
𝐾𝐾+ 𝐺𝐺 (7.55 × 1010 Pa)+ (2.61 × 1010 Pa)
vp = � 3
=� 3
= 6392 m s−1
𝜌𝜌 (2700 kg m−3 )

𝐺𝐺 (2.61 × 1010 Pa)

vs = � = � = 3109 m s−1
𝜌𝜌 (2700 kg m−3 )
14aii (When G = 0), vs = 0 (m s−1) (1)
S-waves cannot travel through liquids (1) 2

(MP2 dependent on MP1 being awarded)

14bi Same frequency (1)
Constant phase difference/relationship (1) 2

14bii There is a path difference (for waves travelling from the two sources to
A) (1)

This causes a phase difference of π radians / 180° (at A)

Or waves are in antiphase (at A) (1)

Destructive interference/superposition (at A) (1) 3

Total for question 14 11

Question Answer Mark
Number
*15a This question assesses a student’s ability to show a coherent and logically
structured answer with linkages and fully-sustained reasoning. Marks are
awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is structured and shows
lines of reasoning. The following table shows how the marks should be awarded
for indicative content.
IC points IC mark Max linkage mark Max final mark
6 4 2 6
5 3 2 5
4 3 1 4
3 2 1 3
2 2 0 2
1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for structure and
lines of reasoning.
Number of marks awarded for structure
of answer and sustained line of reasoning
Answer shows a coherent and logical structure with
linkages and fully sustained lines of reasoning 2
demonstrated throughout

Answer is partially structured with some linkages 1

and lines of reasoning

Answer has no linkages between points and is 0

unstructured

Indicative content
• Current is the rate of flow of charge

• Current is the same at all points in a series circuit

Or current in C = current in cell.

• total current going into a junction = total current out of junction

Or current in C/cell = current in A + current in B
Or current splits (equally) between A and B

• p.d. is energy transferred per unit charge

• p.d is shared between components in series

Or p.d. across C + p.d. across A = e.m.f. of cell
Or p.d. across C + p.d. across B = e.m.f. of cell
Or p.d. across C + p.d. across A/B combination = e.m.f. of cell

• p.d. is the same across components in parallel

Or p.d. across A is the same as that across B 6
15bi Use of resistors in parallel formula (1)
Use of resistors in series formula (1)
Total resistance = 18.8 Ω (1) 3

(Allow MP1 for use of R2 / 2R)

Example of calculation
1 1 1
For parallel section, = + so RP = 6.25Ω
𝑅𝑅𝑃𝑃 12.5Ω 12.5Ω
Rtotal = 6.25Ω + 12.5Ω = 18.75Ω.

15bii Equation for sum of p.d. = sum of e.m.f. seen e.g. ε = IR + Ir (1)
𝜀𝜀
Rearranged to make r the subject of the formula e.g. r = − R (1)
𝐼𝐼 (1)
Ammeter labelled anywhere on series part of circuit

Or
Terminal p.d. calculated using IR (1)
Subtract from ε and divide by ammeter reading (1)
Ammeter labelled anywhere on series part of circuit (1)

Or
ε divided by ammeter reading (1)
Subtract answer for (b)(i) from this value (1)
Ammeter labelled anywhere on series part of circuit (1) 3

Total for question 15 12

Question Answer Mark
Number
16a Wave reflected (1)
at the pulley (1)
Superposition/interference (takes place) (1) 3

16b Use of W = mg (1)

Use of v = √(T/μ) (1)

Use of v = fλ to find λ (1)

λ = 1.2 (m) (1)

node to node distance = λ/2, so there is a node at R

Or See λ/2 = 0.6m, so there is a node at R (1) 5

(MP4 requires evidence of calculation)

Example of calculation
Tension in string = W = mg = (0.300 kg) (9.81 N kg−1) = 2.94N
2.94 N
v = √(T/μ) = � = 36.0 m s−1
2.27 × 10−3 kg m−1
𝑣𝑣 (36.0 m s−1 )
λ= = = 1.20 m
𝑓𝑓 (30 Hz)
node to node distance = λ/2, so node to node distance = 0.60 m.

16ci S and T are in antiphase Or 180° out of phase Or π radians out of phase (1)

S and T are in adjacent node-to-node regions

Or S and T are in adjacent loops (1) 2

16cii S has a greater amplitude than T (1)

S is at an antinode and T is between a node and antinode

Or S is at an antinode and T is not
(1) 2
Or T is closer to a node than S

(MP2 dependent on MP1)

Total for question 16 12
Question Answer Mark
Number
17a Minimum energy (required to release electrons from the surface of a metal) (1) 1

17b Use of λ = h/p with λ = 1.50 × 10−9 m (1)

Use of p = mv with m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg (1)

Converts work function from eV into J (1)

Use of hf = Φ + ½mv2max to find hf (1)

Use of E = hf and v = fλ to find λ (1)

λ = 250 nm, so UVC (1) 6

Example of calculation
(6.63 × 10−34 Js)
λ = h/p so p = h/λ = = 4.42 × 10−25 kg m s−1
(1.50 × 10−9 m)
𝑝𝑝 (4.42 × 10−25 kg m s−1 )
so v = = = 4.85 × 105 ms−1
𝑚𝑚 (9.11 × 10−31 kg)
KE = ½mv2 = ½ (9.11 × 10−31 kg) (4.85 × 105 ms−1)2 = 1.07 × 10−19 J
Φ = (4.30 eV)(1.60 × 10−19 J eV−1) = 6.88 × 10−19 J
E = hf = Φ + ½mv2max = 6.88 × 10−19 J + 1.07 × 10−19 J = 7.95 × 10−19 J
𝐸𝐸 (7.95 × 10−19 J)
f= = = 1.20 × 1015 Hz
ℎ (6.63 × 10−34 Js)
𝑣𝑣 (3.00 × 108 ms−1 )
λ= = = 2.50 × 10−7 m (250nm) UVC
𝑓𝑓 (1.20 × 1015 Hz)

17c MAX 2 for work function

y-intercept of graph should be (negative) work function (1)
y-intercept is approximately (-) 10.0 eV (so cannot be zinc) (1)
Or MAX 2 for threshold frequency
Threshold frequency is the x-intercept / 7.5 × 1014 Hz (1)
threshold frequency should be 1.0 × 1015 Hz, (so cannot be zinc) (1)
Or MAX 2 for Planck constant
Gradient of graph should be the Planck constant (allow “gradient = h”) (1)
Calculates that gradient of the graph is approx. 2.1 × 10−33 (Js) (so not
correct) (1) 4

(Alternative for work function pair of marks:

hf0 should be the work function Or calculate work function from hf0(1)
hf0 from graph = 3.1eV (so cannot be zinc) (1))

Total for question 17 11