SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

Grade Evaluation System

______________________________________________________________________
___
The Project Study Presented to
The faculty of
South East Asian Institute of Technology
College of Information and Communication Technology
______________________________________________________________________
_____

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the subject
IT 323: System Integration and Architecture 1

By:

Curt Ng

Den Martin Villafranca V.

Benji Ceasar Wong

Sioting ChesterWilliam D.

October 2022
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, we express our grateful gratitude to our Almighty God for

protection, for giving us a strength every day for guidance and good health, for the

graces, blessings and knowledge that help us in making the project possible.

To our family especially to our parents, thank you for providing our needs financially

and moral support.

To our classmates and friends, we appreciate the laughter, support and generosity

that you continually show that provides to us the inspiration in pursuing this study.

To the South East Asia Institution of Technology (SEAIT) thank you for allowing us

to conduct our research study.

To our subject instructor, Ms. Melissa Zolina, thank you so much for your patience,

understanding, for sharing your wisdom and providing us necessary technical

suggestion and very constructive criticism that have helped us during our research

project.

To the panel of examiners of this thesis for giving us advice, suggestion’s, positive

thoughts and positive feedback in order to make this project a very successful one.
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

For everyone who was not mentioned but had been part of this research, thank you so

much for all your support and help and God bless us all!

DEDICATION

The researchers would like to dedicate this study to the Almighty God for giving

strength to overcome pressure while doing their project, to their beloved families and

friends, for without them they wouldn’t be in this endeavor; and to our Alma Mater the

South East Asian Institute of technology, Inc. This work is fruit of countless and arduous

sacrifices. Through the researcher’s effort, this work is heartly and proudly dedicated to

the people who serve as an inspiration. From parents and guardians to classmates and

friends whom extended their help in the midst of problem while doing this work.
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

The Grade Evaluation system will be a great help to the Cict office in a way that it can

lessen work of Teachers. These also gives improvement for the current processes in

their system. This system has an upload so that it is easy to give the grade to the

registrar and it can download a file for the subject loads of Cict students. This system

can help to reduce of their work by printing a subject load and also by organize the pass

and failed students. The benefits of having this Grade Evaluation system are will easy to

make the grades of Cict students and make their subject load, also it is easy to organize

who is passed and who is failed and it should be implemented to the Seait to help the

Cict office and employee to have a more effective task result. It helps to save and

secure all data that has been encoded to the system. To be more specific, it will lessen

the job when distributing grades or subject load, and other important details that is

needed, considering that this system has provided the form for the details that is

needed to be filled. This system also has a straightforward user interface and is made to

be practical and simple to use. As a result, Teachers will have an easier time filing

reports for pupils receiving a Cict grade. It also brings help to the students for faster

transaction when getting the grades and subject load that they need. This system can

also be used for those school who wanted to have some improvements in their

distributing grades and subject load processes. The proposed system will be able to
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

register users or employee that is allowed to use the system. This study can be defined

as simple and convenient for the students as well as to the Cict office of the school

when it comes to managing distributing grades and subject load transactions.

The benefits of having this Grading System are it will make the Cict office to be

more organized in terms of distributing the grades and subject load. It helps to save and

secure all data that has been encoded to the system. This is also a system that has a

simple interface and it is designed to be easy to use and convenient.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The researcher aims to study and develop a Grades and Subject load monitoring

System for the South East Asia Institution Technology.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To create a subject load of a Cict students;

 to be able to create a grade only for Cict students;

 to be able to view the grades of the Cict students;

 to be able to Select a domain for a student and teacher;

 to be able to upload a file for the subject load of cict students;

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Scope of the study

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

The scope of the proposed system involves only in South East Asia Institution of

Technology (SEAIT) This study will be able to perform the following functions:

 Register users into the system.

 Sign in User into the system

 Upload subject loads

 Select subjects

Limitation of the study

The proposed system is applicable online. It is only designed for online use and

with the help a computer device, therefore any transactions online are possible.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to help the process of submitting grades in the Registrar’s Office

and improve the system to provide fast and easy ways for the students and teachers of

name of school to manage the student grades.

Professors - Professors would be able to record and compute for the grades of their

students faster thereby lessening their workload.

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

Students - With the grade viewing feature of the study, the students can now view their

grades online.

Researchers- This study will serve as an experience for the researchers to gain and

improve their current skills in developing a Grade Evaluation System using Mobile

Application. This will also help the researcher to prepare for their future jobs as they

already have experience and knowledge about how to develop the said system.

Future Researcher -This Online Grading and Grade Viewing System may serve as a
reference for the future researchers for the improvement of the system in the near
future. This study will serve as training for the proponents, to enhance their skills in web
development. 

FLOW OF THE STUDY

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Register user Store user info into Display registered user

database

Student grades Display grades of student

Observation
Display of subject loads of

studentsDisplay of the file

Subject load

Store subject load of

students

Upload the grade of

Store the file of grades
student
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Grades – a measure of the quality of a student's performance, usually represented by

the letters.

 Subject load – item all list of subjects.

 SEAIT – South East Asia Institution of Technology Inc.

 Cict – College of information and communication technology

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains the review of related literature of the proposed system

which also consists of related studies. For further understanding of the study, the

researchers made use of the different reading materials related to the proposed system.

The materials are books, thesis, and other related website articles in addition to the

knowledge of the researchers. These also guided the researchers to achieve the target

objectives by getting ideas on other similar studies and make improvements as

possible.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN LITERATURE
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

Grading System

According to Janice (2020) Grading systems vary from country to country and

state to state. They can even vary within a state, depending on whether a school is

public, charter, private, or homeschool. Here is an overview of the most common

methods of providing grades in the United States. The most commonly used grading

system in the U.S. uses discrete evaluation in the form of letter grades. Many schools

use a GPA (grade-point average) system in combination with letter grades. There are

also many other systems in place. Some schools use a numerical scale of 100 instead

of letter grades. Others, including many Montessori schools, eliminate discrete

evaluation in favor of pure discursive evaluation. Since there is no standardized system

of grading in the United States, the decision of how-to grade is left up to individual

schools, universities, and the regulatory authority of the individual states. At most

schools, colleges and universities in the United States, letter grades follow a five-point

system, using the letters A, B, C, D and E/F, with A indicating excellent, C indicating

average and F indicating failing. Additionally, most schools calculate a student's grade

point average (GPA) by assigning each letter grade a number and averaging those

numerical values.

Deficiencies of Traditional Grading Systems and Recommendations for the

Future

According to jeff,Melissa,Frank and Adam (2021) Traditional tiered grading

systems (ie, A, B, C, etc) have historically been a major component of the formal

educational process. The way grades are used and interpreted are typically based on
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

some commonly held assumptions, including that they are accurate measures of

learning, that they motivate students to learn, and that they provide feedback to

learners. However, much of the research regarding grades indicates that flaws exist in

these assumptions. Grades may not always accurately measure learning, they can have

adverse effects on student motivation, and they are not a good form of feedback. The

Academy should consider the evidence regarding the purpose, effects, and

interpretation of grades in the educational process. Despite barriers and potential

pushback, pharmacy educators should revise grading practices to be more accurate,

interpretable, and beneficial to learner development.

Students Grade Satisfaction Influence Evaluations of Teaching: Evidence from

Individual-Level Data and Experimental Intervention

According to Vladimir, Brandon, Joyce & Alan (2022) Student surveys are widely used to

evaluate university teaching and increasingly adopted at the K-12 level, although there

remains considerable debate about what they measure. Much disagreement focuses on

the well-documented correlation between student grades and their evaluations of

instructors. Using individual-level data from 19,000 evaluations of 700 course sections

at a flagship public university, we leverage both within-course and within-student

variation to rule out popular explanations for this correlation. Specifically, we show that

the relationship cannot be explained by instructional quality, workload, grading

stringency, or student sorting into courses. Instead, student grade satisfaction --

regardless of the underlying cause of the grades -- appears to be an important driver of

course evaluations. We also present results from a randomized intervention with

potential to reduce the magnitude of the association by reminding students to focus on

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

relevant teaching and learning considerations and by increasing the salience of the

stakes attached to evaluations for instructor careers. However, these prove ineffective

in muting the relationship between grades and student scores.

LOCAL LITERATURE
An Analysis of Grades, Class Level and Faculty Evaluation Scores in the United

Arab Emirates

According to Lee (2016) This study examined the results of a student evaluation

of faculty against the grades awarded and the level of the course for a higher education

institution in the United Arab Emirates. The purpose of the study was to determine if the

grades awarded in the course and/or level of the course impacted the evaluation scores

awarded to the faculty member. The study utilized a 25-question student perception

survey coupling course results with the overall course grade point average (GPA) and

the course level. All courses were undergraduate. Descriptive for the responses were

obtained prior to conducting a factor analysis for the purposes of dimension reduction.

The

analysis included 184 course pairings. The data set was examined to verify satisfaction

of assumptions appropriate for factor analysis. Reliability analysis yielded a Cronbach’s

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

alpha of 0.974. The factor analysis identified three underlying factors accounting for

80.07% of the variance. These three factors were identified as (1) overall perception of

instruction, (2) the relationship of the grade and course level and (3) course

management. Results of the study did not indicate that the grades given in a class nor

the level of the course significantly affected the evaluations provided by the students.

Grades and the level of the course were found to align. Student achievement in the

course was also found to relate to the student’s perception of fair treatment by

the faculty member.

The Development of Online Grading System for ICT Department of Best link

College of the Philippines by ICT Students

According to Glazle, Daniella, Lesly, Reyna & Adrian (2019) The Development of Online

Grading System for ICT Department of Bestlink College of the Philippines was

conducted to examine the issues related to the logistical problems associated with

collecting, grading, and distributing of grades of ICT senior high. This system design to

benefit teachers, faculty members, students and future researchers to create a system

that is reliable, time-efficient and reduced the potential human error in computing grades

in different subjects. A comparatively fast access of information of grades that helps the

students, parents and teachers to minimize the time consumed in submitting and

viewing the grades of the student rather when using the existing system. The

proponents used the system development life cycle in developing the project. First, the

proponents held system planning by using the SMART approach. Second, they

analyzed the requirements by determining the needs or conditions necessary for

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

alternative grading system. Next, the proponents designed a system that satisfies the

conditions using various system design tools such as site map, ERD and DFD. After

system design, the proponents build the system by ensuring that the design was

followed and meets the requirement of the proposed system. Lastly, the proponents test

the system on its accuracy, consistency and reliability by tweaking some parts if

necessary. The proposed system features a login page where users can input their

credentials. If the login is successful, the user will be brought to home or main page

which displays the vision and mission of the school. The main page is linked to four

other pages namely; registration, record, grading and viewing. In the registration page,

user setup his/her account by filling up necessary information. The record page contains

the database of the students. The grading page enables the user to compute the grades

of the students. The viewing page displays the final grades of the students. The

proposed online grading system has the following attributes; it secures the system from

unauthorized user, it allows the user to accurately compute the grades of the students, it

enables the user to easily input the grades of the students, it reduce the time in

evaluating students’ performance and it displays the final grades of the students.

Grading System for Caloocan North Elementary School

According to Rodel (2020) Technology is widely used in our generation; it makes our life

easy and reduces the working time. Technology is important in our era because it is

commonly used in any country and can be used by everyone. Thus, the researchers

created a computerized grading system that enhances the capability of Microsoft Excel

that the teachers in Caloocan North Elementary School are currently using. The

computerized grading system had features that Microsoft Excel also have, but
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

developers enhanced these features and added login form, login history, audit trail, and

registration form for new users. The proposed grading system for Caloocan North

Elementary School had a user-friendly interface and main form. The researchers used

the systems development life cycle (SDLC) method in developing the computerized

grading system for Caloocan North Elementary School. SDLC waterfall method helped

the researchers in data gathering, interviewing, making their GUI, and designing. SDLC

is a system that ensures the quality and correctness of the software built. SDLC

waterfall method is more useful because it has the idea that users can easily

understand. This method can explain the methods step by step and is direct to the

point. The computerized grading system that the developers created had features that

their current the system did not have, such as the login form, which can secure data and

avoid unauthorized access to the system. Developers also added an audit trail that can

monitor the user’s activity in the system; it can monitor the login time-in and time-out.

The system also had a registration form to facilitate creating accounts for new users that

can use the system. However, to create another account, the admin or moderator of the

user should permit to monitor the new user. The researchers upgraded their current

system to be more secure and accurate. Our computerized grading system had a user-

friendly interface and is easy to use. New users will attend seminars and orientation to

use the system properly and guide them to their new platform of computing the grades

of the students. This system improved the grading system because developers added

new features that made it more convenient.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

FOREIGN STUDIES
The management of inventories and inventory management system in a small

retail enterprise

According to Patel, Akshitkumar and Harnett, Denise (2018) the study deals with

inventory management and inventory management systems in small retail enterprises.

The primary aim of this research was to find out issues regarding inventory

management and inventory management systems in the small retail business at

Evergreen Dairy and Spices. In New Zealand, 97 percent of businesses are small to

medium enterprises, and SMEs play an important role in the economy of New Zealand.

Inventory management has a tremendous influence on small retail businesses. Data for

this research was collected from small retail shops which mainly deal with grocery

products. All primary data were gathered using qualitative methods by conducting semi-

structured interviews. From analyzing the collected data, I found many loopholes in the

organisation's inventory management system. The evidence shows that the

organization did not use a proven scientific method to manage inventory in the store.

The data gathered points to this business facing issues related to turnover of inventory.

Based on the findings, suitable suggestions are made for the organization to improve

inventory management and stock control in the business. The suggestions may not

apply to all small retail enterprises.

A study of retail hypermarket warehouse inventory management in Malaysia

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

According to Vatumalae Vellian, et al. (2022) The objective of this article was to

explore a retailer's warehousing inventory accuracy in Malaysia and improve its

Warehouse Management System. A qualitative research approach was used to conduct

an in-depth case study of two retail hypermarket warehouse operations in Malaysia,

which provided data on logistics services. Many retailers made significant investment to

improve the inventory accuracy and customized their value proposition to better meet

the requirements of the customers. As a result, the role of warehouses has transitioned

into managing the stock management between the end-to-end supply chain and retail

business. Due to the highly competitive scenario in Malaysia, the retailers are

continuously forced to improve inventory accuracy, with a warehouse management

system- based application, to smoothen the tracking of inventory management. The

findings of this study have major implications for academicians and the warehouse

industry practitioners in terms of strengthening their understanding of the theories,

practices, and solutions for obtaining optimal inventory accuracy. Future research could

take up a quantitative study, to examine the relationship between warehouse

management system and warehouse operational performance.

Spare Parts Inventory Management

According to Shuai Zhang, et al. (2021) spare parts are held as inventory to

support product maintenance in order to reduce downtime and extend the lifetime of
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

products. Recently, spare parts inventory management has been attracting more

attention due to

the “right-to-repair” movement which requires that manufacturers provide sufficient

spare parts throughout the life-cyle of their products to reduce waste so as to achieve

sustainability. In this review, 148 papers regarding spare parts inventory management

published from 2010 to 2020 are examined. The studies are classified based on two

groups of perspectives. The first group includes the characteristics of spare parts,

products, inventory systems, and supply chains, while the second group focuses on the

characteristics of research methodologies and topics in the reviewed studies. The

novelty of this literature review is three-fold. Firstly, we focus on analyzing the supply

chain structure of different inventory networks for managing spare parts. Secondly, we

classify the current literature based on analytics techniques, i.e., descriptive analytics,

predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics. Finally, the research gaps in this field are

discussed from the perspective of reverse logistics, consumer durable goods, inventory

network structure and policy, spare parts demand pattern modeling, and big data

analytics.

To clearly present the developing trend of spare parts inventory management

research, the reviewed studies are grouped according to the publication year.

Afterwards, the number of studies in each year is aggregated and chronically illustrated

in Figure 3. From the figure, we can see that studies on spare parts inventory

management have experienced steady growth in the last decade. This trend clearly

indicates an increasing interest in this field. In the following section, research gaps are
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

identified and corresponding extensions are proposed for researchers who intend to

conduct further research in this area.

LOCAL STUDIES
Hardware Control and Monitoring System Improvement Using Integrated
Technologies

According to Grace Lorraine Intal, et al. (2019) the paper presents the results of the

study conducted to a semiconductor company which aimed to establish a conceptual

design of monitoring and control system for Hardware Control Room (HCR) to address

the issues on floating hardware and inventory variances. ‘Floating’ is the state where

the actual location and status of the items are currently undetermined. Interviews and

observations with the key personnel were conducted to determine issues in the current

inventory processes. Based on the data gathered, contactor is the type of hardware

which has the highest floating rate thus, it was used to represent all other fixtures during

the observations and analysis of the processes. Moreover, evaluation of the existing

Hardware Maintenance System (HMS) was made to know if the functionalities of the

system are still performing well. Upon analysis, possible solutions to the problem were

identified such as employing RFID technology to track the movement of the fixture,

optimize the use of present Indala proximity card and enhancement on some processes

in the automated system (HMS), which currently utilizing barcode system. These

recommendations intend to reduce if not eliminate those floating hardware.

The proposed improvements may reduce if not eliminate issues on missing contactors

due to the following reasons:

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

 Easy monitoring of items per Assignee

 Prevention of non-authorized employees to get the fixtures without permission.
 Proper turn-over of items during change in shifts

 Return of items on designated schedule

Moreover, the problems on inventory variances can also be addressed by periodic

count using RFID technology.

A system study on the warehouse and inventory management of Pepsi-Cola

Products Philippines, Inc.
According to Cruz-am, F., et al. (2017) system study was conducted on the

warehouse and inventory management of Pepsi Cola Products Philippines, Inc. PCPPI

is a company that manufactures, sells, and distributes soft drinks in the Philippines. The

study focuses on the inbound and outbound operations, warehousing, and inventory

system of the three warehouses in Muntinlupa. The data used in this study is from

January - December 2016. Based on the company's specific goals and key performance

indicators, the warehouses were evaluated to determine its strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats. After which, a WOT-SURG analysis was conducted to

determine the problem with the highest priority. It was determined that PCPPI's problem

is the average order fill rate for modern trade operations in 2016 is 73.44%, which

deviates from the target by 16.56%, incurring an opportunity cost of Php26,226,992.49.

The causes of the problems were identified using the why analysis. It was found

tha the root causes of the problem were delivery time being affected by truck ban and

traffic, 15% of the products stored were slow moving, wrong product placement, and

wrong recorded product quantity. Possible solutions to reduce opportunity lost were
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

generated and assessed through a Kepner-Tregoe decision analysis, after which six

alternatives were chosen. Alternative solutions incorporated in the proposed system

included renting additional 8-bay Hino FGIJ trucks, standardizing truck delivery

scheduling and routing, restructuring, stock placement to suit retail habits of the modern

trade operations, introducing a monthly forecasting function in the warehouse, creating

a product placement form for forklift operators and implementing inventory updates

every shift and improve inventory visibility by using a web-based spreadsheet.

Each solution was discussed in the proposed system with the objective to reduce

opportunity loss of the warehouse and reach the order fill rate of 90%. With the

implementation of the proposed solutions, the number of delivered pallets per day was

increased by 93%, therefore reaching the standard order fill rate of 90%. Furthermore,

the company is expected to reduce its opportunity loss by Ph17,039,680 as this is the

expected profit the company gains with the implementation of the proposed system.

Payback period of the proposed system is also expected after 0.5 days.

Analysis of Inventory Management Systems of Selected Small-Sized Restaurants

in Quezon Province: Basis for an Inventory System Manual
According to Baylen, L. N. L.(2020) the study aimed to determine the

effectiveness of the inventory management system which caused the decrease in profit

of the randomly selected small sized restaurants in the four districts of Quezon

province, to provide suggestions and solutions to the problem that they encounter in

their day-to-day operations. This descriptive research used quantitative and qualitative

approaches in gathering data. A survey was conducted among restaurant employees

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

while an interview was done among restaurant owners. Weighted mean, frequency and

percentage were utilized in the analysis and interpretation of gathered data.

After evaluating the findings gathered, the following conclusions are drawn:1-Most of

the employees of the small-sized restaurants in Quezon Province were in the middle

age; majority was male, single, and high school graduate or college undergraduate.

Most of the have a capitalization of not more than 15 million pesos. All are located

in the busy area in the municipality on a property owned by the restaurant owner.

Most have a maximum capacity of 150 persons. Regular employees are six to ten

personnel. Most cater Filipino foods. Most of the restaurants can be considered new

in the business.2-Most selected small-sized restaurants in Quezon Province use the

FIFO or First in First Out method in inventory management. Others practice the JIT

or just-in-time theory where supplies like ingredients for a special menu will be

ordered only when needed. These supplies are not always seen in the stockroom

due to the rarity of usage.3-Problems encountered on inventory management by

selected small-sized restaurants in Quezon Province were: the chef dictating

what to buy resulting to overstock of inventory; large volume of meat/fish and

vegetable purchased in advance; prices of food not being reasonable; food and

beverage inventory levels not being counted (diningarea); and huge vegetable

spoilage.4-Perceived impact of the problems on inventory management of the

selected small-sized restaurants in Quezon Province are overstock of inventory

affecting the cash flow; distortion of the financial position of the restaurant; prices of
SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

food in the restaurant not being reasonable; food and inventory levels not

accounted for in the dining area resulting to decrease in profit; huge amount of

vegetable

spoilage.5-Majority of the small-sized restaurant owners in Quezon Province have

their inventory management done by the owner of the restaurant using the FIFO

method. Physical inventory count is done daily on certain items like canned goods,

bottled water, soft drink, and canned juice to minimize theft and anomalies. All other

inventory counts could be done weekly.

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, 9505
South Cotabato, Philippines

References:
A.M.S.J.Atapaththu(2017).HardwareManagementInformationSystem.dl.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk/
jspui/bitstream/123456789/4085/1/Hardware%20Management%20%20Information%20System-
14550044.pdf

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