Notebook Work

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, GBN
Notebook work (2022-23)

Subject – Social Science
Ch-6: Geography
Human Resources
Define the following:
a) Birth Rate: Births are usually measured using the birth rate, i.e. the
number of live births per 1,000 people.
b) Death Rate: Deaths are usually measured using the death rate, i.e.
the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
c) Migrations: It is the movement of people in and out of an area.
d) Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person

can expect to live.
e) Emigrants: Emigrants are people who leave a country.
f) Immigrants: Immigrants are those who arrive in a country.
Answer the following questions.
(i) Why are people considered a resource?
Answer: People are the greatest resource of a nation. All other resources of
nature become significant only when people extract their usefulness. It is
people with their demands and abilities that turn them into resources.
Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource.
(ii) What are the causes for the uneven distribution of population in
the world?
Answer: Population distribution in the world is uneven because of two
factors, Geographical and Social, Cultural and Economic Factors .
Geographical factors
Topography: People prefer living on plains rather than mountains and

plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and
service activities. The Ganga Plains are the most densely populated area in
the world, while mountains like the Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely
populated.
Water: People prefer living in areas where fresh water is easily available.
The river valleys of the world are the densely populated regions, while
deserts have a less population.
Social factors include
Soil : Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture.
Climate : People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very
cold like Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica.
Social, Cultural and Economic Factors
Social : Areas of better housing, education and health facilities are more
densely populated. (For example, Pune)
Cultural : Places with religion or cultural significance attract people.
Economic: Industrial areas provide employment opportunities. A large
number of people are attracted to these areas. Osaka in Japan and Mumbai
in India are two densely populated areas.
(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?
Answer: a) The world population has not been stable and has increased
manifold due to advancements in science and technology.
b) Science and technology have increased food production, and development
in healthcare facilities has helped in reducing the death rate.
(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population

change.
Answer: Two factors influencing the change in population are the birth rate
and death rate.
a)The birth rate is the number of births per 1,000 people, and the death rate
is the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
b) Birth and death are the natural causes of population change. When the
birth rate is more than the death rate, it means that the population is
increasing and vice-versa.
c) The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country is
called the natural growth rate.
(v) What is meant by population composition?
Answer: Population composition refers to the structure of the population.

The composition of the population helps us know how many are males or
females, which age group they belong to, how educated they are, what type
of occupations they are employed in and what their income levels and health
conditions are. An interesting way of studying the population composition of
a country is by looking at the population pyramid, also called an age-sex
pyramid.
(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in

understanding the population of a country?
Answer: a) The graphical representation used to study the composition of a

country’s population is called the population pyramid.
b) It shows the total population divided into various age groups, the
percentage of the total population subdivided into males and females and
the number of dependents in a country.
When the population of a country has high birth and death rates, the
population pyramid is broad at the base and narrow towards the top.

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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, GBN

Notebook work (2022-23)

Define the following:

c) Migrations: It is the movement of people in and out of an area.

d) Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person

e) Emigrants: Emigrants are people who leave a country.

f) Immigrants: Immigrants are those who arrive in a country.

Answer the following questions.

(i) Why are people considered a resource?

Topography: People prefer living on plains rather than mountains and

Social, Cultural and Economic Factors

(iii) The world population has grown very rapidly. Why?

(iv) Discuss the role of any two factors influencing population

(v) What is meant by population composition?

Answer: Population composition refers to the structure of the population.

(vi) What are population pyramids? How do they help in

Answer: a) The graphical representation used to study the composition of a

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