Certificate

CERTIFICATE
It is my pleasure to certify that Prajukta Saha of class

12th Sci-A has satisfactorily completed her Biology
Investigatory Project in accordance with the CBSE course
requirements for the academic year 2022-2023.
Further, I certify that this is my own work and has not

been submitted elsewhere .
SIGNATURE(TEACHER)
SIGNATURE(EXAMNIE
R)
SIGNATURE(PRINCIPAL)
02
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to

my Biology teacher Mrs Paramita Chaterjee for her
guidance and support in my completing my project .
I would like to extend my gratitude to my parents and

my friends who helped me with their valuable
suggestions and guidance.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my

classmates who helped me a lot.
Prajukta Saha
01
INTRODUCTION
Drug abuse or alcohol abuse refers to the use of certain

chemicals for the purpose of creating pleasurable effects
on the brain. There are over 190 million drug users
around the world and the problem has been increasing
at alarming rates, especially among young adults under
the age of 30.
03
DRUG ABUSE
Drug abuse or substance abuse refers to the use of

certain chemicals for the purpose of creating
pleasurable effects on the brain. There are over 190
million drug users around the world and the problem
has been increasing at alarming rates, especially among
young adults under the age of 30.
04
Causes of drug abuse
Drugs of abuse are usually psychoactive drugs that are

used by people for various different reasons which may
include:
Curiosity and peer pressure, especially among school

children and young adults.
The use of prescription drugs that were originally

intended to target pain relief may have turned into
recreational use and become addictive.
Chemicals may be used as part of religious practices or

rituals Recreational purposes.
As a means of obtaining creative inspiration.

05
Drug categories
Drugs of abuse fall into three groups and these include:
Depressants: These cause depression of the brain's

faculties and examples include sleeping pills
(barbiturates) and heroin.
Stimulants: These cause stimulation of the brain, giving

rise to alertness and increased bursts of activity.
Examples of drugs are:
•Alcohol
•Tobacco
•Cocaine from coca
•Opium and opioids from poppy plants.
•Hashish or marijuana from cannabis.
•Synthetic drugs such as heroin, ecstasy and LSD.
06
What causes it?
The cause of alcohol use disorder is still unknown.
Alcohol use disorder develops when you drink so much
that chemical changes in the brain occur. These changes
increase the pleasurable feelings you get when you
drink alcohol. This makes you want to drink more often,
even if it causes harm.
Eventually, the pleasurable feelings associated with

alcohol use go away and the person with alcohol use
disorder will engage in drinking to prevent withdrawal
symptoms. These withdrawal symptoms can be quite
unpleasant and even dangerous .
08
Epidemiology of drug abuse
Cannabis, marijuana and hashish are the most widely
abused drugs in the world. Around 141 million people
worldwide consume cannabis. The use of stimulants
such as amphetamine and ecstasy is also widespread,
with nearly 30 million people abusing these drugs.
Cocaine is used by around 13 million people across the
globe, with the highest number of users in the United
States. Abuse of heroin and other opioids is less
common than with other drugs and is taken up by
around 8 million people worldwide, mainly in South-East
and South-West Asia and Europe.
07
ALCOHOL ABUSE
When an individual's drinking causes distress or harm,
that's called an alcohol use disorder. An estimated 10%
of adult men and 5% of adult women have an alcohol
use disorder. Their use of alcohol leads to health
problems or troubles at home, at work, at school, or
with the law. Many of them have lost control of their
drinking; they are unable to stop or cut down despite
serious negative health consequences and the loss of
valued activities or relationships .
09
What are the risk factors?
Although the exact cause of alcohol use disorder is
unknown, there are certain factors that may increase
your risk for developing this disease.
Known risk factors include having:

1.)More than 15 drinks per week if you’re male.
2.)More than 12 drinks per week if you’re female.
3.)More than 5 drinks per day at least once a week
(binge drinking).
4.)A parent with alcohol use disorder.
5.)A mental health problem, such
as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia.
10
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms of alcohol use disorder are based on the
behaviors and physical outcomes that occur as a result
of alcohol addiction.
People with alcohol use disorder may engage in the

following behaviors:
1. ) Drinking alone.
2. ) Drinking more to feel the effects of alcohol (having a
high tolerance).
3.) Becoming violent or angry when asked about their
drinking habits.
4.) Not eating or eating poorly
5.) Neglecting personal hygiene
6.) Missing work or school because of drinking being
unable to control alcohol
7.) Recreational activities because of alcohol use .
11
What are treatments for drug
addiction?
There are many options that have been successful in
treating drug addiction, including:
•Behavioral counseling
•Medication
•Medical devices
•Applications used to treat withdrawal symptoms or
deliver skills training.
•Evaluation and treatment for co-occurring mental
health issues such as depression and anxiety
long-term follow-up to prevent relapse.
12
What are treatment for alcohol

abuse?
The one that’s right for you depends on your situation
and your goals. Many people find that a combination of
treatments works best, and you can get them together
through a program. Some of these are inpatient or
residential programs, where you stay at a treatment
center for a while. Others are outpatient programs,
where you live at home and go to the center for
treatment.
13
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://www.mayoclinic.
• https://www.medicalnewstoday.
• https://www.webmed.
• https://clevelandclinic.org
• https://nida.nih.gov.
14
Thank You…

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CERTIFICATE

It is my pleasure to certify that Prajukta Saha of class

Further, I certify that this is my own work and has not

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to

I would like to extend my gratitude to my parents and

Last but not the least I would like to thank my

Drug abuse or alcohol abuse refers to the use of certain

Drug abuse or substance abuse refers to the use of

Drugs of abuse are usually psychoactive drugs that are

Curiosity and peer pressure, especially among school

The use of prescription drugs that were originally

Chemicals may be used as part of religious practices or

As a means of obtaining creative inspiration.

Depressants: These cause depression of the brain's

Stimulants: These cause stimulation of the brain, giving

Eventually, the pleasurable feelings associated with

Known risk factors include having:

People with alcohol use disorder may engage in the

What are treatment for alcohol

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