Pre University Second Year Practical

Possible Viva Questions

Marks :4

ORGANIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS TEST

· Alcohol

¨ Ceric Ammonium Nitrate test

¨ Lucas test

· Phenol

¨ Neutral Ferric Chloride test

¨ Phthalein dye test

· Aldehydes and Ketones

¨ 2,4—DNP test,

¨ Tollen’s reagent test,

¨ Sodium nitroprusside test

· Carboxylic acid

¨ Litmus test,

¨ Sodium bicarbonate test

¨ Esterification test

· Primary amine

¨ Carbylamine test,

¨ Azo dye test (coupling reaction)

 ALCOHOL

Ceric ammonium nitrate test : When organic compound is treated with

ceric ammonium nitrate orange—yellow coloured solution changes to red
coloured solution which indicates the presences of alcoholic group in the
given organic compound.

Lucas Test: When alcohols are treated with Lucas reagent (anhy. ZnCl2
+ conc. HCl), if

Þ Turbidity formed immediately ® Tertiary alcohol

Þ Turbidity formed after 5min ® Secondary alcohol

Þ No Turbidity formed at room temperature ® Primary alcohol

PHENOL

Neutral FeCl3 test: When organic compound is treated with neutral

FeCl3 solution, violet colour solution is obtained indicates the presence of
phenolic—OH in the given compound.

Phthalein dye test for phenol: Organic compound + Phthalic anhydride

+ conc. H2SO4 + heat, pour few drops of the hot solution is NaOH solu-
tion, pink coloured solution is obtained due to formation of phenolphtha-
lein indicator, which confirms the presence of Phenol.

ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

2,4—DNPH test: Organic compound + 2,4—DNPH solution, orange

coloured crystals are precipitated which conforms the presence of
carbonyl group in the given organic compound.

Tollen’s Test or Silver mirror test: Organic compound + Tollen’s

reagent (Ammonical silver nitrate solution) + heat it on a water bath, cool
the reacting mixture, silver mirror is formed at the cooler parts of the test
tube or black precipitate formed.

Sodium nitroprusside test: Organic compound + sodium nitroprusside

solution + NaOH solution which give red coloured solution indicates the
presence of ketonic group in the give organic compound
 CARBOXYLIC ACID

Sodium bicarbonate test: Organic compound + aq. sodium bicar-

bonate, liberate carbon dioxide indicates the presence of carboxylic acid
group i.e., —COOH group.

Litmus paper test: When organic compound is treated with blue litmus
paper, turns into red colour indicates the presence of—COOH group.

Esterification: When organic compound is heated with alcohol in the

presences of conc. H2SO4 and this hot solution is poured in sodium
bicarbonate, a fruity odour is obtained due to formation of ester.
This confirms the presences of carboxylic group in the organic com-
pound.
AMINES

Carbylamines test: When organic compound is heated with chloroform

in the presence of alc. potash, a fowl smell carbylamine compound i.e.,
isocyanide is formed indicates the presence of primary amine group in
the given organic compound.
Azo dye test: When organic compound is treated with aq. NaNO2 and
dil. HCl at 0 to 50C which gives benzene diazonium chloride. To this add
b-napthol in dilute NaOH, orange – red dye is formed indicates the
presence of aromatic primary amine group. Aniline and its derivatives
will answer this test.
NOTE:
Ceric ammonium nitrate test ® Alcoholic group identification test
Lucas Test: Distinguish test between 10, 20, 30 alcohols
Neutral FeCl3 Test: Phenolic group identification test
Phthalic dye test: Confirmatory test for phenol
2,4—DNPH test: Carbonyl group identification test
Tollen’s Test: Confirmatory test for aldehydic group
Sod. nitroprusside test: Confirmatory test for ketonic group
Bicarbonate test: Carboxylic acid group identification test
Esterification: Conformation test for carboxylic acid group.
Carbylamine test: Primary amine group identification test
Azo dye test or diazotization test: Primary aromatic amine group identification
test
 ALCOHOL
® Give the general molecular formula for primary alcohol

CnH2n+1OH

® What are primary alcohols?

—OH group attached to primary carbon atom.

® What are secondary alcohols ?

—OH group attached to secondary carbon atom.

® What are tertiary alcohols ?

—OH group attached to tertiary carbon atom.

® Name the test to identify the presences of alcoholic group?

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate test

® Name the test to distinguish between primary, secondary

and tertiary alcohol?

Lucas Test

® Give the chemical composition of Lucas reagent (or) What is

Lucas reagent.

Anhydrous ZnCl2 + conc. HCl

® Why there is the formation of turbidity when secondary or

tertiary alcohols are reacts with Lucas reagent.

This is due to formation of alkyl chloride which is insoluble in

aqueous solution.
® Which class of alcohols gives turbidity immediately when
reacts with Lucas reagent. Tertiary Alcohols.

® Which class of alcohols gives turbidity after 5 min when

reacts with Lucas reagent. Secondary alcohol

® Which class of alcohols will not gives turbidity at room

temperature when reacts with Lucas reagent.

Primary alcohol.

® Explain Lucas Test.

· This test is used to distinguish between primary, second-

ary and tertiary alcohols.

· When alcohols are treated with Lucas reagent (anhy.

ZnCl2 + conc. HCl) if

Þ Turbidity formed immediately ® Tertiary alcohol

Þ Turbidity formed after 5min ® Secondary alcohol

Þ No Turbidity formed at room temperature

® Primary alcohol

® Explain Ceric ammonium nitrate test.

This is the test used to identify alcoholic group presence in the given
organic compound.

When alcohols are treated with ceric ammonium nitrate i.e., orange—
yellow coloured solution changes to red coloured solution.
 PHENOL
® What are phenols

—OH group directly attached to aromatic ring.

® Name the test used to detect the presences of phenolic—OH

group.
Neutral Ferric Chloride test.

® Name the confirmatory test for phenol

Phthalein dye test

® If the organic compound is treated with neutral FeCl3

solution we get violet colour, then which functional group is
identified.

Phenolic—OH group.

® Among Benzoic acid and Salicylic acid which will give violet
colour when treated with neutral FeCl3 solution.

Salicylic acid gives violet colour due to presence of phenolic—

OH group.

® What happens when phenol is treated with neutral FeCl3

solution

Violet coloured solution is obtained which indicates the

presence of phenolic—OH group.

® Name the compound formed in phthalein dye test for the

phenol. Phenolphthalein

® Why there is formation of pink colour during phthalein dye

test. Due to formation of phenolphthalein.
® Explain phthalein dye test for phenol

Organic compound + Phthalic anhydride + conc. H2SO4 +

heat, pour the hot solution is NaOH solution, pink coloured
solution is obtained, indicates the presence of Phenol.

The pink colour is due to presence of Phenolphthalein indica-

tor.

® Name the test when any organic compound containing

phenolic—OH, gives violet colour.

Neutral Ferric Chloride test

® Name the tests answered by phenol

Neutral ferric chloride test and Phthalein dye test

® Give the reaction involved in phthalein dye test.

® Does phenol give a positive test with sodium bicarbonate.

NO, because phenol is very weak acid.

® Why phenol will not liberate carbon dioxide when treated

with sodium bicarbonate.

Because phenol is very weak acid, and it doesn’t contain

—COOH group in it.
 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
® What is the functional group present in aldehyde.
—CHO group

® What is the functional group present in ketones.

—CO— group.

® Expand 2,4—DNPH.
2,4—dinitrophenyl hydrazine.

® Name the test used to detect the presences of carbonyl group

present in the given organic compound.

2,4—DNPH test

® Give the structure of 2,4—DNP

® Will acetone/acetaldehyde/benzaldehyde will give 2,4—DNPH

test, if so why?
It will give because of the presence of carbonyl group.

® Name the test used to distinguish between aldehyde and

ketone.

Tollen’s test or Fehling’s test and Sodium nitroprusside test

® Give the chemical composition of Tollen’s reagent.

Ammonical silver nitrate solution [Ag(NH3)2]+

® What is the another name for Tollen’s test.

Silver mirror test

® During Tollen’s test which metal is reduced i.e., deposited.

Silver Metal

® What happens to organic compound during Tollen’s test.

Organic compound gets oxidized to corresponding carboxylate

ion. I.e., benzaldehyde to benzoate.
® Explain Tollen’s Test or Silver mirror test.

Organic compound + Tollen’s reagent + heat it on a water

bath, cool the reacting mixture, silver mirror is formed at the
cooler part of the test tube or black precipitate formed.

® Which type of organic compound gives positive test with

Tollen’s regent.
Any organic compound containing aldehyde group ( —CHO).

® Name the test used to identify the presences of ketonic

group.

Sodium nitroprusside test.

® Explain sodium nitroprusside test (or) How do you confirm

the presence of ketonic group in the given organic
compound.
Organic compound + sodium nitroprusside solution + NaOH
solution which give red coloured solution indicates the
presence of ketonic group in the give organic compound.

® How acetone and acetaldehyde is distinguished.

Acetone gives red colour solution when treated with sodium.

nitroprusside.

Acetaldehyde give silver mirror when heated with Tollen’s

reagent.

® Explain 2,4—DNPH test.

Organic compound + 2,4—DNPH solution, orange coloured

crystals are precipitated which confirms carbonyl group in the
given organic compound.

® Does 2,4—DNPH test tells the nature of carbonyl group pre-

sent in the given organic compound.

No
 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
® Give the functional group present in organic acids

—COOH group

® Name the test used to identify the presence of carboxylic

acid group in the given organic compound.

· Sodium bicarbonate test

· Litmus paper test (Changes Blue litmus to Red litmus)

® Name the gas liberated when carboxylic acid is treated with

sodium bicarbonate.
Carbon dioxide.

® Explain sodium bicarbonate test.

Organic compound + aq. sodium bicarbonate, liberate carbon
dioxide indicates the given organic compound contains acid
group i.e., —COOH group.

® Name the compound formed when carboxylic acid is heated

with alcohol in the presence of conc. H2SO4.
Ester (R—COOR’) formed with fruity odour

® Write the chemical equation for esterification

R—COOH + R’—OH + conc. H2SO4 + Heat ® RCOOR’ + H2O

® Explain Esterification.

When carboxylic acid is heated with alcohol in the presences

of conc. H2SO4 and this hot solution is poured in sodium
bicarbonate, a fruity odour is obtained due to formation of
ester.

® Why during esterification the hot reacting solution is

poured in sodium bicarbonate.
This is because, the unreacted acids gets neutralized and
enhances the fruity smell of ester.
® Name the ester formed when acetic acid (ethanoic acid) is
subjected to esterification with methyl alcohol (methanol)
Methyl ethanoate (or) Methyl acetate (CH3COOCH3)

® Name the ester formed when acetic acid (ethanoic acid) is

subjected to esterification with ethyl alcohol (ethanol)

Ethyl ethanoate (or) Ethyl acetate (CH3COOC2H5)

® Name the ester formed when Benzoic acid is subjected to

esterification with methyl alcohol (methanol)

Methyl Benzoate (C6H5COOCH3)

AMINES
® Give the general formula for primary amines

R—NH2 (Aliphatic primary amine) Ex. CH3NH2 (methyl amine)

Ar—NH2 (Aromatic primary amine) Ex. C6H5NH2 (Aniline)

® Give the general formula for secondary and tertiary amines

Secondary Amine ® R2NH

Tertiary Amine ® R3N

® Which amines can be identified by using carbylamines test

Both aliphatic and aromatic primary amines

® Whether aniline gives carbylamines test.

Yes, because of presence of primary amine group.

® What are carbylamines (or) Give the chemical name for

carbylamines.

Carbylamines are isocyanide compounds.

® Explain carbylamines test.

When primary amine is heated with chloroform in the
presence of alc. potash, a fowl smell carbylamine compound
i.e., isocyanide is formed.
® Name the compound formed when methyl amine or aniline is
subjected to carbylamine test.
Methyl amine gives methyl isocyanide
Aniline gives aniline isocyanide

® Give the general chemical reaction for carbylamines test.

RNH2 + CHCl3 + 3KOH(alc) + Heat ® R—N≡ C + 3KCl + 3H2O

® Which type of amines gives azo dye test.

Aromatic primary amine i.e., aniline

® Name the compound formed when aniline is subjected to

diazotization reaction.

Benzene diazonium chloride.

® Name the compound formed when methyl amine is subjected

to diazotization reaction

Methyl alcohol

® Explain azo dye test.

When organic compound is treated with aq. NaNO2 and dil.
HCl at 0 to 50C. Add b - napthol in dilute NaOH, we get
orange red dye indicates the presence of aromatic primary
amine i.e., aniline.

® What type of reaction between azo dye with b - napthol.

Coupling reaction.

® Which coloured dye is formed when aniline is subjected to

dye azo dye test with b - napthol.

Orange—red dye