510 - 512 Eng 2009

BELARUS
510/512
510-0000010 РЭ
OPERATING MANUAL
2009
This Operating Manual is compiled by Engineer of Minsk Tractor Works Leading
Specialized Design Office I.N. Korobeynik in collaboration with top-level specialists of
the Leading Specialized Design Office of Republican Unitary Enterprise Minsk Tractor
Works
Editor-in-Chief — Director, Scientific and Technical Center

Chief Designer I.N. Uss
Supervisor for the Issue — Head of Design Office, O. N. Natalevich
Belarus-510/512 tractors Operating manual
This Operation and Service Manual contains a brief description and specifications of
Belarus 510/512 tractors manufactured at the Minsk Tractor Works. Basic rules of
machine operation are presented, as well as information on adjustments and technical
servicing of tractor units and assemblies, are given.
This Operating Manual is intended for operators (tractor drivers) operating the Belarus
tractors.
In view of the RUE MTW policy of constant improvement of its products, changes in the
design of certain assemblies and components of the Belarus tractor may be introduced
without notice, that are not represented in this edition.
Some specifications and illustrations found in this Manual may differ from those actually
found on your tractor. The dimensions and weights are approximate (for information
purposes only). For more detailed information, please contact your local Belarus dealer.
General note: References to the “left-hand” or “right-hand” terms in the text of this
Manual are given from the point of view of an observer viewing the moving forward
tractor from behind.
© Minsk Tractor Works Republican Unitary Enterprise, 2009

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or copied in any form
whatsoever without written permission of Minsk Tractor Works RUE.
TO OPERATOR’S ATTENTION!
1. Before you start operating the tractor, carefully read this Manual and strictly follow
all instructions herein.
2. Use the climatic diesel fuel according to the Manual. Reduce the motor oil
changeover intervals by half, if the sulfur content in the fuel is below 1%.
3. Do not operate the diesel engine at the idle speed more than 15 minutes.
4. Remember that the engine can be only started when the GB lever is in the extreme
left position (in the position of engaging the I or II gear range).
5. Use the synchronous drive of the rear PTO only when the tractor unit speed does
not exceed 8 km/h. Otherwise, severe damages in the tractor power train are
possible.
6. Operate the tractor on the direct gear only with the high gear range engaged (range
II).
7. The tractor cab is equipped with a single seat, only operator is allowed to be in it.
8. When the tractor is shipped from the manufacturer factory, some parts of the tractor
are put into the SPTA box, tool box or cab. Install them onto the tractor on your own.
9. When commissioning new batteries, remove the sealing film from the vent holes or
cut off the bosses on the plastic caps.
10. Do not operate the tractor when the clutch is not totally disengaged or is engaged.
11. When starting movement, make sure that the hand-operated reserve parking brake
is disengaged.
12. When using the tractor without driveshafts, shift the FDA lever to the position
“forced”.
13. Do not work on the tractor in closed rooms without adequate ventilation (air
exchange). Exhaust gases can kill you!
14. Towing the tractor with front wheels lifted is strictly forbidden. Failure to observe this
rule may result in a FDA drive failure and emergency situation.
15. Never lift the front part of the tractor by the towing shackle. Use the shackle for
towing only.
16. The manufacturer continually improves the tractor, due to which there could be
some modifications of the design of some components and their operating rules,
which are not reflected in this Manual.
Introduction Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
INTRODUCTION
The BELARUS 510/512 wheeled universal tilling tractors belong to the drawbar
category 1.4 and are designed to perform a wide range of agricultural works: from soil
preparation for sowing to harvesting and transporting operations; they can be used in
forestry, municipal servicing, construction and industry.
This Manual contains a description of the design features, brief technical data and
recommendations for operation and maintenance of the BELARUS 510/512 tractors:
BELARUS-510/512 (4×2) and (4×4) with a Д244 diesel engine (41.9 kW at 1700
rpm), a 9F/2R manual gearbox.
Re-equipment or modifications to the tractor design without approval from the

Manufacturer is forbidden.
7
Abbreviations and designations
SB — storage battery
DL — differential lock
PCU — pre-heater control unit
UDC — upper dead center of engine piston
PTO — power take-off shaft
HLL — hydraulic list linkage
HSU — hydrostatic steering unit
LOHE — liquid-oil heat exchanger
RHL — rear hitch linkage
GB — gearbox
C — clutch
ОЕСD — Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
FDA — front driving axle
ADCS — automatic tilling depth control system
MS — maintenance service
HDC — haul-and-draw coupler
SRU — speed reducer
8
International symbols
The manufacturer uses standard international symbols concerning application of the

devices and controls.
Below are given the symbols with their respective meanings.
— see Manual — controls manipulations
— brake — forward
— park brake — back
— horn — battery charging
— fault signaling — interior lamp
— fuel — clearance lights
— coolant — turn signal lamp
— pre-heater glow plug — upper beam
— engine speed — low beam
— engine oil pressure — working lights
— engine coolant temperature — differential lock
— off/stop — power take-off shaft on
— on/start — front driving axle on
— gradual change — fan
— lever down — windshield washer
— lever up — windshield wiper
9
— “lift” position of the distributor

— rear window wiper
slide valve
— “drop” position of the
— tractor trailer turn signal
distributor slide valve
— “float” position of the
— HSU oil pressure
distributor slide valve
— GB oil pressure
— air pressure in pneumatic

system
— air filter clogging
10
Section A. Safety precautions Belarus- 510/512 —Operating manual
• Before you start movement, horn to
Section A. Safety precautions warn other persons and persons working on
the towed machines.
Strict observance of the safety precautions • Do not leave the tractor in motion.
and closed following the rules of tractor • Before leaving the cab, disengage
operation and management ensures full the PTO, stop the diesel engine, engage
safety safe of its operation. the parking brake, take out the starter key
and turn off the ground switch.
Safety regulations for operation of the
tractor • Do not turn off the electrical system
with the ground switch before the diesel
ATTENTION! When starting the die- engine is stopped.
sel-engine and manipulating with the
controls, always be in the cab, sitting
in the driver’s seat. • Do not work on the tractor in a
closed room without adequate ventilation.
G
General instructions Exhaust gases can kill you!
• Carefully read the operator’s manu-
al before using the tractor. Insufficient • In case of a fault, immediately stop
knowledge on the control and operation of the tractor and fix the fault.
the tractor may result in accidents.
• In case of a diesel engine or a steer-
• Only specially trained and qualified ing gear failure, immediately stop the trac-
operators are allowed to operate the tractor. tor. Remember that with the diesel engine
stopped, you have to apply a much greater
• If the tractor equipped with a safety force to the steering wheel to control the
belt, use it for work. If the tractor is not tractor.
equipped with a safety belt, contact your
dealer. • Do not work under raised agricultural
implements. During long stops, do not leave
• The tractor cab is for one man, no toolbar implements in a raised position.
passengers are allowed.
• If the front of the tractor takes off the
• Keep clean all the warning signs. If ground when mounting heavy machinery
the signs are damaged or lost, replace and implements to the mechanism, attach
them with new ones. front counterweights.
• Before you start your work, carefully • When working with a front-end load-
inspect the tractor and the towed machine. er, fill the rear tires with liquid ballast.
Get started only after you make sure they
are fully serviceable. Towed agricultural
machines and transport trailers must have
rigid hitches precluding them from swinging
and hitting the tractor during transportation.
• Before starting the diesel engine, the

parking brake must be engaged, the gear-
box shifter must be shifted to the neutral
position, the PTO engaging lever to the off
position.
11
− check the condition of light and
• Before lifting and lowering an agri- sound signal equipment;
cultural implement, as well as when mak- − transportation trailers must have a
ing turns, make sure that there is no solid connection and, in addition, con-
hazard to hit someone or run over an nect a safety chain or rope;
obstacle. − never drive downhill by coasting
(out of gear), drive at the same gear both
• During transport journeys with downhill and uphill;
mounted machines or implements, al- − do not work with a trailer without in-
ways use the mount lock in the raised dependent brakes if its weight exceeds
position (for tractors with an autonomous half of the total actual weight of the trac-
power cylinder). tor. The faster you drive and the greater
is the towed weight, the greater must be
• The driveshaft transmitting rota- the safe distance;
tion from the tractor PTO shaft to the ag- − disconnect the FDA in order to
gregated tools of the unit must be guard- avoid excessive wear of the drive parts
ed. and tires;
− do not use the rear axle DL at a
• Ensure the correct installation of speed exceeding 10 km/h and when
any additional equipment or auxiliary de- making turns;
vices, and make sure that they are de- − the PTO must be off and the simul-
signed for use with your tractor. Remem- taneous/independent drive shifter arm
must be in the neutral position;
ber that your tractor, if improperly used,
− do not stop the tractor on slopes. If
can be dangerous both for you and for
you want to stop, engage the 1st gear
other persons. Do not use equipment
and fully engage the parking brake.
that is not intended for installation on the
tractor.
• When working with equipment
driven from the PTO, disengage the PTO
• To avoid a tipover, exercise cau-
before disconnecting the equipment,
tion when driving the tractor. Choose a
stop the diesel engine, make sure the
safe speed appropriate to road condi-
PTO shaft end is fully stopped.
tions, especially when driving on rough
terrains, when driving over ditches,
• Do not wear loose clothing when
slopes and making sharp turns.
working with the PTO or near rotating
equipment.
• When working on slopes, increase
the tractor wheel track to the maximum.
• When working with stationary ma-
chines driven from the PTO, always en-
• Do not make sharp turns with a
gage the parking brake and chock rear
full load and at a high speed.
wheels from the front and from the rear.
Make sure that the machine is reliably
• When using the tractor for trans- secured.
portation works:
− increase the tractor wheel truck to
• Make sure that the PTO shaft end
1,800 mm (70") min.;
guard is installed, and when the PTO is
− interlock the brake pedals, check
not used, install the PTO shaft end cap
and adjust as necessary the brakes for
to place.
simultaneous action;
− check operation of the parking
brake;
12
equipment, in good condition to ensure
your safety and that of the surrounding
• Do not clean up, adjust or service people.
the equipment driven from the PTO with • Do not modify the tractor or any of
the diesel engine running. its constituent parts without approval
from you dealer and manufacturer.
Safety requirements for maintenance Safety requirements for operation and
service maintenance of electrical equipment
• Never refuel the tractor with the • To avoid damages to semiconduc-
diesel engine running. tor devices and resistors, observe the
• Do not smoke when refueling the following precautions:
tractor. − do not disconnect the storage bat-
• Do not fill the fuel tanks complete- tery terminals when the diesel engine is
ly. Leave a space for fuel expansion. running. This will result in peak voltage
• Never add gasoline or blends to in the charging circuit and unavoidable
diesel fuel. Such combination may result damage of diodes and transistors.
in higher hazard of flame or explosion. − do not disconnect the electrical
• Make proper use of summer and wires until the diesel engine stops and all
winter grades of fuel. To reduce the electrical switches are switched off;
amount of night condensate, refill the − do not cause a short circuit due to
fuel tank at the end of each working day. faulty connection wires. A short circuit or
• Refill the tractor only with oils and wrong polarity will cause damage to the
greases recommended by the manufac- diodes and transistors;
turer. Use of other lubricants is strictly − do not connect the storage battery
prohibited! to the electrical system until terminals
• All operations related to cleaning and voltage are checked for the polarity;
the engine and the tractor, preparation to − do not check availability of electric
work, maintenance, etc. must be per- current by sparking as it will result in an
formed with the engine off and the tractor immediate breakdown of transistors.
brake engaged. Hygiene requirements:
• The cooling system operates un- • If duration of continuous work on
der pressure maintained by a valve in- the tractor exceeds 2.5 hours per a work-
stalled on the filler cap. It is dangerous ing shift, use personal protection equip-
to remove the cap on a hot engine. To ment to muffle noise as per State Stand-
avoid burns of face and hands, take spe- ard ГОСТ 12,4.051-87 (such as ear pro-
cial care when opening the radiator cap tectors, ear plugs)
on a hot engine, put a thick cloth onto
the cap first and put on a glove. Fire safety requirements
• To avoid burns, be careful when • The tractor must have firefighting
draining the coolant from the cooling sys- tools such as a shovel and a fire extin-
tem, hot oil from the diesel engine, hy- guisher. Working on the tractor without
draulic system and transmission. fire-fighting equipment is prohibited.
• Exercise caution while servicing • The tractor park sites, fuel and
storage batteries as electrolyte causes lubricant storage places must have a
burns in case of skin contact. surrounding plowed strip with a width of
• To avoid risk of explosion, do not 3 m min. and be provided with fire-
allow a source of open fire near the fuel fighting means.
system of the engine and batteries. • Avoid contamination of the mani-
• Keep your tractor and its equip- fold and silencer with dust, fuel, straw,
ment, especially the brakes and steering etc.
13
• Do not allow straw to be taken up
by rotating parts of the machines at-
tached to the tractor.
• When rinsing parts and assem-
blies with kerosene or gasoline, take
precautions to exclude ignition of vapors
of the rinsing fluid.
• Do not operate the tractor in plac-
es of high fire hazard with the hood and
other protective devices removed from
hot parts of the engine.
• Do not use open fire to heat up oil
in the diesel engine pane, to burn out
contamination of the radiator core.
• If there appears a seat of fire,
dump sand over it, cover with tarpaulin,
sackcloth or any other dense cloth. Use
a carbon-dioxide fire extinguisher. Do not
extinguish burning fuel with water.
• When the engine is running, keep
inflammable materials away from the ex-
haust manifold and muffler.
• When making hay and straw or
working in places with high fire hazard,
use spark arresters in the exhaust sys-
tem complete with a silencer or separat-
ed from it.
14
Section B. Specifications Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
Section B. SPECIFICATIONS
Weight and Overall Dimensions
Name
510 512
A Length, mm: total (with counterweights): 4,120 4,120
without counterweights 3,840 3,930
by wheels 3,650 3,740
В Width, mm 1,970 1,970
С Height by cab, mm 2,780 2,800
D Wheelbase, mm 2,370 2,450
F Rear track, mm 1,400 - 1,600 1,800 - 2,100
E Front track, mm 1,350 - 1,850 1,400 - 2,000
G Road clearance, mm 465 465
9.00-20, 11.2-20,
Tire size: front wheels / rear wheels 9.00R20/ 11.2R20/
15.5R38 15.5R38
Service weight, kg 3,460 3,690
Tractor component Nos.

Manufacturer’s nameplate with tractor and diesel
engine serial Nos. indicated
15
The serial number of the tractor is duplicated

on the front part of the right half-frame side
member (or on the right plate of the front
counterweights).
Diesel engine serial No. (duplicated on the

manufacturer’s nameplate of the engine at-
tached to the cylinder block, on the left-
hand side).
Clutch No. (on the left-hand side of the

clutch housing).
Gearbox No. (on the left-hand side of the

GB housing)
16
Transmission number (on the rear axle housing from behind).
Front driving axle number (on the front

part).
17
Diesel engine
Engine model Д-244

Type four-stroke, in-line, naturally aspirated
Number of cylinders 4
Mixing method Direct injection
Compression (calculated) 16
Cylinder bore, mm ( " ) 110 (4.32)
Stroke, mm ( " ) 125 (4.92)
Cylinder displacement, l (cu. in.) 4.75 (290)
Operation order 1—3—4—2
Cooling system; liquid
Rated speed, rpm 1,700
Maximum speed, rpm 1,850
Minimum speed, rpm 600
Rated power, kW 41.9
at 1,700 rpm
Maximum torque, N•m 271 at 1,400 rpm
Clearance between intake and ex- 0.20…0.35
haust valves and rockers at cold en-
gine, mm
Advance angle of fuel injection before 20 ± 1
upper dead center (UDC), degrees
Fuel injection pressure, MPa 21.6…22.4
(kgf/cm²) (220 … 228)
18
Engine lubrication system Maximum working pressure in system:

9.0 ± 0.05 MPa.
Type: combined with oil radiator. Oil grades:
Minimum oil pressure: - –40°С to +5°С: M-8ДM; M-8Г2,
0.08 MPa (0.8 kgf/cm²) at 600 rpm. M-8Г2K or M43/8Г2 (SAE-20,
Normal oil pressure: SAE 10W-20);
0.2...0.3 MPa (2…3 kgf/cm²). - +5°С to +50°С: M-10ДM; M-10Г2; M-
Max. pressure at cold diesel engine: up 10Г2K (SAE-30);
to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf/cm²). - multigrade oil: SAE 15W-40.
Capacity of lubrication system: 12 l
Motor oil grades: Steering wheel position control limits:
- –40°С to +5°С: M-8ДM; M-8Г2, · by tilt: from 25° to 40° with fixation
M-8Г2K or M43/8Г2 (SAE-20, through 5°;
SAE 10W-20); · by height within 100 mm.
- +5°С to +50°С: M-10ДM; M-10Г2; M- Steering wheel free play: 25° max.
10Г2K (SAE-30);
- multigrade oil: SAE 15W-40. Engine start system
Engine feed system
12 V electric starter.
Fuel pump: 4-plunger type, in-line, with
booster pump.
Governor: mechanical, variable-speed. Engine cooling system
Fuel filters: coarse and fine filter (with a Type: closed with forced coolant circula-
replaceable filter element ФT 020 - tion, temperature controlled by thermostat-
1117010). ic regulator.
Fuel grade: Diesel fuel: summer grade Normal operating temperature: 80°C to
Л-0.2-40, Л-0.5-40; winter grade З-0.2, З- 100°C.
0.5.
Cooling system capacity: 20 l.
Fuel tanks capacity: 120 l
Air cleaner: combined with dry centrifugal
and oil-bath air cleaning. Clutch
Air cleaner oil bath capacity: 1.5 l.
Type: friction, dry, single-disk, spring-
Steering loaded.
Booster type: hydromechanical. Driven disk diameter — 340 mm.
Steering mechanism: worm, helical gear
sector and steering booster.
Pump type: gear pump
НШ10–3–Л.
Pump capacity: 21 l/min
19
Gearbox
Type: (standard) 9F/2R, mechanical.
Gear and range shift pattern
Rated speeds (km/h) of the BELARUS — 510/512 tractors
Rated engine
1,700 R k, m 0.75 I zm 18.1346
speed, rpm
No. of No. of
Motion
gear range Gear ratio V tr, km/h
range GB transmission
front 1 I 2.2500 5.9298 241.9512 1.9866
2 II 1.3214 5.9298 142.0983 3.3826
3 I 2.2500 2.0476 83.5488 5.7531
4 2.2500 1.6667 68.0048 7.0681
5 2.2500 1.4074 57.4263 8.3701
6 II 1.3214 2.0476 49.0683 9.7958
7 1.3214 1.6667 39.9393 12.0348
8 1.3214 1.4074 33.7265 14.2518
9 1.0000 1.0000 18.1346 26.5053
reverse 1R I 2.2500 2.8166 114.9268 4.1823
2R II 1.3214 2.8166 67.4967 7.1213
(standard, equipped with 15.5R38 tires)
20
Fig. 1. Gearbox of BELARUS-510/512 tractor (9F/2R)
1 — drive pinion of 4th and 5th gears; 2 — fork of 4th and 5th gears; 3 — forks housing; 4
— fork of 3rd and 6th gears; 5 — drive pinion of 3rd and 6th gears; 6 — output shaft with
driven pinion of Ist stage of range reducer; 7 — gear shifter lever; 8 — reducer fork; 9 —
reducer shaft; 10 — GB lever handle; 11 — GB control cover; 12 — restrictive plate; 13 —
adjustment shims; 14 — body; 15 — drive pinion of rear axle final drive; 16 — driven pin-
ion of IInd stage of range reducer; 17 — inner shaft; 18 — seat with bronze bushings; 19
— impeller; 20 — body; 21 — drive pinion of Ist stage of range reducer; 22 — drive pinion
of Ith stage of range reducer; 23 — intermediate pinion; 24 — driven pinion of 3rd and 6th
gears; 25 — driven pinion of 4th and 7th gears; 26 — driven pinion of 5th and 8th gears
and reverse gears; 27 — GB housing; 28 — seat: 29 — intermediate shaft; 30 — body; 31
— input shaft; 32 — glass
21
Fig. 2. Gearbox of BELARUS-510/512 tractor (9F/2R)

1 — forks housing; 2 — housing; 3 — adjustment shims; 4 — engine start lock sensor; 5
— axle of frame; 6 — ball bearing; 7 — frame; 8 — spring; 9 — bolt; 10 — lever; 11 —
ball; 12 — lock strips; 13 — fork of 4th and 5th gears; 14 — range reducer rod; 15 — cov-
er; 16 — check plug; 17 — drain plug; 18 — cover; 19 — oil dipstick; 20 — fork of 1st gear
and reverse gears; 21 — fork of 3rd and 6th gears; 22 — GB cover; 23 — driven pinion of
hill-climbing gears and reverse gears; 24 — pinion of hill-climbing gears and reverse
gears; 25 — shaft of 1th gear and reverse; 26 — FDA drive pinion axle; 27 — reverse in-
termediate gear; 28 — FDA drive pinion axle; 29 — FDA drive pinion
Gearbox
The gearbox (GB) is an element of the tractor transmission serving to change the
transmission gear ratios and reverse the tractor movement, thus achieving the required
speed range of the tractor (see Table 1), as well as for long-term disengagement of the
engine and the tractor propeller.
Besides, the GB design provides driving the front drive axle (FDA) of the tractor
and synchronous rear power take-off shaft (PTO).
The BELARUS-50/52 tractors and their modifications have a mechanical fixed-ratio
dual-range 9F/2R GB with a central position of the GB control lever, the design and opera-
tion of which are described below.
22
1.1 GB design
The GB (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of the mechanical gears unit and GB control.
1.1.1 Mechanical gears unit
The mechanical gears unit of the GB consists of the concentric input (31) and out-
put (6) shafts located in the GB housing (27) (Fig. 1)*, as well as an intermediate shaft (29)
parallel to them and the shaft of 1st gear and reverse (24) (Fig. 2).
The input shaft (31) (Fig. 1) is mounted on two ball bearings one of which is placed
in the body (32) on the front wall of the GB housing (27). The second one is in the boring
of the output shaft (6). On the input shaft, a double-wheel drive pinion of 4th and 5th gears
(1) and a drive pinion of 3rd and 6th gears (5) with possibility of axial sliding movement
along the shaft splines are installed.
The output shaft supports (6) (Fig. 1) are two tapered roller bearings, one located in
the GB housing boring (27), and the second in the body (14) installed in the boring of the
rear wall of the GB housing (27). Structurally, the output shaft is made as one piece with
the driven pinion of Ist stage of the range reducer. The gear ring is located cantilevered in
front of the output shaft (6). Between the supports of the output shaft, the driven pinion of
IInd stage of the range reducer (16) is installed fixed on the splines, which is also the drive
pinion of the rear PTO synchronous drive. On the rear arm of the output shaft, the drive
gear (15) of the rear axle final drive (small bevel pinion) is installed fixed on the splines.
On the intermediate shaft (29), fixed on the splines are installed the double-wheel
driven pinion of 5th and 8th gears and reverse gears (26), driven pinion of 4th and 7th
gears (25), and driven pinion of 3rd and 6th gear (24), on the hub of which the double-
wheel intermediate pinion (23) is freely rotating on needle roller bearings, being in constant
mesh with the pinion (22) (Fig. 2) installed on the shaft of 1st gear and reverse gears (24).
On the intermediate shaft (29) (Fig. 1), with the possibility of axial movement the drive pinion (22) of Ist stage
of the range-reducer is installed.
The front support of the intermediate shaft (29) is a ball bearing located in the body
(30) of the front wall of the GB housing (27). The rear support of the intermediate shaft is a
bronze bushing installed in the boring of the drive pinon (21) of IInd stage of the range-
reducer.
The driven pinion of IInd stage of the range-reducer (21) is freely rotating on two
bearings located in the body (20) installed in the boring of the rear wall of the GB housing
(27). The pinion (21) has an inner and outer gear rings, as well as cams located on its rear
end, which serve to synchronously drive the rear PTO. In the boring of the pinion (21), the
seat (18) with bronze bushing is fixed with a pin, which is the rear support of the inner
shaft (17). Outside on the pinion (21), the impeller (19) is fixed, which by intensive spray-
ing improves lubrication of the pinions of the final drive and the rear axle differential of the
tractor.
The 1st gear and reverse shaft (24) (Fig. 2) is installed on two ball bearings located
in the GB housing borings. In the front of the shaft (24) on splines, the sliding pinion (23) of
hill-climbing gears and reverse gears is installed. Backward movement of the sliding pinion
(23) up to meshing with the pinion (25) (Fig. 1) provides forward hill-climbing gears, and
forward movement up to meshing with the intermediate pinion of reverse motion (26) (Fig.
2) provides reverse gears. The intermediate reverse pinion (26) is installed on the axle
(25) and is freely rotating on it on a needle roller bearing. The pinion (26) is in constant
mesh with the smaller gear ring of the double-wheel gear (26) (Fig. 1).
* Hereinafter, a position designation refers to the figure with the number indicated in paren-
theses immediately after the position designation; if such an indication of the figure is absent, the po-
sition designation refers to the last figure mentioned in the preceding text.
23
At the rear part of the shaft (24) (Fig. 2), fixed on its splines, the driven pinion of hill-
climbing gears and reverse gears (22) installed, which is constantly meshed with the
smaller gear ring of the pinion (23) (Fig. 1) of the intermediate shaft (29).
On the right side of the GB of the tractors with FDA drive, the axle (27) is installed in
the GB housing borings, on which on two tapered roller bearings the FDA drive pinion (28)
is freely rotating. Power is taken off at the FDA from the driven pinion of Ist stage of the
range reducer (6) (Fig. 1), with which the pinion (28) (Fig. 2) is constantly meshed.
On the front wall of the GB housing (27) (Fig. 1), concentrically to the intermediate
shaft (29), the seat (28) is installed, inside of which the inner shaft front bearing (17) is lo-
cated.
On the right and left sides of the GB housing, there are windows (Fig. 2). The left
window is closed with the cover (17), in which there is a dipstick (18) to control the oil lev-
el. The tractors without an FDA drive have the right window closed with the cover (14), and
the tractors with the FDA drive have the cover (14) removed and the window closed by the
FDA drive transfer box housing (see section).
To drain oil when changing it, a hole is provided in the bottom of the GB housing,
closed with the plug (16).
1.1.2 GB control
The GB control consists of the forks housing (3) (Fig. 1) and the GB control cover
(11) that are installed on the upper plane of the GB housing (27) and bolted to it.
The forks housing (3) (Fig. 1 consists of the fork of 1st gear and reverse gears (19)
(fig. 2), the fork of 3rd and 6th gears (20), the fork of 4th and 5th gears (12) and the range
reducer rod (13), the rails of which are installed in the groove of the housing (1) and can
move along the groove. On the upper surfaces of the rails, there are transverse holes in
which the spring-loaded balls of the latches (10) are inserted, which provide locking of the
forks rails and reducer rail in the desired positions, as well as prevent spontaneous disen-
gagement of the gears under load.
The rod (13) is connected with the shaft (9) (Fig. 1), on which the fork (8) is fixed
that moves the drive pinion of Ist stage of the range reducer (22).
The forks and range reducer rails are separated by three lock strips (11) (Fig. 2).
The strips (11) are installed in the housing (1) fixed and exclude simultaneous movement
of several rails by the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1). When a gear is engaged, the lock
strips (11) lock the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1) in the rail groove of the fork of the gear
engaged.
The GB control cover (11) consists of the cover (21) (Fig. 2), on the upper surface
of which the spherical bearing (6) of the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1) is bolted. When
swinging, the gear shifter lever (7) directly affects the rails in the forks housing (3), causing
their displacement and, consequently, engagement or disengagement of the selected gear
or range in the GB.
To avoid excessive swinging of the gear shifter lever (7), as well as to clearly direct
its motion, the restrictive plate serves (12), which is bolted to the cover (11).
The GB design provides an engine start lock when a gear is engaged in the GB. On
the right side of the cover (21) (Fig. 2), the housing is installed (2) bolted to it. In the hous-
ing (2), the axle (5) of the spring-loaded rocking frame (7) is located. The ring hole of the
frame (7) envelops the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1). At that, rocking of the lever (7) results
in a corresponding movement of the frame (7) (Fig. 2), the axle flat (5) of which affects the
diesel start lock sensor (4) mounted in the threaded hole of the housing (2).
Triggering of the engine start lock is adjusted by the shims (3) located under the
24
sensor (4).
1.2 GB operation
The 9F/2R GB design provides 4 forward gears and one reverse gear, each of them
can be engaged on the both range reducer stages, and one direct forward gear, at en-
gagement of which the input (31) (Fig. 1) and output (6) shaft are rigidly linked by the drive
pinion of 3rd and 6th gears (5) acting as a gear-type coupling at that.
The GB gears and ranges are engaged by a single GB control lever (7) as per the
diagram (Fig. 3). Selection of gears in the GB is preceded by selection of the desired
range of the reducer.
Gears and ranges are switched only when the tractor stopped and the clutch pedal
is pressed on.
To select and engage a reducer range, the operator shifts the gear shift lever (7)
(Fig. 1) from the neutral position to the range-reducer position (Fig. 3). Further, to engage
the Ist reducer stage, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7) (Fig. 1) backwards (Fig.
3). At that, the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1), acting on the reducer rail (13) (Fig. 2), moves
it and its associated roller (9) (Fig. 1) with the fork (8) forward. The drive pinion of Ist re-
ducer stage (22) controlled by the fork (8) moves along he intermediate shaft splines (29)
and engages with the driven pinion (6) of Ist range reducer stage.
To engage the IInd reducer stage, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7) (Fig.
1) in the range reducer position forward (Fig. 3). At that, the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1),
acting on the reducer rail (13) (Fig. 2), moves it and its associated roller (9) (Fig. 1) with
the fork (8) forward. The driven pinion of Ist reducer stage (22) controlled by the fork (8)
moves along he intermediate shaft splines (29) and engages with the inner gear ring of the
drive pinion (21) of IInd range reducer stage, linking it to the intermediate shaft (29). The
pinion (21) is in constant mesh with the driven pinion of the IInd range reducer stage (16).
At the IInd range reducer stage, rotation from the intermediate shaft (29) is transmit-
ted to the output shaft (6) with deceleration less than at the Ist stage.
In the GB range reducer, there is no neutral position of the drive pinion of the Ist re-
ducer stage (22) (Fig. 1), therefore either the Ist or the IInd stage is always turned on in the
range reducer.
To engage the 1st or 2nd forward or reverse gear, the operator shifts the GB control
lever (7) (Fig. 1) to the extreme left position (Fig. 3) being the position of hill-climbing gears
and reverse gears. Further, to engage the 1st or 2nd forward gear, the operator shifts the
GB control lever (7) (Fig. 1) forward (Fig. 3). At that, the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1), act-
ing on the rail of the fork of the 1st gear and reverse gear, moves the fork (19) (Fig. 2)
backward. The sliding pinion of 1st gear and reverse motion (23) controlled by the fork (19)
engages with the driven pinion of 4th and 7th gears (25) (Fig. 1), and power in the GB is
transmitted to the ?GB intermediate shaft (29) through the pinions (5), (23), (22) (Fig. 2),
(23) and (25) (Fig. 1).
To engage the 1st or 2nd reverse gear, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7)
(Fig. 1) to the position of hill-climbing gears and reverse gears backward (Fig. 3). At that,
the gear shifter lever (7) (Fig. 1), acting on the rail of the fork of the 1st gear and reverse
gear, moves the fork (19) (Fig. 2) forward. The sliding pinion of 1st gear and reverse mo-
tion (23) controlled by the fork (19) engages with the intermediate pinion of reverse gear
(26) being in constant mesh with the lesser gear ring of the double-wheel pinion of 5th and
8th gears (26) (Fig. 1). At the reverse gear, power flow in the GB is transferred to the in-
termediate shaft (29) through the pinions (5), (23), (22) (Fig. 2), (23), (26) and (26) (Fig. 1).
To engage the 3rd and 6th, or 9th (direct) gear, the operator shifts the GB control
25
lever (7) (Fig. 1) to the respective positions of those gears (Fig. 3). Further, to engage the
3rd (6th) gear, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7) (Fig. 1) to the position of the said
gears backward (Fig. 3). At that, the gear shifter lever (7), acting on the rail of the fork of
4th and 5th gears, moves the fork (20) (Fig. 2) forward. The sliding pinion of 3rd and 6th
gears (5) controlled by the fork (20) (Fig. 1) engages with the driven pinion of 3rd and 6th
gears (24). By the emerged mesh, power is transferred to the GB intermediate shaft (29).
To engage the 9th (direct) gear, the operator moves the GB control lever (7) (Fig. 1)
from the position of the 3rd (6th) and 9th (direct) forward gears (Fig. 3). At that, the gear
shifter lever (7), acting on the rail of the fork of 3rd and 6th gears, moves the fork (20) (Fig.
2) forward. The sliding pinion of 3rd and 6th gears (5) controlled by the fork (20) (Fig. 1)
engages with the inner gear ring of the output shaft (6), rigidly linking the input (31) and
output (6) shafts.
The 9th (direct) gear must be engaged when the IInd range reducer stage is en-
gaged (Fig. 3). This will avoid a loud noise in the GB, since the IInd reducer stage has an intermediate
shaft speed (29) (Fig. 1) less than the Ist stage.
To engage the 4th (7th) or 5th (8th) gear, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7)
(Fig. 1) to the respective positions of those gears (Fig. 3). Further, to engage the 4th or 7th
gear, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7) (Fig. 1) to the position of the said gears
forward. At that, the gear shifter lever (7), acting on the rail of the fork of 4th and 5th gears,
moves the fork (12) (Fig. 2) and the drive pinion unit of 4th and 5th gears (1) controlled by
it (Fig. 1) backward. The smaller gear ring of the unit (1) engages with the driven pinion of
4th and 7th gears (25). By the created mesh, power from the input shaft (31) is transferred
to the GB intermediate shaft (29).
To engage the 5th or 8th gear, the operator shifts the GB control lever (7) (Fig. 1) to
the position of the said gears backward (Fig. 3). At that, the gear shifter lever (7), acting on
the rail of the fork of 4th and 5th gears, moves the fork (12) (Fig. 2) and the drive pinion
unit of 4th and 5th gears (1) controlled by it (Fig. 1) forward. The larger gear ring of the unit
(1) engages with the driven pinion of 5th and 8th gear (26). By the created mesh, power
from the input shaft (31) is transferred to the GB intermediate shaft (29).
Table 1 shows rated speeds of the BELARUS-510/512 tractor and its modifications
at all GB gears.
26
Rear axle:
1 — housing; 2 — half-axle bearing (217); 3 — final drive driven pinion; 4 - half-axle
tube; 5 — half-axle; 6 — half-axle bearing (217); 8 — cover; 9 — cup; 10 — expansion
springs; 11 — pressure plate; 12 — brake disk; 13 — adapter; 14 — ring; 15 — return
springs; A — working cavity of lockup clutch; 16 — diaphragm cover; 17 — plate; 18 —
pressure plate; 19 — diaphragm; 20 — intermediate disk; 21 — clutch housing
of DL; 22 — DL clutch casing; 23 — brake casing; 24 — fork; 25 — left drive pinion of
final drive; 26 — adjustment shims; 7 — DL clutch shaft; 28 — left bearing body; 29 —
bearings of drive pinion of final drive; 30 — left bearing of differential (7215A); 31 —
crown pinion shaft; 32 — clutch; 33 — inner shaft; 34 — pinion of synchronous PTO; 35
— control roller; 36 — PTO lever; 37 — half-axle pinion; 38 — support washer of half-
axle pinion, 39 — differential cap; 40 — pinion; 41 — right drive pinion of final drive; 42
— ball washer of pinions; 43 — differential housing; 44 — driven pinion of final drive; 45
— cross; 46 — tight-fitting bolts of differential housing; 47 — bushing; 48 — spring; 49
— ring.
27
Independent drive:
Rear axle: • 540 rpm at 1,630 rpm of engine;
Main drive: a pair of bevel gears with cir- Synchronous drive: 3.4 revolutions per
cle-arc tooth. meter when rear tires 15.5 R38 are in-
Differential: bevel, four-pinion. stalled.
Removable PTO end: as per SAE with 6 and
Final drive: pair of spur pinions. 8 splines for 540 rpm
Differential lock:: hydraulically operated Direction of rotation: clockwise as viewed
dry friction clutch from the end butt.
Brakes Hydraulic system

Sevice: on rear wheels: two-disk type, dry, Type: universal, modular, with autono-
with mechanical drive. mous power cylinder.
Disk diameter: 204 mm. Maximum pressure in hydraulic system
Parking: disk-type, dry, with mechanical 180…200 kgf/cm².
hand drive. Distributor:
Disk diameter: 180 mm. spool-type valve:
• Р80-3/1-222-ЗГг (Р80-3/1-111-ЗГг) —
Pneumatic system for tractors without a power governor;
Compressor Hydraulic system outlets: two side and
Type: single cylinder, air cooling. two rear outlets.
The RHL control system has an operat-
Front driving axle ing mode:
Type: portal, with retractable housings of • height.
bevel wheel reduction gears. Hydraulic system oil grades:
Main drive: pair of bevel pinions with circle- • –40°С to +5°С - M-8Г2K
arc teeth. (SAE 15W-40); ВЕСНЕМ STAROIL No.
Differential type: bevel, self-locking, limited- 32;
slip with friction clutches. • +5°С to +50°С - M-10Г2, M-10Г2K
Final drives: with bevel reduction gears. (SAE 15W-40); ВЕСНЕМ STAROIL No.
Transmission oils: Taп-15В, TСп-15K or 32;
TСп-10 (SAE 80W-90);
TAД-17И.
Rear hitch linkage
Type: three-point mounted system of cat-
Drive: from transfer case with two
egory 2
driveshafts with intermediate bearing.
Lifting capacity: 3200 kg at ends of lon-
FDA control: mechanical, lever under oper-
gitudinal rods.
ator’s right hand. Has 3 operating modes:
FDA disengaged; Electric equipment
FDA engaged/disengaged automatically; Electrical system voltage: 12 V.
FDA engaged forced. Start system voltage: 12V.
Power system: two batteries, 12 V each,
Power take-off shaft drive connected in parallel.
(PTO) Alternator
Type: independent one-speed and synchro- 14 V, 1,150 W
nous. Emergency and light signaling system:
Master clutch: planetary gear reducer with • front headlights with upper and lower
belt brakes. beams;
PTO control: mechanical. • rear operating headlights;
PTO end speed: • clearance lights and brake lights;
28
• instrument panel, number plate illumina- Wheels

tion; Front:
• emergency light. 9.00-20 (9.00R20) with a front axle,
11.2-20 (11.2R20) with PTO - 72,
1,000 rpm Rear:
15.5R38;
29
Section C. Controls and Instrumentation Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual
Section C. Controls and Instrumentation
1. Lower fuse block; trols

2. Engine stop lever; 24. Starter switch;
3. Fuel control lever; 25. Rear PTO control lever. Has two positions:
4. Differential lock control knob; lower – PTO off, upper — PTO on.
5. Upper fuse block; 26. Parking brake control lever;
6. Emergency stop signaling switch; 27. Transfer case control rod;
7. Alarm lamp of emergency oil pressure drop 28. Mount lock control lever;
in engine (red); 29. Battery disconnect switch;
8. Alarm lamp of air filter clogging (red); 30, 32. Brake pedals;
9. Engine coolant temperature indicator; 31. Brake pedal connection plate;
10. Voltage indicator; 33. Gear shifter lever;
11. Turn signal pilot lamp (green); 34. PTO drive mode shifter arm. Has three posi-
12. Central light switch; tions: Synchronous drive – Neutral — Inde-
13. Tank fuel level indicator; pendent drive;
14. Upper beam pilot lamp (blue); 35. Fuel control pedal;
16. Engine oil pressure indicator; 36. Clutch pedal;
17. Multifunctional understeering switch, (turn 37. Steering wheel height control mechanism
indicators, upper/lower beam, horn, upper cover.
beam signaling);
18. Steering wheel;
19. Tachometer/speedometer;
20. Steering wheel inclination control;
21, 22, 23. Hydraulic system distributor con-
30
IMPORTANT! Before you start operating the tractor, study the controls and instru-
mentation and their functions.
Instruments and switches

Starter and instrument switch
The switch (1) has four positions:
• 0 — OFF;
• I — Instruments ON;
• II — Starter ON (unfixed position);
• III — Radio ON (key turned counterclockwise).
31
Autonomous instruments
Coolant temperature indicator (1)
The indicator (1) shows the engine coolant

temperature in degrees. The scale has
three zones:
- operating: 80 to 100°C - green;
- warning: 40 to 80°C - yellow; IMPORTANT! If the instrument shows no
- emergency: 100 to 120°C - red; SB charging, check the condition and ten-
sion of the fan driving belt.
Fuel level indicator (3)
Engine oil pressure indicator (4)
The indicator (3) shows the amount of fuel When the engine is running, monitor the in-
in the tank. Do not let the fuel tanks to be strument readings. The normal oil pressure is
fully emptied in order to avoid ingress of air 1 to 5 kgf/cm² (green zone of scale). On a
to the fuel system. cold engine, the pressure can rise to 6
The instrument has a mark-up: kgf/cm².
0 - 0.5 – П
IMPORTANT! Do not let the engine oper-
Voltage indicator (2) ate when the instrument readings are in the
red zones at the rated mode. If the oil pres-
The device indicates SB voltage on a dead sure is too low or absent, immediately stop
engine when the starter key (1) is in posi- the engine, find and correct the fault.
tion “I”. When the engine is running, the Tachometer/speedometer (5)
voltage indicator shows voltage in the trac-
tor electric system. 1. White background — tractor speed scale
(km/h) at II, III, IV GB ranges (5 to 16
Feed system condition gears).
Scale zone,
color
when engine is when engine is 2 and 3. Green background — rear inde-
running off pendent PTO speed scale (rpm);
13.2 – 15.2 V normal charg-
green ing mode
4. Black background — engine speed
10.0 – 12.0 V generator not battery dis- mode scale (rpm);
red operating charged 5. Engine service hours scale.
12.0 – 13.2 V no SB charging SB has normal
yellow (low charging charging
voltage)
15.2 – 16.0 V SB recharged
red
12.7 – 12.0 SB charging
yellow start
white hairline SB rated EMF –
in yellow zone 12.7 V
32
Fuses
In the instrument panel, two electric circuit fuses are mounted.

12 fuses protect the following tractor circuits from overloads:
1 — turn indicators, 15 A;
2 — instrumentation power, 7.5 A;
3 — left headlight lower beam, 7.5 A;
4 — right headlight lower beam, 7.5 A;
5 — right-side clearance lights, number plate illumination, instrument illumination, 15
A;
6 — left-side clearance lights, 7.5 A;
7 — headlight upper beam, 25 A;
8 — horn, 15 A;
9 — backup, 25 A;
10 — backup, 15 A;
11 — emergency stop signaling, rear working lights, 15 A;
12 — stop lights, portable lamp power, 15 A;
Besides, a block with a 60 A fuse is installed on the hydraulic system oil tank to protect
the SB charge circuits.
33
Electric equipment connectors
A standard 7-pin socket is intended to

connect consumers of current of a trans-
portation machine or attached imple-
ment. It is installed on the cab rear sup-
port. To the socket, the plug of the wire
harness of attached machines is con-
nected.
Socket terminal designations:

1 — Left turn indicator;
2 — Horn
3 — Ground;
4 — Right turn indicator;
5 — Right clearance light;
6 — Stop signal;
7 — Left clearance light;
8 — Connection of portable lamp and
other consumers with a current load up to
8 A.
34
Gearbox control
The gearbox is a 9/2 mechanical one.

The lever (1) shifts the gears as per the shift pattern. Before engaging a gear, engage
the required range (stage).
IMPORTANT! Ranges and gears are engaged by the same lever (1), a range is en-
gaged first (Ist or IInd).
Attention! Use of the R gear in traction mode is not allowed.
35
Front drive axle control
The control lever (1) has three fixed po-

sitions:
• FDA off — lowermost position. Use
on transport when moving on hard sur-
face roads;
• FDA forcedly ON — uppermost posi-
tion. Use this mode for a short time
when working on loose and wet soils
and, as necessary, during reverse
movement.
• FDA automatically ON (OFF) – mid po-
sition. In this mode, the FDA is en-
gaged and disengaged automatical-
ly by the free running coupling de-
pending on rear wheel skidding.
Use this mode for different field
works.
ATTENTION! When using the tractor

without driveshafts, shift the control
lever (1) to the uppermost position
(FDA forcedly ON).
36
Hydraulic system pump control

The control lever has two positions:
• Pump ON — upper position;
• Pump OFF — lower position.
IMPORTANT! Turn on the pump only at
the engine minimum idle speed. Turn off
the pump for engine cold start or
maintenance.
Control of hydraulic system distributor

(external cylinder)
Each of the four levers controls the ex-
ternal cylinders and has four positions:
• Neutral — lower mid position (fixed);
• Lifting — lower non-fixed position.
When the cylinder rod reaches its ex-
treme positions, the lever automatical-
ly returns to the Neutral position.
• Forced lowering — upper mid non-
fixed position between the Floating
and Neutral positions. After lowering,
the lever automatically returns to the
Neutral position.
• Floating — upper fixed position.
37
Compressor control
The handle has two positions:

• Compressor ON — when the han-
dle is turned so that the arrow on
the arm would be directed back-
wards with respect to tractor mo-
tion;
• Compressor OFF — when the handle
is turned by 180°C so that the arrow
on the arm would be directed back-
wards with respect to tractor motion;
• The valve 1 screwed into the com-
pressor is intended to take air to in-
flate tires as well as for other purposes
when energy of compressed air is re-
quired.
Changing steering wheel position
To change the position of the steering

wheel by height:
• Remove the cover (2);
• Unscrew the clamp (1) by 3…5 turns;
• Move the wheel to the desired posi-
tion;
• Tighten up the clamp (1) by hand and
install the cover (2) to place.
NOTE: The range of steering wheel

adjustment by height is 100 mm.
To change inclination of the steering col-

umn, pull up the rod (3). The steering
column has four inclined fixed positions
from 25° to 40° with a step of 5°.
Seat
38
The driver’s seat is one-lace, cushioned

on a mechanical suspension with a hy-
draulic shock-absorber, is fixed to the
cab floow with four bolts. The seat can
be adjusted by driver’s weight from 60
to 120 kg, within ± 75 mm in the longi-
tudinal horizontal plane. Correct ad-
justment of the seat by driver’s weight
greatly reduces vibration from the trac-
tor. A correctly adjusted seat must go
down under driver’s weight by a half of
its travel (60 to 65 mm approximately).
Attention! After adjustments of the

seat, all handles (latches) must be re-
turned to their initial positions.
1 — handle for seat longitudinal ad-

justment;
2 — handle for seat adjustment by
driver’s weight;
39
Section D. Operating instructions Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual
Section D. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Running-in
Tractor pre-operation
When preparing a new tractor for opera- Your new tractor will work reliably and
tion, depreserve it proceeding as fol- for long time, provided that running-in is
lows: made properly and necessary mainte-
• remove protective covers and plugs nance is provided within the recom-
fitted on the engine; mended terms. When executing the 30-
• install peacocks of the radiator and cyl- hour running-in, observe the following
inder block; rules:
• fill in all the refill tanks; 1. Constantly monitor the instrument
• unpack the muffler put in the cab and in- readings and operation of the lubri-
stall it onto the exhaust manifold so that cating, cooling and feed systems.
exhaust pipe outlet cut would be directed Monitor the oil and fluid levels in refill
forward along the tractor motion. Install the tanks.
retaining clip at a distance of 8 to 12 mm
from the muffler pipe end. Tighten the clip 2. Check tightening and retighten the
nuts to a torque of 44 to 54 Nm; external fastening junctions.
• drain sediment from the coarse and fine 3. Run in the tractor on light transport
fuel filters and fuel tank; and field works (harrowing, cultiva-
• fill the fuel supply system with fuel and tion, sowing, etc.), gradually increas-
bleed the system to remove air from it; ing the load at different gears.
• check the fan belt tension; 4. Do not overload the engine, do not
• check and adjust the air pressure in the allow fuming or drop of the rotational
tires; speed. The overload symptoms are
• perform servicing of the storage battery; abrupt drop of the engine speed,
• tighten the fasteners; fuming and failure to respond to
• grease all the lubrication points using a higher fuel feed.
gun; 5. The operation of the tractor at very low
• check and adjust, if necessary, the
gear with small load at high engine
front wheel toe-in.
speeds will result in excessive fuel
consumption. Correct selection of a
WARNING! To avoid injuries, make
gear for each particular work provides
sure that all protective guards are in
fuel saving and reduces engine wear.
their places prior to starting the diesel
engine. 6. Regularly perform time-shift mainte-
nance in accordance with recommen-
dations stated in this Manual.
ATTENTION! Starting a new engine, 7. After running-in the tractor, perform
which is not run-in, by towing is not al- the maintenance works.
lowed to avoid the intense wear of the
engine parts.
40
Starting engine
Starting under normal condi-
tions:
IMPORTANT! Start the engine and check the
Check the oil level in the en- instrument operation while sitting in the opera-
gine crankcase and the coolant tor’s seat only.
level in the radiator, as well as
fuel in the tank.
IMPORTANT! Never start the Warning: Never operate the tractor indoors.
engine with an empty cooling
system!
1. Engage the parking brake (1);

2. Switch on the ground switch;
3. Shift the fuel feed lever to the middle
position;
4. Shift the PTO control lever to the OFF
position;
5. Step on the clutch pedal;
6. Shift the gear shifter lever to its neutral
position, shift and hold it in the left-
most positions.
7. Turn the starter key to the position II
(Start) and hold it until the engine
starts, but not more than 15 s. If the
engine fails to start, repeat starting af-
ter at least 30 to 40 s.
8. After the engine starts, release the
clutch pedal and the gear shifter lever.
Check the operation of all indicating
lamps and instrument readings (cool-
ant temperature, oil pressure in the
engine and storage battery charge).
9. Let the engine run at 1,000 rpm until
the oil pressure stabilizes in the oper-
ating range.
41
Starting at low temperatures (+4°С normal conditions”.

and below)
Important! To avoid damage of the

power gear, do not push or pull the
tractor to start the engine by towing.
Warning:
Never use ether means to aid engine
start with an electric torch pre-heater
installed. Application of ether can re-
sult in an explosion of the intake man-
ifold and severe injuries.
When low temperatures are

steady, use winter-grade oils in the
engine crankcase, gearbox and hy-
draulic system according to the rec-
ommendations in this Manual.
Keep the batteries fully charged.
Use clean, without water winter-
grade diesel fuel.
To avoid failures, every day drain
sediment from the coarse fuel filter
and fuel tanks.
IMPORTANT! Refill the fuel tanks at

the end of each working day to pre-
vent condensation in the tanks.
Note: When starting the engine at low

temperatures, a circulation pre-heater
can be used for a cooling system
filled with antifreeze agent. Contact
your dealer for more details on pre-
heater installation.
Procedure of starting the engine at

low temperatures:
1. Turn off the drive of the hydraulic
system oil pump to reduce re-
sistance to crankshaft rotation.
2. Perform the actions 1 to 9 as indi-
cated in the Section “Start under
42
Getting tractor moving
ATTENTION! When selecting the re-

quired gear, use the gear shift pattern.
To start the movement, proceed as fol-

lows:
• engage the required gear as per the
gear shift pattern;
• step on the clutch pedal;
• in the neutral position shift the gear
shifter lever (1) to the leftmost posi-
tion and set the range II or I respec-
tively by moving the lever forward or
backward;
• return the lever to the neutral position
and then set the required speed by
moving the lever (1) forward or back-
ward as per the pattern;
Release the parking brake and re-
lease smoothly the clutch pedal while
increasing slightly the fuel feed. After
starting the motion, increase the fuel
feed.
Avoid getting moved with a high traction
load (e.g. a plough deepened into the
soil).
ATTENTION! Always step on the

clutch pedal prior to engaging the
range (step) and a gear.
Do not hold the foot on the clutch pe-
dal during operation on the tractor,
since this can lead to clutch slipping,
its overheating and failure.
43
Stopping tractor Steering

To stop the tractor:
IMPORTANT! The tractors are
• reduce the engine crankshaft speed; equipped with the hydrostatic steering
• use the service brakes to stop the booster. If the engine is stopped, the
tractor; pump does not supply the system and
• step on the clutch pedal; it starts automatically operating in the
• shift the gear shifter lever to the neu- manual mode where turning the tractor
tral position; requires a greater force to be applied
• engage the parking brake. to the steering wheel.
IMPORTANT! To stop the tractor in

case of emergency, step on the clutch
pedal and twinned service brakes pe-
dal at the same time.
Shutting down engine

IMPORTANT! Prior to shutting down
the engine, lower the implement onto
the ground and let the engine operate
at 1,000 rpm for 1 to 2 min. This will
decrease the engine temperature.
To shut down the engine, proceed as fol-
lows:
• set manual fuel feed lever to minimal
feed position (back to the stop);
• disengage the PTO and shift all dis-
tributor levers to their neutral posi-
tions;
• lower the implement onto the ground;
• pull engine shut-off lever cord handle to
fully stop the engine;
• turn off the ground switch to avoid storage
battery run-down.
Hydraulic system
The hydraulic system controlling the three-
point rear attachment ensures system op-
eration in the height control mode.
Height control
When working with attached tillers, they
must have a supporting wheel.
44
Section E. Unitizing Belarus-510/512 — Operating manual
Section E. UNITIZING
Working equipment for attach-

ing agricultural machines to the
tractor
(for tractors with power regulator)
Rear three-point hitch linkage — to at-

tach mounted and semi-mounted ma-
chines such as plows, seeders, cultiva-
tors, spraying machines etc.
Haul-and-draw coupler (cross-piece)

ТСУ-1Ж — to work with trailed ma-
chines, potato harvesters etc. (except for
one-axle trailers) with a speed of up to 15
km/h.
ATTENTION! Use of ТСУ-1Ж for

transportation works is strictly forbid-
den!
Haul-and-draw coupler ТСУ-2 (hydraulic

hook) — for operation with one-axle trailers
and other machines.
45 45
Rear hitch linkage
The three-point rear hitch linkage of cat-

egory 2 ensures attaching mounted and
semi-mounted agricultural machines and
implements to the tractor with the follow-
ing connecting pieces:
• length of suspension axis L (distance
between the joints A and C) is 870 mm;
• height of machine post is 510 mm; 610
mm
885 or 805
• diameters of fingers for connection to mm
the lower rod joints (1) is 28.7 mm;
• diameter of finger for connection to the В
upper rod (2) is 25 mm.
L = 870 mm
ATTENTION! Before connecting ma-
chines, carefully read this section.
The lower rods consist of two parts:

• the front part or the rod itself;
• the back end with a ball joint. Rated
length of lower rods is 885 mm.
To increase the suspension length, set
the rod ends with the bent front joints
(F70-4605050-01/055-01).
To increase the carrying capacity of the
suspension, replace the rod back ends
(400 mm length) with rod ends with a dis-
tance between the joint axle and the front
hole of 320 mm (N50-4605040А2/045А2).
The total length of the lower rod becomes
805 mm.
ATTENTION! With the rod length of 805

mm the carrying capacity of the suspen-
sion increases by 10% with a simultane-
ous decrease of the lift height by 10%.
The same increase in the carrying capaci-
ty can be achieved by installing the brace
(1) to additional points (the lift height also
decreases by 10%).
46
To inscrease the road clearance when pro- 110 mm

cessing long-stalk crops, install the front
ends of the lower rods to additional suspen-
sion axles located by 110 mm above the
lower rod axle. To copy the floor profile in
the transverse direction while working with
wide-cut implements, link the braces (1)
with the lower rods (2) through the longitu-
dinal grooves.
IMPORTANT! The brace forks must be
behind the hole to avoid damage to the
brace.
Upper rod and braces
The upper rod length can be adjusted from
500 to 740 mm. The length of the adjusta-
ble right brace can be adjusted from 425 to
520 mm by turning the handle (1). When
shipped from the factory, the right brace
length is set to the standard value of 475
mm. The length of the right (unadjustable)
brace is also set to the standard value of
475 mm when the tractor is shipped from
the factory.
During operation, the left brace length can
be changed from 395 to 510 mm depend-
ing on the tractor delivery set and kind of
attached machines and equipment. 425-520
IMPORTANT! Adjust an implement in

the transverse plane only with the right
brace.
Depending on the plowing depth and soil
nature, set the upper rod in one of the three
positions:
I — light soils and small plowing depth at
power control;
II — medium soils and medium plowing
depth at power control;
III — heavy soils at a bid plowing depth, as
well as at position control or without use of
power regulator.
47
Mounting machines to the tractor
1. When mounting machines to the tractor,

first make sure that no one is present in
the zone of mounting the machine.
2. Using the handle of the power regulator (if
available), lower the suspension to the
lower position, drive the tractor back and
attach the machine to the lower rods.
Splint the fingers. Stop the engine.
3. Lengthen or shorten the upper rod (1) and
link the rod ball joint to the machine. Splint
the finger.
4. If necessary, adjust the upper rod to the
initial or desired length.
5. If necessary, adjust the transverse tilt
of the machine using the right adjust-
able brace (2). To increase the brace
length, turn the lever (3) clockwise and
vice versa.
6. Before you start working, make sure that:
• the tractor don't be in dangerous prox-
imity to the machine elements;
• the upper rod do not touch the PTO
guard at the lowermost position of the
machine;
• the PTO cardan drive be not too long,
with large joint angles, and that there be
no thrust forces;
• the PTO guard do not touch the ma-
chine cardan drive guard.
7. Slowly lift the machine and check avail-
ability of clearances of 100 mm min. be-
tween the wheel and the machine in the
raised position.
8. Check availability of the required side
oscillation of the lower rods and, as nec-
essary, adjust with the braces.
48
Attach machines (implements) to the trac-

tor also using the automatic coupling СА-1,
connected to the hitch linkage of the tractor
in three points (two rear joints of the lower
rods and the rear joint of the upper rod).
To prevent spontaneous disconnection of
the machine from the tractor, fix the latch of
the automatic coupling with a spring catch
pin.
Limit (telescopic) rods (1)
The rods are used to limit side oscillation of

the suspension lower rods both in the
transportation, and in the working position.
This is especially necessary when working
on slopes, close to ditches, walls etc.
The back end of the rod is connected to
the lower rod, and the front end is con-
nected to the bracket in one of the four
positions depending on the job.
• Position 1. The rods prevent side oscil-
lation of the implement in the transporta-
tion position.
• Position 2. The rods prevent side oscilla-
tion of the implement both in the trans-
portation and in working positions.
IMPORTANT! Use the positions 3 and 4

only when installing the lower rods to ad-
ditional suspension axles (upper axles).

lation of the implement in the transpor-
tation position.
lation of the implement both in the
transportation and in working positions.
ATTENTION! The rods must be in-
stalled only to the bracket holes that
are second from the bottom (position 2)
to prevent damage to the rods.
ATTENTION! The rods must be in-

stalled only to the bracket holes that
are second from the bottom (position 2)
to prevent damage to the rods.
49
Partial lock of telescopic rods
ATTENTION! The telescopic rods must be

installed only to the hole that is second
from the bottom.
To ensure the desired side movement of

the machine, ex. plow, in the working posi-
tion, adjust the rods as follows:
• turning the screw (2), set the handle (3) to
the middle of the flat “B”;
• remove the cotter (5) from the rod;
• attach the machine to the lower rods (7)
and lift it off the ground;
• aligning the hole in the inner pipe (4)
with the groove of the pipe (6), insert the
cotter (5) in the middle of the groove.
IMPORTANT! Install the cotter (5) so

that it be in the middle of the groove or
slightly closer to the tractor. Otherwise
the rods may be damaged.
Before a transportation journey, raise the

machine to the upper position and check
its side oscillation that must not exceed
20 mm to any side. If necessary, adjust
the oscillation magnitude turning the screw
(2).
Fully locking rods
To fully lock machines, ex. a cultivator or a

trailed device, in the working position ad-
just the rods similarly to the partial lock,
except for the last operation, at which align
the hole of the inner pipe (4) with the hole
of the outer pipe (6) and insert the cotter
(5) into the holes.
Ensure a full lock in the transportation posi-
tion (with the machine lifted) by screwing
the screw (2) into the pipe (4) to the maxi-
mum extent possible.
50
Inner rods (2)
Used also to limit side oscillation of ma-

chines both in the working and in transpor-
tation positions.
NOTE: The telescopic rods are installed only
outside.
Partial lock (for plowing)

Adjust at the machine working position as
follows:
• screw the adjustment bolts (1) into the
brackets up to stop;
• lift the machine so that its tools take off the
ground;
• adjust the right bracket length to the de-
sired plowing depth (when working with
a plow);
• by rotating the braces (2), adjust the length
of the limit chains ensuring machine
movement in the horizontal plane by 125
mm to each side from the middle position
or according to the machine operating
manual.
When installing the machine to the trans-
portation position, screw out the bolts (1)
for its partial lock. Oscillation of the ma-
chine to the both sides to 20 mm max. is
allowed.
A full lock (for cultivation, sowing etc.) is

set as follows:
• fully screw in the adjustment bolts (1);
• shorten the rods (2) to the maximum ex-
tent possible.
IMPORTANT! When changing the right

brace length, always re-adjust the rods.
51
Outer chain binders (2)

Partial lock
Ensure horizontal movement of the ma-

chine in the working position by connect-
ing the limit chains to the lower holes of
the brackets (1) and adjusting the chain
length using the rods (2), to obtain oscilla-
tion of the tool to each side by 125 mm
min. or according to the machine operating
manual.
When working with plows, adjust the right
bracket length to the desired plowing depth.
ATTENTION! Always maintain the oscil-

lation of the machine of 125 mm min. to
avoid break of chains when the machine
is lifted to the transportation position.
When installing the machine to the trans-

portation position, tension the chains with
the rods (2). Oscillation of the machine of
20 mm max. to the both sides is allowed.
Full lock
To fully lock the machine in the transporta-

tion position, attach the limit chains (2) to
the hole of the bracket (1) second from the
bottom and shorten the chains (2) to the
maximum extent possible.
In the transportation position, lock is pro-
vided automatically.
52
Additional suspension axles of

lower rods of hitch mechanism
When processing high-stalk crops, install
the lower rods (3) to additional suspension
axles. At that, to partially lock the machine
in the working position, attach the limit
chains (2) to the hole of the bracket (1)
third from the bottom and to fully lock — to
the fourth hole.
In the transportation position, lock is pro-
vided automatically.
Haul-and-draw coupler ТСУ-1Ж (cross-

piece) (4)
The haul-and-draw coupler is used to at-
tach machines working at speeds not ex-
ceeding 15 km/h/ Tractors are shipped
from the factory with the cross-piece in-
stalled as shown in Fig. I. To re-set from
the transportation position (I) to the working
position (II), proceed as follows:
1. Unsplint and take out the eye (3), re-
move the cross-piece (4).
2. Unsplint and take out the finger (2), re-
move the back ends of the lower rods (5).
3. Install the cross-piece (4) to the front
ends of the lower rods (1), fasten it with
the eye (3) of the limit chains, fingers (2)
and splints (see Fig. II).
With outer or inner installation of limit chains,
ensure a full lock of the haul-and-draw cou-
pler. When installing a haul-and-draw coupler
with telescopic rods, attach them to the bracket
hole second from the bottom and ensure a full
lock.
ATTENTION! It is forbidden to use the

haul-and-draw coupler forks to work with
trailers at a speed exceeding 15 km/h.
IMPORTANT! Make sure that the haul-
and-draw coupler is locked from side os-
cillation by adjusting the inner or outer
rods.
IMPORTANT! Make sure that the haul-
and-draw coupler is locked from side os-
cillation by adjusting the inner or outer
rods.
53
Front counterweights.
When working with heavy implements and
tools, to preserve normal controlability of
the tractor under conditions of significant
unloading of the front axle, install addi-
tional counterweights (1) (10 pcs. 20 kg
each). The counterweights are installed on
the special bracket (2) attached to the front
bar of the tractor and braced with the
string (4) and nut (3).
Mechanism of locking attach-

ment in transportation position
a) lift the attachment to the uppermost

position, shifting the distributor lever
to the lift position.
The stop 10 of the cylinder hydrome-
chanical valve must be in the rearmost
position on the cylinder rod.
b) bring the handle 13 and the lock
mechanism with it to the lower posi-
tion;
c) shift the distributor handle to the float-
ing position. Under action of the at-
tachment, the pivot lever 12 turns,
and the tooth must engage with the Mechanism of locking an attachment of a tractor
catch 1. with a small cab:1 — catch; 2, 3 — rods; 4 — cylinder
To unlock the attachment, proceed as brackes; 5 — axle; 6, 7 — levers; 8 — bracket; 9 —
follows: spring; 10 — stop; 11 — control rod; 12 — pivot lever;
a) lift the attachment to the uppermost 13 — control handle.
position, shifting the distributor lever
to the lift position.
b) lift the handle 13 to the upper position.
54
Control of hydraulic system and

hitch linkage of tractor
On tractors, the hitch linkage is controlled

by the extreme right lever of the distribu-
tor.
Working with implements, use only the lift
and floating positions of the lever.
It is forbidden to shift the lever to the
lowering position when working with
soil processing implements!
Use the lowering position only to control
the extension cylinders installed on a ma-
chine and intended to control positions of
tools (such as reel, haeder, sharers etc.) of
harvesting, sowing and other machines. If
after completion of a cylinder stroke, the
distributor lever does not return to the neu-
tral position automatically, bring it there
manually. And on the contrary, in case of
an early return of the lever, hold it with
hand to let the operation be completed.
Specifics of operating tractor with

machines requirind drive from rear
PTO
General recommendations:
a) before attaching a machine, make sure

that the PTO control is correctly adjust-
ed;
b) install and secure the required (6-, 8- or
21-spline) PTO shank and engage the
respective speed drive, at that set 540
rpm for the 6-, 8-spline one and 1,000
rpm for the 21-spline one.
To replace the PTO shank, proceed as
follows:
1. Unscrew four bolts and remove the cap (1).
2. Unscrew the four nuts (3) and remove
the casing (2).
55
3. Unscrew the six bolts (4), remove the
lock plate (6) and remove the shank
(5).
4. Install another shank into the spline hole
and install the plate (6), screwing in the
bolts (4) to a torque of 50 Nm.
5. Assemble the other parts in the order
reverse to disassembling.
c) lubricate the shaft and pipe of the tel-
escopic joint of the cardan drive with
solid oil. Install the cardan drive joint
to the PTO shank, secure it in the fix-
ing groove. Make sure that the forks
(1) of the joints of intermediate (tele-
scopic) shaft lay with the ears (2) in
the same plane. Failure to observe
this requirement results in overloads
of the cardan drive and PTO. Tractor PTO
d) install the casing of the agricultural end
machine driveshaft;
e) after installing the cardan drive, make
sure, that the elements of the cardan
drive telescopic joint do not stop against
the tractor in the extreme positions of the 110-120 mm
machine; the minimum overlap of the
cardan drive telescopic part must be 110
to 120 mm as in case of a lesser value
the drive may disengage.
f) adjust the safety coupling of the agri-
cultural machine by changing the
length of the spring (1). It must be ad-
justed so that in case of overloads the
cam clutches 2 and 3 rotate each rela-
tive to the other. A too strong tension
of the spring results in maloperation of
the clutch and overloads of the cardan
drive and PTO.
g) engage the PTO independent drive at
minimum engine speed or when the
engine is off. Engage the synchronous
PTO drive when the engine is running
by gradually engaging the clutch.
h) disengage the PTO when making
turns with the machine (for trailer ma-
chines) as well as when lifting the ma-
chine to the transportation position (for
mounted and semi-mounted ma-
chines);
56
i) after detaching the machine from the piece) is allowed only at a speed not ex-
tractor do not leave the cardan drive ceeding 15 km/h without driving on public
joint on the PTO shank; roads and when performing agricultural
works.
j) when installing the drive pulley on the
PTO rear cover, as well as drive re-
duction gears of the special machine ATTENTION!
drive (cotton-growing, excavating ma- Attaching machines such as trailers and
chines etc.), make sure that they be semi-trailers through ТСУ-1Ж (cross-
centered relative to the shank (fit into piece) is strictly forbidden.
the bore Ø162 mm on the rear cov-
er), and their fastening nuts are tight-
ened up securely.
When working with rotation machines When working with single-axle trailers,
for tilling: install additional counterweights to add
a) monitor serviceability and normal op- additional load to the tractor front axle.
eration of safety devices; When a towing gear is installed on the trac-
b) do not engage the PTO with a tool put tor, do not attach semi-trailers (single-axle
down to the ground; trailers) as well as non-standard towbars.
c) bring down the machine with rotating
tools smoothly during tractor movement;
d) do not engage the PTO when the refrac-
tion angle in one of the cardan drive
joints exceeds 22 degrees;
e) when working on hard soils, process
transverse strips to enter the enclo-
sure, only then work the field in the
longitudinal direction.
ATTENTION!
When operating the tractor without use
of the PTO, always shift the PTO control
lever to the PTO ON position, set the
shift clutch of the PTO two-speed drive
to the position 1 (540 rpm), and set the
shifter lever from the independent to the
synchronous PTO drive to the middle
(neutral) position.
When the PTO synchronous drive is en-
gaged, do not drive faster than 8 km/h.
At a speed higher than specified, rota-
tion of the PTO parts exceeds the allow-
able values, which results in early fail-
ures of the unit.
Working with mounted and semi-

mounted machines
Single-axle machines such as semi-

trailers are attached to the tractor by
ТСУ-2 (hydraulic hook). Transportation
of the machines using ТСУ-1Ж (cross-
57
Use of rear attachment with a tow gear

installed on the tractor is strictly for-
bidden!
The trailers work at speeds determined

by road conditions. With 2ПТС-4-887А
with 20 and 45 m³ bodies, operating at
speeds up to 15 km/h is allowed, as they
have lower stability. Avoid making sharp
turns for such trailers and 1РМГ-4
spreaders to avoid damages to rear
fenders.
The hinge of trailers (2ПТС-4-785А etc.)
must be fixed to prevent its rotation in or-
der to avoid its pinching.
During operation, the fork of the ТСУ-1Ж
haul-and-draw coupler must be fastened
on the trailer cross-member with two
pins. Working with the fork fastened with
one pin is forbidden.
Before work, make sure that the pins and
pivot of the hitch fork are securely splint-
ed. Connect all signaling devices of the
trailers (stop signal, turn indicators, plate
illumination) using the socket installed on
the tractor.
Use of tractor auxiliary equipment
As auxiliary equipment on the tractor, the

drive pulley, additional counterweights to
the front axle, the SA-1 automatic cou-
pler, the spacer for mounting coupled
rear wheels and other equipment can be
installed.
The drive pulley is installed on the cover

of the rear PTO reduction gear and is
driven from the PTO splined shank. To
avoid deformation of the PTO shank,
necessarily install the housing on four
studs with centering the flange in the
PTO cover. Engage and disengage the
pulley using the PTO control lever.
Additional counterweights of a total

weight of 220 kg are installed on a spe-
cial bracket fastened to the tractor front
bar.
58
Tires
IMPORTANT!
1. Never exceed tire pressures as recommended by the manufacturer.
2. Don’t weld the disk or perform any other repairs with a tire inflated. To unmount
and repair tires, contact a shop with specially trained personnel.
Tires used on 510/512 tractors
Tires When FDA 72 is installed When front axle is installed

Main
9.00 – 20;
front 11.2 – 20;
(9.00R20)
rear 15.5R38 15.5R38
IMPORTANT! For tractors with FDA, correctly select a combination of front and
rear tires. Use of a correct combination of front and rear tires ensures maximum per-
formance of the tractor, increases the service life of the tires and decreases wear of the
power gear parts. Use of worn and new tires, or tires of different diameters or rolling ra-
dius can result in misobservance of requirements to kinematic compliance and exces-
sive wear of the tire.
For normal operation of the tractor, set the tire pressure as indicated in the table below. Set
the pressure in “cold” tires. When performing jobs that require high tractive forces, set the
pressure as for the speed of 30 km/h.
For transportation jobs on roads with hard surfaces, increase the pressure by 30 MPa.
When working with a front lift, set the maximum pressure specified for front tires.
59
Table of loads for tires used on 510/512 tractor
Tire Load Speed Volume Allowable load, kgf (N) at pressure, MPa
size index symbol of liq-
uid
filled 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28
in, l
9.00-20 112 А6 - 640 715 780 840 900 960 1,020 1,070 1,120 -
9.00R20 112 А8 580 640 715 780 840 900 960 1,020 1,070 1,120 -
15.5R38 134 А8 250 1,420 1,620 1,810 1,975 2,120 - - - - - -
11.2-20 114 А6 - 765 850 930 1000 1080 1145 1180 - - -

(2.1)
For tires with the A6 speed symbol, the loads are indicated for the speed of 30 km/h.
For tires with the A8 speed symbol, the loads are indicated for the speed of 40 km/h.
60
Allowable changes in loads to tires of guide wheels and drive wheels depending
on speed
Table
Speed, km/h Change in load, %, on tires of guide wheels with speed
symbol
A6, 30 km/h A8 (40 km/h)
10‫٭‬ +50 +67
15 +43 +50
20 +35 +39
25 +15 +28
30 0 +11
35 -10 +4
40 -20 0
45 - -7
* For tires with ply rating of 6 and more, the inner pressure must be increased by 25%.
When using tires with ply rating of 6 an more on front loaders, the load on tire can be
increased to 100% only in loading mode.
Table
Speed, km/h Change in load, %, on tires of drive wheels with speed
symbol
A6, 30 km/h A8 (40 km/h)
10‫٭‬ +40 +50
15 +30 +34
20 +20 +23
25 +7 +11
30 0 +7
35 -10 +3
40 -20 0
45 - -4
50 - -9
* The inner pressure must be increased by 25%.
A short-time increase in load is allowed for 10% of the shift time max.
Note. Changes of loads depending on the speed are used in cases when the tire is not
operated for a long time at high torques. During fiel works and other conditions of long-
time operation at high torques, the values are applied corresponding to the speed of
30 km/h.
For transportation jobs on roads with hard surfaces, increase the pressure by 30 Mpa
(0.3 kgf/cm²).
When wheels are twinned, their total carrying capacity must not exceed the carrying
61
capacity of a single tire by more than 1.7 time.
Under normal conditions, set the minimum allowable pressure in tires for operation with
trailed machines.
When working with attached machines, set a higher tire pressure.
When using twin tires, the pressure in the outer tire must be 1.2 to 1.25 times lower
than in the inner tire.
Allowable loads on front and rear axles

Allowable load, kN
Tractor model:
On front axle On rear axle
90 17.5 50.0
92 24.0 50.0
Notes.
1. Loads on axles must not exceed the total carrying capacity of single
tires of the front or rear wheels.
2. When setting a wheel track exceeding 1,000 mm, the loads on the ax-
les must be decreased from calculation of 5% by each 100 mm of track increase.
62
Liquid ballast
Filling tires with liquid ballast is used only in case of weak grip of the wheels to the
ground under unfavorable conditions (such as wetlands etc.).
NOTE: Ballasting the front tires is not recommended as this worsens the tractor
controllability.
During the cold season, it is recommended to apply an aqueous solution of calcium

chloride of the following concentrations:
Ambient temperature, °C Quantity of calcium chloride, g per l of
water
up to −15°C 200
up to −25°C 300
up to −35°C 435
This ensures a low freezing temperature, results in an increase of the solution density
and produces a safe and economical ballast. At correct its use, it won’t damage tires,
tubes or rims.
When a tire is filled with liquid, the tire valve must be in the highest point of the wheel.
The table below specifies volumes of solution filled into the rear tires
Tire size Volume of solution filled in, l per tire
15.5R38 250
IMPORTANT! Radial tires must no be filled with liquid ballast to more than 40 to 50 per cent of the
volume. If the volume filled in is too large, the remaining air volume won’t be sufficient to absorb
shocks, which may result in tire damage. The reason of it is a lower air pressure for the radial tires. Di-
agonal tires may be filled up to 75 per cent of their volume.
WARNING: When mixing a solution, add flakes of calcium chloride to water and stir the solution up
to full dissolving of calcium chloride CaCl2. Never add water to calcium chloride. When preparing
the solution, wear protective goggles. In case of eye contact with the solution, wash the eyes with pure
water immediately for 5 minutes. As soon as possible, call the doctor.
63
Installing twin rear wheels

Main Wheel Additional Wheel
To improve the passing ability, the trac-
2700-2900 mm
tors can be equipped with twin rear tyres tyres of 15.5R38 size
of 15.5R38 size with use of additional 430 mm
spacers. To install an additional wheel,
unmount the main wheel, press off the
short bolts from the hub (1) and press in
the long bolts (2) supplied with the spac-
ers. To the bolts (2), install the main wheel
and fasten it with the nuts (3). Then install
the spacer (4) on the same bolts and fas-
ten with the nuts (5). After that, install the
additional wheel on the bolts (6) of the
spacer and fasten it with the nuts (7). The
tightening torque of the nuts fastening the
rear wheels is 300 to 350 N•m (30 to 35
kgf•m).
ATTENTION! Installing twin wheels Half-shaft

to increase the hauling capacity is
forbidden.
64
Section F. Adjustments Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
Section F. Adjustments
Adjusting front wheel track of steering
booster without cylinder in steering
linkage
The front wheel track can be adjusted

from 1,350 to 1,850 mm with 100 mm in-
crements in case of symmetrical position
of wheels and 50 in case of asymmetrical
position. To adjust the track, proceed as
follow:
a) put a jack under the front of the
tractor and lift the tractor until the wheels
take off the ground. Put a support under
the tractor front to provide secure and
safe tractor position;
b) loosen the bolts (1), remove the
pins (2) fastening retractable knuckles in
the front axle tube;
c) move first one, then the other re-
tractable knuckle (6). At the same time,
change the length of steering rods by ro-
tating the tube (3) in the tips (5), first un-
screwing the locknuts (4) to an extent
corresponding to the wheel track to set.
Fasten the knuckles in the front axle
tube.
d) lower the tractor. Check the wheel
toe-in and adjust as necessary.
65
PTO with bevel gear speed reducers.

Steering booster without cylinder in
steering linkage
The front wheel track is adjusted step-
less by a screw mechanism located on
the front axle sleeves in three ranges:
1,350-1,500 mm, 1,500-1,600 mm,
1,600-1,800 mm.
To obtain the required wheel track, set the
mutual bracing of the whee; rim relative to
the disk as shown on the figure below.
For wheels with constant disk offset, the
track is adjusted stepless within 1,400 to
1,600 mm and 1,750 to 1,950 mm.
To change the track, raise the tractor front
(or front wheels in turn), providing a clear-
ance between the wheels and soil, brake
the rear wheels. Put a support under the
tractor front to provide secure and safe
tractor position, after that;
a) unscrew the bolts (4) and remove the
cover (2);
b) release the wedges of sleeves (3) un-
screwing the nuts by an extent ensur-
ing free movement of conical pair 4
housings.
Rotating the adjustment screw (1) with
a wrench ensures movement of final
reduction gear housings with wheels
in the front axle sleeves and obtaining
the desired wheel track in the speci-
fied ranges. Rotation of the adjust-
ment screw must result in changes of
the steering rod length.
66
Adjusting front wheel toe-in on trac-

tors with steering booster
Manufacturer sets the front wheel toe-in

withing the range of 0 to 8 mm.
Periodically after each 250 service hours
as well as at each change of front wheel
track check and as necessary adjust the
wheel toe-in. Before checking, adjust
clearances in the wheel bearings and
steering rod joints.
To adjust the wheel toe-in, proceed as
follows:
a) install the tractor on a horizontal hard
surface;
b) set the pitman arm (10) to the middle
position, to do that, turning the steer-
ing wheel, set it to a position when the be greater than the first; the differ-
dipstick in the steering booster hous- ence between the second “В” and
ing is buried to a maximum extent; first “Г” measurements is equal to the
c) check that the conical pair housings wheel toe-in and must be 0 to 8 mm.
(for tractors with FDA) or steering As necessary, adjust the toe-in by
knuckles (for tractors without FDA) be changing the steering rod length. At
extended to the length “Б” from the that, lengthen or shorten the left and
front axle housing or front axle tube right rods by the same amount.
respectively; f) again check setting of the pitman
d) adjust the left and right steering rods, arm to the middle position (by dip-
lengthening or shortening them to the stick) and the difference between the
same value, to do that, loosen the measurements “В” and “Г”;
locknuts (3, 5, 6, 8) and by rotating the g) lock the steering rod tubes after final
left and right tubes (7, 4), set the readjustment of wheel toe-in.
quired length;
e) determine the wheel toe-in by measur-
ing the distance (measurement “Г”)
between the inner flanges of wheel
rims in front (at the wheel center
height) and chalk marks in the meas-
urement points. Then drive the tractor
ahead by a distance, when the marks
be at the rear at the same height and
measure the distance between the
marked points (measurement “В”).
The second measurement must
67
Adjusting rear wheel track
1. Jack-lift the tractor rear part to sepa-

rate the wheels from the ground. Put
a support under the tractor rear part to
provide secure and safe tractor posi-
tion;
2. Unscrew the nuts (1) fastening the
wheels and remove the wheels.
3. Loosen the four bolts (2) of the rear
wheel hubs by 3 to 5 turns.
4. Move the hub in one or other direc-
tion to obtain the track width (use the
table given below to determine the
track width by measuring the dis-
tance “A” from the half-axle end to
the hub face.
5. Tighten the four hub fastening bolts
to a torque of 280 to 300 N•m.
6. Mount the wheel and tighten the fas-
tening nuts to a torque of 210 to 260
N•m.
7. Repeat these operations on the op-
posite wheel.
NOTE: A track width of up to 1,600

mm can be obtained without changing
the wheel disk position. To obtain a
track width up to 2,100 mm, transpose
the rear wheels assembled with the
hubs as shown in the figure.
Wheel track, mm Distance “A”, mm

1,500 50
1,600 0
1,800 164
1,900 114
2,000 64
2,100 14
When transposing the rear wheels, ob-

serve the wheel rotation direction as in-
dicated by the arrow on the tire sidewall.
68
Adjusting power take-off shaft
Adjusting rear PTO control mecha-

5. Fix the lever 11 in the neutral position in-
nism troducing the bolt 10 (M10×60) to the hole
on the lever 11 and the hole on the rear
When assembled by the manufacturer, axle housing corresponding to it;
or after a repair (for example, after re- 6. Remove the lock bar 26
placement of brake bands), the control (Fig. 2), screw in turn the adjusting screws
mechanism is adjusted as follows: 21 to a torque of 8 to 10 N•m, then un-
1. Set the eccentric axle 15 screw each screw by two turns, at that
в to its initial position so that the flat “C” screw the screws so that the screw heads
(Fig. 2) be at the right side vertically and be parallel to the tractor centerline;
fasten it with the lock bar 17 and bolt 16. 7. Remove the bolt 10 (M10×60) retaining
2. Disconnect the rod 4 (Fig. 1); the lever 11 in the neutral position;
3. Unscrew the bolt 9 to release the spring 6; 8. Screw the bolt 9 directing its tip to the re-
To safely disassemble the unit, watch cess in the barrel cover стакана
that when unscrewing the bolt 9 the up- 7 to the dimension “A” equal 26 +2 mm and
per barrel be in constant contact with it lock it with the nut 8;
up to a full release of the spring. 9. Shift the lever 11 back to the ON position;
4. Remove the rear axle hatch cover to gain
access to the screws 13;
Fig. 1 Rear PTO control:

1 - control lever; 2 — adjusting fork; 3, 8 — nuts; 4 — rod; 6 — spring; 7 — outer barrel; 9 — stop
bolt; 10 — adjusting bolt (only for adjustment); 11 — control roller arm; 12 — control roller; 13 —
adjusting screws; 14 — inner barrel; 15 — lever.
69
Fig. 2 Rear PTO planetary gear:

1 - drive strike clutch; 2 – crown pinion shaft; 3 — nut; 4 — spider; 5 — sun pinion; 6 — planetary
pinion; 7 — crown pinion; 8 — planetary pinion shaft; 9 — brake drum;10 — PTO shaft; 11, 13 —
brake band; 12 — engagement drum; 14 — rear cover; 15 — crank axle; 16 — bolt fastening lock
bar; 17 — lock bar; 18 — replaceable shank; 19 — replaceable shank lock bar; 20 — shank fas-
tening bolt; 21 — adjusting screws; 22, 24 — arm; 23 — spring mechanism; 25 — control roller; 26
— lock bar; 27 — splints.
in its extreme positions.

10. Set the rod 4 (Fig. 1) changing
Readjustment is performed as follows:
the length of the rod 4 and arm 15 adjust
the dimension “B” (50 +10 mm). 1. Shift the PTO lever 1 to the PTO ON posi-
After adjustment, install the lock bar 26 tion;
and splints 27 (Fig. 2) on the adjusting 2. Remove the PTO guard.
screws 21, the rear axle hatch cover, 3. Unscrew the bolt (16), remove the lock bar
lock the rod 4 and arm 15 (Fig. 1) as (17) from the eccentric axle shank (15)
well as the bolt 9. and rotate the axle clockwise to select a
During operation, external readjustment clearance between the brake band and
is performed when: drum (in such a case, the PTO shank
a) PTO slips; cannot be rotated by hand).
b) the control lever 1 stops against 4. Fix the axle with the lock bar (17) and bolt
the cab floor when shifted; (16).
c) the engagement force on the lever 5. Install the PTO guard to place.
1 exceeds 12 to 15 kgf;
d) the lever 1 cannot be clearly fixed
70
IMPORTANT! In case of significant availability of vacant spaces around it and

wear of brake bands, turn the eccentric the levers connected with it. PTO slipping
axle by 180°, removing excessive means that the spring mechanism or the lev-
clearances between the brake band ers meet additional resistance when moved
and drum (flat on the left). After that, fix over due to lack of lubricant in joints, high
the shaft with the lock bar (17) and bolt contamination, touching adjacent tractor parts
(16). etc.
After several external readjustments, the ATTENTION!

eccentric axle 15 (Fig. 2) takes the left-
most position (the flat “B” is on the left Perform all adjustments with the engine off.
vertically), which indicates that no more
reserve of external adjustment is availa-
ble. In such a case, set the eccentric
axle to initial position by rotating it
counter-clockwise (the flat is on the
right vertically), after that perform ad-
justments as described for PTO control
adjustment for assembly by manufac-
turer or PTO repair.
When adjustment is correct, the lever 1
(Fig. 1) in the ON position must be at
least 50 mm away from the cab floor
(dimension “B”).
On tractors of earlier make, the PTO ex-

ternal readjustment mechanism may not
be available (pos. 15, 16, 17, Fig. 2). In
such a case, adjust as specified above
for adjustment of PTO control after repair
or in assembly by manufacturer. On
small-cab tractors, the dimension “B” is
50 to 60 mm. PTO brake efficiency, ab-
sence of slipping depends only on the
spring mechanism and first of all on
71
ADJUSTMENT OF RELEASE LEVER

POSITION
After installing the clutch onto the flywheel

and removing the mounting bolts, adjust the
position of the release levers 3 with the spe-
cial mandrel 4 that is based on the inner di-
ameter of the hub splines of the backing
plate 5 resting against the hub end. The
mandrel has an end face for rest of release
levers. The Figure shows the mandrel di-
mensions. With the adjusting nuts 2 bring
the release levers to stop against the man-
drel end, first removing the lock washers 1.
ADJUSTING COUPLING HOOK

CONTROL MECHANISM
ATTENTION! Before adjusting the HDC,
first unscrew the screws 1 from the shack-
les 2 to ensure free travel of the levers in
order to avoid damage to the brace pins.
To adjust the control mechanism, proceed as
follows:
Fig. 3
1. Raise the implement levers to the maxi-
mum possible height and adjust the lifting
rod with the screw 1 (see Fig. 3) screw the
screws into the shackles 3 up to stop of the
screw heads against the surfaces of the
shackles 2 and lock them with locknuts. At
that the catches 4 must go under the axis of
the hook 5 without touching it.
2. Lift the handle 6 and install the element
A of the clamp 6 into the hole in the cab
floor.
3. By adjusting the length of the rod 7, en-
sure the clearance B between the catches
4 and the axis of the hook 5 when it is
Fig. 4
lowered or raised (see Fig. 4).
4. Raise the levers to the upper position
and lower the handle 6. At that the catch-
es 4 must settle under the hook axis.
5. Make sure that when the levers are
lowered, the catches ensure locking the
hook in the working position.
ADJUSTING REAR AXLE
DIFFERENTIAL LOCK CONTROL
For normal operation of the differential lock

control, correctly adjust the relationship of
72
the handle 4 and the cock 1 of the lock Adjust the safety coupling to transfer of a
sensor, proceeding as follows: torque of 40 to 80 kgf•m (400 to 800 N•m).
Adjust the coupling by tightening the nut 2 of
the rear shaft shank of the intermediate sup-
port to ensure transfer of the required torque.
Periodically check the side play in the uni-
versal joint cross bearings. If any play is pre-
sent, disassemble the joint and check condi-
tion of the bearings and crosses, replace
worn parts. When assembling the gland
holders, press them in up to stop against the
bearing.
The driveshaft is balanced dynamically. Do
a) fasten the free end of the cable 2 in not disassemble the driveshaft without a
the clamp with the screw 3, at that special need. When replacing parts such as
the cable end must protrude from the pipe with joint forks and flange during opera-
clamp to 5 to 10 mm max.; tion, balance the driveshaft assembly with
b) shift the handle 4 to the position I. two joints again dynamically by welding
Stretch the cable until the cock starts plates to the both ends of the pipe. Unbal-
turning and lock the coupling with ance must not exceed 55 g•cm. Do not crank
the screws 3; lead the second clamp the driveshafts with tire levers, keys or other
up against the coupling and fasten it devices to avoid damage to sealings and
with the screw. failures of cross bearings.
To check correctness of the adjustment,
shift the handle to the fixed position II, at
that the mark on the cock 1 must align
with the mark “вкл.” (“on”) on the lock
sensor cover. The handle and the cock
must return to the position I from the po-
sitions II and III under action of the
spring.
ADJUSTING FDA CARDAN DRIVE
In the cardan drive, adjust the safety

coupling in the intermediate support and
check the side play in the cardan bear-
ings.
73
Adjusting tapered roller bearings of

wheel guides of Belarus 510 tractors
When adjusting bearings of wheel

guides, set the axial clearance of 0.08 to
0.20 mm. Check it after each 1,000 ser-
vice hours. To do that, raise the wheel
and slightly rocking it in the direction
perpendicular to the rotation plane, de-
termine the bearing clearance.
If a high clearance is determined, adjust
proceeding as follows:
a) unscrew the bolts and remove the
cap 2;
b) unsplint the castle nut 1 and, rotating
the wheel by hand, tighten the nut 1
until a high resistance to wheel rota-
tion appears. Then unscrew the nut
only to an extent allowing to obtain
alignment of the nearest slot of the
nut with the cotter-pin hole in the
half-axle.
c) check easy rotation of the wheel;
d) fasten the nut with a cotter pin, in-
stall the cap to place first filling it with
grease.
74
Section G. Maintenance Belarus– 510/512 Operating manual
Section G. Maintenance
KINDS OF MAINTENANCE OF THE TRACTORS
Kind of maintenance Frequency or term of maintenance organ-

ization in tractor service hours
Maintenance during the tractor pre-operation:

MS during the tractor preparation for
running-in Prior to running-in preparation
MS during running-in MS during running-in
MS after completion of the running-in After 30 service hours
Scheduled maintenance:
8-10
shift-time maintenance (STM)
maintenance No. 1 (MS-1) 125
Special maintenance 2000
General maintenance As necessary
Seasonal maintenance (M-SS and M-FW) When transferring to fall-winter opera-
tion (M-FW) and spring-summer opera-
tion (M-SS)
Maintenance under special application conditions When preparing to operation under spe-
cial conditions
Maintenance during storage
During long-time storate
MAINTENANCE WHEN PREPARING THE TRACTOR FOR OPERATION
Maintenance during the tractor essary, clean the terminals from ox-
preparation for running-in ides and grease them with technical
petroleum, clean the vents and check
• clean the tractor from dust and dirt, the charge;
remove preservative grease (if any);
• check and adjust as necessary ten-
• check oil level and add as necessary: sion of the fan belt; the tractor control
engine crankcase; air cleaner tray; units; air pressure in the tires; and the
tank of the hydraulic mounted sys- toe-in of the front wheels;
tem; power train housing; steering
• check and tighten, if necessary, outer
booster housing; FDA and intermedi-
threaded joints;
ate support housings;
• fill the radiator with coolant;
• Lubricate steering knuckle bearings;
pinion of the right angle brace; bush- • listen to the engine operation and
ings of the rear attachment mecha- check readings of the instruments for
nism; conformance to prescribed norms.
• check the storage battery and, if nec-
75
Maintenance during the running-in:
• check the level of and add as neces- • clean the centrifugal oil filter;
sary oil into the engine crankcase and • replace the filtering element of the hy-
coolant into the radiator; draulic system;
• monitor clogging of the air cleaner • flush the screen oil pre-filter of the
against the pilot lamp; engine;
• check serviceability of the engine, • check and tighten as necessary exter-
controls, lighting and signalling sys- nal fastenings of the tractor compo-
tems, and brakes. nents, including the bolts of the engine
cylinder head and the bolts fastening
Maintenance on completion of run- the driveshaft intermediate support
ning-in (after 30 service hours): holder to the transmission housing (for
tractors with FDA), the bolts of power
• inspect and wash the tractor; train housings, rear wheel hubs, pivot-
ing shaft holder and the nuts of the
• listen to operation of the major parts
front and rear wheels;
of the tractor;
• check and adjust clearances between
• check and adjust as necessary ten- the engine valves and rockers;
sion of the fan and alternator belt, free
travel of the clutch and brake pedals; • check coolant level and add it as nec-
essary to the radiator;
• check storage batteries and as neces-
sary clean the battery surfaces, termi- • drain sediment from the fuel coarse fil-
nals, wire lugs and vents in the plugs; ter;
• change oil in the engine crankcase, • check and restore, if necessary, air
air cleaner tray, housings of power tightness of the air cleaner and en-
train, FDA and intermediate support; gine inlet pipelines;
• lubricate the clutch shifter bearing; • check serviceability of the engine, il-
lumination and signalling systems.
76
SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE TABLE
Pos.
Object of maintenance Check Clean Lubricatie Replace Adjust Drain Flush Note
No.
Shift-time maintenance (STM) after each 10 service hours
1 Oil in engine +
2 Coolant +
3 Oil in hydraulic system tank +
3а Steering +
Maintenance No. 1 (MS-1) after each 125 hours of operation
4 Oil in air cleaner tray +
5 Oil level in casings of upper +

bevel pairs of the FDA with
bevel reducing gears
6 Sediment of fuel coarse filter +
and fuel tanks
7 Fan and alternator belt + +
8 Hub and wheel fastening + +

9 Air pressure in tires + +
10 Clutch shifter bearing +
11 Storage batteries + +
12 Oil level in FDA cardan drive in- +
termediate support
13* Play in steering rod joints + +
13*а Steering booster +
14* Clutch pedal free travel + +
Maintenance No. 2 (MS-2) after each 500 service hours

Rotor of engine centrifugal oil fil-
15 +
ter
16 Oil in engine** +
17 Clearances in engine valves + +
18 Steering wheel play + +
19 Brakes (service and parking) + +
• Perform the operation after each 250 service hours.

** When using summer grade diesel fuel with sulfur content of 1%, intervals for crankcase oil change are re-
duced by half.
77
End of Table
No. Object of maintenance Check Clean Lubricatie Replace Adjust Drain Flush Note
20 Front wheels (toe-in) + +

21 Engine air cleaner +
22 Hydraulic system filter* +
23 Alternator +
24 Deposit of fuel fine filter +
25 Transmission oil +
26 Oil in the FDA housings +
27 Maintenance of steering drive + +
Flushing steering booster drain

28 +
filter
Lubricating front axle steering

29 +
knuckles
Maintenance No. 3 (MS-3) after each 1000 service hours
30 Bolts fastening cylinder head + +
31 Fuel coarse filter +
Filtering element of fuel fine fil-

32 +
ter
33 Alternator +
34 Steering rod joints** + + +
35 Angle brace of mounted attach- +
ment mechanism
Shaft bushings of mounted at-
36 +
tachment mechanism
37 External boltings of tractor +
38 Oil in hydraulic system tank +

39 Transmission oil +
Oil in FDA housings and in-
40 +
termediate support
41 Engine oil pre-filter + +
42 Engine breather +
43 Adjustment of steering booster +
*) First change after 500 hours, subsequent changes after 1,000 service hourse as well as during seasonal mainte-
nance.
**) After each 250 service hours.
78
End of Table
Lubri-
No. Object of maintenance Check Clean Replace Adjust Drain Flush Note
catie
Maintenance after each 2,000 service hours
44 Engine injectors + +
Fuel pump. Injection lead
45 + +
angle
Fuel pump. Adjustment at
46 + +
test bench
47 Engine cooling system + +
General maintenance
48 Valve of centrifugal oil filter +
Seasonal maintenance
79
Shift-time maintenance (STM) af-

ter each 10 service hours or daily
Operation 1. Oil level in engine crank-

case.
Stop the engine, wait for 15 minutes and
check the oil level. The oil level must be
between the upper and lower marks of the
dipstick (3). If necessary, remove the cover
(2) of oil filler neck (1) and add oil to the
upper mark of the dipstick (3)
IMPORTANT! Do not operate the engine

with oil below the lower mark of the oil
dipstick.
IMPORTANT! Do not fill up oil above

the upper dipstick mark. Excessive oil
will burn, giving the fail impression of high
oil consumption for burning.
Operation 2. Coolant level in engine

radiator.
Remove the radiator cap away and check
the cooling fluid level, which shall be below
the upper edge of the filler neck (1) by 50-
60 mm. If necessary, add coolant to the
level.
IMPORTANT! Do not allow the level to

drop below 100 mm from the filler neck
upper edge.
WARNING! The engine cooling system

operates under pressure maintained by
the valve in the radiator cap. It is dan-
gerous to remove the cap from a hot
engine. Let the engine cool down, put
thick cloth on the cap and turn it slowly
to reduce the pressure before removing
the plug fully. Beware of burns caused
by hot liquid!
80
Operation 3. Checking the oil level in the

hydraulic system tank
NOTE: Prior to checking the oil level,

place the tractor on an even horizontal
surface. Stop the engine and engage
the parking brake.
Check the oil level by the oil dipstick (1)

on the left side of the hydraulic system
tank. The level shall be between the
marks “О” and “П” (Full). If necessary,
add oil to the mark “П±5мм” removing
the threaded plug (2).
NOTE: When using machines requir-

ing high amount of oil taking, add oil to
the level corresponding to the upper
mark “С”. When doing this, the hydrau-
lic cylinders must be with plungers re-
tracted.
Operation 3a. Steering
Check serviceability of the steering. In-

spect, listen to, check on run.
81
Maintenance No. 1 (MS-1) after each

125 service hours
Perform the previous actions plus as fol-

lows:
Operation 4. Oil level and condition in

engine air cleaner tray
Loosen the two nuts (1) and remove the
tray (2) of the air cleaner (3). Check the oil
level in the tray, which shall be at the level
of the ring collar “A”.
Add oil, if necessary. If oil is contaminated
with dirt or in oil, change oil.
ATTENTION! Do not overfill the tray

with oil above the ring collar “A”, since
it can result in oil ingress into the en-
gine combustion chambers and devel-
opment of false impression about in-
creased oil consumption for burning.
Operation 5. Oil level in housings of

upper bevel pairs of FDA with bevel
reducing gears
Check that the oil level coincides with the

lower edge of the oil-filling hole (1). If
necessary, add oil.
82
Operation 6. Draining sediment from

fuel tanks and fuel coarse filter
Open the drain plugs (1) of the fuel tanks
(2) and the drain plug (3) of the filter and
drain sediment until clean fuel appears.
Drain sediment into a special container
and dispose of it properly.
Close the drain valves after appearance of
clean fuel without water and dirt.
Operation 7. Checking tension of fan
belt of engine cooling system
Check the belt for traces of wear or dam-
age. If necessary, replace it.
To check tension of the belt of the engine
alternator with an elongated shield, apply
a force of 40 N approx. to the middle pint
of the belt section “alternator pulley to wa-
ter pump pulley” (1). The deflection must
be 6 to 10 mm. If necessary, adjust the
belt tension by rotating the alternator body,
having loosened the lath fixing bolt and the
alternator fixing nuts, and then tighten
them.
NOTE: When fitting a normal alternator
shield, check the belt tension on the section
“alternator pulley – crankshaft pulley”. The
belt deflection shall be within the range
15…20 mm under a force of 40 N approx.
applied to the middle of the section.
Operation 8. Rear wheel hubs

• Check tightening and, if necessary,
tighten the bolts (1) fastening the real
wheel hubs (four bolts on each hub)
with a torque spanner. The tightening
torque must be 300 to 400 N•m (30 to
40 kgf•m).
• Check and adjust as necessary the
nuts of:
• front wheels to a torque of 200 to 250
N•m
• rear wheels to a torque of 300 to 350
N•m
• fastening of the disks to the rims to a
torque of 180 to 240 N•m.
83
Operation 9. Air pressure in tires

Check the tread condition and air pressure in the tires. If necessary, adjust the pressure ac-
cording to the recommendations given in this Manual.
Operation 10. Lubricating clutch

shifter bearing
Remove the plug (1) from the left side of
the clutch housing.
Insert the injector of the lever-plunger
pressure gun into the opening and make
4 to 6 injections of Litol-24 grease
through the oil feeder screwed into the
shifter body to lubricate the release
bearing.
NOTE: Do not inject excess grease,
since it will be accumulated inside the
clutch housing and can get on the fric-
tion surfaces of the driven disk friction
facings.
Operation 11. Storage batteries

WARNING: Batteries contain sulfuric ac-
id that causes severe burns when getting
onto open parts of the body. Beware of
the acid getting onto the skin, into eyes
and onto clothes. When the acid gets on-
to external body parts, wash them with
plenty of pure water. In case of ingestion,
drink plenty of water or milk.
of flame getting into electrolyte zone;

this can result in explosion. Charge
the batteries in a ventilated room.
In case of contact with the mucous When servicing the batteries, wear
membrane of an eye, wash it with plenty protective goggles and gloves.
of water for 15 minutes and then call for Keep the batteries dry and clean.
medical assistance. Do not allow spark Make sure that the batteries are fixed re-
84
liably. Before you remove the plugs, clean electrolyte density in each cell jar. If
the adjacent surfaces. necessary, add distilled water.
Check the electrolyte level. It must be Check that terminals (2) under the
above the protective mesh by 12 to 15 jackets (A) and plugs (1) are clean. If
mm (or between the level marks on the necessary lubricate the terminals (2)
battery transparent body). with technical petrolatum.
Prior to adding distilled water, check the
Operation 12. Checking oil level in in-

termediate support of FDA cardan
drive
Check the oil level in the intermediate
support. If necessary, add oil to the level
of the lower edge of the filler opening
closed with plug (1).
85
Operation 13*. Checking backlashes

in steering rod joints
After each 250 service hours, check the

joints by shaking them by hand or rotat-
ing the steering wheel.
To adjust a steering rod joint, procede
as follows:
a) remove the safety wire (3) from the tip
(3);
b) tighten the plug (1) with a wrench to
eliminate a clearance in the rotary
joint;
c) lock the plug with safety wire.
NOTE: If backlashes in in the joints can-

not be eliminated by tightening the
threaded plugs, disassemble the joint
and replace worn-out parts.
Operation 13а*. Check oil level in

steering booster housing
Remove the plug 2 and take the dipstick

1 from the steering booster housing. Oil
must be at the level of the upper mark on
the dipstik 1.
In case of low oil level, add oil to the
mark.
___________________________________
* Perform MS after each 250 service hours.
86
Operation 14*. Adjusting free travel of

clutch pedal
IMPORTANT! A too long pedal travel

will not allow to the clutch to be fully dis-
engaged and will make the gear switch-
ing difficult. Absence of a free pedal trav-
el will cause slipping of clutch disks,
quick wear of friction facings and over-
heating of the clutch parts.
To adjust free clutch pedal travel:

• Unsplint and remove the pin (2), hav-
ing disconnected the rod (5) from the
lever (1).
• Loosen the locknut (4).
• Unscrew the bolt (8) so that the pedal
rod (6) would move upwards to the
stop against the cab floor.
• Turn the lever (1) counterclockwise to
the stop, i.e. when the release bearing
touches pressing arms.
• By unscrewing the fork (3), align the
openings in the fork with those in the
lever (1), and then screw the fork into
the rod (5) by 5 to 5.5 turns (i.e. make
the rod shorter). Link the fork (3) with
the lever (1) with the pin (2).
• Assemble the leverage of the clutch
pedal in reverse order.
IMPORTANT! Make sure that the clutch

pedal returns reliably to the stop against
the floor at the distance of free pedal
travel. Otherwise, adjust the servo-unit
springs (7) by means of the bolt (8) or
reposition the holder (9) by turning it rel-
atively to the fastening bolt axis.
___________________________________
87
Maintenance No. 2 (MS-2) after

each 500 service hours
Perform the previous MS actions plus as
follows:
Operation 15. Centrifugal oil filter of
engine
• Unscrew the nut (1) and remove the
cap (2).
• Insert the screwdriver (5) or a rod be-
tween the filter body and the rotor bot-
tom to lock the rotor (3) against rota-
tion and remove the rotor barrel (3) by
turning the rotor nut with spanner (4).
• Remove the cover (6), impeller (7)
and filtering grid (8) of the rotor. If
necessary, clean and flush the grid.
• Remove deposits from the inner walls
of the rotor barrel using a non-
metallic scraper.
• Clean all the parts in a detergent solu-
tion and blow with compressed air.
• Reassemble the filter by performing
the same operations in the reverse or-
der. Prior to assembling the barrel with
the rotor casing, lubricate the seal ring
with motor oil.
• Align the balancing marks of the bar-
rel with those on the rotor casing.
Tighten the barrel-fastening nut with
a slight force until the barrel is fully
set on the rotor.
• The rotor must rotate freely, without
jamming.
• Install the cap (2) to place and
tighten nut (1) to a 35 to 50 N•m
(3.5 to 5.0 kgf•m) torque.
NOTE: After stopping the engine, the
noise of a turning rotor must be head
for 30-60 s. This indicates that the fil-
ter operates properly.
88
Operation 16. Changing oil in engine
• Warm up the diesel engine to the

normal operating temperature (70°C
min.).
• Place the tractor on an even surface,
stop the engine and engage the park-
ing brake.
• Remove the cap (2) of the oil filler neck
and unscrew the drain plug (4).
ATTENTION! Be careful to avoid con-

tact with hot oil.
Drain oil into a container for waste oil

storage.
• Place the drain plug (4) to place and fill
in fresh motor oil through the oil filler
neck (1) (M-8ДM, M-8Г2, M-8Г2K during
winter and M-10ДM, M-10Г2, M-10Г2K
during summer to the upper mark of the
dipstick (3).
• Install the filler neck cap (2) to place.
• Start the engine and let it run for 1-2
minutes.
• After 10 minutes from the moment of
stopping the engine, check oil level
with the dipstick.
• If necessary, add oil.
89
Operation 17. Checking clearances be-

tween valves and rockers
NOTE: Check the clearances on a cold engine, first checking tightening of the cylinder
head bolts.
To perform the adjustment, proceed as
follows:
• remove the cylinder head cover cap
and check the fastening of the rocker
axle rests. The nut tightening torque
must be 60 to 90 N•m (6 to 9 kgf•m);
• crank the engine crankshaft until the
moment of closing of the valves of the
1st cylinder (the intake valve starts
opening, the exhaust valve finishes
closing) and adjust clearances in the
4th, 6th, 7th and 8th valves (counting
from the fan);
• to adjust the clearance, loosen the
locknut (1) of the screw (2), insert
the feeler (5) between the face of
valve rod (3) and the rocker head
(4) and set the required clearance
against the feeler by turning in or • turn the crankshaft through 360°, set
out the screw (2). the valve closing at the 4th cylinder
and adjust clearances in 1st, 2nd, 3rd
The clearances between the rocker and 5th valves as shown above;
head and the valve rod face on a cold • after adjustment of the clearances,
engine for intake and exhaust valves are tighten the locknuts (1) and refit the
specified in the table below: removed parts.
Belarus 510/512
Intake valves Exhaust valves
0,20.. .0,35 0,20.. .0,35
90
Operation 18. Steering wheel play

When the engine is running, the
steering wheel play must not exceed
25°. If no so, check and eliminate plays
in the joints of the hydraulic cylinders and
the steering rod.
Operation 19. Adjusting service and

parking brakes. Adjustment of the
brake valve and pneumatic system
pressure regulator
To adjust the brake control, proceed as
follows;
a) unscrew the locknuts (3) of the ad-
justing bolts (2);
b) screw the bolts (2) into the adjust-
ment forks or unscrew then so that
the full brake right pedal travel would
be 105 to 115 mm under a force of
120 to 130 N. The travel of the left
brake pedal must be less by 5 to 20
mm to provide a simultaneous brake
actuation in interlocked condition. Re-
duction of brake pedal travel below
the values specified below is not al-
lowed as it results in premature wear
of brake linings and brake overheat-
ing;
c) tighten the locknuts (3). Interlock the
pedals with the lock strip (1) and check
simultaneous action of the right and left
brakes in motion (1 m max. by the foot-
print). Ingress of lubricant into the brake
causes the disk oiling and reduces the
friction between their working surfaces,
brakes do not act. In such a case, disas-
semble the brake, eliminate the oil leak-
age, wash the oiled disks with gasoline
and let them dry for 5 to 8 minutes. After
assembly, adjust the brake control.
91
To adjust the parking brake, install the

tractor on an even surface, stop the en-
gine, wedge the rear wheels from the
front and behind, and proceed as follows:
a) shift the parking brake control lever

(1) to the front position (from your-
self);
b) loosen the tightening of adjusting
bolt locknut (1) (see the lower figure
below), as well as the locknut (7)
and remove the pin (5);
c) turn the arm (4) and align the upper
edge of the slot “B 1” of the arm (2)
with the upper edge of the slot “B2 ”
of the arm (3) of the right brake pe-
dal and then align the openings of
the arm (4) with those of the fork (6)
by rotating the fork (6) and then in-
sert the pin (5);
d) screw the bolt (1) in or out so that
when moving the control lever to-
wards yourself with the force of
200 +10 N, the latch would be re-
tained in the dent between the third
and the forth teeth of sector “A”,
and the tractor would be held on
18% slope. After adjustment, tighten
the loosened locknuts.
Operation 20*. Front wheel toe-in.
The front wheel toe-in must be 0 to 8

mm. If necessary, perform the adjusting
operations according to the recommenda-
tions given in the section “Adjustments”.
___________________________________
92
Operation 21. Checking air-tightness

of air cleaner and inlet duct joints
• Remove the monocyclone (1) and

clean its inner surface.
• Loosen the clamps (2), remove the
bolt (4), release the clamp (3) and
remove the air cleaner (5).
• Disassemble the air cleaner, having
loosened the nuts (7) and removed the
tray (6).
• Clean the inner tray cavity and fill in
fresh motor oil.
• Extract three filtering elements, rinse
them in diesel fuel and blow with
compressed air. Clean the central
pipe. Reassemble the air cleaner
and install it onto the engine.
• Check air-tightness of all joints and, if
necessary, tighten them up. An engine
operating at a medium crankshaft
speed (1000 rpm) must stop when
shutting off the air intake pipe.
93
Operation 22. Flushing hydraulic sys-

tem oil filter
NOTE: Subsequent flushings of the

hydrualic system oil filter must be per-
formed after each 1,000 service hours.
• Unscrew the bolts (1) and remove the
cover (2), take out the filter housing
assembly (3).
• To flush the filtering elements (4),
take them out of the housing (3) by
removing the wire (5).
• Flush the elements in detergent solu-
tion and after flushing perform the op-
erations in the reverse order.
• Install the filter assembly into the hy-
draulic system tank, close it with the
cover (2) and screw the bolts (1).
Operation 23. Cleaning alternator

Clean the alternator from dust and dirt.
Check and tighten, if necessary, the alter-
nator fastening bolts (1). Check the condi-
tion and firmness of the alternator
clamped connections (2).
94
Operation 24. Draining sediment from

fuel fine filter
Drain sediment after each 250 service

hours of the engine.
Remove the plug 1 in the lower part of the
fuel fine filter by 2 to 3 turns as per the
figure and drain sediment until clean fuel
free of water and dirt appears. Tighten the
plug.
Operation 25. Oil level in transmis-

sion
Check oil level by using the oil dipstick (1)

on the left side of the gearbox. The normal
working oil level must be between the up-
per and lower marks on the dipstick.
If you have to correct oil level, remove

the plug (3) on the upper cover of the
gearbox and add oil to the level.
95
Operation 26. Oil level in FDA housing.
FDA with bevel reducing gears
Check the oil level in the:

1. wheel reducing gears (lower bevel
pairs);
2. main gear (front differential) hous-
ing;
3. cardan drive intermediate support;
4. upper bevel pair housings.
The oil level must be up to the lower

edges of threaded check holes (1).
If necessary, add oil to the level through
the check holes.
Operation 27. Maintenance of steering

drive
Maintenance of the steering drive con-

sists of periodical checks of tightening of
the threaded connections.
To ensure minimum vibration of the
steering wheel, adjust the steering col-
umn as follows:
• remove the cover (5);
• unscrew the screw 4 and remove
the steering wheel 6;
• loosen the locknut 3.
• screw in the nut 2 until it touches
the bushing 1 so that clearances in
connections be chosen;
• unscrew the nut 2 by 1.5 turns
and lock it with the locknut 3;
• install the steering wheel 6 adjusting
its height and screw in the clamp 4.
96
Operation 28. Flushing steering

booster drain filter
To flush the oil filter, proceed as follows:
a) raise the facing;

b) disconnect the oil ducts 7, 13 and
15, unscrew the bolts 5 fastening the
cover 6 to the housing, remove the cov-
er using two unmounting bolts.
c) screw out the relief valve 11 and
remove the drain filter 9;
d) flush the filter in detergent solu-
tion;
e) tighten the nut 8 of the pivoting
shaft;
f) install the filter and perform the
operations in the order reverse to disas-
sembling.
g) at the same time, adjust end play
of the steering shaft, proceeding as fol-
lows:
loosen the locknut 1 and screw in the
adjustment bolt 2 up to stop against the
shaft end, then unscrew it by 1/8 to 1/10
turn and lock with the locknut 1.
Operation 29. Lubricating front axle

steering knuckles (Belarus 510)
With a gun, make 10 to 12 injections of
grease through pressure lubricators
(one lubricator per each knuckle). The
Litol-24 grease must be used.
97
Maintenance No. 3 (MS-3) after

each 1,000 service hours
Perform the previous MS actions plus the
following operations:
Operation 30. Tightening torque of

engine head bolts
NOTE! This operation must be only per-

formed on a warmed up engine.
Remove the rocker cover, cylinder head

cover and rocker axle assembly.
Using a torque spanner, check and tight-
en the cylinder head bolts in the order
shown in the figure on the right. Bolt
tightening torque must be 160 to 180 N•m
(16 to 18 kgf•m).
Operation 31. Engine fuel coarse filter
Wash the fuel coarse filter proceeding as

follows:
• Shut off the fuel tank valve.
• Unscrew the fastening bolts (1) of the
barrel (3) and remove the barrel.
• Unscrew the deflector with the mesh
(2) and remove the diffuser.
• Wash the deflector with the mesh, the
diffuser and filter barrel in diesel fuel.
• Assemble the filter parts in the re-
verse order.
• Fill the system with fuel.
Bleed the system and remove air from
fuel system as shown below (action
40).
98
Operation 32. Replacing filtering ele- 1 - filter ФТО20-1117010; 2 – housing; 3

ment of fuel fine filter — holder; 4 — plug (to drain sediment); 5
— return line pipe; 6 — plug (to bleed
air); 7 — gasket; 8 — adapter.
• Service life of a fuel fine filter de-
pends on purity of fuel applied.
• Replace the filter as per the figure • To bleed air from the system:
proceeding as follows: • To bleed air from the system, unscrew
• - drain fuel from the filter by un- the plug 6 on the bolt fastening the re-
screwing the plug 4 in the lower part turn line pipe by 2 to 3 turns. Purge
of the housing the system with the hand purge pump
3, screwing in the plug when fuel
Do not let the fuel to spill over, drain it without air bubbles emerges.
only to a container. • Unscrew the plug 2 on the fuel pump
housing. Purge the system with the
• - unscrew the filter 1 from the adapt- hand purge pump until fuel without air
er 8 in the housing 2 and install a bubbles emerges, screwing in the
new filter instead of it, which is sup- plug 2 at that.
plied assembled with the gasket 7 • Instead of the FT020-1117010 filter
that must be first lubricated with mo- other sealed fuel filters can be in-
tor oil; stalled with basic specifications and
• - after the gasket 7 touches the in- dimentions as follows:
stallation seat A on the housing 2, • screening capacity 90% min.;
screw in the filter by an additional ¾ • conditional throughput capacity at a
turn. At that, screw in the filter only by pressure difference of 0.01 MPa of
force of the hands; 150 l/h min.;
• - open the fuel tank valve and fill the • diameter 95 to 105 mm;
system with fuel.
• height 140 to 160 mm;
• connection thread M16×1.5;
• gasket outer diameter 70 to 75 mm.
99
Operation 33. Alternator
Remove the driving belt (1) from the

alternator pulley (2).
Check the easy rotation of the alternator
rotor and presence of plays in the bear-
ings.
If there are any plays or jamming of the
rotor, remove the alternator and send it
to the shop for repair.
100
Operation 34. Steering rod joints

gearbox casing — rear axle casing;
rear axle casing — RHL and HDC
When the engine is running, turn the
steering wheel in both direction to check
free travel and plays in the joints (1) of
the steering rod (4).
If there are any plays in the joints, pro-
ceed as follows:
• remove the lock wire (3);
• tighten up the threaded plugs (2);
• lock the plugs with the wire (3).
holders;
NOTE: If plays in in the joints cannot front and rear cab supports, holders
be eliminated by tightening the thread- and pins of the steering hydraulic cyl-
ed plugs, disassemble the joint and
replace worn-out parts.
Operation 35. Lubricating RHL right an-

gle brace bearing
Lubricate the adjustment mechanism of
the right angle brace through the pres-
sure lubricator (one point of greasing)
using a gun. Make 4…6 injections with
the gun. The Litol-24 grease must be
used.
Operation 36. Lubricating bushings of

RHL pivoting shaft
Apply grease using a gun through the
pressure lubricators in the mounted at-
tachment holder until grease appears
from the gaps. The Litol-24 grease must
be used.
Operation 37. Outside bolted connec-

tions
Check and tighten, if necessary, the crit-
ical bolted connections:
• front and rear wheel nuts and rear
wheel hub bolts; inder;
• front beam — semi-frame side mem- rear axle casing — semi-axle
bers; sleeves;
• half-frame side members – clutch FDA casing - sleeves — wheel re-
casing; ducing gears;
• HDC plate fastening;
• diesel engine — clutch casing;
• clutch casing — gearbox casing;
101
nuts of the cardan shaft collars; support — clutch casing;

nuts of the FDA casing wedges; fastening of the holders of the lifting
casing of the cardan drive intermediate HDC and hydraulic lift.
Operation 38. Changing oil in hydraulic sys-

tem
• Prior to changing oil, warm up oil in the hy-
draulic system.
• Place the tractor on an even surface, low-
er and detach the mounted machine.
• Brake the tractor and stop the engine.
• Unscrew the filler cap and the drain plug (1)
from hydraulic system tank and drain oil into
a waste oil container.
ATTENTION! Be careful to avoid contact
with hot oil. Dispose of waste oil properly.
• Install the drain plug (1) to place and fill the
system with fresh oil. Refit the filler cap.
Operation 39. Changing oil in trans-

mission
• Prior to changing oil, warm up the transmis-
sion.
• Install the tractor on an even surface, low-
er the mounted machine and stop the en-
gine.
• Engage the parking brake and lock the
wheels against movement by using wedg-
es.
• Unscrew the plug (2) and drain plugs (1)
from the casings of rear axle and gear-
box, and drain oil into a special waste oil
container. Dispose of waste oil properly.
ATTENTION! Be careful to avoid contact with

hot oil.
• Fill the transmission with fresh oil. Install the
plug (2) to place.
102
drain plugs.
•Fill the casings with fresh transmission oil
Taп-15В, Tсп-15K, Tsp-10, TAД-17и or their
analogues to the level of lower edges of the
filler openings.
Operation 40. Changing oil in

FDA and intermediate sup-
port housings
FDA with bevel reducing

gears
• Prior to changing oil, warm up
oil in the FDA housings.
• Install the tractor on an even To drain oil from upper bevel pair casing:
horizontal surface. Engage - using the gun (3) for liquid lubricant, pump
the parking brake and wedge out some oil through the filler opening (4);
the rear wheel from the front - unscrew the bolts (2), remove the cover (1)
and behind. and drain the remaining oil;
• Unscrew the check filler caps - install the cover (1) and bolts (2) to
(1) and drain plugs (2, 3, 4) place;
from the casings of wheel re- -fill the spaces of upper bevel pairs up to
ducing gears, main gear and the lower edges of the opening (4) using a
intermediate support, respec- gun for liquid lubricant.
tively. Drain oil into a special - install and tighten up all the check/fill plugs.
container.
ATTENTION! Be careful to
avoid contact with hot oil. Dis-
pose of waste oil properly.
• Install and tighten up the
103
Operation 41. Engine oil pre-filter
• Loosen four clamps of connector

sleeves and remove the filter from the
oil line located in front of the engine oil
radiator.
IMPORTANT! Note the filter orientation

in the oil line. Arbitrary installation of
the filter is not allowed.
Wash the filter in diesel fuel and blow

it with compressed air in the direction
of the arrow on the filter body.
Install the filter to place, paying atten-
tion to its correct orientation in the oil
line.
Tighten the sleeve clamps.
Operation 42. Washing the engine breather
• Unscrew the bolts (1) and remove the breather

casing (2).
• Remove the breather from the casing, wash it
in diesel fuel and blow it with compressed air.
Pour some motor oil into the breather filter and
letting the oil to flow down, fit it back.
Operation 43. Adjustment of steering booster
In the steering booster, the following items are

adjusted: warm to sector mesh, sector to rack
mesh, tightening of worm nut, pivoting shaft axial
stroke, safety valve, as well as differential lock
valve.
1 – spherical nut; 2 — washer; 3 — slider;

4 – mounting washers; 5 — bolts.
104
To adjust the warm to sector mesh, kgf•m (20 N•m), unscrew it by 1/12 to 1/10
loosen the bolt 5, introduce a wrench to the turn to align the hole in the worm with the
flange groove, turn the bushing clockwise cut for the nut splint and splint the nut.
(to tractor motion direction) up to stop at Unscrew the two bolts fastening the distrib-
the middle position of the pitman arm 18, utor slide valve to the housing, install the
then turn counterclockwise by 10 to 12 mm cover and secure the distributor slide valve.
as per the outer flange diameter. Tighten To adjust the axial stroke of the pivot-
up the bolt 5, start the engine and make ing shaft 21, loosen the locknut 12, screw
sure that the steering wheel rotates in the in the adjustment bolt 10 up to stop
both directions up to stop without jam- against the shaft end, then unscrew it by
ming. 1/8 to 1/10 turn and lock with the locknut.
If necessary, increase the clearance in To adjust the safety valve, connect a
the mesh by turning the bushing counter- pressure gauge with a scale to 100 kgf/cm²
clockwise to eliminate jamming. (10 MPa) min. to the discharge manifold or
To adjust the sector to rack mesh, re- to the valve cover instead of the plug 1.
duce the thickness of the adjustment shim Turn the steering wheel to stop, engage the
pack 24 under the flange of the stop 24 to engine maximum speed and rotate the ad-
obtain a clearance of 0.1 to 0.3 mm be- justment screw 3 of the relief valve until the
tween the stop and the rack. When check- pressure gauge reading is 88 kgf/cm² (8.8
ing the clearance, press the rack against MPa). After adjusting the valve, lock the
the sector. cap with wire. Make adjustment at an oil
The worm spherical nut 30 ensures temperature of 50±5°C.
tightening of the thrust bearings 28. Cor- Check the steering wheel free travel
rect tightening of thrust bearings is a cru- with the engine running while the tractor
cial condition of normal operation of the is stopped. The free travel must be 20°C
steering booster. A too tightened nut can max. in such a case. In case of a too long
cause a skewness of the distributor slide free travel check plays in the steering
valve and uneven force of turning. Before drive joints, tighten up the nuts fastening
tightening the nut, fasten the distributor the pitman arm, sector and pivot rods, ad-
slide valve with two bolts, first putting just the steering rod joints, check tighten-
washers under the bolt heads up to the ing of the worm, worm to sector mesh,
thickness of the cover flange (Fig. 117). sector to rack mesh and axial stroke of
Tighten the worm nut to a torque of 2 the steering booster pivoting shaft.
105
Special maintenance
After each 2,000 service hours.

Operation 44. Checking engine injec-
tors
IMPORTANT! The injectors must be

cleaned and adjusted in a dealer’s spe-
cialized workshop.
WARNING: Diesel fuel is injected under

high pressure and can result in serious
injuries, if the injector atomization is
checked by hand. Use a piece of paper
or cardboard for this purpose. Wear
protective goggles. Prior to connection
or disconnection of fuel lines, stop the
engine to take pressure down. Prior to
starting the engine, tighten all connec-
tions of fuel lines. In case of fuel injec-
tion on the hand skin, immediately ap-
ply for medical aid, otherwise blood
poisoning is possible.
• Remove the fuel piping.
NOTE: It is convenient to have a spare • Unscrew the four bolts (1) of the
set of injectors verified and adjusted drain line and take the rundown fuel
for quick installation into the engine. piping (2) away. Discard copper
sealing washers (two washers per
Take the injectors out and replace them each banjo bolt).
proceeding as follows. • Unscrew the bolts (6) fastening the in-
• Prior to disconnection or loosening jectors and remove the injectors (3).
of any fuel system parts, thoroughly • Send the injectors for servicing to
clean the adjacent working surfaces. dealers workshop.
• Unscrew the nuts (4) and disconnect • Install the verified, cleaned and ad-
the high-pressure fuel piping (5) from justed injectors by performing the
the injectors (3) and fuel pump. above specified step in the reverse
order.
• Remove air from the system.
IMPORTANT! During each injector in-

stallation, use new copper washers.
106
Operation 45. Fuel pump injection

advance angle • check the cleanness of the radiator
Setup advance angle of the fuel pump in- core. If necessary, wash the radiator
jection must be 19° to 21° to UDC (Д-243 and blow the core with compressed
engine and its modifications). air (blowing direction from the engine
The fuel injection advance angle is side).
checked and adjusted in a specialized
dealer shop. ATTENTION! Radiator clogging, insuf-
ficient fan belt tension and impurities
inside the cooling system can lead to
diesel engine overheating and its fail-
ure.
IMPORTANT! Adjustment of the fuel
equipment by the tractor operator
(owner) is the ground for rendering the
manufacturer’s warranties void.
Operation 46. Adjusting the fuel pump on
the bench
Adjusting the fuel pump shall be per-
formed made by the dealer in a special-
ized shop using special equipment.
Operation 47. Flushing the engine cooling
system
To flush the system, use a solution of 50 to 60 g of soda ash per 1 l of water.
To flush the system, proceed as follows:
• pour 2 l of kerosene into the radiator
and fill the system with the prepared
solution;
• start the engine and operate the tractor
for 8-10 hours; then drain the solution
and flush the cooling system with clear
water;
107
General maintenance
Operation 48. Adjusting drain valve
of centrifugal oil filter of engine
If during the engine operation within the
rated mode at normal temperature (80 to
100°C), the oil pressure has dropped be-
low 0.1 MPa, stop the engine and cor-
rect the fault.
One of the ways to increase pressure is
readjustment of the centrifuge drain
valve. To do this, remove the thread plug
(not shown) and readjust oil pressure by
screwing the adjustment screw (1) with a
screw-driver into the body. If this method
does not eliminate the defect, contact
the dealer.
Seasonal maintenance
Combine the seasonal maintenance with the action under regularly scheduled mainte-
nance
Work content
When transferring to the fall and winter period (at When transferring to the spring and summer period
constant mean daily temperature below +5°C) (at constant mean daily temperature above +5°C)
Replace the summer oil brands with winter ones Replace the winter oil brands with the summer
(see lubrication table): ones:
in the engine crankcase;
in the casings of the hydraulic units; in the engine crankcase;
in the transmission casing; in the casings of the hydraulic units;
in the FDA casing; in the transmission casing;
in the steering booster casing; in the FDA casing;
in the FDA final drive reducing gear casings; in the FDA final drive reducing gear casings;
in the FDA drive intermediate support in the FDA drive intermediate support
Replace grease in front wheel hubs in the steering booster casing
Change lubricant in the steering rod joints
Fill engine cooling system with a fluid not freezing
at low temperatures, having pre-liminary flushed
the cooling system
Remove the driveshafts and check tightness of the
flange seating axially on the distribution box shafts,
intermediate support and main gear driving pinion
(of the tractors with the FDA). Eliminate axial plays
by tightening the nuts.
108
Tractor maintenance under special the engine crankcase, rear axle and FDA
operation conditions as well as fastening of driving wheels.
Check the air-tightness of engine cooling
When operating the tractor under special system radiator plug.
conditions (low temperatures, in the de-
sert, on sand, swampy and rocky soils), under mountainous operating condi-
customary regularity and volume of tions, adjust the fuel pump to reduce
maintenance are preserved. its output capacity to avoid disturb-
Besides, below listed works are intro- ance of the engine working process
duced additionally or carried out more of- within the following limits:
ten. • at 1,500 to 2,000 m above sea level,
reduce output capacity by 10%;
When operating the tractor in the de- • at 2,000 to 2,500 m - by 15%;
sert, on sand soils, at higher tempera- • at 2,500 to 3,000 m - by 20 %;
tures and air dustiness conditions. • operation at more than 3,000 m is
not recommended.
Fill the engine with oil and fuel by closed
method. After each three shifts, change Maintenance of the tractor when pre-
oil in the air cleaner tray. paring it for storage, during storage
When performing MS-1, check: and returning to operation
• oil in the engine; no mechanical impuri-
ties in oil are allowed. Change, if neces- The tractor is maintained under stated
sary; conditions according to regulations stipu-
• central air cleaner pipe (the pipe shall be lated in Chapter “Tractor Storage”
clean). Wash and service the air cleaner
after each 20 hours;
• flush the water radiator core with water
jet or blow with air. The radiator shall be
clean; there shall be no oil traces on its
surface. When performing MS-2,
wash fuel tank plug.
When operating the tractor at low

temperatures, perform the pre-start
heating of the engine to 20-30°C. At
the end of the shift fully refuel the tanks)
at the temperatures of minus 30°C use
arctic fuel) and drain condensate from the
bottle. Fill the cooling system with anti-
freeze.
When operating the tractor on rocky

soil, as well as under mountainous
conditions.
Every shift inspect the running gear and
other components of the tractor for dam-
ages, as well as check tightening of plug of
109
LUBRICATION TABLE
Units and points of lubri- Standard, name, brand and description of lubricating materials and liquids Amount of
cation Lubricant at operation temperature Refill at opera- Greasing at lubricating
From −40°C to From +5°C to +50°C tion, l storing (up to points
+5°C 6 months)
Crankcase Motor oil
Standard 12.0 12.0
M-8ДM M-10ДM 1
Power steering casing Backup
M-8Г2K, M-8Г2 M-10Г2K, M-10Г2 6 6
Air cleaner tray Pre-settled and filtered waste motor oil 1.5 1.5 1
Standard
Transmission oil TСп-15K
Power train casing TАп-15В*; 40 40 1
(transmission) TСп-15K; TСп-
10
Backup
Transmission oil Transmission oil
TAД-17и TAД-17и
Standard
Upper bevel pair casings TАп-15В TСп-15K 0.25 0.25 2
of FDA reducing gears
FDA drive intermediate TАп-15В TСп-15K 0.15 0.15 1
support
Backup
Transmission oil Transmission oil
TAД-17и TAД-17и
FDA final drive reducing -//- -//- 1.8 1.8 2
gear casings
FDA casing Ditto Ditto 1.6 1.6 1
Upper bevel pair casings -//- -//- 0.25 0.25 2
of FDA reducing gears
FDA drive intermediate -//- -//- 0.15 0.15 1
support
Driving pulley -//- -//- 0.50 0.50 1
* At temperatures of −15°C to −20°C, dilute 30% of the refilling volume with spindle oil AU as per
State Standard ГОСТ 1642-75 or machinery oil I-12A as per State Standard ГОСТ 20799-75. At
temperatures below −55°C, dilute up to 15% of the refilling volume with winter diesel fuel.
110
Units and points of lubri- Standard, name, brand and description of lubricating materials and liquids
Amount
of lubri-
points
cating
cation Lubricant at operation temperature Refill at opera- Greasing at
From −40°C to From +5°C to +50°C tion, l storing (up to
+5°C 6 months)
Oil tank of hydraulic sys- Hydraulic oil Bechem Staroil 32 HLP TУ 17.5 -//- 1
tem РБ 903.201.042-05
ADDINOL Hydraulikol HLP - 32 TУ РБ
903.201.044-05
TНК Hydraulic HLP - 32 ТУ 236.915.052-
08
Clutch shifter bearing Standard grease Litol-24 4-6 injections -//- 1
Backup grease Bechem with gun (0.02)
LCP-GM multi-purpose grease
Adjustable angle brace -//- 0.005 1
pinion
Rotary shaft sleeves of Ditto Until grease ap- -//- 2
rear mounted attachment pears from the
gaps (0.01)
Refill capacities, l
Engine cooling system 20

Engine lubrication system 13.3
Transmission casings 40
Casing of FDA with bevel reducing gears 1.6
Casing of reducing gear with bevel transmission (each) 1.8
Hydraulic system oil tank 17.5
Fuel tank 127
Casing of FDA cardan drive intermediate support 0.15
Steering booster casing 6.0
111
Adjustment values of 4УТНИ and 4УТНИ-T fuel pumps for bench tests
Table 1
Parameter name Unit 4УТНИ
Д-244
Geometric start of injection mm 3,3±0,1
Angle of fuel injection start by menisci of other sections relative to the deg.
1st
3 90±30´
4 180±30´
2 270±30´
Rated speed of pump camshaft rpm 850±5
Fuel delivery per stroke at rated speed mm³ per 72±1,4
stroke
Speed at governor action start rpm 865-880
Unevenness of fuel delivery amond sections at rated speed, max. % 6
Speed corresponding to engine idle running rpm 900

Delivery per stroke at maximum idle speed, max. mm³ per 22,5
stroke
Unevenness of fuel delivery per stroke between sections at maximum % 35
idle speed, max.
Speed corresponding to of maximum torque rpm 700…750
Fuel delivery per stoke at peed corresponding to of maximum torque mm³ per 82±2
stroke
Speed corresponding to full automatic disengagement of fuel delivery rpm 990
through injectors, max.
Fuel delivery per stoke at pump camshaft speed of 40 to 50 rpm, min. mm³ per 140
stroke
Pressure in fuel pump head at rated camshaft speed MPa 0,07-0,12
(kgf/cm²) (0,7-1,2)
112
Section H.В Troubleshooting Belarus – 510/512 Operating manual
Section H. TROUBLESHOOTING
Table H-1
TROUBLE, EXTERNAL MANIFESTATION REMEDY
ENGINE
Engine does not start
Air in the fuel system. Pump the system with manual priming pump. If
necessary, eliminate air inflow.
Faulty fuel pump. Remove the fuel pump from the engine and send it
Engine fails to develop full power
There is no full fuel feed due to misalignment of Adjust control rods.
fuel pump control rods.
Filtering element of fuel fine filter is clogged. Replace filtering element.
Faulty injectors. Locate the faulty injectors, wash and adjust

them.
Wrong fuel injection advance angle. Set the recommended injection advance angle.
Engine air cleaner clogged. Perform MS for air cleaner.

Engine runs unstably at idle speed
Ingress of air into the fuel system. Remove air from fuel system.
Idling springing the fuel pump is not adjusted. Adjust idling spring (for engines with fuel pump
4UTNM or 4UTNI).
Fuel pump failure. Remove the fuel pump from the engine and send it
The engine fumes at all the operation modes
A. Black fume is emitted from the exhaust pipe

Engine air cleaner clogged. Perform maintenance service for air cleaner.
Detect the faulty injector, wash or replace the at-

Injector atomizer needle sticking. omizer, if necessary adjust the injector.
Poor quality of fuel. Replace fuel with the recommended one.

Fuel pump failure. Remove the fuel pump from the engine and send it
B. White fume is emitted from the exhaust pipe
Engine not warmed up. Warm up the engine; maintain the coolant temperature
at 75 to 95°C during operation.
Clearances between the valves and the rockers not ad- Adjust clearances.
justed.
Water in fuel. Change fuel.
Fuel injection advance angle setting is disturbed. Set the recommended fuel injection advance angle.
113
Table H-1, continued

C. Blue fume is emitted from the exhaust pipe
Ingress of oil into the combustion chamber as a re- Replace the worn-out parts of the cup-piston group.
sult of wear of cup-piston group components
Excess of oil in the diesel engine crankcase. Drain the excessive oil, having set the level against
the upper mark of oil-measuring rod.
Engine overheating
Coolant boiling in radiator. Clean the radiator from dirt and dust, if necessary,
clean cooling system from scale; adjust the fan belt
tension.
Poor fuel atomization by the injectors. Locate the faulty injectors, wash, clean and adjust
them.
Engine suddenly stops
No fuel delivery. Check fuel in the fuel tank, check condition of fuel
lines, filter and booster pump.
Oil pressure in warmed-up engine below allowable level
Pressure sensor or indicator failure. Replace.
Engine lubrication system pump is faulty. Eliminate the failure or replace the pump.
Oil level in the crankcase is below the allowable Add oil to the upper mark of the oil dipstick.
level.
Sticking of the drain valve of centrifugal oil filter. Rinse the valve and adjust the pressure.
Maximum wear of crankshaft journal to bearings

junction. Send the engine for repair.
POWER GEAR
CLUTCH
Clutch does not transfer full torque
No pedal free travel. Adjust pedal free travel.
Driven plate linings are worn out. Replace the linings of the driven plate as an as-
sembly.
Oil on driven plate linings. Eliminate causes of oil ingress to dry compart-
ment of clutch, if necessary, replace friction lin-
ings or plate assemblies.
Clutch cannot be fully disengaged
Too large pedal free travel. Adjust pedal free travel.
Misadjusted position of release levers. Adjust position of release levers as per this Manual.
Oil in dry compartment of clutch housing
Worn cup sealing crankshaft. Replace cup.
Worn sealings of clutch housing. Replace sealings.
REAR AXLE FINAL DRIVE

High noise in bevel gear and pinion
Misadjustment of mesh of the final drive pinion Adjust mesh of pinions and clearance in bearings.
teeth with differential bearings.
114
BRAKES
Inefficient brakes (brakes do not hold)
Misadjusted brake control. Adjust brake control.
Brake disk linings are oiled or worn out. Eliminate oil leak. If necessary, replace disks.
REAR PTO
Rear PTO does not transfer full torque (slips)
Misadjusted control mechanism due to considera- Adjust PTO control mechanism.
ble wear of the friction linings of the brake band or
owing to other reason.
FRONT DRIVING AXLE

Front axle fails to engage automatically when rear wheel are slipping during forward mo-
tion of tractor
Parts of the free running coupling of the transfer case Replace the free running coupling.
are worn out.
Catch slots of the external casing of the free running Remove the coupling and wash its parts.
coupling are clogged with the products of oil oxida-
tion and part wear.
The springs of the roller pressing mechanism are de- Replace springs.
formed.
The safety coupling in the intermediate support does Adjust the coupling for transferring the torque of 40 to
not transfer the required torque. 80 kgf•m (400 to 800 N•m) by tightening the collar nut
from the transfer case side.
The driving and driven plates of the safety coupling Replace plates.
are worn out.
The disk springs have lost resilience or got broken. Replace springs.
Transfer case control rod has increased length. Adjust the rods length as described in Chapter F.
Adjustments.
Quick wear and ply separation of front tires

Non-compliance of air pressure in the tyres of the To prevent faults, maintain the air pressure in the
front and rear wheels with the recommended tyres of the front and rear wheels according to the
norms. recommended norms.
Misalignment of the wheel toe-in. Adjust.
The FDA is constantly engaged due to breakage Check the forced engagement of the FDA.
or jamming in transfer box control, Eliminate the fault. Adjust transfer case control
mechanism.
115

STEERING
High force on steering wheel
Oil foaming in booster system.
a) insufficient oil in booster housing; Check oil level, add to the required level if neces-
b) air in system sary.
Check suction line and eliminate leakage.
Misadjusted safety valve. Adjust valve

High oil leak in pump.
Replace pump
Jamming in worm to sector mesh
Adjust mesh
High vibration of steering wheel
Screw in round nut until in touches bushing, un-
screw it by 1.5 turn and lock.
Increased instability of front wheels
Weak tightening of worm nut Screw in the nut to a torque of 2 kgf•m (20 N•m),
unscrew it by 1/12-1/10 turn to align the slot in the
nut with the hole in the worm for pin
Increased backlash in tapered bearings of front Adjust.

wheels or steering rod jointns, misadjusted front
wheel toe-in
Weak tightening of nuts fastening sector pitman Tighten up the nuts.

arm or pivot arms
Increased axial movement of pivoting shaft Adjust axial movement of shaft with bolt.
Steering wheel free play increased (exceeds 25°)
Increased clearance in worm to sector mesh Adjust clearance
Increased backlash in cardan joints of steering Replace worn parts

wheel drive
Weak tightening of worm nut Screw in the nut to a torque of 2 kgf•m (20 N•m),
unscrew it by 1/121/10 turn to align the slot in the
nut with the hole in the worm for cotter pin
116

HYDRAULIC LIFT LINKAGE
Hinge does not lift or its lifting capacity sharply re- 1. Low oil level in tank — add oil to level.
duced. 2. Air sucked into the suction line of the pump —
eliminate air suction (oil foaming).
3. Sticking of distributor relief valve (take out valve
parts, rinse and install to place).
Lifting capacity drops when oil warms up. When oil Worn or broken oil pump — replace pump.
cools down, lifting capacity restores.
Hydraulic system oil too hot 1. Insufficient oil in hydraulic system housing (add
oil to the mark “П”).
2. The distributor arm is in the lifting position (return
the arm to the neutral position, find and eliminate
the cause of jamming).
3. Pump lost its capacity (replace pump).
Spontaneous lowering of implement 1. Oil leakage over sealings of cylinder piston (re-
place sealing).
2. Leaky pilot-operated check valve of distributor
(rinse or replace valve).
117
End of Table H-1

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT
Low charge of storage battery
Low level of controllable voltage. Replace the alternator voltage regulator.
Slipping of the alternator driving belt. Adjust belt tension.
Increased transient resistance between the stor- Clean terminals, tighten and grease non-contact
age battery terminals and wire lugs due to oxida- parts with technical petrolatum. Tighten up the fas-
tion and loosening. tening of the SB switch and the “ground” jumper.
Storage battery failure. Replace.
Storage battery “boils” and requires frequent adding of distilled water

High level of controllable voltage. Replace the alternator voltage regulator.
Storage battery failure. Replace.

Starter fails to turn on and crank engine crankshaft
One of wire lugs at the storage battery is dis- Tighten firmly the lugs on the battery terminals.
connected.
Heavy oxidation of wire lugs and terminals of the Clean battery terminals and wire lugs, grease their
storage battery. non-contact parts with technical petrolatum.
Engine start locking unit triggered or its switch is Set gear shifter lever to leftmost or replace the
faulty. switch.
Low starter starting moment due to storage bat- Charge the battery to the norm.
tery discharging.
Starter failure. Remove the starter and send it to shop for repair.
Alternator does not develop full power
Slipping of alternator driving belt. Adjust.
Alternator failure. Remove the alternator and send it to shop for re-
pair.
Noise in alternator
Slipping or excessive tension of fan belt. Adjust.
Bearings worn.
Remove the alternator and send it to shop for re-
pair.
118
Section J. Safety precautions Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
Section H. TRANSPORTING TRACTOR AND TOWING IT

tening the ropes by the eye nut (1), draw
The tractors can be transported by rail- the hoisting device through the eye nut
road transport, on trucks and their trailers, body and fix it with the stopper (2)
as well as by towing or under its own through the eye of the eye nut.
power.
To attach a tow rope, an eye is provided
When transporting the tractors: lug attached to the front ballast weights
• Shift the GB shifter to the first gear; and to the weight bracket.
• Engage the reserve parking brake. `During transportation of the tractor, rules
• Fasten the tractor to the platform with a of road must be strictly observed.
wire Ø6 mm, chains and guy ropes.
Attention! When the tractor is lifted
When handling the tractors, use hoist by the eye nuts, it can move forward
mechanisms with a lifting capacity of 10 tf (backward) up to 1.5 m.
min.
Do not use the towing shackle to lift the

tractor.
The ropes should be fastened at the
beam or eye nut of the front axle (1) and
at the eye nut (1) of the rear wheels as
shown in the diagram below. When fas-
119
Section J. Storing tractor Belarus 510/512 Operating manual
Section J. STORING TRACTOR Damaged paint is restored by applying

pain or protective grease.
Store tractors as per recommendations of Paint as per GOST 6572-91.
GOST 7751-85 indoors or under shed.
In case of long-time storage of the tractors
outdoors, electric equipment, parts of rub-
When no closed room is available, trac- ber, plastics materials from textile (hoses
tors can be stored on open equipped are- of hydraulic systems etc.), tools are re-
as subject to mandatory works for preser- moved and put to storage. Parts fastening
vation, sealing and removing parts that re- the removed parts of the tractor are in-
quire warehousing. stalled to their places. The electric equip-
ment (headlights, alternator, starter, batter-
Put the tractors to storage between shifts ies) are cleaned, blown with compressed
if a break in operation is up to 10 days, to air, the terminals are covered with protec-
short-time storage if the idle period is 10 tive grease.
days to two months and to long-time stor-
age if the idle period exceeds two months.
Prepare to short-time storage after com- When preparing the tractor to long-time
pletion of works and to long-time storage storage, clean from scale and wash the
no later than 10 days after completion of engine cooling system, lubricate all tractor
works. Before putting to storage, check parts according to the lubrication table.
condition of the tractor. The tractor must Drain the oil and add fresh oil with adding
undergo the scheduled maintenance ser- an additive to the require oil quantity to
vice. the control level to the engine crankcase,
the air cleaner tray, the housings of the
Maintenance during preparation to gearbox and rear and front axles, the
long-time storage includes: wheel reduction gear, the intermediate
support, to the hydraulic system oil tank.
Run the tractor for 10 to 15 minutes. Drain
- cleaning and washing, removing from the coolant from the cooling system, the
the tractor and preparing to storage of cab heating and air cooling system. Drain
parts that must be stored in specially fuel from the fuel system, rinse the inner
equipped warehouses; sealing holes, surfaces of the tanks with inhibiting lubri-
cavities to prevent moisture, dust; cant and tightly close the filler neck. Carry
preservation of the tractor, its parts; out preservation of the fuel system and
putting the tractors on supports engine cylinders with rust-preventing
(blocks). agent. Put the batteries to long-time stor-
age after carrying out the check and condi-
tioning cycle as per GOST 9590-76. Pre-
After operation, the tractor is cleaned of serve the open joints, bolted and threaded
dust, dirt, oil leaks, plant and other re- connections of the hitch mechanism,
mains.Parts, to which no water is allowed steering linkage, spline surfaces of the
(generators, relay switches etc.), are pro- PTO shank, extended parts of cylinder and
tected with protective casings. After clean- shock absorber rods, mechanisms adjust-
ing and washing, the tractors are blown ing the front and rear wheel track. Using
with compressed air to remove moisture. covers, polyethylene film bags or other
special devices, tightly close the fuel tank
120
filler neck, holes of the engine breathers

and the air cleaner intake pipe, the re-
spective holes remained after removal of
the starter and other cavities through
which atmospheric precipitate can ingress
to the inner cavities of the units of the
tractor. Set the control levers and pedals
to position preventing spontaneous en-
gagement of tractor parts and units.
Pneumatic tires can be stored outdoors in

unloaded state on tractors installed on
supports. Jacklift the tractor so that the
tires take off the supporting surface by 8 to
10 cm. Put supports under the rear half-
axle bodies, the front axle or the FDA final
drive bodies (see points indicated by ar-
rows on the figure).
The tire surfaces are covered with protec-

tive agent. The tire pressure in case of
outdoors or indoors storage is decreased
to 70 per cent of the normal. The outer sur-
faces of the hydraulic system flexible hos-
es are cleaned of dirt and oil Hoses can
be stored on the machine. At that they are
covered with protective agent or wrapped
into insulating material (waxed paper, pol-
yethylene film etc.). All holes, slots, cavi-
ties (the filler necks of the tanks and
transmission, the holes of the hydraulic
system breathers, the engine exhaust pipe
and other), through which atmospheric
precipitate can ingress to the tractor inner
cavities, are tightly closed with covers or
blanking plugs. To ensure free drainage of
water from the cooling system and con-
densate, the drain devices are left open.
The hoods and cab doors must be left closed.
When doing maintenance service during
storage, the following items are checked:
correct installation of the machines on
supports or pads (no skew), completeness,
121
air pressure in the tires, reliability of seal- preservation), if no hood is available, pack-
ing, condition of the rust-preventing coat- ing the engine into a plastic film casing.
ings (availability of protective grease, in- When the fuel tanks have no fuel, carry out
tegrity of paint, no rust), condition of the preservation with use of volatile inhibiting
protective devices (integrity and strength of agents. Clean and wash the air cleaner,
fastening of the casings, covers). Eliminate pour working preservation oil to the tray.
all found faults.
Clean and grease the threaded connec-
Servicing the tractor when removing it tions of the hitch mechanism, hydraulic
from storage includes taking the tractor systems, steering linkages etc.
from the supports, cleaning and as neces-
sary depreservation of the tractor, its parts, Preservation
removing all sealing devices, installing the Temporary rust protection of the tractor units
removed parts, tools to the tractor, check- and systems from action of the environment
ing operation and adjusting the tractor and during transportation and storage of the tractor
its parts. is provided by preservation.
Requirements to inter-shift storage of The tractor surfaces to preserve are

machines cleaned of mechanical impurities, de-
Tractors can be stored on areas and greased and dried. Subject to preservation
places of inter-shift storage or on the work are unpainted inner and outer galvanized
site. All holes, through which atmospheric surfaces, viewed units of the tractor and in
precipitate can ingress the inner cavities of the cab with rust-protection oil RUST BAN
the tractor, must be tightly closed with co- 397. SUMIDERA 397. Material consump-
vers. The batteries must be disconnected. tion is 0.02 to 0.03 kg per tractor.
Requirements to short-time storage The engine inner surfaces are preserved

of machines after running-in of the tractor by pouring
Put the tractor to storage complete without rust-preventive additive PFINDER AP
removing units and assemblies from the 241. CORTEK VCI 329 through the
tractor. coarse filter to fill the cavities with the
Disconnect the batteries. The level and preservation agent. Material consumption is
density of electrolyte must meet recom- 0.05 kg per tractor.
mendations on servicing and checking bat-
teries. In case of storing the tractors at low The inner surfaces of the fuel tank are
temperatures or longer than one month, preserved by spraying RUST BAN 335 af-
remove the batteries and deliver them to ter their making before painting. ML –
warehouse. 5588, the instrument panel after assembly
by spraying RUST BAN 397, SUMIDERA
Requirements to long-time storage of 397 rust-preventive oil on the inner sur-
machines outdoors faces of the panel. The PTO shanks are
Preparing the engine to long-time storage preserved by lubricating them with RUST
includes preservation of part surfaces lo- BAN 335, ML -5888 rust-preventive oil. Ma-
cated inside the engine (inner preserva- terial consumption is 0.1 kg per tractor.
tion) and flushing the cooling system, seal- The units (the radiator and fuel tank filler
ing the inner surfaces, preservation of the neck, breathers, cylinder rods) are pre-
outer unpainted engine surfaces (outer served with polyethylene film casings. Ma-
terial consumption is 0.66 kg per tractor.
122
.The applied materials provide protec- 600125053.019-2004. When storing out-

tion of the tractor and its parts for the doors, preserve the viewed surfaces with
storage and transportation period during BELA-KOR grease of grade A as per TU
a year. RB 600125053-020-2004.
Preparing tractor to operation after
Before putting the tractor to operation, long storage
take off the polyethylene casings, re- Remove the grease from preserved outer
move the preservation material from the surfaces.Remove the mounting protective
tractor outer surfaces by wiping with covers, plugs, special devices, and install
rags wetted in a solvent as per GOST the previously removed part to place. Be-
3134-78. fore installation, clean the parts of dirt and
dust. Drain sediment from all tanks, fill
Perform outer preservation of the them with working fluids and add to the
tractor and its parts by greasing the sur- check mark as necessary.
faces with a brush and by spraying to Lubricate all tractor gears as per the lu-
the surfaces with a paint sprayer. brication table. Fill the fuel tanks with fuel.
Depreserve the fuel system and engine
cylinders by starting the engine. Fill the
Perform inner preservation of the system with coolant. Perform scheduled
tractor by filling the cavities with the maintenance Crank the engine crankshaft
preservation agent with subsequent without fuel delivery by some revolutions
processing the engine. and, after making sure the the crankshaft
normally rotates, start the engine for 5 to
10 minutes, gradually bringing the crank-
shaft speed from the minimum to the rated
Depreservation one. Run the tractor for 15 to 20 minutes.
Choose the depreservation method Eliminate all found faults.
depending on the applied preservation ma- Safety requirements for preservation
terials. Wipe the preserved surfaces with works
rags wetted in low-viscosity oils, solvents
or wash with water-soluble detergent solu- Only persons older than 18 years, subject
tions. Remove all insulating materials (film, to medical examination, introduction brief
paper) from the sealed units. Preserved on labor and fire safety, primary brief on
inner surfaces require no depreservation. the workplace, are allowed to perform
works of the preservation process consist-
ing of preparing the surfaces, applying the
preservation means, marking up and cut-
Re-preservation ting paper, packing. Rooms and sites of
Re-preserve the tractor when preserva- preservation must be separated from other
tion faults are found during storage or industrial rooms and equipped with forced-
when the protection period expires. air-exhaust ventilation. The applied
preservation materials are flammable sub-
During operation of the tractor, at inter-
stances with a flash point of 170 to 270°C
shift, short-term and long-time storage, the
and must meed the state standards, speci-
means and methods of preservation, stor-
fications and have a quality certificate.
age conditions are provided by the enter-
prises operating the tractor as per GOST Supplied preservation materials must carry
7751-85. The inner surfaces are also pre- the material name. Perform preservation
served using the universal preservation works in special apparel and footwear, al-
grease KS-U as per TU RB ways use personal protection equipment.
123
When carrying out preservation works,

observe the personal hygiene rules, timely
deliver the protective overalls to cleaning,
do not wash them in emulsion, solvents,
kerosene. By their impact on human or-
ganism, the preservation materials are
moderately hazardous, thus, use the rec-
ommended personal protection equipment
when working with the materials.
In case of a long action of preservation
oils, greases and liquids on the hand skin,
it can be damaged. White spirit vapors
act as a weak drug in low concentrations
and can poison in high concentrations.
The rust-preventive paper contains rust
inhibitors that cause irritation and inflam-
mation of the skin and mucuous coatings
of the nose, eyes. Before you start work-
ing, put on a cotton robe or suit, apron,
prepare personal protection equipment
depending on the work conditions and
toxicity of the substances applied. Grease
your hands with protective paste (cream)
or put on cotton and rubber gloves. Before
you start any work for which safe labor
practices are not known to you, require a
brief on safety measures.
124
Section K. Disposal of tractor Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
Section K. DISPOSAL OF TRACTOR
When disposing of the tractor after expiration of its service (operation) life, is neces-
sary to:
• discharge waste oil from the lubrication system of the diesel engine, rear axle hous-
ing and wheel reducers, gearbox, front driving axle, reducers of front wheel final drives,
hydraulic system oil tank and send it for recycling according to the established procedure;
• discharge coolant from the engine cooling system and put it into containers desig-
nated for storage ;
• discharge diesel fuel from the fuel tank and put it into containers designated for
storage;
• discharge sediment from the coarse and fine fuel filters;
• discharge electrolyte from the battery of the tractor, put it into containers designated
for storage and send it to recycling according to the established procedure;
• completely disassemble the tractor to parts, sort them out to non-metal, steel, cast
iron, aluminum, non-ferrous and precious metal items, and send them to recycling accord-
ing to the established procedure;
• trained personnel can unmount parts and assembly units, do maintenance work for
the air-conditioning system with use of equipment for servicing freon-based refrigerating
units.
• When carrying out maintenance and minor repairs, the fuels and oils to change, if
necessary, parts and assembly units, are to be sent to recycling with assembling units to
parts and sorting them by composition of the materials.
125
Annex L. Belarus-510/512 Operating manual
ANNEX L. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

List of parts of the electric circuit diagram
Designation Description Qty. Note
BK1 Coolant temperature indicator sensor 1
BP1 Engine oil pressure sensor 1
BN1 Fuel level indicator sensor 1
Е1, Е2 Road headlight 2

E3, Е5 Working headlight 2
Е4 Number plate light 1
EL1, EL2 Lamp А12-45+40 2 Supplied with Е1, Е2

EL4…EL2 Lamp А12-1 5 Supplied with P2…P6
EL9, EL12, EL13,
Lamp А12-21-1 6 Supplied with HL5…HL8
EL15, EL16, EL18
EL10, EL11, EL20 Lamp А12-5 3 Supplied with HL5, HL6, E4
EL14, EL17 Lamp А12-10 2 Supplied with HL7, HL8
EL19, EL21 Lamp AKG12-55-1 2 Supplied with Е1, Е2
EP2…EP6 Socket with plug 5 Supplied with P2…P6
F1...F3 Fuse blocks 3
G1 Alternator 1
GB1, GB2 Storage battery 2
HA1 Horn 1
HL1 Headlight upper beam pilot lamp 1
HL2 Turn indicator pilot lamp 1
HL3 Air cleaner filter clogging pilot lamp 1
Alarm lamp of emergency pressure drop
HL4 1
in engine
HL5, HL6 Front light 2
HL7, HL8 Rear light 2
К1 Starter relay switch 1

К2 Starter lock relay switch 1
KH1 Turn indicator flasher 1
M1 Starter 1
126
Designation Description Qty. Note

P2 Tachometer/speedometer 1
P3 Engine oil pressure indicator 1
P4 Fuel level indicator 1
P5 Voltage indicator 1
P6 Engine coolant temperature indicator 1
QS1 Battery disconnect switch 1

SA1 Understeering multifunctional switch 1
SA2 Starter and instrument switch 1
SA3 Central light switch 1
SB1 Start lock switch 1
SB2 Fault signaling switch 1
SB3 Stop-light switch 1
SP1 Air cleaner clogging sensor 1

SP2 Emergency oil pressure sensor 1
XA9.1 Socket for trailer 1

XP1.1…XP1.3 Single-pin terminal block 3
XS1.1…XS1.3 Single-pin female receptacle 3
XS2.1…XS2.2 Two-pin female receptacle 2
XS3.1 Three-pin female receptacle 1
XS4.1 Four-pin female receptacle 1
XS5.1 Five-pin female receptacle for relay switch 1
XS6.1 Six-pin female receptacle 1
Eight-pin female receptacle of fault signal-
XS8.1 1
ing switch
XS8.2 Eight-pin female receptacle of key switch 1
XP12.1 12-pin plug 1
XP15.1 15-pin plug 1
XS12.1 12-pin socket 1
XS15.1 15-pin socket 1
XT2.1, XT2.2 Two-terminal backplane 2

XT3.1 Three-terminal backplane 1
XT4.1 Four-terminal backplane 1
127
128

510 - 512 Eng 2009

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510 - 512 Eng 2009

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BELARUS

Editor-in-Chief — Director, Scientific and Technical Center

Supervisor for the Issue — Head of Design Office, O. N. Natalevich

Belarus-510/512 tractors Operating manual

© Minsk Tractor Works Republican Unitary Enterprise, 2009

Re-equipment or modifications to the tractor design without approval from the

Abbreviations and designations

The manufacturer uses standard international symbols concerning application of the

— see Manual — controls manipulations

— park brake — back

— horn — battery charging

— fault signaling — interior lamp

— fuel — clearance lights

— coolant — turn signal lamp

— pre-heater glow plug — upper beam

— engine speed — low beam

— engine oil pressure — working lights

— engine coolant temperature — differential lock

— off/stop — power take-off shaft on

— on/start — front driving axle on

— gradual change — fan

— lever down — windshield washer

— lever up — windshield wiper

— “lift” position of the distributor

— air pressure in pneumatic

— air filter clogging

• Before starting the diesel engine, the

Weight and Overall Dimensions

Tractor component Nos.

The serial number of the tractor is duplicated

Diesel engine serial No. (duplicated on the

Clutch No. (on the left-hand side of the

Gearbox No. (on the left-hand side of the

Transmission number (on the rear axle housing from behind).

Front driving axle number (on the front

Engine model Д-244

Engine lubrication system Maximum working pressure in system:

Gear and range shift pattern

Rated speeds (km/h) of the BELARUS — 510/512 tractors

(standard, equipped with 15.5R38 tires)

Fig. 1. Gearbox of BELARUS-510/512 tractor (9F/2R)

Fig. 2. Gearbox of BELARUS-510/512 tractor (9F/2R)

Brakes Hydraulic system

• instrument panel, number plate illumina- Wheels

Section C. Controls and Instrumentation

1. Lower fuse block; trols

Instruments and switches

The indicator (1) shows the engine coolant

In the instrument panel, two electric circuit fuses are mounted.

Electric equipment connectors

A standard 7-pin socket is intended to

Socket terminal designations:

The gearbox is a 9/2 mechanical one.

Attention! Use of the R gear in traction mode is not allowed.

Front drive axle control

The control lever (1) has three fixed po-

ATTENTION! When using the tractor

Hydraulic system pump control

Control of hydraulic system distributor