F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
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Gaskets

Prepared by:
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

Definition of gasket

W
O

O
N

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• Flange gaskets are used to create a static seal

between two flanges faces, at various operating
conditions, with varied pressure and temperature
ratings.

• A gaskets fills the microscopic spaces and

irregularities of the flange faces, and then it forms a
seal that is designed to keep liquids and gases.
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
bu

bu
Why use gaskets?
to

to
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• If it would be technically possible, in order to

manufacture flanges perfectly flat and smooth, and
perfectly compatible with one another under all
operating conditions, a gasket would not be necessary.

• But in normal practice it is not possible, because flange

connections under ANY circumstances should be made.
Small impurities and a small bit of dirt, is in practice
not be avoided and therefore it is necessary to use a
gasket.
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
TYPES OF GASKETS

!
W

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Materials for gaskets can be divided into three

main categories:

• Non-metallic types
• Semi-metallic types
• Metallic types
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

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bu
Non-metallic gaskets
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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
bu

bu
Non-metallic gaskets
to

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• Non-metallic gaskets are usually composite sheet materials

are used with flat-face and raised-face flanges in low Pressure
Class applications.
• Non-metallic gaskets are manufactured from fiber, glass fiber,
elastomer, Teflon (PTFE), graphite etc..
• Full-face gasket types are suitable for use with flat-face
flanges. Flat-ring gasket types are suitable for use with raised
face flanges
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
bu

bu
to

to
Semi-metallic gaskets
ww

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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Semi-metallic gaskets
y

y
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• Semi-metallic gaskets are composites of metal and

non-metallic materials
• The metal is intended to offer strength and resiliency,
while the non-metallic portion provides
conformability and seal ability.
• Commonly used semi metallic gaskets are spiral
wound, metal jacketed and a variety of metal-
reinforced graphite gaskets
• Semi-metallic are designed for almost all operating
conditions and high-temperature and pressure
applications, and are used on raised face,
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
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Metallic gaskets
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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

Metallic gaskets

W
O

O
N

N
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• Metallic gaskets are fabricated from one or a combination of

metals to the desired shape and size

• Often used metallic gaskets are ring-type-joint gaskets (RTJ).

• They are always applied to special, accompanying flanges

which ensure good, reliable sealing with the correct choice of
profiles and material

• Ring Type Joint gaskets are designed to seal by

"initial line contact" or wedging action between the mating
flange and the gasket. By applying pressure on the seal
interface through bolt force, the "softer" metal of the gasket
flows into the micro fine structure of the harder flange
material, and creating a very tight and efficient seal.
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

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y

y
bu

bu
Types of semi metallic gaskets
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• Spiral wound gaskets

• Camprofile gaskets
• Metal jacketed gaskets
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

Spiral wound gasket

PD PD

!
W

W
O

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N

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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

Spiral wound gasket

PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

Spiral wound gasket

PD PD

!
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W
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O
N

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• The spiral wound gasket meets the most exacting conditions

of both temperature and pressure in flanged joints and similar
assemblies and against every known corrosive and toxic
media.
• The spiral wound gasket depends upon the mechanical
characteristics of a formed metal spiral strip, rather than the
compressive virtues of more traditional gasket materials.
• The sealing strips, or fillers, are usually graphite, although
other materials such as Teflon may be used, the windings are
always stainless steel
• The completed gasket is fitted into a steel ring of specific
thickness. When the gasket is fitted into a flange and the bolt
load is applied, flange closure is governed by the outer steel
ring of the gasket.
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

Camprofile gaskets
PD PD

!
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W
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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge

Camprofile gaskets
PD PD

!
W

W
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• Camprofile or "Grooved" gaskets have proven themselves in

all industrial applications.
• Camprofile gaskets are found in industrial power plants and
in the primary circuits in nuclear installations
• Campro le gaskets are made from a solid serrated metal core
faced on each side with a soft nonmetallic material
• The term campro le (or kammpro le) comes from the groove
pro le found on each face of the metal core (groove profile
shown in figure)
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

Camprofile gaskets

W
O

O
N

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• Camprofile gaskets consist of a metal core (generally Stainless

Steel) with concentric grooves on either side with sealing
materials. The sealing layers (depending on the service duty)
can be Graphite, Teflon, or Metal (e.g. Aluminium or Silver).

• Camprofile's can be used without sealing layers to provide an

excellent seal but there is a risk of flange surface damage

• The campro le gasket combines the strength, blowout, and

creep resistance of a metal core with a soft sealing material
that conforms to the ange faces providing a seal.
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

Metal jacketed gaskets

O
N

N
y

y
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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

Metal jacketed gaskets

O
N

N
y

y
bu

bu
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ww
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C
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• Jacketed gaskets are made from a nonmetallic gasket

material enveloped in a metallic sheath
• This inexpensive gasket arrangement is used
occasionally on standard ange assemblies, valves,
and pumps.
• Jacketed gaskets are easily fabricated in a variety
of sizes and shapes and are an inexpensive
• Metal Jacketed gaskets require smooth flange
surface finishes, high bolt loads and flange flatness in
order to seal effectively.
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
Gasket’s Material & Application

!
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W
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(V. Important for exams)

• See charts on next slides
 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
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C
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 F -X C h a n ge F -X C h a n ge
PD PD

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
y

y
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bu
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to
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ww
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om
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C

C
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