Sample Test 4

READING SUB-TEST – QUESTION PAPER: PART A

Temporomandibular disorder: Texts

Text A

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most frequently used joints of the human body. It is used when
speaking, chewing, yawning, swallowing and other activities during the day and even in sleep. The frequency of
movement is assessed as about 1500-2000 times a day. The term 'temporomandibular disorder' (TMD) stands for
a number of disorders related to the masticatory muscles or the TMJs and related structures. In the greatest
number of cases, the cause of temporomandibular disorder is a disturbance of function in the form of increased
muscular tonus and myofascial trigger points. It is essential to start treatment at the stage of mere dysfunction,
i.e. at the stage when the changes are still reversible, in order to prevent irreversible structural changes.
According to epidemiological statistics, 70% of the randomized population suffers from at least one symptom or
sign of TMD, but only one fourth of this number is aware of it and only 5% seeks medical treatment.

Text B

Symptoms

Dull aching pain, which varies in strength from mild to severe, is the most common symptom associated with TMJ
disorders. The pain is usually felt in the jaw, but can also be felt in the surrounding areas, including the face, ear,
and even the teeth. The pain may also radiate to the neck or shoulders, and is usually made worse by chewing
and moving your jaw . Other signs and symptoms associated with TMJ disorders include:
• jaw tenderness;
• jaw clicking, or popping, when you open and close your mouth or chew;
• a grating sensation when chewing;
• an uncomfortable or uneven bite; and
• jaw locking (an inability to open or close the mouth completely).

TMJ disorders can be temporary or chronic, but only a small proportion of people develop significant, long-term
problems. Women tend to be affected by TMJ disorders more often than men.

Text C

Diagnosis and treatment

A dentist can help identify the source of the pain with a thorough exam and appropriate X-rays. However, for
some types of pain, the cause is not easily diagnosed. The pain may be related to the facial muscles, the jaw or
the TM joint. Some TMJ problems result from arthritis, dislocation or injury. All of these conditions can cause pain
and dysfunction. Muscles that move the joints are also subject to injury and disease. Injuries to the jaw, head or
neck might cause some TMJ problems . Other factors relating to the way the upper and lower teeth fit together
(the bite) may cause some types of TM disorders . Stress and teeth grinding are also considered as possible
factors. There are several treatments for TMJ disorders. They may include stress-reducing exercises, wearing a
mouth protector to prevent teeth grinding, orthodontic treatment, medication or surgery. Treatment may involve
a series of steps beginning with the most conservative options. In many cases, only minor, non-invasive treatment
may be needed to help reduce symptoms.

Text D

ABSTRACT: Effectiveness of specific physiotherapy in treatment of TMD

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of individual specific physiotherapy in the treatment of
temporomandibular disorders, its immediate effect and its effect after two months. The research sample was
comprised of 23 subjects, 17 women and 6 men, with an average age of 36.5 years. They complained of pain,
sound phenomena and restricted mandibular movements. The patients were first examined by a stomatologist
who recommended physiotherapy. The effect of treatment was assessed according to the intensity of pain, the
occurrence of reflex changes in soft tissues in the region of the masticatory muscles and digastricus muscle, the
range of mouth opening and the intensity of sounds produced by mandibular movements. It was found that after
treatment pain was significantly reduced (p<0.001) at the temporomandibular joint (from 4.2 points to 0.7 point
on the VAS [Visual Analogue Scale]). There were also fewer reflex changes in the muscles and fascias. The range
of mouth opening increased significantly (from 37.3 mm to 41.3 mm, p<0.001) and the intensity of sounds was
reduced from 100% to 43% (p<0.001). This state was maintained two months later: intensity of pain (p<0.001),
mouth opening (p<0.003) and reduction of sound phenomena (p<0.001). Pain was ameliorated, the intensity of
sounds reduced, and the range of movement significantly improved after specific physiotherapy.

END OF PART A
THIS TEXT BOOKLET WILL BE COLLECTED

Part A

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

DO NOT open this Question Paper or the Text Booklet until you are told to do so.
Write your answers on the spaces provided on this Question Paper.
You must answer the questions within the 15-minute time limit.
One mark will be granted for each correct answer.
Answer ALL questions. Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers.
At the end of the 15 minutes, hand in this Question Paper and the Text Booklet.
DO NOT remove OET material from the test room.

TIME: 15 minutes

•Look at the four texts, A-D, in the separate Text Booklet.

•For each question, 1-20, look through the texts, A-D, to find the relevant information.
•Write your answers on the spaces provided in this Question Paper.
•Answer all the questions within the 15-minute time limit.
•Your answers should be correctly spelt.

Temporomandibular disorder: Questions

Questions 1-7
For each question, 1-7, decide which text (A, B, C or D) the information comes from. You may use any letter more
than once.

In which text can you find information about

1 . frequently found symptom regarding TMJ disorders?

____________

2 . improvements noted after treatment?

____________

3 . right time to begin the treatment?

____________

4 . ratio of patients to the ones who get medical care?

____________

5 . gender-wise prevalence of TMJ disorders?

____________

6 . how to reduce the symptoms?

____________

7 . role of physiotherapy in the treatment?

____________

Questions 8-14

Answer each of the questions, 8-14, with a word or short phrase from one of the texts. Each answer may include
words, numbers or both.

8 . Which healthcare professional normally does the diagnosis of TMJ disorders?

____________

9 . What is the very common symptom exhibited by TMJ disorders?

____________

10 . What does ‘VAS’ stand for based on the information given in the texts?

____________

11 . What was the average age of the subjects in the research study?

____________

12 . What is the term for the inability to open or close the mouth completely?
____________

13 . What type of treatment was offered to the subjects in the research study?

____________

14 . Where does a patient suffering from TMJ disorders normally sense the pain?

____________

Questions 15-20

Complete each of the sentences, 15-20, with a word or short phrase from one of the texts. Each answer may
include words, numbers or both.

15 . TMJ is one among the more regularly used ___________________________ in our body.

16 . Apart from the pain and sound phenomena, the subjects also complained about
____________________________.

17 . An oral guard is used to avoid ____________________________.

18 . Small, ____________________________ may be required to reduce symptoms of TMJ in most cases.

19 . TMJ disorders can be ____________________________ or non-permanent.

20 . The aching caused by TMJ disorders may also emanate to the ____________________________.

END OF PART A
THIS QUESTION PAPER WILL BE COLLECTED

READING SUB-TEST – QUESTION PAPER: PARTS B & C

TIME: 45 MINUTES

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

DO NOT open this Question Paper until you are told to do so.
One mark will be granted for each correct answer.
Answer ALL questions. Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers.
At the end of the test, hand in this Question Paper.
DO NOT remove OET material from the test room.

HOW TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

Mark your answers on this Question Paper by filling in the circle using a 2B pencil.

Part B

In this part of the test, there are six short extracts relating to the work of health professionals. For questions 1-6,
choose the answer (A, B or C) which you think fits best according to the text.

1. According to the extract, the nursing facilities require more physicians, who

A. increase the demand of quality long-term care.

B. lead the clinical decision-making for patients after care.

C. can offer care on-site to nursing facility residents.

Nursing Facility Care

Nationwide, nursing facility care is changing to include not only long-term care of frail residents but also
complicated and resource-intensive post-hospital care. The population of people receiving care in nursing
facilities is more medically complex as patients are discharged ‘sicker and quicker’ from the hospital to skilled
nursing facilities and the hospitals focus on decreasing readmission rates. However, the majority of patients are
still long term stay patients who themselves have increased in medical complexity and acuity. Both of these
imperatives have resulted in an increased need for highly trained and committed health care practitioners willing
to provide care on-site to nursing facility residents. Physician involvement in nursing facilities is essential to the
delivery of quality long-term care. Attending physicians should lead the clinical decision-making for patients
under their care. They can provide a high level of knowledge, skill, and experience needed in caring for a
medically complex population in a climate of high public expectations and stringent regulatory requirements.

2. Material-mediated pyrogenicity is not assessed using

A. traditional non biocompatibility extraction method.

B. pyrogenicity test equivalent validated method.

C. material-mediated pyrogenicity testing.

Pyrogenicity

Implants as well as sterile devices having direct or indirect contact with the cardiovascular system, the lymphatic
system, or cerebrospinal fluid and devices labeled as “non-pyrogenic,” should meet pyrogen limit specifications.
Pyrogenicity information is used to help protect patients from the risk of febrile reaction. There are two sources
of pyrogens that should be considered when addressing pyrogenicity. The first, material - mediated pyrogens, are
chemicals that can leach from a medical device during device use. Pyrogens from bacterial endotoxins can also
produce a febrile reaction similar to that mediated by some materials. Material-mediated pyrogenicity testing is
not needed if chemical characterization of the device extract and previous information indicate that all patient-
contacting components have been adequately assessed for pyrogenicity. Otherwise, we recommend that you
assess material-mediated pyrogenicity using traditional biocompatibility extraction methods, using a pyrogenicity
test or an equivalent validated method.

3. What is the purpose of the Staffing Reallocation Plan?

A. reallocate RNs from home unit to another unit to provide needed patient care.

B. balance patient census and care needs with RN competencies and availability.

C. flex RNs who match patient census with patient care needs according to their specialty.

Staffing Reallocation Plan

The Staffing Reallocation policy was revised to ensure a consistent system-wide approach that correlates patient
census and patient care needs with RN competencies and availability. The newly standardized process may
include reallocating RNs from their home unit to another like unit to provide needed patient care. The policy was
reviewed and vetted by nurses at all levels of the organization. A standard icon was created in scheduling and
productivity system to easily identify RNs who sign- up for additional shifts to support patient care needs. This
allows the nursing division to utilize the most cost-effective staffing resources at the appropriate time for the
specific patients requiring care. The Clinical Administrators work collaboratively with the Staffing Resources Office
and nursing leadership to reallocate and/or flex RN staff matching patient census with patient care needs and the
specialty RNs needed to provide care.

4. If a patient request for a assisted death, nurses must

A. explore the reasons and understand them to seem helpful

B. ensure every opportunity to relieve suffering is offered

C. talk to their superior and team for a formal request

Assisted Death
Every question from a patient about assisted death signifies that the patient is, or is worried about, suffering and
is an opening for a dialogue with that individual. It is important for us, as nurses, to explore the reasons for the
request in order to understand what supports might be helpful, and whether the patient has unmet needs.
Whether or not, a nurse is prepared to be involved in any way in assisting someone to die, they remain a part of
the team caring for the patient. Nurses should advocate for their patients, including the pursuit of aggressive
symptom management strategies, to ensure every opportunity to relieve suffering is offered. Nurses should also
understand the process for medical assistance in dying, and their professional role in the process. Any nurse could
be asked by a patient or family member about assisted death. For some, it might be an exploration of options, or
simple information seeking. For others, their questions may indicate intent to pursue an assisted death. Please
talk to your supervisor and team if a patient would like to proceed with a formal request.

5. The policy document tells us that the potential toxicity of a component is evaluated by

A. testing the component exclusively.

B. testing the exposure separately.

C. adequate assessment of the material.

Inclusion of Multiple Components

For devices that include components with different lengths of contact, we recommend that any extract-based
biocompatibility testing be conducted separately. If the components are combined into a single test article, this
will dilute the amount of component materials being presented to the test system and may not accurately
identify potentially toxic agents that would have been found if the components were tested separately. For
example, we recommend testing implants separately from delivery systems or other kit components. For devices
or device components that contain multiple materials with differing surface areas or differing exposure to the
body, if one or more materials is new, it may also be necessary to test the new material components separately
as well, to further understand the potential toxicity of this component. For example, for a catheter-based delivery
system that contains a new balloon material, tests of the delivery system separate from the balloon may be
necessary to ensure adequate assessment of each of the materials.

6. What is being described in this extract?

A. detailed information about medical records.

B. purpose of medical records in patient care.

C. how to avoid errors in medical records

Medical records
Medical records is a broad term, encompassing a range of data and information storage mediums containing
patient information. Whether paper based or electronic, the term “medical records” applies to clinical notes,
investigations, letters from other doctors and healthcare providers, photographs and video footage. However,
information exchanges (such as correspondence, email and file notes of discussions) between a medical
practitioner and their medical indemnity insurer or solicitor should not be stored in the medical record. For this
reason, it is recommended that you keep a separate medico-legal file in which to store these documents. Medical
records are an integral part of good quality patient care. The primary purpose of the medical record is to facilitate
patient care and allow you or another practitioner to continue the management of the patient. Clinical
observations, decision making and treatment recommendations or plans should be recorded contemporaneously.
This reduces the possibility of an error occurring and is an important risk management tool.

Part C

In this part of the test, there are two texts about different aspects of healthcare. For questions 7-22, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Text 1: Good Looks

Paragraph 1
Attempts to find out what makes a person physically attractive date back at least to the Ancient Greeks. Plato
wrote that the ideal face should have a width two-thirds of its length, and that a nose should be no longer than the
distance between the eyes. His theory of 'golden proportions', while not necessarily accepted by researchers
today, nevertheless represented an attempt to define a fundamental preference for symmetry that scientists say is
a highly evolved trait seen in both humans and animals. Human babies, for example, spend more time staring at
pictures of symmetric faces than they do at photos of asymmetric ones. In the bird kingdom, female swallows
prefer males with longer and more symmetric tails, while female zebra finches mate with males with symmetrically
colored leg bands.

Paragraph 2
The rationale behind symmetry preference in both humans and animals is' that symmetric individuals have a
higher mate-value. Scientists also believe that symmetry is equated with a strong immune system. Thus, beauty is
indicative of more robust genes, improving the likelihood that an individual's offspring will survive_ This
evolutionary theory is supported by research showing that standards of attractiveness are similar across cultures.
John Manning of the University of Liverpool does not agree entirely, however, and cautions against such over-
generalization, especially by Western scientists. Darwin thought that there were few universals of physical beauty
because there was much variance in appearance and preference across human groups,' he says.

Paragraph 3
Research overwhelmingly shows that beauty matters. It pervades society, it affects how people choose partners,
and it influences how people are seen and how they see others. One of the chief beneficiaries of this focus on
physical attractiveness is the cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery industry. Once only for the rich and
privileged, cosmetic procedures nowadays are mainstream and affordable . For a fraction of the cost and time
required even a decade ago, practitioners these days can remove wrinkles and blemishes, straighten teeth and
noses, and sculpt bodies into works of art.
Paragraph 4
In most countries, due to the range of procedures available and of practitioners performing them, from plastic
surgeons to cosmetic doctors and dermatologists , statistics for cosmetic surgery are either not collected or not
reliable. In the United States, however, statistics released by the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
show that nearly l l .7 million cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical procedures were performed in 2007. The Aesthetic
Society, which has been collecting multi-specialty procedural statistics since 1997, says the overall number of
cosmetic procedures in the US has increased 457% since the collection of the statistics first began.

Paragraph 5
It is important to bear in mind that there are potential pitfalls , both physical and emotional, associated with this
growing cultural phenomenon. While people have the right to maximize their attractiveness, there is the danger
that, for some, cosmetic medicine may become an unhealthy obsession or be mistaken as the answer to life's
problems. Studies spanning four decades have reported that most people undergoing cosmetic interventions are
satisfied with the result; however, there is a particular subgroup of people who appear to respond poorly to
cosmetic procedures . These are people with the psychiatric condition known as 'body dysmorphic disorder' (BDD),
which is characterized by a preoccupation with an objectively absent or minimal deformity that causes clinically
significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

Paragraph 6
While few methodologically robust studies have been done, some clinicians and researchers have attempted to
evaluate whether improvement in psychosocial wellbeing following cosmetic enhancement can be objectively
verified at all. Overall, studies suggest that those patients who were pleased with the outcome showed
improvements in 'self worth', 'self esteem ', 'distress and shyness' and 'quality of life'. What does appear to be an
important factor in assessments of satisfaction is the patient's expectation of the outcome of the procedure.
Research suggests that the more extensive 'type change' procedures (e.g., rhinoplasty, breast augmentation)
appear to require greater psychological adjustment by the patient than 'restorative ' procedures (e.g., facelift,
botulinum toxin A injection).

Paragraph 7
Given the range of possible reactions to cosmetic procedures, it is important for the practitioner to evaluate the
patient 's motivations for surgery before the procedure is undertaken . First, the individual's attitude towards the
cosmetic problem, and the distress and disability associated with it, should be assessed. Patients should be advised
of what the cosmetic outcome is likely to be and fully informed of potential side effects and complications. It is also
useful to review past cosmetic interventions, including the number of previous procedures and their cosmetic and
psychosocial outcome as perceived by the patient as well as family and friends. The cosmetic specialist should
probably be most concerned about people who have had numerous procedures performed by many practitioners ,
and particularly those who report the outcome of such procedures to have been unsatisfactory.

Text 1: Questions 7-14

7. In the first paragraph, babies are mentioned because they _____

A. prefer faces with symmetric features.

B. have highly evolved symmetric traits.

C. react negatively to asymmetric images.

D. display the same preferences as birds.

8. In the second paragraph, the phrase 'is equated with' indicates that symmetry and immunity are _____

A. linked to each other.

B. equal to each other.

C. dependent on each other.

D. opposite to each other.

9. Which one of the following statements according to John Manning's opinion, is NOT supported by information
given in second paragraph?

A. Western scientists take a Darwinist approach to attractiveness.

B. Darwin's theories go against some current views of attractiveness.

C. Western scientists tend to take a simplistic view of attractiveness.

D. there is no definitive basis for symmetry's role in attractiveness.

10. Scientists believe that humans and animals are instinctively attracted by symmetry in potential partners
_______

A. because they want a good-looking mate.

B. in the interests of survival of the species.

C. to strengthen their own immune systems.

D. because symmetrical bodies are noticeable.

11. The cosmetic surgery industry is popular because _____

A. society is preoccupied with beauty.

B. it is considered an art form.

C. so many people feel unattractive.

D. it promotes wealth and glamour.

12. Aside from the United States, country-specific statistics on cosmetic surgery are unreliable because _____

A. the United States dominates the market.

B. of the number of different professions involved.

C. there are too many instances to count.

D. of the rapid increase in demand.

13. In the fifth paragraph, the phrase 'potential pitfalls' refers to _____

A. life's problems.

B. maximum attractiveness.

C. unhealthy obsessions.

D. dangerous outcomes.

14. Based on the seventh paragraph, the doctor should tell patients about _____

A. the different attitudes of patients to cosmetic surgery.

B. how distress influences the outcome of surgery.

C. what the result might be and what could go wrong.

D. the success rate of his/her previous procedures.

Text 2: Rabbit Calicivirus Disease

David Lord's family arrived in western New South Wales in 1870. The first rabbit plague came 10 years later. In the
1940s rabbits would flock in thousands to waterholes, kicking up storms of dust. In the 1950s they disappeared,
and were thought to be gone. But they came back. Last year Mr. Lord's property, 40 kilometers west of Broken Hill,
had 25,000 warrens and about a million rabbits. Then in early November he found a dead one near his home, and
felt pretty sure his problem was solved. Within a week, 600,000 more were dead. Few carcasses were seen above
ground but the stench was overpowering as the rabbits just crawled into their burrows and died. The killer is rabbit
calicivirus disease (RCD. Transmitted primarily by rabbits themselves, the naturally occurring virus scythes through
populations of the European rabbit yet is not known to infect any other species. Proponents of the virus as a
biological control say it could save up to $1 billion a year in lost primary production and degraded land, as well as
priceless native flora and fauna.

Mr. Lord born in the 1950s, when another imported disease, myxomatosis, killed 99 per cent of the country's
rabbits-calls it "the best thing to happen to inland Australia in 40 years." But it wasn't meant to happen now. The
virus was not due for release for another two years. Its escape from a South Australian testing station in October
severely embarrassed the government and the CSIRO and threatened a nine-year program of testing and hearings
to win public support. As the virus is now out, scientists and farmers want to ensure its effectiveness with a
controlled release in the next two months. Autumn is believed to be the best time for release as young rabbits,
whose underdeveloped immune system makes them less susceptible to the disease, are less common. Yet while
the Minister for Primary Industry, John Anderson, said this week that he favored early release, he doubted
bureaucratic and legislative approvals could be granted in time. In Western Australia a defense coalition against
RCD, including animal rights groups and the fledgling rabbit farming industry, is demanding a public inquiry into the
disease. Any virus is hard to sell.

"We recognized years ago that virus-dread, as we call it, would need to be managed," says Nicholas Newland, the
coordinator of the RCD program. Although the CSIRO never guaranteed it could contain the virus on Wardang
Island, it had taken great precautions to ensure an escape never happened. The calicivirus – so called because
under a microscope its surface resembles a set of inverted chalices –was found in China in 1984. It reached Europe
two years later, killing about 64 million farmed rabbits in two months in Italy alone. Scientists here watched with
interest. Rabbits had developed some immunity to myxomatosis, and no other control had been as successful. The
rabbit count was steadily increasing, to about one-fifth of pre-myxomatosis numbers. In 1991 quarantine
authorities allowed the CSIRO to import the virus. At the Animal Health Laboratory in Geelong. scientists injected
28 species with a virus dose 1000 times greater than one lethal to a rabbit. None of these species which included
dogs, cats, native mammals and birds, were infected.

Testing moved to Wardang Island in 1994. A direct flight transported the virus, packed into containers so secure
that a plane crash would not destroy them. In a scene from science fiction, the quarantine station had an electric
fence, double fenced pens and high security shacks .that required researchers to change cloths three times before
leaving. Rabbits wore radio collar so scientists would know instantly if one had died. Yet the virus escaped-from the
shacks to rabbits elsewhere on the island, then across a four kilometer strait. Researchers blame an insect, perhaps
a fly. Once on the mainland, the virus jumped 380 kilometers almost overnight, probably through insects floating
on air currents. By Christmas it covered one-third of South Australia. In the Flinders Ranges, where 95 per cent of
rabbits are thought to have died, flora such as the bullock bush and mulga tree showed new shoots for the first
time in decades, says Ron Sinclair of the Animal and Plant Control Commission. Since Christmas, perhaps because
of a hot summer and poor conditions for insects, the spread has slowed.

The first sign of the virus in Victoria appeared only recently with dead rabbits near Castlemaine, Maryborough and
Marong. Again, insects on air currents may be responsible. The untimely escape has forced authorities to
concertina an approval process of years into months. In December, two American scientists wrote to Australia's
Biological Control Authority and he then Prime Minister, warning that the calicivirus could jump species barriers.
Dr. Alvin Smith, professor of veterinary medicine at Oregon State University, wrote that if the virus mutated-and it
was far too early to be sure that it wouldn't or it could endanger livestock and even humans. Australian scientists
say there is no evidence the rabbit calicivirus can jump species. Only one virus-feline panleukopaenia, or cat flu-has
been documented to have increased its host range (to dogs), says Tony Robinson, a senior CSIRO virologist. He says
that after 10 years of contact with diseased rabbits in Europe, no human has been infected.
Nevertheless, the debate has bothered Hugh Wirth. "Two lots of scientists are arguing, so the jury is still out," says
the head of the RSPCA. Yet conservation groups such as the Wildlife Preservation Society favor release. "Calicivirus
is a blessing . to all who care for Australia's plants and animals," society president Vincent Serventy has written.
One thing is sure: the virus will not eradicate all rabbits . "We made that mistake with myxomatosis – apathy crept
in," says lan Lobban, spokesman on rabbit control for the Victorian Farmers' Federation. In Canberra, CSIRO
scientists have already begun to try to engineer a new strain of myxomatosis that causes rabbit sterility. In Europe
the rabbit poses a different problem. Worried about the animal's decline because of calicivirus, Spain is stocking a
national park with inoculated rabbits to ensure prey for species such as the lynx and imperial eagle. In its
birthplace, the rabbit is struggling. Here it is not wanted, and has thrived. The effects of the Australian and Spanish
programs are opposite but the intent is the same: to help to balance an unbalanced world.

Text 2: Questions 15-22

15. Australian farmers like David Lord consider the release of the virus to be

A. a dangerous mistake.

B. an embarrassing incident.

C. a fortunate accident.

D. a bureaucratic error.

16. Scientists prefer to release the virus in autumn because

A. there are fewer young rabbits in autumn.

B. rabbits have weaker immune systems in autumn.

C. young rabbits catch the disease more easily in autumn.

D. rabbits are more plentiful in autumn.

17. Official early release of the virus is unlikely because

A. the Minster for Primary Industry supports it.

B. rabbit farmers disagree with animal rights groups.

C. the general public refuses to pay for the program.

D. groups opposing RCD are demanding an inquiry.

18. The number of rabbits in Australia prior to the release of RCD was

A. 20% more than in the period before myxomatosis.

B. 20% less than in the period before myxomatosis.

C. remaining stable.

D. seems to be rising.

19. How did the virus enter Australia?

A. carried by insects.

B. brought by dogs and cats.

C. imported by scientists.

D. found in European rabbits.

20. From the article, we can infer that the virus was being tested on Wardang Island for what reason?

A. to prevent its uncontrolled spread.

B. to eliminate rabbits from the island.

C. to protect the researcher.

D. to keep the tests a secret.

21. Because of the escape of the virus, authorities are trying to:

A. delay the approval process for several months.

B. modify the approval process.

C. speed up the approval process.

D. extend the approval process.

22. Which of the following was not a concern of the American scientists who contacted the Biological Control
Authority ?

A. that humans could catch the disease.

B. that sheep and cattle could die.

C. that insufficient research had been done before the release.

D. that the virus had already mutated.