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IB Math Mid-term (short)1 [104
marks]
x+3
The functions f and g are defined such that f (x) = 4
and g (x) = 8x + 5.
1a. Show that (g ∘ f) (x) = 2x + 11. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to form composition M1
correct substitution g ( x+3

4
) = 8 ( x+3
4
)+5 A1
(g ∘ f) (x) = 2x + 11 AG
[2 marks]
1b. Given that (g ∘ f)−1 (a) = 4, find the value of a. [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute 4 (seen anywhere) (M1)
correct equation a = 2 × 4 + 11 (A1)
a = 19 A1
[3 marks]
2. The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete [6 marks]
random variable X where x = 1, 2, 3, 4.
Find the value of k, justifying your answer.

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
uses ∑ P(X = x)(= 1) (M1)
k2 +(7k + 2)+(−2k)+(3k2 )(= 1)
4k2 + 5k + 1(= 0) A1
EITHER
attempts to factorize their quadratic M1
(k + 1)(4k + 1)= 0
OR
attempts use of the quadratic formula on their equation M1
−5±√52−4 ( 4 ) ( 1 )
k= 8
(= −5±3
8
)
THEN
k = −1, − 14 A1
k = −1 as this value leads to invalid probabilities, for example,
rejects
P(X = 2)= −5 < 0 R1
so k = − 14 A1
Note: Award R0A1 if k = − 14 is stated without a valid reason given for
rejecting k = −1.
[6 marks]
∈R ( )= −2
f and g are defined for x ∈ R by f(x)= x − 2 and
3. The functions [6 marks]
g(x)= ax + b, where a, b ∈ R.
Given that (f ∘ g)(2)= −3 and (g ∘ f)(1)= 5, find the value of a and the value of
b.
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
(f ∘ g)(x)= ax + b − 2 (M1)
(f ∘ g)(2)= −3 ⇒ 2a + b − 2 = −3(2a + b = −1) A1
(g ∘ f)(x)= a(x − 2)+b (M1)
(g ∘ f)(1)= 5 ⇒ −a + b = 5 A1
a valid attempt to solve their two linear equations for a and b M1
so a = −2 and b = 3 A1
[6 marks]
The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 3.
Points A, P and B lie on the circumference of the circle.

Chord [AB] has length L and AÔB = θ radians.
4a. Show that arc APB has length 6π − 3θ. [2 marks]

Markscheme
formal exam papers.
EITHER
uses the arc length formula (M1)
arc length is 3(2π − θ) A1
OR
length of arc AB is 3θ A1
the sum of the lengths of arc AB and arc APB is 6π A1
THEN
so arc APB has length 6π − 3θ AG
[2 marks]
4b. Show that L = √18 − 18 cos θ. [2 marks]
Markscheme
uses the cosine rule (M1)
L2 = 32 + 32 − 2(3)(3) cos θ A1
so L = √18 − 18 cos θ AG
[2 marks]
APB [AB]
4c. Arc APB is twice the length of chord [AB] . [3 marks]
Find the value of θ.
Markscheme
6π − 3θ = 2√18 − 18 cos θ A1
attempts to solve for θ (M1)
θ = 2. 49 A1
[3 marks]
2 R
5. The quadratic equation (k − 1)x2 + 2x +(2k − 3)= 0, where k ∈ R, has [5 marks]
real distinct roots.
Find the range of possible values for k.
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
attempts to find an expression for the discriminant, Δ , in terms of k (M1)
Δ = 4 − 4(k − 1)(2k − 3)(= −8k2 + 20k − 8) (A1)
−2±√4−4 ( k−1 ) ( 2k−3 )
Note: Award M1A1 for finding x= 2 ( k−1 )
.
attempts to solve Δ > 0 for k (M1)

Note: Award M1 for attempting to solve Δ = 0 for k.
1
2 < k < 2 A1A1
Note: Award A1 for obtaining critical values k = 12 , 2 and A1 for correct
inequality signs.
[5 marks]
Consider the curves y = x2 sin x and y = −1 − √1 + 4(x + 2)2 for −π ≤ x ≤ 0.
6a. Find the x-coordinates of the points of intersection of the two curves. [3 marks]
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
attempts to solve x2 sin x = −1 − √1 + 4(x + 2)2 (M1)

x = −2. 76, −1. 54 A1A1
Note: Award A1A0 if additional solutions outside the domain are given.
[3 marks]
6b. Find the area, A, of the region enclosed by the two curves. [4 marks]
Markscheme
−1.537…
∫
A= −2.762… (−1 − √1 + 4(x + 2)2 − x2 sin x) dx (or equivalent) (M1)
(A1)
Note: Award M1 for attempting to form an integrand involving “top curve” −
“bottom curve”.
so A = 1. 47 A2
[4 marks]
Consider the points A(−2, 20), B(4, 6) and C(−14, 12). The line L passes
through the point A and is perpendicular to [BC].
7a. Find the equation of L. [3 marks]

Markscheme
12−6
mBC = −14−4
(= − 13 ) (A1)
−1
finding mL = mBC
using their mBC (M1)
mL = 3
y − 20 = 3(x + 2), y = 3x + 26 A1
Note: Do not accept L = 3x + 26
[3 marks]
7b. The lineL passes through the point (k, 2). [2 marks]
Find the value of k.
Markscheme
substituting (k, 2) into their L (M1)
2 − 20 = 3(k + 2) OR 2 = 3k + 26
k = −8 A1
[2 marks]
( )
Consider the functions f(x) = √3 sin x + cos x where 0 ≤ x ≤ π and g(x) = 2x
where x ∈ R.
8a. Find (f ∘ g)(x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
(f ∘ g)(x) = f(2x) (A1)
f(2x)= √3 sin 2x + cos 2x A1
[2 marks]
( ∘ )( ) = 2 cos 2 0≤ ≤
8b. Solve the equation (f ∘ g)(x) = 2 cos 2x where 0 ≤ x ≤ π. [5 marks]
Markscheme
√3 sin 2x + cos 2x = 2 cos 2x
√3 sin 2x = cos 2x
recognising to use tan or cot M1
1
tan 2x = OR cot 2x = √3 (values may be seen in right triangle)
√3
(A1)
(arctan( 1
)=) π6 (seen anywhere) (accept degrees) (A1)
√3
2x = π
6
, 76π
π 7π
x= 12 , 12 A1A1
Note: Do not award the final A1 if any additional solutions are seen.
Award A1A0 for correct answers in degrees.
Award A0A0 for correct answers in degrees with additional values.
[5 marks]
The following table shows values of f(x) and g(x) for different values of x.
Both f and g are one-to-one functions.
9a. Find g(0). [1 mark]

Markscheme
g(0) = −2 A1
[1 mark]
9b. Find (f ∘ g)(0). [2 marks]
Markscheme
evidence of using composite function (M1)
f(g(0)) OR f(−2)
(f ∘ g)(0) = 8 A1
[2 marks]
( )=0
9c. Find the value of x such that f(x) = 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
x=3 A2
[2 marks]
2x−1
A function f is defined by f(x)= x+1
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1.
The graph of y = f(x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.
10a. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]
Markscheme
x = −1 A1
[1 mark]
10b. Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1 mark]
Markscheme
y=2 A1
[1 mark]
10c. On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y = f(x). [3 marks]
On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any points
of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with

two correctly positioned asymptotes and asymptotic behaviour shown A1
Note: The equations of the asymptotes are not required on the graph
provided there is a clear indication of asymptotic behaviour at x = −1 and
y = 2 (or at their FT asymptotes from part (a)).
axes intercepts clearly shown at x = 12 and y = −1 A1A1
[3 marks]
2 −1
10d. Hence, solve the inequality 2x−1 [1 mark]
0< x+1
< 2.
Markscheme
1
x> 2 A1
Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 12 , ∞) and

] 12 , ∞[.
[1 mark]
7
Consider the binomial expansion (x + 1) = x7 + ax6 + bx5 + 35x4 + … + 1
where x ≠ 0 and a, b ∈ Z+ .
11a. Show that b = 21. [2 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
recognises the required term (or coefficient) in the expansion (M1)
bx5 = 7C2 x5 12 OR b = 7C2 OR 7C5
b= 7!
2!5!
(= 7!
2! ( 7−2 ) !
)
correct working A1
7×6×5×4×3×2×1 7×6 42
2×1×5×4×3×2×1
OR 2!
OR 2
OR
lists terms from row 7 of Pascal’s triangle (M1)
1, 7, 21, … A1
THEN
b = 21 AG
[2 marks]
11b. The third term in the expansion is the mean of the second term and the [5 marks]
fourth term in the expansion.
Find the possible values of x.
Markscheme
a=7 (A1)
correct equation A1
6+35 4 7x6+35x4
21x5 = ax
2
x
OR 21x5 = 2
correct quadratic equation A1
7x2 − 42x + 35 = 0 OR x2 − 6x + 5 = 0 (or equivalent)
valid attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)
6±√ ( −6 ) 2−4 ( 1 ) ( 5 )
(x − 1)(x − 5)= 0 OR x = 2(1)
x = 1, x = 5 A1
Note: Award final A0 for obtaining x = 0, x = 1, x = 5.
[5 marks]
12a. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]
Markscheme
x = −1 A1
[1 mark]
12b. Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [1 mark]
Markscheme
y=2 A1
[1 mark]
12c. On the set of axes below, sketch the graph of y = f(x). [3 marks]
On your sketch, clearly indicate the asymptotes and the position of any points
of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with

two correctly positioned asymptotes and asymptotic behaviour shown A1
axes intercepts clearly shown at x = 12 and y = −1 A1A1
[3 marks]
12d. Hence, solve the inequality 2x−1 [1 mark]

0< x+1
< 2.
Markscheme
1
x> 2 A1
Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 12 , ∞) and

] 12 , ∞[.
[1 mark]
12e. 2 | x | −1 [2 marks]
Solve the inequality 0< | x | +1
< 2.
Markscheme
EITHER
2 | x | −1
attempts to sketch y= | x | +1
(M1)
OR
attempts to solve 2|x|−1 = 0 (M1)
1
Note: Award the (M1) if x= 2 and x = − 12 are identified.
THEN
x < − 12 or x > 1
2 A1
Note: Accept the use of a comma. Condone the use of ‘and’. Accept
correct alternative notation.
[2 marks]
( )= √1 − 2 −1 ≤ ≤1
A function f is defined by f(x)= x√1 − x2 where −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.
The graph of y = f(x) is shown below.
13a. Show that f is an odd function. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempts to replace x with −x M1
f(−x)= −x√1 − (−x)2
= −x√1 − (−x)2 (= −f(x)) A1
Note: Award M1A1 for an attempt to calculate both f(−x) and −f(−x)
independently, showing that they are equal.
Note: Award M1A0 for a graphical approach including evidence that either
the graph is invariant after rotation by 180° about the origin or the graph
is invariant after a reflection in the y-axis and then in the x-axis (or
vice versa).
so f is an odd function AG
[2 marks]
≤ ≤ , ∈R
13b. The range off is a ≤ y ≤ b, where a, b ∈ R. [6 marks]
Find the value of a and the value of b .
Markscheme
attempts both product rule and chain rule differentiation to find f'(x) M1
− 12 1
f'(x)= x × 1
2 ×(−2x)×(1 − 2
x) + (1 − x2 ) 2 × 1 (= √1 − x2 − x2
)
√ 1−x2
A1
1−2x2
=
√ 1−x2
sets their f'(x)= 0 M1
1
⇒x=± A1
√2
attempts to find at least one of f(± 1 ) (M1)

√2
Note: Award M1 for an attempt to evaluate f(x) at least at one of their

f'(x)= 0 roots.
a = − 12 and b = 1
2 A1
Note: Award A1 for − 12 ≤ y ≤ 12 .
[6 marks]
14. A continuous random variable X has the probability density function [6 marks]
⎧
⎪
2
⎪ ( b−a ) ( c−a )
(x − a), a ≤ x ≤ c
f(x)=⎨ 2
⎪
(b − x), c<x≤b.
⎩
⎪
( b− a ) ( b− c )
0, otherwise
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f(x) for a ≤ x ≤ b.
a+b
Given that c≥ 2 , find an expression for the median of X in terms of a, b and c.
Markscheme
let m be the median
EITHER
attempts to find the area of the required triangle M1
base is (m − a) (A1)
2
and height is
( b−a ) ( c−a )
(m − a)
(m − a) (= )
( m−a ) 2
area = 12 (m − a)× 2
( b−a ) ( c−a ) ( b−a ) ( c−a )
A1
OR
attempts to integrate the correct function M1
m
∫ 2
a
( b−a ) ( c−a )
(x − a) d x
[ 12 (x − a)2 ] [ x2 − ax]
m 2 m
2 2
= ( b−a ) ( c−a )
OR
( b−a ) ( c−a )
A1A1
a a
Note: Award A1 for correct integration and A1 for correct limits.
THEN
m
∫ 2 1
sets up (their) a
( b−a ) ( c−a )
(x − a) d x or area = 2 M1
Note: Award M0A0A0M1A0A0 if candidates conclude that m > c and set

up their area or sum of integrals = 12 .
( m−a ) 2 1
( b−a ) ( c−a )
= 2
m=a±√
( b−a ) ( c−a )
2 (A1)
m > a, rejects m = a − √
( b−a ) ( c−a )
as 2
√
m=a+√
( b−a ) ( c−a )
so 2 A1
[6 marks]
A discrete random variable, X, has the following probability distribution:
15a. Show that 2k2 − k + 0. 12 = 0. [1 mark]
Markscheme
0. 41 + k − 0. 28 + 0. 46 + 0. 29 − 2k2 = 1 OR k − 2k2 + 0. 01 = 0. 13 (or
equivalent) A1
2k2 − k + 0. 12 = 0 AG
[1 mark]
15b. Find the value of k, giving a reason for your answer. [3 marks]
Markscheme
one of 0. 2 OR 0. 3 (M1)
k = 0. 3 A1
reasoning to reject k = 0. 2 eg P(1)= k − 0. 28 ≥ 0 therefore k ≠ 0. 2
R1
[3 marks]
15c. Hence, find E(X). [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to use the expected value formula (M1)
E(X) = 0 × 0. 41 + 1 ×(0. 3 − 0. 28)+2 × 0. 46 + 3 ×(0. 29 − 2 × 0. 32 )
= 1. 27 A1
Note: Award M1A0 if additional values are given.
[2 marks]
Gemma and Kaia started working for different companies on January 1st 2011.
Gemma’s starting annual salary was $45 000, and her annual salary increases 2%
on January 1st each year after 2011.
16a. Find Gemma’s annual salary for the year 2021, to the nearest dollar. [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
using geometric sequence with r = 1. 02 (M1)
correct expression or listing terms correctly (A1)
45000 × 1. 0210 OR 45000 × 1. 0211−1 OR listing terms
Gemma’s salary is $54855 (must be to the nearest dollar) A1
METHOD 2
N = 10
PV = ∓45000
I% = 2
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 1
F V = ±54854. 7489 … (M1)(A1)
Gemma’s salary is $54855 (must be to the nearest dollar) A1
[3 marks]
Kaia’s annual salary is based on a yearly performance review. Her salary for the
years 2011, 2013, 2014, 2018, and 2022 is shown in the following table.
16b. Assuming Kaia’s annual salary can be approximately modelled by [3 marks]

the equation S = ax + b, show that Kaia had a higher salary than
Gemma in the year 2021, according to the model.
Markscheme
finds a = 1096. 89 … and b = −2160753. 8 … (accept b = −2. 16 × 106 )
(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1)(A1) forS = 1096. 89 … x + 33028. 49 …, or

S = 1096. 89 … x + 43997. 4 …, or S = 1096. 89 … x + 45094. 3 …
Kaia’s salary in 2021 is $56063. 21 (accept $56817. 09 from b = −2. 16 × 106

) A1
Kaia had a higher salary than Gemma in 2021 AG
[3 marks]
2 R
Consider the equation kx2 −(k + 3)x + 2k + 9 = 0, where k ∈ R.
17a. Write down an expression for the product of the roots, in terms of k. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2k+9
product of roots = k
A1
[1 mark]
17b. Hence or otherwise, determine the values of k such that the equation [3 marks]
has one positive and one negative real root.
Markscheme
recognition that the product of the roots will be negative (M1)
2k+9
k
<0
critical values k = 0, − 92 seen (A1)
− 92 < k < 0 A1
[3 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®
Printed for AMER CREATIVITY ACAD-HAWALLY

BOYS
marks]
2x+4
The function f is defined by f(x)= 3−x
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ 3.
Write down the equation of
1a. the vertical asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]
Markscheme
x=3 A1
[1 mark]
1b. the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]
Markscheme
y = −2 A1
[1 mark]
Find the coordinates where the graph of f crosses
1c. the x-axis. [1 mark]
Markscheme
(−2, 0) (accept x = −2) A1
[1 mark]
1d. the y-axis. [1 mark]
Markscheme
4 4
(0, 3
) (accept y= 3
and f(0)= 43 ) A1
[1 mark]
1e. Sketch the graph of f on the axes below. [1 mark]
Markscheme
A1
Note: Award A1 for completely correct shape: two branches in correct

quadrants with asymptotic behaviour.
[1 mark]
The function f is defined for all x ∈ R. The line with equation y = 6x − 1 is the
tangent to the graph of f at x = 4.
2a. Write down the value of f'(4). [1 mark]

Markscheme
f'(4) = 6 A1
[1 mark]
2b. Find f(4). [1 mark]
Markscheme
f(4) = 6 × 4 − 1 = 23 A1
[1 mark]
The function g is defined for all x ∈ R where g(x)= x2 − 3x and h(x)= f(g(x)).
2c. Find h(4). [2 marks]

Markscheme
h(4)= f(g(4)) (M1)
h(4)= f(42 − 3 × 4)= f(4)

h(4)= 23 A1
[2 marks]
2d. Hence find the equation of the tangent to the graph of h at x = 4. [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to use chain rule to find h' (M1)
f'(g(x))×g'(x) OR (x2 − 3x)' × f'(x2 − 3x)
h'(4)=(2 × 4 − 3)f'(42 − 3 × 4) A1
= 30
y − 23 = 30(x − 4) OR y = 30x − 97 A1
[3 marks]
3a. the vertical asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]
Markscheme
x=3 A1
[1 mark]
3b. the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]
Markscheme
y = −2 A1
[1 mark]
3c. the x-axis. [1 mark]

Markscheme
(−2, 0) (accept x = −2) A1
[1 mark]
3d. the y-axis. [1 mark]
Markscheme
4 4
(0, 3
) (accept y= 3
and f(0)= 43 ) A1
[1 mark]
3e. Sketch the graph of f on the axes below. [1 mark]
Markscheme
A1
Note: Award A1 for completely correct shape: two branches in correct

quadrants with asymptotic behaviour.
[1 mark]
+4
R
ax+4 [4 marks]
3f. The function g is defined by g(x)= 3−x
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ 3 and
a ∈ R.
Given that g(x)= g −1 (x), determine the value of a.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
ax+4
(g(x)=)y = 3−x
attempt to find x in terms of y (M1)
OR exchange x and y and attempt to find y in terms of x
3y − xy = ax + 4 A1
ax + xy = 3y − 4
x(a + y)= 3y − 4
3y−4
x= y+a
3x−4
g −1 (x)= x+ a
A1
Note: Condone use of y =
g(x)≡ g −1 (x)
ax+4 3x−4
3−x
≡ x+ a
⇒ a = −3 A1
METHOD 2
ax+4
g(x)= 3−x
attempt to find an expression for g(g(x)) and equate to x (M1)
a( ) +4
ax +4
3−x
gg(x)= =x A1
3− ( )
ax +4
3−x
a ( ax+4 ) +4 ( 3−x )
( 9−3x ) − ( ax+4 )
=x
a ( ax+4 ) +4 ( 3−x )
5− ( 3+a ) x
=x
a(ax + 4)+4(3 − x)= x(5 −(3 + a)x) A1
equating coefficients of x2 (or similar)
a = −3 A1
[4 marks]
1 3
1
4. Solve the equation log3 √x = 2log2 3
+ log3 (4x3 ), where x > 0. [5 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to use change the base (M1)
log3 2
log3 √x = 2 + log3 (4x3 )
attempt to use the power rule (M1)
log3 √x = log3 √2 + log3 (4x3 )
attempt to use product or quotient rule for logs, ln a + ln b = ln ab
(M1)
log3 √x = log3 (4√2x3 )
Note: The M marks are for attempting to use the relevant log rule and may
be applied in any order and at any time during the attempt seen.
√x = 4√2x3
x = 32x6
1
x5 = 32
(A1)
1
x= 2 A1
[5 marks]
2
The equation 3px2 + 2px + 1 = p has two real, distinct roots.
5a. Find the possible values for p. [5 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to use discriminant b2 − 4ac(> 0) M1
(2p)2 − 4(3p)(1 − p)(> 0)

16p2 − 12p(> 0) (A1)
p(4p − 3)(> 0)
attempt to find critical values (p = 0, p = 34 ) M1
recognition that discriminant > 0 (M1)
3
p < 0 or p > 4
A1
Note: Condone ‘or’ replaced with ‘and’, a comma, or no separator
[5 marks]
5b. Consider the case when p= 4. The roots of the equation can be [2 marks]
a±√13
expressed in the form x = 6
, where a ∈ Z. Find the value of a .
Markscheme
p = 4 ⇒ 12x2 + 8x − 3 = 0
−b±√b2−4ac
valid attempt to use x = 2a
(or equivalent) M1
−8±√208
x= 24
−2±√13
x= 6
a = −2 A1
[2 marks]
2
Consider the function f(x)= e−x − 0. 5, for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2.
6a. Find the values of x for which f(x) = 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
x = −0. 832554 … , x = 0. 832554 …
x = −0. 833, x = 0. 833 A1A1
[2 marks]
6b. Sketch the graph of f on the following grid. [3 marks]
Markscheme
A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape. Only if this mark

is awarded, award A1 for approximately correct roots and maximum point and
A1 for approximately correct endpoints.
Allow −1 < x ≤ −0. 8, 0. 8 ≤ x < 1 for roots, x = 0, 0. 4 ≤ y ≤ 0. 6
for maximum and x = ±2, − 0. 6 ≤ y ≤ −0. 4 for endpoints.
[3 marks]
O P, Q
The following diagram shows a semicircle with centre O and radius r. Points P, Q
and R lie on the circumference of the circle, such that PQ = 2r and RÔQ = θ,
where 0 < θ < π.
7a. Given that the areas of the two shaded regions are equal, show that [5 marks]
θ = 2 sin θ.
Markscheme
attempt to find the area of either shaded region in terms of r and θ
(M1)
Note: Do not award M1 if they have only copied from the booklet and
not applied to the shaded area.
Area of segment = 12 r2 θ − 12 r2 sin θ A1
Area of triangle = 12 r2 sin(π − θ) A1

correct equation in terms of θ only (A1)
θ − sin θ = sin(π − θ)
θ − sin θ = sin θ A1
θ = 2 sin θ AG
Note: Award a maximum of M1A1A0A0A0 if a candidate uses degrees (i.e.,

1 2
2 r sin(180° − θ)), even if later work is correct.
Note: If a candidate directly states that the area of the triangle is 12 r2 sin θ
, award a maximum of M1A1A0A1A1.
[5 marks]
7b. Hence determine the value of θ. [1 mark]

Markscheme
θ = 1. 89549 …
θ = 1. 90 A1
Note: Award A0 if there is more than one solution. Award A0 for an answer in
degrees.
[1 mark]
A continuous random variable X has a probability density function given by

arccos x 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
f(x)={
0 otherwise
The median of this distribution is m .
8a. Determine the value of m . [2 marks]

Markscheme
m
∫
recognises that 0 arccos x d x = 0. 5 (M1)
m arccos m − √1 − m2 −(0 − √1)= 0. 5

m = 0. 360034 …
m = 0. 360 A1
[2 marks]
8b. Given that P (|X − m|≤ a)= 0. 3, determine the value of a. [4 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to find at least one endpoint (limit) both in terms of m (or their m)
and a (M1)
P(m − a ≤ X ≤ m + a)= 0. 3
0.360034…+a
∫
0.360034…−a arccos x d x = 0. 3 (A1)
m+a
∫
Note: Award (A1) for m−a arccos x d x = 0. 3.
0.360034…+a
[x arccos x − √1 − x]
2
0.360034…−a
attempts to solve their equation for a (M1)
Note: The above (M1) is dependent on the first (M1).
a = 0. 124861 …
a = 0. 125 A1
METHOD 2
a
∫
−a arccos x − 0. 360034 … d x (= 0. 3) (M1)(A1)
Note: Only award (M1) if at least one limit has been translated correctly.
a
∫
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for −a arccos x − m d x (= 0. 3) .

a = 0. 124861 …
a = 0. 125 A1
METHOD 3
EITHER
a
∫
−a arccos(x + 0. 360034 …) d x (= 0. 3) (M1)(A1)
a
∫
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for −a arccos(x + m) d x (= 0. 3).
OR
2 ( 0.360034… ) +a
∫
2 ( 0.360034… ) −a arccos(x − 0. 360034 …) d x (= 0. 3) (M1)(A1)
2m+a
∫
Note: Award (M1)(A1) for 2m−a arccos(x − m) d x (= 0. 3).
THEN
Note: The above (M1) is dependent on the first (M1).
a = 0. 124861 …
a = 0. 125 A1
[4 marks]
= ( ) −4 ≤ ≤6
The graph of y = f(x) for −4 ≤ x ≤ 6 is shown in the following diagram.
9a. Write down the value of f(2). [1 mark]
Markscheme
f(2)= 6 A1
[1 mark]
9b. Write down the value of (f ∘ f)(2). [1 mark]
Markscheme
(f ∘ f)(2)= −2 A1
[1 mark]
9c. Let g(x)= 1 f(x)+1 for −4 ≤ x ≤ 6. On the axes above, sketch the [3 marks]
2
graph of g .
Markscheme
M1A1A1
Note: Award M1 for an attempt to apply any vertical stretch or vertical

translation, A1 for a correct horizontal line segment between −4 and 0
(located roughly at y = 3),
A1 for a correct concave down parabola including max point at (2, 4) and for
correct end points at (0, 3) and (6, 0) (within circles). Points do not need to be
labelled.
[3 marks]
2
Consider the function f defined by f(x) = ln(x2 − 16) for x > 4.
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f which crosses the x-axis at
point A, with coordinates (a, 0). The line L is the tangent to the graph of f at the
point B.
10a. Find the exact value of a . [3 marks]

Markscheme
ln(x2 − 16)= 0 (M1)
e0 = x2 − 16(= 1)
x2 = 17 OR x = ±√17 (A1)
a = √17 A1
[3 marks]
10b. Given that the gradient of L is 1 , find the x-coordinate of B. [6 marks]

3
Markscheme
1
attempt to differentiate (must include 2x and/or x2−16
) (M1)
2x
f'(x)= A1
x2−16
setting their derivative = 13 M1

2x 1
x2−16
= 3
x2 − 16 = 6x OR x2 − 6x − 16 = 0 (or equivalent) A1
x = 8 A1
Note: Award A0 if the candidate’s final answer includes additional solutions
(such as x = −2, 8).
[6 marks]
2
Let f(x)= 3x − 40.15x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3.
11a. Sketch the graph of f on the grid below. [3 marks]

Markscheme
A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for a smooth concave down curve with generally correct
shape. If first mark is awarded, award A1 for local maximum and x-intercept in
approximately correct position, award A1 for endpoints at x = 0 and x = 3
with approximately correct y-coordinates.
[3 marks]
11b. Find the value of x for which f'(x) = 0. [2 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing that f'(x) = 0 at local maximum (M1)
x = 2. 33084 …
x = 2. 33 A1
[2 marks]
An arithmetic sequence has first term 60 and common difference −2. 5.
12a. Given that the kth term of the sequence is zero, find the value of k. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to use u1 +(n − 1)d = 0 (M1)
60 − 2. 5(k − 1)= 0
k = 25 A1
[2 marks]
12b. LetSn denote the sum of the first n terms of the sequence. [3 marks]
Find the maximum value of Sn .
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to express Sn in terms of n (M1)
use of a graph or a table to attempt to find the maximum sum (M1)
= 750 A1
METHOD 2
EITHER
recognizing maximum occurs at n = 25 (M1)
25 25
S25 = 2 (60 + 0), S25 = 2 (2 × 60 + 24 × −2. 5) (A1)
OR
attempting to calculate S24 (M1)
24
S24 = 2 (2 × 60 + 23 × −2. 5) (A1)
THEN
= 750 A1
[3 marks]
f and g are defined for x ∈ R by f(x)= 6x2 − 12x + 1 and

The functions
g(x)= −x + c, where c ∈ R.
13a. Find the range of f . [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to find the vertex (M1)
x = 1 OR y = −5 OR f(x)= 6(x − 1)2 − 5

range is y ≥ −5 A1
[2 marks]
13b. Given that (g ∘ f)(x)≤ 0 for all x ∈ R, determine the set of possible [4 marks]
values for c.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
(g ∘ f)(x)= −(6x2 − 12x + 1)+c(= −(6(x − 1)2 − 5)+c) (A1)
EITHER
relating to the range of f OR attempting to find g(−5) (M1)
5 + c ≤ 0 (A1)
OR
attempting to find the discriminant of (g ∘ f)(x) (M1)
144 + 24(c − 1)≤ 0(120 + 24c ≤ 0) (A1)
THEN
c ≤ −5 A1
METHOD 2
vertical reflection followed by vertical shift (M1)
new vertex is (1, 5 + c) (A1)
5 + c ≤ 0 (A1)
c ≤ −5 A1
[4 marks]
All living plants contain an isotope of carbon called carbon-14. When a plant dies,
the isotope decays so that the amount of carbon-14 present in the remains of the
plant decreases. The time since the death of a plant can be determined by
measuring the amount of carbon-14 still present in the remains.
The amount, A, of carbon-14 present in a plant t years after its death can be
modelled by A = A0 e−kt where t ≥ 0 and A0 , k are positive constants.
At the time of death, a plant is defined to have 100 units of carbon-14.
14a. Show that A0 = 100. [1 mark]
Markscheme
100 = A0 e0 A1
A0 = 100 AG
[1 mark]
The time taken for half the original amount of carbon-14 to decay is known to be
5730 years.
14b. Show that k = ln2 . [3 marks]

5730
Markscheme
correct substitution of values into exponential equation (M1)
1
50 = 100e−5730k OR e−5730k = 2
EITHER
1
−5730k = ln 2 A1
1 1
ln 2 = − ln 2 OR − ln 2 = ln 2 A1
OR
e5730k = 2 A1
5730k = ln 2 A1
THEN
k= ln2 AG
5730
Note: There are many different ways of showing that k = 5730 ln2 which involve
showing different steps. Award full marks for at least two correct algebraic
steps seen.
[3 marks]
10
14c. Find, correct to the nearest 10 years, the time taken after the plant’s [3 marks]
death for 25% of the carbon-14 to decay.
Markscheme
if 25% of the carbon-14 has decayed, 75% remains ie, 75 units remain (A1)
ln2
75 = 100e− 5730 t
EITHER
using an appropriate graph to attempt to solve for t (M1)
OR
manipulating logs to attempt to solve for t (M1)
ln2 t
ln 0. 75 = − 5730
t = 2378. 164 …
THEN
t = 2380 (years) (correct to the nearest 10 years) A1
[3 marks]
A continuous random variable X has the probability density function f given by
⎧ x 0≤x≤4
f(x)=⎨ √ ( x 2+ k ) 3
⎩
0otherwise
where k ∈ R+ .
15a. Show that √16 + k − √k = √k√16 + k. [5 marks]

Markscheme
recognition of the need to integrate x (M1)
√ ( x 2+ k ) 3
∫ x d x(= 1)
√ ( x 2+ k ) 3
EITHER
u = x2 + k ⇒ du
dx
= 2x (or equivalent) (A1)
3
1
∫ x dx = 2 ∫ u− 2 d u
√ ( x 2+ k ) 3
− 12
= −u− 2 (+c) (= −(x2 + k)
1
(+c)) A1
OR
1 2x
∫ x dx = 2 ∫ d x (A1)
√ ( x 2+ k ) 3 √ ( x 2+ k ) 3
− 12
= −(x2 + k) (+c) A1
THEN
attempt to use correct limits for their integrand and set equal to 1 M1
16+k − 12 4
[−u − 12
] =1 OR [−(x2 + k) ] =1
k 0
1 1
−(16 + k)− 2 + k− 2 = 1(⇒ 1
− 1
= 1) A1
√k √16+k
√16 + k − √k = √k√16 + k AG
[5 marks]
15b. Find the value of k. [2 marks]
Markscheme
√16 + k − √k = √k√16 + k (M1)
attempt to solve
k = 0. 645038 …
= 0. 645 A1
[2 marks]
Let f(x)= a log3 (x − 4), for x > 4, where a > 0.

Point A(13, 7) lies on the graph of f .
16a. Find the value of a . [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
attempt to substitute coordinates (in any order) into f (M1)
eg a log3 (13 − 4)= 7 , a log3 (7 − 4)= 13 , a log 9 = 7
finding log 3 9 = 2 (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg log 3 9 = 2 , 2a = 7
7
a= 2 A1 N2
[3 marks]
16b. Thex-intercept of the graph of f is (5, 0). [3 marks]

On the following grid, sketch the graph of f .
Markscheme
A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for correct shape of logarithmic function (must be increasing

and concave down).
Only if the shape is correct, award the following:
A1 for being asymptotic to x = 4
A1 for curve including both points in circles.
[3 marks]
2
17. Let f(x)= −x2 + 4x + 5 and g(x)= −f(x)+k. [6 marks]
Find the values of k so that g(x)= 0 has no real roots.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 – (discriminant)
correct expression for g (A1)
eg −(−x2 + 4x + 5)+k , x2 − 4x − 5 + k = 0
evidence of discriminant (M1)
eg b2 − 4ac, Δ
correct substitution into discriminant of g (A1)
2
eg (−4)2 − 4(1)(−5 + k) , 16 − 4(k − 5)
recognizing discriminant is negative (M1)
eg
Δ < 0 , (−4)2 − 4(1)(−5 + k)< 0 , 16 < 4(k − 5) , 16 − 4(−1)(5)< 0
correct working (must be correct inequality) (A1)
eg−4k < −36 , k − 5 > 4 , 16 + 20 − 4k < 0
k>9 A1 N3
METHOD 2 – (transformation of vertex of f)

valid approach for finding f(x) vertex (M1)
eg − 2ba = 2 , f'(x)= 0
correct vertex of f(x) (A1)
eg (2, 9)
correct vertex of −f(x) (A1)
eg (2, − 9)
correct vertex of g(x) (A1)
2 0
eg ( )+( ) , (2, − 9 + k)
−9 k
recognizing when vertex is above x-axis (M1)
eg −9 + k > 0, sketch
k>9 A1 N3
METHOD 3 – (transformation of f)
recognizing vertical reflection of f(x) (M1)
eg −f(x) , x2 − 4x − 5 , sketch
correct expression for g(x) (A1)
eg x2 − 4x − 5 + k
valid approach for finding vertex of g(x) (M1)
eg − 2ba = 2 , g'(x)= 0
correct y coordinate of vertex of g(x) (A1)
eg y = −9 + k , (2, − 9 + k)
recognizing when vertex is above x-axis (M1)
eg−9 + k > 0 , sketch
>9
−9 + k > 0
k>9 A1 N3
[6 marks]
The diagram shows the graph of the quadratic function f(x) = ax2 + bx + c ,
with vertex (−2, 10).
The equation f(x) = k has two solutions. One of these solutions is x = 2.
18a. Write down the other solution of f(x) = k. [2 marks]

Markscheme
minor differences in marking or structure. It appeared in a paper that
permitted the use of a calculator, and so might not be suitable for all forms of
practice.
(x =) (−2)−4 OR (x =) (−2)−(2 −(−2)) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct calculation of the left symmetrical point.
(x =) − 6 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
18b. Complete the table below placing a tick (✔) to show whether the [2 marks]
unknown parameters a and b are positive, zero or negative. The row for
c has been completed as an example.
Markscheme
(A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct row.
[2 marks]
( )
18c. State the values of x for which f(x) is decreasing. [2 marks]
Markscheme
x > −2 OR x ≥ −2 (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for −2 seen as part of an inequality, (A1) for completely
correct notation. Award (A1)(A1) for correct equivalent statement in words,
for example “decreasing when x is greater than negative 2”.
[2 marks]
Jean-Pierre jumps out of an airplane that is flying at constant altitude. Before
opening his parachute, he goes through a period of freefall.
Jean-Pierre’s vertical speed during the time of freefall, S, in m s−1 , is modelled by
the following function.
S(t)= K − 60(1. 2−t ), t ≥ 0
where t, is the number of seconds after he jumps out of the airplane, and K is a
constant. A sketch of Jean-Pierre’s vertical speed against time is shown below.
Jean-Pierre’s initial vertical speed is 0 m s−1 .
19a. Find the value of K. [2 marks]

Markscheme
minor differences in marking or structure. It appeared in a paper that
permitted the use of a calculator, and so might not be suitable for all forms of
practice.
0 = K − 60(1. 20 ) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituted function equated to zero.
(K =) 60 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
19b. In the context of the model, state what the horizontal asymptote [1 mark]
represents.
Markscheme
the (vertical) speed that Jean-Pierre is approaching (as t increases) (A1)
(C1)
OR
the limit of the (vertical) speed of Jean-Pierre (A1) (C1)
Note: Accept “maximum speed” or “terminal speed”.
[1 mark]
10
19c. Find Jean-Pierre’s vertical speed after 10 seconds. Give your answer in [3 marks]
km h−1 .
Markscheme
(S =) 60 − 60(1. 2−10 ) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly substituted function.
(S =) 50. 3096 … (m s−1 ) (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (a).
181 (kmh−1 ) (181. 114 … (kmh−1 )) (A1)(ft) (C3)
Note: Award the final (A1)(ft) for correct conversion of their speed to km h−1
.
[3 marks]
Olava’s Pizza Company supplies and delivers large cheese pizzas.
The total cost to the customer, C, in Papua New Guinean Kina ( PGK), is modelled
by the function
C(n)= 34. 50n + 8. 50 , n ≥ 2 , n ∈ Z,
where n, is the number of large cheese pizzas ordered. This total cost includes a
fixed cost for delivery.
20a. State, in the context of the question, what the value of 34. 50 represents. [1 mark]
Markscheme
the cost of each (large cheese) pizza / a pizza / one pizza / per pizza (A1)
(C1)
Note: Award (A0) for “the cost of (large cheese) pizzas”. Do not accept “the
minimum cost of a pizza”.
[1 mark]
20b. State, in the context of the question, what the value of 8. 50 represents. [1 mark]
Markscheme
the (fixed) delivery cost (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
20c. Write down the minimum number of pizzas that can be ordered. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
20d. Kaelani has 450 PGK. [3 marks]

Find the maximum number of large cheese pizzas that Kaelani can order
from Olava’s Pizza Company.
Markscheme
450 = 34. 50n + 8. 50 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating the cost equation to 450 (may be stated as an
inequality).
12. 8 (12. 7971 …) (A1)

12 (A1)(ft) (C3)
Note: The final answer must be an integer.

The final (A1)(ft) is awarded for rounding their answer down to a whole
number, provided their unrounded answer is seen.
[3 marks]
12
Consider the graph of the function f(x)= x+ x2
,x ≠ 0.
21a. Write down the zero of f(x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
12
0 = x+ x2
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating the function to zero.
(x =) − 2. 29 (−2. 28942 …) (A1) (C2)
Note: Award (C1) for a correct x-value given as part of a coordinate pair or
alongside an explicitly stated y-value.
[2 marks]
21b. Write down the coordinates of the local minimum point. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(2. 88, 4. 33) ((2. 88449 … , 4. 32674 …)) (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Accept x = 2. 88, y = 4. 33.
[2 marks]
( )= 3 −
21c. Consider the function g(x)= 3 − x. [2 marks]
Solve f(x)= g(x).
Markscheme
12
3−x= x+ x2
(or equivalent) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating the functions or for a sketch of the two
functions.
(x =) − 1. 43 (−1. 43080 …) (A1) (C2)
Note: Do not award the final (A1) if the answer is seen as part of a coordinate
pair or a y-value is explicitly stated, unless already penalized in part (a).
[2 marks]
2 50
50
Consider the function f(x)= x2 + x + x
, x ≠ 0.
22a. Find f(1). [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute x = 1 (M1)
eg f(1), 12 + 1 + 50
1
52 (exact) A1 N2
[2 marks]
22b. Solve f(x)= 0. [2 marks]

Markscheme
−4. 04932
−4. 05 A2 N2
[2 marks]
22c. The graph off has a local minimum at point A. [2 marks]

Find the coordinates of A.
Markscheme
(2. 76649, 28. 4934)
A(2. 77, 28. 5) A1A1 N2
[2 marks]
3
Let f(x)= 4 − x3 and g(x)= ln x, for x > 0.
23a. Find (f ∘ g)(x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
eg f(ln x) , g(4 − x3 )
(f ∘ g)(x)= 4 − (ln x)3 A1 N2
[2 marks]
23b. Solve the equation (f ∘ g)(x)= x. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach using GDC (M1)
eg , (2. 85, 2. 85)
2. 85056
2. 85 A1 N2
[2 marks]
23c. Hence or otherwise, given that g(2a)= f −1 (2a), find the value of a. [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1 – (using properties of functions)
recognizing inverse relationship (M1)
eg f(g(2a))= f(f −1 (2a)) (= 2a)
equating 2a to their x from (i) (A1)
eg 2a = 2. 85056
1. 42528
a = 1. 43 A1 N2
METHOD 2 – (finding inverse)

interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) (M1)
eg x = 4 − y 3 , f −1 (x)= √
3
4−x
correct working (A1)
eg √
3
4 − 2a = ln(2a), sketch showing intersection of f −1 (2x) and g(2x)
1. 42528
a = 1. 43 A1 N2
[3 marks]
2
Let g (x) = x2 + bx + 11. The point (−1,8) lies on the graph of g.
24a. Find the value of b. [3 marks]
Markscheme
valid attempt to substitute coordinates (M1)
eg g (−1) = 8
correct substitution (A1)
eg (−1)2 + b (−1) + 11 = 8, 1 − b + 11 = 8
b=4 A1 N2
[3 marks]
2
24b. The graph of f (x) = x2 is transformed to obtain the graph of g. [4 marks]
Describe this transformation.
Markscheme
valid attempt to solve (M1)
−4
eg (x2 + 4x + 4) + 7, h = 2 , k = g (−2)
correct working A1
eg (x + 2)2 + 7, h = −2, k = 7
−2
translation or shift (do not accept move) of vector ( ) (accept left by 2
7
and up by 7) A1A1 N2
[4 marks]
′ 2 2
Consider the function f , with derivative f ′ (x) = 2x2 + 5kx + 3k2 + 2 where
x,k ∈ R.
25a. Show that the discriminant of f ′ (x) is k2 − 16. [2 marks]
Markscheme
correct substitution into b2 − 4ac (A1)
eg (5k)2 − 4 (2) (3k2 + 2), (5k)2 − 8 (3k2 + 2)
correct expansion of each term A1
eg 25k2 − 24k2 − 16, 25k2 − (24k2 + 16)
k2 − 16 AG N0
[2 marks]
25b. Given that f is an increasing function, find all possible values of k. [4 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach M1
eg f ′ (x) > 0, f ′ (x) ⩾ 0
recognizing discriminant < 0 or ⩽ 0 M1
eg D < 0, k2 − 16 ⩽ 0, k2 < 16
two correct values for k/endpoints (even if inequalities are incorrect)
(A1)
eg k = ±4, k < −4 and k > 4, |k| < 4
correct interval A1 N2
eg −4 < k < 4, −4 ⩽ k ⩽ 4
Note: Candidates may work with an equation, then write the intervals with
inequalities at the end. If inequalities are not seen until the candidate’s final
correct answer, M0M0A1A1 may be awarded.
If candidate is working with incorrect inequalitie(s) at the beginning, then gets
the correct final answer, award M0M0A1A0 or M1M0A1A0 or M0M1A1A0 in
line with the markscheme.
[4 marks]
4
Let f (x) = x − 8, g (x) = x4 − 3 and h (x) = f (g (x)).
26a. Find h (x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to form composite (in any order) (M1)
eg f (x4 − 3), (x − 8)4 − 3
h (x) = x4 − 11 A1 N2
[2 marks]
C C
26b. Let C be a point on the graph of h . The tangent to the graph of h at C [5 marks]
is parallel to the graph of f .
Find the x-coordinate of C.
Markscheme
recognizing that the gradient of the tangent is the derivative (M1)
eg h′
correct derivative (seen anywhere) (A1)
h′ (x) = 4x3
correct value for gradient of f (seen anywhere) (A1)
f ′ (x) = 1, m = 1
setting their derivative equal to 1 (M1)
4x3 = 1
0.629960
x=√
3 1
4
(exact), 0.630 A1 N3
[5 marks]
The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random

variable X , where a ⩾ 0 and b ⩾ 0.
27a. Show that b = 0.3 − a. [1 mark]
Markscheme
correct approach A1
eg 0.2 + 0.5 + b + a = 1, 0.7 + a + b = 1

b = 0.3 − a AG N0
[1 mark]
27b. Find the difference between the greatest possible expected value and [6 marks]
the least possible expected value.
Markscheme
correct substitution into E (X) (A1)
eg 0.2 + 4 × 0.5 + a × b + (a + b − 0.5) × a, 0.2 + 2 + a × b − 0.2a
valid attempt to express E (X) in one variable M1
eg 0.2 + 4 × 0.5 + a × (0.3 − a) + (−0.2) × a, 2.2 + 0.1a − a2 ,

0.2 + 4 × 0.5 + (0.3 − b) × b + (−0.2) × (0.3 − b), 2.14 + 0.5b − b2
correct value of greatest E (X) (A1)
2.2025 (exact)
valid attempt to find least value (M1)
eg graph with minimum indicated, E (0) and E (0.3)
(0,2.2) and (0.3,2.14) if E (X) in terms of a
(0,2.14) and (0.3,2.2) if E (X) in terms of b
correct value of least E (X) (A1)
eg 2.14 (exact)
difference = 0.0625 (exact) A1 N2
[6 marks]
= ( ) −3 ⩽ ⩽5
The following diagram shows the graph of y = f (x), −3 ⩽ x ⩽ 5.
28a. Find the value of (f ∘ f) (1). [2 marks]
Markscheme
f (1) = 0 (A1)
f (0) = −1 A1
[2 marks]
−1
28b. Given that f −1 (a) = 3, determine the value of a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a = f (3) (M1)
⇒a=4 A1
[2 marks]
28c. Given that g (x) = 2f (x − 1), find the domain and range of g. [2 marks]
Markscheme
domain is −2 ⩽ x ⩽ 6 A1
range is −6 ⩽ y ⩽ 10 A1
[2 marks]
4 2 R
29. Consider the function f (x) = x4 − 6x2 − 2x + 4, x ∈ R. [5 marks]
The graph of f is translated two units to the left to form the function g (x).
Express g (x) in the form ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e where a, b, c, d, e ∈ Z.
Markscheme
g (x) = f (x + 2) (= (x + 2)4 − 6(x + 2)2 − 2 (x + 2) + 4) M1
attempt to expand (x + 2)4 M1
(x + 2)4 = x4 + 4 (2x3 ) + 6 (22 x2 ) + 4 (23 x) + 24 (A1)
= x4 + 8x3 + 24x2 + 32x + 16 A1

g (x) = x4 + 8x3 + 24x2 + 32x + 16 − 6 (x2 + 4x + 4) − 2x − 4 + 4
= x4 + 8x3 + 18x2 + 6x − 8 A1
Note: For correct expansion of f (x − 2) = x4 − 8x3 + 18x2 − 10x award
max M0M1(A1)A0A1.
[5 marks]
30. Sketch the graph of y x−4 [5 marks]

= 2x−5
, stating the equations of any asymptotes
and the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
correct shape: two branches in correct quadrants with asymptotic behaviour

A1
crosses at (4, 0) and (0, 45 ) A1A1
5 1
asymptotes at x= 2 and y= 2 A1A1
[5 marks]
The function f is defined by f (x) = sec x + 2, 0 ⩽ x < π

2.
31a. Write down the range of f . [1 mark]

Markscheme
f (x) ≥ 3 A1
[1 mark]
31b. Find f −1 (x), stating its domain. [4 marks]

Markscheme
x = sec y + 2 (M1)
Note: Exchange of variables can take place at any point.
1
cos y = x −2
(A1)
f ′ (x) = arccos ( x−2

1
), x ≥ 3 A1A1
Note: Allow follow through from (a) for last A1 mark which is independent of
earlier marks in (b).
[4 marks]
32a. Sketch the graphs y = sin3 x + ln x and y = 1 + cos x on the following [2 marks]
axes for 0 < x ≤ 9.
Markscheme
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct curve, showing all local max & mins.
Note: Award A0A0 for the curves drawn in degrees.
[2 marks]
3
32b. Hence solve sin3 x + ln x − cos x − 1 < 0 in the range 0 < x ≤ 9. [4 marks]
Markscheme
x = 1.35, 4.35, 6.64 (M1)
Note: Award M1 for attempt to find points of intersections between two
curves.
0< x < 1.35 A1
Note: Accept x < 1.35.
4.35 < x < 6.64 A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct endpoints, A1 for correct inequalities.
Note: Award M1FTA1FTA0FTA0FT for 0 < x < 7.31.
Note: Accept x < 7.31.
[4 marks]
33. 3 p+1 [6 marks]
Consider the vectors a = ( ) and b = ( ).
2p 8
Find the possible values of p for which a and b are parallel.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (eliminating k)
recognizing parallel vectors are multiples of each other (M1)
3 p+1
eg a = kb, ( ) = k( ), 8
p+1
3
= 2p
, 3k = p + 1 and 2kp = 8
2p 8
correct working (must be quadratic) (A1)
p2+p
eg 2p2 + 2p = 24, p2 + p – 12, 3 = 4
4
valid attempt to solve their quadratic equation (M1)
eg factorizing, formula, completing the square
evidence of correct working (A1)
−2±√4−4(2)(−24)
eg (p + 4)(p – 3), x = 4
p = –4, p = 3 A1A1 N4
METHOD 2 (solving for k)
recognizing parallel vectors are multiples of each other (M1)
3 p+1
eg a = kb, ( ) = k( ), 3k = p + 1 and 2kp = 8
2p 8
correct working (must be quadratic) (A1)
eg 3k2 – k = 4, 3k2 – k – 4, 4k2 = 3 – k
one correct value for k (A1)
eg k = –1, k = 43 , k = 34
substituting their value(s) of k (M1)
3 p+1
eg ( ) = 34 ( ), 3 ( 43 ) = p + 1 and 2 ( 43 ) p = 8,
2p 8
3 p+1
(−1) ( ) = ( )
2p 8
p = –4, p = 3 A1A1 N4
METHOD 3 (working with angles and cosine formula)
recognizing angle between parallel vectors is 0 and/or 180° M1
eg cos θ = ±1, a ∙ b = |a| |b|
correct substitution of scalar product and magnitudes into equation (A1)
3(p+1)+2p(8)
eg = ±1, 19p + 3 = √4p2 + 9√p2 + 2p + 65
√3 +(2p) √(p+1) +8
2 2 2 2
correct working (must include both ± ) (A1)
eg 3 (p + 1) + 2p (8) = ± √32 + (2p) √(p + 1) + 82 ,

2 2
19p + 3 = ±√4p2 + 9√p2 + 2p + 65

correct quartic equation (A1)
eg 361 p2 + 114p + 9 = 4p4 + 8p3 + 269p2 + 18p + 585,
4p4 + 8p3 − 92p2 − 96p + 576 = 0, p4 + 2p3 − 23p2 − 24p + 144 = 0,
(p + 4)2 (p − 3)2 = 0
p = –4, p = 3 A2 N4
[6 marks]
6x−1
Let f (x) = 2x+3
, for x ≠ − 32 .
34a. For the graph of f , find the y-intercept. [2 marks]
Markscheme
valid method (M1)
eg f (0), sketch of graph
y-intercept is − 13 (exact), −0.333, (0, − 13 ) A1 N2
[2 marks]
34b. lim [2 marks]

Hence or otherwise, write down x→∞( 2x+3 ).
6 −1
x
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
lim
eg recognizing that x→∞ f (x) is related to the horizontal asymptote,
table with large values of x, their y value from (a)(iii), L’Hopital’s rule
lim
x→∞ f (x) = 3.
lim 6 −1
x→∞( x ) =3 A1 N2
2x+3
[2 marks]
27
27
Consider the function f (x) = − 16x, x ≠ 0.
x2
35a. Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100. [4 marks]
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for axis labels and some indication of scale; accept y or f(x).
Use of graph paper is not required. If no scale is given, assume the given
window for zero and minimum point.
Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct general shape.
Award (A1) for x-intercept closer to y-axis than to end of sketch.
Award (A1) for correct local minimum with x-coordinate closer to y-axis than
end of sketch and y-coordinate less than half way to top of sketch.
Award at most (A1)(A0)(A1)(A1) if the sketch intersects the y-axis or if the
sketch curves away from the y-axis as x approaches zero.
[4 marks]
35b. Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent [2 marks]
to the graph of y = f (x) at the point (–2, 38.75).
Give your answer in the form y = mx + c.
Markscheme
y = −9.25x + 20.3 (y = −9.25 x + 20.25) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for −9.25x, award (A1) for +20.25, award a maximum of
(A0)(A1) if answer is not an equation.
[2 marks]
35c. Sketch the graph of the function g (x) = 10x + 40 on the same axes. [2 marks]
Markscheme
correct line, y = 10x + 40, seen on sketch (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for straight line with positive gradient, award (A1) for x-
intercept and y-intercept in approximately the correct positions. Award at
most (A0)(A1) if ruler not used. If the straight line is drawn on different axes
to part (a), award at most (A0)(A1).
[2 marks]
+1
Z
ax+1
Consider the function f (x) = bx+c
, x ≠ − cb , where a, b, c ∈ Z.
The following graph shows the curve y = (f (x))2 . It has asymptotes at x = p and
y = q and meets the x-axis at A.
36a. On the following axes, sketch the two possible graphs of y = f (x) [4 marks]
giving the equations of any asymptotes in terms of p and q.
Markscheme
either graph passing through (or touching) A A1

correct shape and vertical asymptote with correct equation for either graph
A1
correct horizontal asymptote with correct equation for either graph A1
two completely correct sketches A1
[4 marks]
4 4 1
36b. Given that p = 4 , q = 4 and A has coordinates (− 1 , 0), determine [4 marks]
3 9 2
the possible sets of values for a , b and c.
Markscheme
a (− 12 ) + 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 2 A1
2 4
from horizontal asymptote, ( ab ) = 9
(M1)
a
b
= ± 23 ⇒ b = ±3 A1
from vertical asymptote, b ( 43 ) + c = 0

b = 3, c = −4 or b = −3, c = 4 A1
[4 marks]
2 ln +1
2 ln x+1
The function f is defined by f (x) = x−3
,0< x < 3.
37a. Hence, or otherwise, find the coordinates of the point of inflexion on the [4 marks]
graph of y = f (x).
Markscheme
finding turning point of y = f ′ (x) or finding root of y = f ′′ (x) (M1)
x = 0.899 A1
y = f (0.899048 …) = −0.375 (M1)A1
(0.899, −0.375)
Note: Do not accept x = 0.9. Accept y-coordinates rounding to −0.37 or
−0.375 but not −0.38.
[4 marks]
Draw a set of axes showing x and y values between −3 and 3. On these axes
37b. sketch the graph of y = f (x), showing clearly any axis intercepts and [4 marks]
giving the equations of any asymptotes.
Markscheme
smooth curve over the correct domain which does not cross the y-axis
and is concave down for x>1 A1
x-intercept at 0.607 A1
equations of asymptotes given as x = 0 and x = 3 (the latter must be drawn)
A1A1
[4 marks]
−1
37c. sketch the graph of y = f −1 (x), showing clearly any axis intercepts [4 marks]
and giving the equations of any asymptotes.
Markscheme
attempt to reflect graph of f in y=x (M1)

smooth curve over the correct domain which does not cross the x-axis and is
concave down for y > 1 A1
y-intercept at 0.607 A1
equations of asymptotes given as y = 0 and y = 3 (the latter must be drawn)
A1
Note: For FT from (i) to (ii) award max M1A0A1A0 .
[4 marks]
37d. Hence, or otherwise, solve the inequality f (x) > f −1 (x). [3 marks]
Markscheme
solve f (x) = f −1 (x) or f (x) = x to get x = 0.372 (M1)A1
0 < x < 0.372 A1
Note: Do not award FT marks.
[3 marks]


BOYS
marks]
g : R × R → R × R defined by
Consider the functions f ,
f ((x, y)) = (x + y, x − y) and g ((x, y)) = (xy, x + y).
1a. Find (f ∘ g) ((x, y)). [3 marks]
Markscheme
(f ∘ g) ((x, y)) = f (g ((x, y))) (= f ((xy, x + y))) (M1)
= (xy + x + y, xy − x − y) A1A1
[3 marks]
( ∘ ) (( , ))
1b. Find (g ∘ f) ((x, y)). [2 marks]
Markscheme
(g ∘ f) ((x, y)) = g (f ((x, y)))
= g ((x + y, x − y))
= ((x + y) (x − y) , x + y + x − y)
= (x2 − y 2 , 2x) A1A1
[2 marks]
1c. State with a reason whether or not f and g commute. [1 mark]
Markscheme
no because f ∘ g ≠ g ∘ f R1
Note: Accept counter example.
[1 mark]
1d. Find the inverse of f . [3 marks]
Markscheme
f ((x, y)) = (a, b) ⇒ (x + y, x − y) = (a, b) (M1)
a+b
{
x= 2
(M1)
a−b
y= 2
f −1 ((x, y)) = ( x+y

2 , 2 ) A1
x−y
[3 marks]
4 3 2
Consider the functions f (x) = x4 − 2 and g (x) = x3 − 4x2 + 2x + 6
The functions intersect at points P and Q. Part of the graph of y = f (x) and part
of the graph of y = g (x) are shown on the diagram.
2a. Find the range of f. [2 marks]
Markscheme
[−2, ∞[ or [−2, ∞) OR f (x) ⩾ −2 or y ⩾ −2 OR −2 ⩽ f (x) < ∞
(A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for −2 and (A1) for completely correct mathematical
notation, including weak inequalities. Accept f ⩾ −2.
[2 marks]
2b. Write down the x-coordinate of P and the x-coordinate of Q. [2 marks]
Markscheme
–1 and 1.52 (1.51839…) (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for −1 and (A1) for 1.52 (1.51839).
[2 marks]
2c. Write down the values of x for which f (x) > g (x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
x < −1, x > 1.52 OR (−∞, −1) ∪ (1.52, ∞). (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for both critical values in inequality or range
statements such as x < −1, (−∞, −1) , x > 1.52 or (1.52, ∞).
Award the second (A1)(ft) for correct strict inequality statements used with
their critical values. If an incorrect use of strict and weak inequalities has
already been penalized in (a), condone weak inequalities for this second mark
and award (A1)(ft).
[2 marks]
2−3 5
2−3x5
Let f (x) = 2x3
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 0.
3a. The graph of y = f (x) has a local maximum at A. Find the coordinates [5 marks]
of A.
Markscheme
attempt to differentiate (M1)
f ′ (x) = −3x−4 − 3x A1
Note: Award M1 for using quotient or product rule award A1 if correct
derivative seen even in unsimplified form, for example
−15x4×2x3−6x2(2−3x5)
f ′ (x) = .
(2x3)2
− x34 − 3x = 0 M1
⇒ x5 = −1 ⇒ x = −1 A1
A (−1, − 52 ) A1
[5 marks]
3b. Show that there is exactly one point of inflexion, B, on the graph of [5 marks]
y = f (x).
Markscheme
f ′′ (x) = 0 M1
f ′′ (x) = 12x−5 − 3 (= 0) A1
Note: Award A1 for correct derivative seen even if not simplified.
(= 2 5 )
2
⇒ x = √4
5
A1
hence (at most) one point of inflexion R1

Note: This mark is independent of the two A1 marks above. If they have
shown or stated their equation has only one solution this mark can be
awarded.
(= 2 5 )
2
f ′′ (x) changes sign at x = √4
5
R1
so exactly one point of inflexion

[5 marks]
3c. The coordinates of B can be expressed in the form B (2a , b × 2−3a ) [3 marks]
where a, b∈ Q . Find the value of a and the value of b.
Markscheme
2
x = √4
5
= 2 5 (⇒ a = 25 ) A1
f (2 5 ) = 2−3×22
2 6
6 = −5 × 2− 5 (⇒ b = −5) (M1)A1
2×2 5
Note: Award M1 for the substitution of their value for x into f (x).
[3 marks]
3d. Sketch the graph of y = f (x) showing clearly the position of the points [4 marks]
A and B.
Markscheme
A1A1A1A1
A1 for shape for x < 0

A1 for shape for x > 0
A1 for maximum at A
A1 for POI at B.
Note: Only award last two A1 s if A and B are placed in the correct quadrants,
allowing for follow through.
[4 marks]
ax+b
The function f is defined by f (x) = cx+d
, for x ∈ R, x ≠ − dc .
2x−3
The function g is defined by g (x) = x−2
, x ∈ R, x ≠ 2
4. Express g (x) in the form A + B

where A, B are constants. [2 marks]
x−2
Markscheme
1
g (x) = 2 + x−2
A1A1
[2 marks]
5. Sketch the graphs of y = x

2 + 1 and y = |x − 2| on the following axes. [3 marks]
Markscheme
straight line graph with correct axis intercepts A1

modulus graph: V shape in upper half plane A1
modulus graph having correct vertex and y-intercept A1
[3 marks]
Let f(x) = ln x − 5x , for x > 0 .
6. Solve f '(x) = f "(x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using GDC)
valid approach (M1)
eg
0.558257
x = 0.558 A1 N2
Note: Do not award A1 if additional answers given.
METHOD 2 (analytical)
attempt to solve their equation f '(x) = f "(x) (do not accept 1x − 5 = − x12 )
(M1)
1±√21 −1±√21
eg 5x2 − x − 1 = 0, 10
, 1x = 2 , −0.358
0.558257
x = 0.558 A1 N2
Note: Do not award A1 if additional answers given.
[2 marks]
48
48
Consider the function f (x) = x
+ kx2 − 58, where x > 0 and k is a constant.
The graph of the function passes through the point with coordinates (4 , 2).
P is the minimum point of the graph of f (x).
7. Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for 0 < x ≤ 6 and −30 ≤ y ≤ 60. [4 marks]
Clearly indicate the minimum point P and the x-intercepts on your graph.
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for correct window. Axes must be labelled.

(A1)(ft) for a smooth curve with correct shape and zeros in approximately
correct positions relative to each other.
(A1)(ft) for point P indicated in approximately the correct position. Follow
through from their x-coordinate in part (c). (A1)(ft) for two x-intercepts
identified on the graph and curve reflecting asymptotic properties.
[4 marks]
8x−5
Let f (x) = cx+6
for x ≠ − 6c , c ≠ 0.
8. Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the graph of f. [2 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
lim f
eg x→∞ (x), y = 8c
y = −4 (must be an equation) A1 N2
[2 marks]
Consider the curve y = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 2, for −1 < x < 3
9a. Sketch the curve for −1 < x < 3 and −2 < y < 12. [4 marks]
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for correct window (condone a window which is slightly off)
and axes labels. An indication of window is necessary. −1 to 3 on the x-axis
and −2 to 12 on the y-axis and a graph in that window.
(A1) for correct shape (curve having cubic shape and must be smooth).
(A1) for both stationary points in the 1st quadrant with approximate correct
position,
(A1) for intercepts (negative x-intercept and positive y intercept) with
approximate correct position.
[4 marks]
9b. A teacher asks her students to make some observations about the curve. [1 mark]
Three students responded.
Nadia said “The x-intercept of the curve is between −1 and zero”.
Rick said “The curve is decreasing when x < 1 ”.
Paula said “The gradient of the curve is less than zero between x = 1 and x = 2 ”.
State the name of the student who made an incorrect observation.
Markscheme
Rick (A1)
Note: Award (A0) if extra names stated.
[1 mark]
9c. Find dy . [3 marks]

dx
Markscheme
6x2 − 18x + 12 (A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct term. Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if extra
terms seen.
[3 marks]
9d. Show that the stationary points of the curve are at x = 1 and x = 2. [2 marks]
Markscheme
6x2 − 18x + 12 = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating their derivative to 0. If the derivative is not
explicitly equated to 0, but a subsequent solving of their correct equation is
seen, award (M1).
6(x − 1)(x − 2) = 0 (or equivalent) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct factorization. The final (M1) is awarded only if
answers are clearly stated.
Award (M0)(M0) for substitution of 1 and of 2 in their derivative.
x = 1, x = 2 (AG)
[2 marks]
9e. Given that y = 2x3 − 9x2 + 12x + 2 = k has three solutions, find the [3 marks]
possible values of k.
Markscheme
6<k<7 (A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for an inequality with 6, award (A1)(ft) for an inequality
with 7 from their part (c) provided it is greater than 6, (A1) for their correct
strict inequalities. Accept ]6, 7[ or (6, 7).
[3 marks]
−2 ⩽ ⩽4
The following diagram shows the graph of a function f , with domain −2 ⩽ x ⩽ 4.
The points (−2, 0) and (4, 7) lie on the graph of f .
10. On the grid, sketch the graph of f −1 . [3 marks]

Markscheme
A1A1A1 N3
Notes: Award A1 for both end points within circles,

A1 for images of (2, 3) and (0, 2) within circles,
A1 for approximately correct reflection in y = x, concave up then concave
down shape (do not accept line segments).
[3 marks]
( ) = 1 + e− ( )=2 + ∈R
Let f(x) = 1 + e−x and g(x) = 2x + b, for x ∈ R, where b is a constant.
11a. Find (g ∘ f)(x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to form composite (M1)
eg g(1 + e−x )
correct function A1 N2
eg (g ∘ f)(x) = 2 + b + 2e−x , 2(1 + e−x ) + b
[2 marks]
11b. lim [4 marks]

Given that x→+∞(g ∘ f)(x) = −3, find the value of b.
Markscheme
lim lim
evidence of x→∞(2 + b + 2e−x ) = 2 + b + x→∞(2e−x ) (M1)
eg 2 + b + 2e−∞ , graph with horizontal asymptote when x → ∞
Note: Award M0 if candidate clearly has incorrect limit, such as

x → 0, e∞ ,
2e0 .
evidence that e−x → 0 (seen anywhere) (A1)

lim
eg x→∞(e−x ) = 0, 1 + e−x → 1, 2(1) + b = −3, elarge negative number → 0,
graph of y = e−x or
y = 2e−x with asymptote y = 0, graph of composite function with asymptote
y = −3
eg 2 + b = −3
b = −5 A1 N2
[4 marks]
2 R
Let f(x) = x2 − x, for x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .
The graph of f crosses the x-axis at the origin and at the point P(1, 0).
The line L intersects the graph of f at another point Q, as shown in the following
diagram.
12. Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of f and the line L . [6 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
1
eg ∫ L − f, ∫−1 (1 − x2 )dx, splitting area into triangles and integrals
correct integration (A1)(A1)
1
eg [x − x3
] ,
3 −1
− x3
3
− x2
2 + x2
2 +x
substituting their limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in any
order) (M1)
eg 1 − 13 − (−1 − 3 )
−1
Note: Award M0 for substituting into original or differentiated function.
4
area = 3
A2 N3
[6 marks]
13. Sketch the graph of y 1−3x [4 marks]

= x−2
, showing clearly any asymptotes and
stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
correct vertical asymptote A1

shape including correct horizontal asymptote A1
( 13 , 0) A1
(0, − 12 ) A1
1
Note: Accept x= 3
and y = − 12 marked on the axes.
[4 marks]
A function f is given by f(x) = (2x + 2)(5 − x2 ).
14a. Expand the expression for f(x). [1 mark]

Markscheme
10x − 2x3 + 10 − 2x2 (A1)
Notes: The expansion may be seen in part (b)(ii).
[1 mark]
14b. Find f ′ (x). [3 marks]
Markscheme
10 − 6x2 − 4x (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Notes: Follow through from part (b)(i). Award (A1)(ft) for each correct
term. Award at most (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A0) if extra terms are seen.
[3 marks]
−3 ⩽ ⩽3 −40 ⩽ ⩽ 20
14c. Draw the graph of f for −3 ⩽ x ⩽ 3 and −40 ⩽ y ⩽ 20. Use a scale of [4 marks]
2 cm to represent 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to represent 5 units on the y-axis.
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)
Notes: Award (A1) for correct scale; axes labelled and drawn with a ruler.
Award (A1)(ft) for their correct x-intercepts in approximately correct location.
Award (A1) for correct minimum and maximum points in approximately
correct location.
Award (A1) for a smooth continuous curve with approximate correct shape.
The curve should be in the given domain.
Follow through from part (a) for the x-intercepts.
[4 marks]
The graph of the function g(x) = 5x + 6x − 6 intersects the graph of f .
14d. Write down the coordinates of the point of intersection. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(1.49, 13.9) ((1.48702 … , 13.8714 …)) (G1)(ft)(G1)(ft)
Notes: Award (G1) for 1.49 and (G1) for 13.9 written as a coordinate pair.
Award at most (G0)(G1) if parentheses are missing. Accept x = 1.49 and
y = 13.9. Follow through from part (b)(i).
[2 marks]
√x
Consider the function f(x) = sin x
,0 < x < π.
15a. Show that the x-coordinate of the minimum point on the curve [5 marks]
y = f(x) satisfies the equation tan x = 2x.
Markscheme
attempt to use quotient rule or product rule M1
−1
sin x( 12 x 2 )−√ x cos x
(= ) A1A1
1 √ x cos x
f ′ (x) = 2 −
sin x 2√ x sin x sin2x
1 √ x cos x
Note: Award A1 for or equivalent and A1 for − or equivalent.
2√ x sin x sin2x
setting f ′ (x) = 0 M1
sin x
2√ x
− √x cos x = 0
sin x
2√ x
= √x cos x or equivalent A1
tan x = 2x AG
[5 marks]
15b. Determine the values of x for which f(x) is a decreasing function. [2 marks]
Markscheme
x = 1.17
0 < x ⩽ 1.17 A1A1
Note: Award A1 for 0 < x and A1 for x ⩽ 1.17. Accept x < 1.17.
[2 marks]
= ( )
15c. Sketch the graph of y = f(x) showing clearly the minimum point and [3 marks]
any asymptotic behaviour.
Markscheme
concave up curve over correct domain with one minimum point above the x-
axis. A1
approaches x = 0 asymptotically A1
approaches x = π asymptotically A1
Note: For the final A1 an asymptote must be seen, and π must be seen on the
x-axis or in an equation.
[3 marks]
15d. Find the coordinates of the point on the graph of f where the normal to [4 marks]
the graph is parallel to the line y = −x.
Markscheme
⎛ ⎞
−1
sin x( 12 x 2 )−√ x cos x
f ′ (x) ⎜= ⎟ = 1 (A1)
⎝ sin2x
⎠
attempt to solve for x (M1)
x = 1.96 A1
y = f(1.96 …)
= 1.51 A1
[4 marks]
= ( )
Consider the region bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis and the lines
x = π6 , x = π3 .
15e. This region is now rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis. Find the [3 marks]
volume of revolution.
Markscheme
π
V = π ∫ π3 xdx (M1)(A1)
6 sin2x
Note: M1 is for an integral of the correct squared function (with or without
limits and/or π).
= 2.68(= 0.852π) A1
[3 marks]
The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random
variable A, in terms of an angle θ.
16a. Show that cos θ = 3 . [6 marks]

4
Markscheme
evidence of summing to 1 (M1)
eg ∑ p = 1
correct equation A1
eg cos θ + 2 cos 2θ = 1
cos θ A1
correct equation in
eg cos θ + 2(2 cos2 θ − 1) = 1, 4 cos2 θ + cos θ − 3 = 0
evidence of valid approach to solve quadratic (M1)
−1±√1−4×4×(−3)
eg factorizing equation set equal to 0, 8
correct working, clearly leading to required answer A1
−1±7
eg (4 cos θ − 3)(cos θ + 1), 8
correct reason for rejecting cos θ ≠ −1 R1
eg cos θ is a probability (value must lie between 0 and 1), cos θ > 0
Note: Award R0 for cos θ ≠ −1 without a reason.
3
cos θ = 4
AG N0
tan > 0 tan

16b. Given that tan θ > 0, find tan θ. [3 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg sketch of right triangle with sides 3 and 4, sin 2 x + cos2 x = 1
correct working
(A1)
√7
eg missing side = √7, 4

3
4
√7
tan θ = 3
A1 N2
[3 marks]
1
1
16c. Let y= 0 < x < π2 . The graph of ybetween x = θ and x = π4 [6 marks]
cos x , for
is rotated 360° about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute either limits or the function into formula involving f 2
(M1)
π 2
eg π ∫θ4 f 2 , ∫ ( cos1 x )
correct substitution of both limits and function (A1)
π 2
eg π ∫θ4 ( cos1 x ) dx
correct integration (A1)
eg tan x
substituting their limits into their integrated function and subtracting (M1)
eg tan π4 − tan θ
Note: Award M0 if they substitute into original or differentiated function.
π
tan 4
=1 (A1)
eg 1 − tan θ
π√7
V = π− 3
A1 N3
[6 marks]
( ) = ( − )( − 3)
A quadratic function f can be written in the form f(x) = a(x − p)(x − 3). The
graph of f has axis of symmetry x = 2.5 and y-intercept at (0, − 6)
17a. Find the value of p. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using x-intercept)
determining that 3 is an x-intercept (M1)
eg x − 3 = 0,
valid approach (M1)

p+3
eg 3 − 2.5, 2 = 2.5
p=2 A1 N2
METHOD 2 (expanding f (x))
correct expansion (accept absence of a ) (A1)
eg ax2 − a(3 + p)x + 3ap, x2 − (3 + p)x + 3p
valid approach involving equation of axis of symmetry (M1)
−b a(3+p) 3+p
eg 2a
= 2.5, 2a
= 52 , 2 = 5
2
p=2 A1 N2
METHOD 3 (using derivative)
correct derivative (accept absence of a ) (A1)
eg a(2x − 3 − p), 2x − 3 − p
valid approach (M1)
eg f ′ (2.5) = 0
p=2 A1 N2
[3 marks]
17b. Find the value of a . [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute (0, − 6) (M1)
2
eg −6 = a(0 − 2)(0 − 3), a(0) − 5a(0) + 6a = −6

eg −6 = 6a
a = −1 A1 N2
[3 marks]
= −5
17c. The line y = kx − 5 is a tangent to the curve of f . Find the values of k. [8 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using discriminant)
recognizing tangent intersects curve once (M1)
recognizing one solution when discriminant = 0 M1
attempt to set up equation (M1)
eg g = f, kx − 5 = −x2 + 5x − 6
rearranging their equation to equal zero (M1)
eg x2 − 5x + kx + 1 = 0
correct discriminant (if seen explicitly, not just in quadratic formula) A1
eg (k − 5)2 − 4, 25 − 10k + k2 − 4
10±√100−4×21
eg k − 5 = ±2, (k − 3)(k − 7) = 0, 2
k = 3, 7 A1A1 N0
METHOD 2 (using derivatives)
attempt to set up equation (M1)
eg g = f, kx − 5 = −x2 + 5x − 6
recognizing derivative/slope are equal (M1)
eg f ′ = m T , f ′ = k
correct derivative of f (A1)
eg −2x + 5
attempt to set up equation in terms of either x or k M1
eg
2
(−2x + 5)x − 5 = −x2 + 5x − 6, k ( 5−2 k ) − 5 = −( 5−2 k ) + 5 ( 5−2 k ) − 6
rearranging their equation to equal zero (M1)
eg x2 − 1 = 0, k2 − 10k + 21 = 0
10±√100−4×21
eg x = ±1, (k − 3)(k − 7) = 0, 2
k = 3, 7 A1A1 N0
[8 marks]
( )= + + c
The function f is of the form f(x) = ax + b + xc , where a , b and c are positive
integers.
Part of the graph of y = f(x) is shown on the axes below. The graph of the
function has its local maximum at (−2, − 2) and its local minimum at (2, 6).
18a. Draw the line y = −6 on the axes. [1 mark]
Markscheme
(A1) (C1)
Note: The command term “Draw” states: “A ruler (straight edge) should be
used for straight lines”; do not accept a freehand y = −6 line.
[1 mark]
( ) = −6
18b. Write down the number of solutions to f(x) = −6. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2 (A1)(ft) (C1)
Note: Follow through from part (b)(i).
[1 mark]
18c. Find the range of values of k for which f(x) = k has no solution. [2 marks]
Markscheme
−2 < k < 6 (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for both end points correct and (A1) for correct strict
inequalities.
Award at most (A1)(A0) if the stated variable is different from k or y for
example −2 < x < 6 is (A1)(A0).
[2 marks]
Line L intersects the x-axis at point A and the y-axis at point B, as shown on the
diagram.
The length of line segment OB is three times the length of line segment OA, where
O is the origin.
Point (2, 6) lies on L.
19a. Find the equation of L in the form y = mx + c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
6 = −3(2) + cOR(y − 6) = −3(x − 2) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of their gradient from part (a) into a
correct equation with the coordinates (2, 6) correctly substituted.
y = −3x + 12 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for their correct equation. Follow through from part
(a).
If no method seen, award (A1)(A0) for y = −3x.
Award (A1)(A0) for −3x + 12.
[2 marks]
19b. Find the x-coordinate of point A. [2 marks]

Markscheme
0 = −3x + 12 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of y = 0 in their equation from part (b).
(x =) 4 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Notes: Follow through from their equation from part (b). Do not follow
through if no method seen. Do not award the final (A1) if the value of x is
negative or zero.
[2 marks]
20a. Express x2 + 3x + 2 in the form (x + h)2 + k. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2
x2 + 3x + 2 = (x + 32 ) − 1
4
A1
[1 mark]
20b. Factorize x2 + 3x + 2. [1 mark]

Markscheme
x2 + 3x + 2 = (x + 2)(x + 1) A1
[1 mark]
1
Consider the function f(x) = x2+3x+2
, x ∈ R, x ≠ −2, x ≠ −1.
20c. Sketch the graph of f(x), indicating on it the equations of the [5 marks]
asymptotes, the coordinates of the y-intercept and the local maximum.
Markscheme
A1 for the shape

A1 for the equation y = 0
A1 for asymptotes x = −2 and x = −1
A1 for coordinates (− 32 , − 4)
A1 y-intercept (0, 12 )
[5 marks]
1
20d. Hence find the value of p if ∫ 1 f(x)dx = ln(p). [4 marks]
0
Markscheme
1
∫
1 1
0
x+1
− x+2
dx
= [ln(x + 1) − ln(x + 2)]10 A1
= ln 2 − ln 3 − ln 1 + ln 2 M1
= ln( 43 ) M1A1
4
∴p= 3
[4 marks]
= (| |)
20e. Sketch the graph of y = f (|x|). [2 marks]
Markscheme
symmetry about the y-axis M1

correct shape A1
Note: Allow FT from part (b).
[2 marks]
20f. Determine the area of the region enclosed between the graph of [3 marks]
y = f (|x|), the x-axis and the lines with equations x = −1 and x = 1.
Markscheme
1
2 ∫0 f(x)dx (M1)(A1)
= 2 ln( 43 ) A1
Note: Do not award FT from part (e).
[3 marks]
The function f is defined by f(x) = 2x3 + 5, − 2 ⩽ x ⩽ 2.
21a. Write down the range of f . [2 marks]

Markscheme
−11 ⩽ f(x) ⩽ 21 A1A1
Note: A1 for correct end points, A1 for correct inequalities.
[2 marks]
21b. Find an expression for f −1 (x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
f −1 (x) = √
3 x−5
2 (M1)A1
[2 marks]
21c. Write down the domain and range of f −1 . [2 marks]
Markscheme
−11 ⩽ x ⩽ 21, − 2 ⩽ f −1 (x) ⩽ 2 A1A1
[2 marks]
The following table shows a probability distribution for the random variable X,
where E(X) = 1.2 .
22a. Find q. [2 marks]
Markscheme
correct substitution into E(X) formula (A1)
eg 0(p) + 1(0.5) + 2(0.3) + 3(q) = 1.2
1
q= 30
, 0.0333 A1 N2
[2 marks]
22b. Find p. [2 marks]
Markscheme
evidence of summing probabilities to 1 (M1)
eg p + 0.5 + 0.3 + q = 1
p = 16 , 0.167 A1 N2
[2 marks]
A bag contains white and blue marbles, with at least three of each colour. Three
marbles are drawn from the bag, without replacement. The number of blue
marbles drawn is given by the random variable X .
22c. Write down the probability of drawing three blue marbles. [1 mark]
Markscheme
1
P (3 blue) = 30
, 0.0333 A1 N1
[1 mark]
1
22d. Explain why the probability of drawing three white marbles is 1 . [1 mark]
6
Markscheme
valid reasoning R1
eg P (3 white) = P(0 blue)
1
P(3 white) = 6
AG N0
[1 mark]
22e. The bag contains a total of ten marbles of which w are white. Find w. [3 marks]
Markscheme
valid method (M1)
w
eg P(3 white) = 10 × w−1
9
× w−2
8
, wC3
10C3
correct equation A1
w−1 w−2
eg w
10
× 9
× 8
= 16 , wC3
10C3
= 0.167
w=6 A1 N2
[3 marks]
A game is played in which three marbles are drawn from the bag of ten marbles,
without replacement. A player wins a prize if three white marbles are drawn.
22f. Jill plays the game nine times. Find the probability that she wins exactly [2 marks]
two prizes.
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
9
eg B(n, p), ( ) pr q n−r , (0.167)2 (0.833)7 , ( )
n
r 2
0.279081
0.279 A1 N2
[2 marks]
22g. Grant plays the game until he wins two prizes. Find the probability that [4 marks]
he wins his second prize on his eighth attempt.
Markscheme
recognizing one prize in first seven attempts (M1)
7
eg ( ) , ( 16 ) ( 56 )
1 6
1
7
eg ( ) ( 16 ) ( 56 ) , 0.390714
1 6
1
correct approach (A1)
7
eg ( ) ( 16 ) ( 56 ) × 16
1 6
1
0.065119
0.0651 A1 N2
[4 marks]
= ( ) −6 ⩽ ⩽ −2
The following diagram shows the graph of a function y = f(x), for −6 ⩽ x ⩽ −2.
The points (−6, 6) and (−2, 6) lie on the graph of f . There is a minimum point at
(−4, 0).
23a. Write down the range of f . [2 marks]
Markscheme
eg 0 ⩽ y ⩽ 6, [0, 6], from 0 to 6
[2 marks]
( ) = ( − 5)
Let g(x) = f(x − 5).
23b. Write down the domain of g . [2 marks]
Markscheme
eg −1 ⩽ x ⩽ 3, [−1, 3], from −1 to 3
[2 marks]
Let f(x) = x2 − 1 and g(x) = x2 − 2, for x ∈ R.
24a. Show that (f ∘ g)(x) = x4 − 4x2 + 3. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to form composite in either order (M1)
eg f(x2 − 2), (x2 − 1)2 − 2
(x4 − 4x2 + 4) − 1 A1
(f ∘ g)(x) = x4 − 4x2 + 3 AG N0
[2 marks]
24b. On the following grid, sketch the graph of (f ∘ g)(x), for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2.25. [3 marks]
Markscheme
A1
A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape which changes from

concave down to concave up. Only if this A1 is awarded, award the following:
A1 for left hand endpoint in circle and right hand endpoint in oval,
A1 for minimum in oval.
[3 marks]
( ∘ )( ) = 0⩽ ⩽ 2.25
24c. The equation (f ∘ g)(x) = k has exactly two solutions, for 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 2.25[3 marks]
. Find the possible values of k.
Markscheme
evidence of identifying max/min as relevant points (M1)
eg x = 0, 1.41421, y = −1, 3
correct interval (inclusion/exclusion of endpoints must be correct) A2 N3
eg −1 < k ⩽ 3, ]−1, 3] , (−1, 3]
[3 marks]
4 2
Consider the function f(x) = −x4 + ax2 + 5, where a is a constant. Part of the
graph of y = f(x) is shown below.
25a. Write down the y-intercept of the graph. [1 mark]
Markscheme
5 (A1)
Note: Accept an answer of (0, 5).
[1 mark]
25b. Find f ′ (x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
(f ′ (x) =) − 4x3 + 2ax (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for −4x3 and (A1) for +2ax. Award at most (A1)(A0) if
extra terms are seen.
[2 marks]
It is known that at the point where x = 2 the tangent to the graph of y = f(x) is
horizontal.
25c. Show that a = 8. [2 marks]
Markscheme
−4 × 23 + 2a × 2 = 0 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of x = 2 into their derivative, (M1) for
equating their derivative, written in terms of a , to 0 leading to a correct
answer (note, the 8 does not need to be seen).
a=8 (AG)
[2 marks]
(2)
25d. Find f(2). [2 marks]
Markscheme
(f(2) =) − 24 + 8 × 22 + 5 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of x = 2 and a = 8 into the

formula of the function.
21 (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
There are two other points on the graph of y = f(x) at which the tangent is
horizontal.
25e. Write down the x-coordinates of these two points; [2 marks]
Markscheme
(x =) − 2, (x =) 0 (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct solution. Award at most (A0)(A1)(ft) if
answers are given as (−2 , 21) and (0, 5) or (−2, 0) and (0, 0).
[2 marks]
= ( )
25f. Write down the intervals where the gradient of the graph of y = f(x) is [2 marks]
positive.
Markscheme
x < −2, 0 < x < 2 (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for x < −2, follow through from part (d)(i) provided
their value is negative.
Award (A1)(ft) for 0 < x < 2, follow through only from their 0 from part (d)(i);
2 must be the upper limit.
Accept interval notation.
[2 marks]
25g. Write down the range of f(x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
y ⩽ 21 (A1)(ft)(A1)
Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for 21 seen in an interval or an inequality, (A1) for “

y ⩽”.
Accept −∞ < y ⩽ 21 or f(x) ⩽ 21.
Follow through from their answer to part (c)(ii). Award at most (A1)(ft)(A0) if
x is seen instead of y. Do not award the second (A1) if a (finite) lower limit is
seen.
[2 marks]
25h. Write down the number of possible solutions to the equation f(x) = 5. [1 mark]
Markscheme
3 (solutions) (A1)
[1 mark]
( )= ∈R
25i. The equation f(x) = m, where m ∈ R, has four solutions. Find the [2 marks]
possible values of m .
Markscheme
5 < m < 21 or equivalent (A1)(ft)(A1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for 5 and 21 seen in an interval or an inequality, (A1)

for correct strict inequalities. Follow through from their answers to parts (a)
and (c)(ii).
[2 marks]
Consider f(x) = −1 + ln(√x2 − 1)
26a. Find the largest possible domain D for f to be a function. [2 marks]

Markscheme
x2 − 1 > 0 (M1)
x < −1 or x > 1 A1
[2 marks]
The function f is defined by f(x) = −1 + ln(√x2 − 1), x ∈ D
26b. Sketch the graph of y = f(x) showing clearly the equations of [3 marks]
asymptotes and the coordinates of any intercepts with the axes.
Markscheme
shape A1
x = 1 and x = −1 A1
x-intercepts A1
[3 marks]
26c. Explain why f is an even function. [1 mark]
Markscheme
EITHER
f is symmetrical about the y-axis R1
OR
f(−x) = f(x) R1
[1 mark]
−1
26d. Explain why the inverse function f −1 does not exist. [1 mark]
Markscheme
EITHER
f is not one-to-one function R1
OR
horizontal line cuts twice R1
Note: Accept any equivalent correct statement.
[1 mark]
The function g is defined by g(x) = −1 + ln(√x2 − 1), x ∈ ]1, ∞[.
26e. Find the inverse function g −1 and state its domain. [4 marks]
Markscheme
x = −1 + ln(√y 2 − 1) M1
e2x+2 = y 2 − 1 M1
g −1 (x) = √e2x+2 + 1, x ∈ R A1A1
[4 marks]
26f. Find g ′ (x). [3 marks]
Markscheme
1 2x
g ′ (x) = × M1A1
√x2−1 2√x2−1
g ′ (x) = x
x2−1
A1
[3 marks]
26g. Hence, show that there are no solutions to g ′ (x) = 0; [2 marks]

Markscheme
g ′ (x) = x
x2−1
=0⇒x=0 M1
which is not in the domain of g (hence no solutions to g ′ (x) = 0) R1
[2 marks]
26h. Hence, show that there are no solutions to (g −1 )′ (x) = 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
e2x+2
(g −1 )′ (x) = M1
√ e2x+2+1
as e2x+2 > 0 ⇒ (g −1 )′ (x) > 0 so no solutions to (g −1 )′ (x) = 0 R1
Note: Accept: equation e2x+2 = 0 has no solutions.
[2 marks]
2
27a. Find the set of values of k that satisfy the inequality k2 − k − 12 < 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
k2 − k − 12 < 0
(k − 4)(k + 3) < 0 (M1)
−3 < k < 4 A1
[2 marks]
27b. The triangle ABC is shown in the following diagram. Given that [4 marks]
cos B < 14 , find the range of possible values for AB.
Markscheme
22+c2−42
cos B = 4c
(or 16 = 22 + c2 − 4c cos B) M1
c2−12
⇒ 4c
< 14 A1
⇒ c2 − c − 12 <0
from result in (a)
0 < AB < 4 or −3 < AB < 4 (A1)
but AB must be at least 2
⇒ 2 < AB < 4 A1
Note: Allow ⩽ AB for either of the final two A marks.
[4 marks]
Let f(x) = x2 − 4x + 5.
The function can also be expressed in the form f(x) = (x − h)2 + k.
28. (i) Write down the value of h . [4 marks]

(ii) Find the value of k.
Markscheme
(i) h=2 A1 N1
(ii) METHOD 1
valid attempt to find k (M1)
egf(2)
correct substitution into their function (A1)
eg(2)2 − 4(2) + 5
k=1 A1 N2
METHOD 2
valid attempt to complete the square (M1)
egx2 − 4x + 4
eg(x2 − 4x + 4) − 4 + 5, (x − 2)2 + 1
k=1 A1 N2
[4 marks]
The graph of the quadratic function f(x) = c + bx − x2 intersects the x-axis at

the point A(−1, 0) and has its vertex at the point B(3, 16).
29a. Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry for this graph. [2 marks]
Markscheme
x=3 (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for x = constant, (A1) for the constant being 3.
The answer must be an equation.
[2 marks]
29b. Find the value of b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
−b
2(−1)
=3 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into axis of symmetry formula.
OR
b − 2x = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correctly differentiating and equating to zero.
OR
c + b(−1) − (−1)2 = 0 (or equivalent)
c + b(3) − (3)2 = 16 (or equivalent) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of (−1, 0) and (3, 16) in the
original quadratic function.
(b =) 6 (A1)(ft) (C2)
[2 marks]
29c. Write down the range of f(x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
(−∞, 16] OR ]−∞, 16] (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for two correct interval endpoints, (A1) for left endpoint
excluded and right endpoint included.
[2 marks]
2
30. The quadratic equation x2 − 2kx + (k − 1) = 0 has roots α and β such [6 marks]
that α2 + β 2 = 4. Without solving the equation, find the possible values of the
real number k.
Markscheme
α + β = 2k A1
αβ = k − 1 A1

αβ
(α + β)2 = 4k2 ⇒ α2 + β 2 + 2 k−1 = 4k2 (M1)
α2 + β 2 = 4k2 − 2k + 2
α2 + β 2 = 4 ⇒ 4k2 − 2k − 2 = 0 A1
attempt to solve quadratic (M1)
1
k = 1, − 2 A1
[6 marks]
( ) = e− ( ) = −3 ( ) + 1
Letf(x) = xe−x and g(x) = −3f(x) + 1.
The graphs of f and g intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.
31a. Find the value of p and of q. [3 marks]
Markscheme
valid attempt to find the intersection (M1)
egf = g , sketch, one correct answer
p = 0.357402, q = 2.15329
p = 0.357, q = 2.15 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]
31b. Hence, find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g . [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to set up an integral involving subtraction (in any order) (M1)
q q q
eg∫p [f(x) − g(x)] dx, ∫p f(x)dx− ∫p g(x)dx
0.537667
area = 0.538 A2 N3
[3 marks]


BOYS
marks]
A water container is made in the shape of a cylinder with internal height h cm and
internal base radius r cm.
The water container has no top. The inner surfaces of the container are to be
coated with a water-resistant material.
1a. Write down a formula for A, the surface area to be coated. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(A =) πr2 + 2πrh (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for either πr2 OR 2πrh seen. Award (A1) for two correct
terms added together.
[2 marks]
The volume of the water container is 0.5m3 .
1b. Express this volume in cm3 . [1 mark]
Markscheme
500 000 (A1)
Notes: Units not required.
[1 mark]
1c. Write down, in terms of r and h, an equation for the volume of this water [1 mark]
container.
Markscheme
500 000 = πr2 h (A1)(ft)
Notes: πr2 h equating to their part (b).

Award (A1)(ft) for
Do not accept unless V = πr2 h is explicitly defined as their part (b).
[1 mark]
1 000 000
1d. Show that A = πr2 + r
. [2 marks]
Markscheme
A = πr2 + 2πr ( 500πr000
2 ) (A1)(ft)(M1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their 500 000

2 seen.
πr
Award (M1) for correctly substituting only 500 000
2 into a correct part (a).
πr
500 000
Award (A1)(ft)(M1) for rearranging part (c) to πrh = r
and substituting
for πrh in expression for A.
1 000 000
A = πr2 + r
(AG)
Notes: The conclusion, A = πr2 + 1 000r 000 , must be consistent with their
working seen for the (A1) to be awarded.
Accept 106 as equivalent to 1 000 000.
[2 marks]
The water container is designed so that the area to be coated is minimized.
1e. Find dA . [3 marks]

dr
Markscheme
1 000 000
2πr − r2
(A1)(A1)(A1)
1
Note: Award (A1) for 2πr, (A1) for or r−2 , (A1) for −1 000 000.
r2
[3 marks]
1f. Using your answer to part (e), find the value of r which minimizes A. [3 marks]
Markscheme
1 000 000
2πr − r2
=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating their part (e) to zero.
r3 = 1 000 000
2π
OR r=√
3 1 000 000
2π
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for isolating r.
OR
sketch of derivative function (M1)
with its zero indicated (M1)
(r =) 54.2 (cm) (54.1926 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)
[3 marks]
1g. Find the value of this minimum area. [2 marks]
Markscheme
1 000 000
π(54.1926 …)2 + (54.1926…)
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of their part (f) into the given
equation.
= 27 700 (cm2 ) (27 679.0 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)

[2 marks]
2
One can of water-resistant material coats a surface area of 2000cm 2 .
1h. Find the least number of cans of water-resistant material that will coat [3 marks]
the area in part (g).
Markscheme
27 679.0…
2000
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for dividing their part (g) by 2000.
= 13.8395 … (A1)(ft)
Notes: Follow through from part (g).
14 (cans) (A1)(ft)(G3)
Notes: Final (A1) awarded for rounding up their 13.8395 … to the next
integer.
[3 marks]
( ) = 3 arccos( ) −1 ⩽ ⩽1
Consider the function f defined by f(x) = 3x arccos(x) where −1 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.
2a. Sketch the graph of f indicating clearly any intercepts with the axes and [3 marks]
the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points.
Markscheme
correct shape passing through the origin and correct domain A1
Note: Endpoint coordinates are not required. The domain can be indicated by
−1 and 1 marked on the axis.
(0.652, 1.68) A1
two correct intercepts (coordinates not required) A1
Note: A graph passing through the origin is sufficient for (0, 0).
[3 marks]
2b. State the range of f . [2 marks]

Markscheme
[−9.42, 1.68] (or − 3π, 1.68]) A1A1
Note: Award A1A0 for open or semi-open intervals with correct endpoints.
Award A1A0 for closed intervals with one correct endpoint.
[2 marks]
2c. Solve the inequality |3x arccos(x)| > 1. [4 marks]

Markscheme
attempting to solve either |3x arccos(x)| > 1 (or equivalent) or
|3x arccos(x)| = 1 (or equivalent) (eg. graphically) (M1)
x = −0.189, 0.254, 0.937 (A1)

−1 ⩽ x < −0.189 or 0.254 < x < 0.937 A1A1
Note: Award A0 for x < −0.189.
[4 marks]
Let A be the set {x|x ∈ R, x ≠ 0}. Let B be the set {x|x ∈] − 1, + 1[, x ≠ 0}.
2
A function f : A → B is defined by f(x) = π
arctan(x).
3a. (i) Sketch the graph of y = f(x) and hence justify whether or not f [13 marks]
is a bijection.
(ii) Show that A is a group under the binary operation of multiplication.
(iii) Give a reason why B is not a group under the binary operation of
multiplication.
(iv) Find an example to show that f(a × b) = f(a) × f(b) is not satisfied for all
a, b ∈ A.
Markscheme
(i) A1
Notes: Award A1 for general shape, labelled asymptotes, and showing that
x ≠ 0.
graph shows that it is injective since it is increasing or by the horizontal line

test R1
graph shows that it is surjective by the horizontal line test R1
Note: Allow any convincing reasoning.
so f is a bijection A1
(ii) closed since non-zero real times non-zero real equals non-zero real
A1R1
we know multiplication is associative R1
identity is 1 A1
1
inverse of x is x
(x ≠ 0) A1
hence it is a group AG
(iii) B does not have an identity A2
hence it is not a group AG
1 1 1 1
(iv) f(1 × 1) = f(1) = 2 whereas f(1) × f(1) = 2 × 2 = 4
is one
counterexample A2
hence statement is not satisfied AG
[13 marks]
{ | ∈ R, > 0}
Let D be the set {x|x ∈ R, x > 0}.
A function g : R → D is defined by g(x) = ex .
3b. (i) Sketch the graph of y = g(x) and hence justify whether or not g is a [8 marks]
bijection.
(ii) Show that g(a + b) = g(a) × g(b) for all a, b ∈ R.
(iii) Given that {R, +} and {D, ×} are both groups, explain whether or not they
are isomorphic.
Markscheme
award A1 for general shape going through (0, 1) and with domain R A1
graph shows that it is injective since it is increasing or by the horizontal line
test and graph shows that it is surjective by the horizontal line test R1
Note: Allow any convincing reasoning.
so g is a bijection A1
(ii) g(a + b) = ea+b and g(a) × g(b) = ea × eb = ea+b M1A1
hence g(a + b) = g(a) × g(b) AG
(iii) since g is a bijection and the homomorphism rule is obeyed R1R1
the two groups are isomorphic A1
[8 marks]


BOYS
IB Math Mid-term (long)1 [306
marks]
1a. Show that 1−tan2 θ [1 mark]

cot 2θ = 2 tan θ
.
Markscheme
stating the relationship between cot and tan and stating the identity for tan 2θ
M1
1 2 tan θ
cot 2θ = tan 2θ
and tan 2θ = 1−tan2 θ
1−tan2 θ
⇒ cot 2θ = 2 tan θ
AG
[1 mark]
= tan = − cot
1b. Verify that x = tan θ and x = − cot θ satisfy the equation [7 marks]
x2 + (2 cot 2θ) x − 1 = 0.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to substitute tan θ for x and using the result from (a) M1
LHS = tan2 θ + 2 tan θ ( 2 tan )−1

1−tan2 θ
A1
θ
tan2 θ + 1 − tan2 θ − 1 = 0(= RHS) A1

so x = tan θ satisfies the equation AG
attempting to substitute − cot θ for x and using the result from (a) M1
LHS = cot2 θ − 2 cot θ ( 2 tan )−1

1−tan2 θ
A1
θ
− ( 1−tan )−1
2
1 θ
= tan2 θ tan2 θ
A1
1 1
tan2 θ
− tan2 θ
+ 1 − 1 = 0(= RHS) A1
so x = − cot θ satisfies the equation AG
METHOD 2
let α = tan θ and β = − cot θ
attempting to find the sum of roots M1
1
α + β = tan θ − tan θ
tan2 θ −1
= tan θ
A1
= −2 cot 2θ (from part (a)) A1

attempting to find the product of roots M1
αβ = tan θ × (− cot θ) A1
= −1 A1
the coefficient of x and the constant term in the quadratic are 2 cot 2θ and
−1 respectively R1
hence the two roots are α = tan θ and β = − cot θ AG
[7 marks]
π
tan = 2 − √3
1c. Hence, or otherwise, show that the exact value of tan π = 2 − √3. [5 marks]
12
Markscheme
METHOD 1
π
x = tan 12 π
and x = −cot 12 are roots of x2 + (2 cot π6 ) x − 1 = 0 R1
π
Note: Award R1 if only x = tan 12 is stated as a root of
2 π
x + (2 cot 6 ) x − 1 = 0.
x2 + 2√3x − 1 = 0 A1
attempting to solve their quadratic equation M1
x = −√3 ± 2 A1
π π
tan 12 > 0 (−cot 12 < 0) R1
π
so tan 12 = 2 − √3 AG
METHOD 2
π
attempting to substitute θ= 12 into the identity for tan 2θ M1
2 tan 12
π
tan π6 = 1−tan2 12
π
tan2 12
π π
+ 2√3 tan 12 −1=0 A1
attempting to solve their quadratic equation M1
π
tan 12 = −√3 ± 2 A1
π
tan 12 >0 R1
π
so tan 12 = 2 − √3 AG
[5 marks]
1d. Using the results from parts (b) and (c) find the exact value of [6 marks]
π π
tan 24 − cot 24 .
Give your answer in the form a + b√3 where a, b ∈ Z.

Markscheme
π
tan 24 π
− cot 24 is the sum of the roots of x2 + (2 cot 12
π
)x− 1 = 0 R1
π π π
tan 24 − cot 24 = −2 cot 12 A1
−2
= A1
2−√3
attempting to rationalise their denominator (M1)
= −4 − 2√3 A1A1
[6 marks]
The following diagram shows the graph of y = −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3.
2a. Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of [3 marks]

y = √x for x ≥ 0 to the graph of y = −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3.
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
for example,
a reflection in the x-axis (in the line y = 0) A1
a horizontal translation (shift) 3 units to the left A1
a vertical translation (shift) down by 1 unit A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct transformation applied in a correct position
in the sequence. Do not accept use of the “move” for a translation.
Note: Award A1A1A1 for a correct alternative sequence of transformations.
For example,
a vertical translation (shift) down by 1 unit, followed by a horizontal translation
(shift) 3 units to the left and then a reflection in the line y = −1.
[3 marks]
A function f is defined by f(x)= −1 − √x + 3 for x ≥ −3.
2b. State the range of f . [1 mark]
Markscheme
range is f(x)≤ −1 A1
Note: Correct alternative notations include ]−∞, −1], (−∞, −1] or y ≤ −1.
[1 mark]
−1
2c. Find an expression for f −1 (x), stating its domain. [5 marks]
Markscheme
−1 − √y + 3 = x M1
Note: Award M1 for interchanging x and y (can be done at a later stage).
√y + 3 = −x − 1(= −(x + 1)) A1
y + 3 = (x + 1)2 A1
so f −1 (x)= (x + 1)2 − 3(f −1 (x)= x2 + 2x − 2) A1
domain is x ≤ −1 A1
Note: Correct alternative notations include ]−∞, −1] or (−∞, −1].
[5 marks]
= ( )
2d. Find the coordinates of the point(s) where the graphs of y = f(x) and [5 marks]
y = f −1 (x) intersect.
Markscheme
the point of intersection lies on the line y =x
EITHER
(x + 1)2 − 3 = x M1
attempts to solve their quadratic equation M1
−1±√12−4 ( 1 ) ( −2 )
for example, (x + 2)(x − 1)= 0 or x = 2 (x = 2 )
−1±3
OR
−1 − √x + 3 = x M1
2
(−1 − √x + 3) = x2 ⇒ 2√x + 3 + x + 4 = x2
substitutes 2√x + 3 = −2(x + 1) to obtain −2(x + 1)+x + 4 = x2
−1±√12−4 ( 1 ) ( −2 )
for example, (x + 2)(x − 1)= 0 or x = 2 (x = 2 )
−1±3
THEN
x = −2, 1 A1
as x ≤ −1, the only solution is x = −2 R1
so the coordinates of the point of intersection are (−2, −2) A1
Note: Award R0A1 if (−2, −2) is stated without a valid reason given for
rejecting (1, 1).
[5 marks]
3
R
3
A function f is defined by f(x)= x2+2
,x ∈ R.
3a. Sketch the curve y = f(x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their [4 marks]
equations and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
a curve symmetrical about the y-axis with correct concavity that has a local
maximum point on the positive y-axis A1
a curve clearly showing that y → 0 as x → ±∞ A1
3
(0, 2 ) A1
horizontal asymptote y = 0 (x-axis) A1
[4 marks]
= ( ) =0
The region R is bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis and the lines x = 0
and x = √6. Let A be the area of R.
3b. √2π [4 marks]

Show that A = 2 .
Markscheme
3
attempts to find ∫ x2+2
dx (M1)
=[ 3
arctan x ] A1
√2 √2
Note: Award M1A0 for obtaining [k arctan x ] where k ≠ 3

.
√2 √2
Note: Condone the absence of or use of incorrect limits to this stage.
= 3
(arctan √3 − arctan 0) (M1)
√2
= 3
× π3 (= π
) A1
√2 √2
√2π
A= 2 AG
[4 marks]
=
The line x = k divides R into two regions of equal area.
3c. Find the value of k. [4 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
EITHER
k
∫ √2π
3
0
x2+2
dx = 4
3 √2π
arctan k = 4
(M1)
√2 √2
OR
√6
∫ √2π
3
k
x2+2
dx = 4
(arctan )= 4 π (M1)
3 k √2
√3 − arctan
√2 √2
k π
arctan √3 − arctan = 6
√2
THEN
k π
arctan = 6
A1
√2
k
= tan π6 (= 1
) A1
√2 √3
(= √ 23 ) A1
√6
k= 3
METHOD 2
k √6
∫ ∫
3 3
0
x2+2
dx = k
x2+2
dx
3
arctan k = 3
(arctan √3 − arctan k
) (M1)
√2 √2 √2 √2
k π
arctan = 6
A1
√2
k
= tan π6 (= 1
) A1
√2 √3
(= √ 23 ) A1
√6
k= 3
[4 marks]
= ( )
Let m be the gradient of a tangent to the curve y = f(x).
3d. Show that m 6x [2 marks]

=− .
( x2+2 ) 2
Markscheme
attempts to find dd ( 23 ) (M1)
x x +2
−2
=(3)(−1)(2x)(x2 + 2) A1
6x
so m=− AG
( x2+2 ) 2
[2 marks]
√
3e.
Show that the maximum value of m is 27
32
√ 23 . [7 marks]
Markscheme
attempts product rule or quotient rule differentiation M1
EITHER
dm −3 −2
dx
=(−6x)(−2)(2x)(x2 + 2) + (x2 + 2) (−6) A1
OR
2
dm ( x2+2 ) ( −6 ) − ( −6x ) ( 2 ) ( 2x ) ( x2+2 )
dx
= A1
( x2+2 ) 4
Note: Award A0 if the denominator is incorrect. Subsequent marks can be
awarded.
THEN
attempts to express their ddm as a rational fraction with a factorized
x
numerator M1
(= )
dm 6 ( x2+2 ) ( 3x2−2 ) 6 ( 3x2−2 )
dx
=
( x2+2 ) 4 ( x2+2 ) 3
attempts to solve their ddm = 0 for x M1

x
x = ±√ 23 A1
from the curve, the maximum value of m occurs at x = −√ 23 R1
(the minimum value of m occurs at x = √ 23 )

Note: Award R1 for any equivalent valid reasoning.
6 ( −√ 23 )
maximum value of m is − 2 2 A1
( ( −√ ) +2 )
2
3
leading to a maximum value of 27

32
√ 23 AG
[7 marks]
4
4a. Use the binomial theorem to expand (cos θ + i sin θ)4 . Give your answer[3 marks]
in the form a + bi where a and b are expressed in terms of sin θ and cos θ.
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
uses the binomial theorem on (cos θ + i sin θ)4 M1

= 4C0 cos4 θ + 4C1 cos3 θ(i sin θ)+ 4C2 cos2 θ(i2 sin2 θ)+ 4C3 cos θ(i3 sin3 θ)+ 4C
A1
= (cos4 θ − 6 cos2 θ sin2 θ + sin4 θ)+i(4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin3 θ) A1
[3 marks]
4b. Use de Moivre’s theorem and the result from part (a) to show that [5 marks]
cot4 θ −6cot2 θ +1
cot 4θ = 4cot3 θ −4cot θ
.
Markscheme
(using de Moivre’s theorem with n = 4 gives) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ (A1)
equates both the real and imaginary parts of cos 4θ + i sin 4θ and
(cos4 θ −6 cos2 θ sin2 θ + sin4 θ)+i(4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin3 θ) M1
cos 4θ = cos4 θ − 6 cos2 θ sin2 θ + sin4 θ and
sin 4θ = 4 cos3 θ sin θ − 4 cos θ sin3 θ
cos4θ
recognizes that cot 4θ = sin4θ
(A1)
cos4θ
substitutes for sin 4θ and cos 4θ into sin4θ
M1
cos4 θ −6cos2 θ sin2 θ +sin4 θ
cot 4θ =
4cos3 θ sin θ −4cos θ sin3 θ
divides the numerator and denominator by sin4 θ to obtain

cos4 θ −6 cos2 θ sin2 θ +sin4 θ
sin4 θ
cot 4θ = 4 cos3 θ sin θ −4 cos θ sin3 θ
A1
sin4 θ
cot4 θ −6cot2 θ +1
cot 4θ = 4cot3 θ −4cot θ
AG
[5 marks]
4c. Use the identity from part (b) to show that the quadratic equation [5 marks]
x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 has roots cot2 π8 and cot2 38π .
Markscheme
setting cot4θ = 0 and putting x = cot2 θ in the numerator of
4 −6cot 2 +1
cot 4θ = cot θ
3
4cot −4cot
θ
gives x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 M1
θ θ
attempts to solve cot 4θ = 0 for θ M1
3π
4θ = π
2 , 2 , … (4θ = 12 (2n + 1)π, n = 0, 1, …) (A1)
θ= π
8
, 38π A1
Note: Do not award the final A1 if solutions other than θ= π
8
, 38π are listed.
3π
4θ = 0(θ = π8 ,
finding the roots of cot 8
) corresponds to finding the roots of
x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 where x = cot2 θ R1
so the equation x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 as roots cot2 π8 and cot2 38π AG
[5 marks]
4d. Hence find the exact value of cot2 3π . [4 marks]

8
Markscheme
attempts to solve x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 for x M1
x = 3 ± 2√2 A1
since cot2 π8 > cot2 38π , cot2 38π has the smaller value of the two roots R1
Note: Award R1 for an alternative convincing valid reason.
so cot2 38π = 3 −2 √2 A1
[4 marks]
4e. Deduce a quadratic equation with integer coefficients, having roots [3 marks]
cosec2 π8 and cosec2 38π .
Markscheme
let y = cosec2 θ
uses cot2 θ = cosec2 θ − 1 where x = cot2 θ (M1)
x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 ⇒ (y − 1)2 − 6(y − 1)+1 = 0 M1
y 2 − 8y + 8 = 0 A1
[3 marks]
The temperature T °C of water t minutes after being poured into a cup can be
modelled by T = T0 e−kt where t ≥ 0 and T0 , k are positive constants.
The water is initially boiling at 100 °C. When t = 10, the temperature of the water
is 70 °C.
5a. Show that T0 = 100. [1 mark]
Markscheme
formal exam papers.
when t = 0, T = 100 ⇒ 100 = T0 e0 A1
so T0 = 100 AG
[1 mark]
5b. Show that k = 1 ln 10 . [3 marks]

10 7
Markscheme
correct substitution of t = 10, T = 70 M1
7
70 = 100e−10k or e−10k = 10
EITHER
7
−10k = ln 10
A1
7
ln 10
= − ln 10
7
or − ln 7
10
= ln 10
7
A1
OR
e10k = 10
7
A1
10
10k = ln 7
A1
THEN
1
k= 10
ln 10
7
AG
[3 marks]
5c. Find the temperature of the water when t = 15. [2 marks]
Markscheme
substitutes t = 15 into T (M1)
T = 58. 6 (°C) A1
[2 marks]
5d. Sketch the graph of T versus t, clearly indicating any asymptotes with [4 marks]
their equations and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection
with the axes.
Markscheme
a decreasing exponential A1
starting at(0, 100) labelled on the graph or stated A1
T → 0 as t → ∞ A1
horizontal asymptote T = 0 labelled on the graph or stated A1
Note: Award A0 for stating y = 0 as the horizontal asymptote.
[4 marks]
50 °C
5e. Find the time taken for the water to have a temperature of 50 °C. Give [4 marks]
your answer correct to the nearest second.
Markscheme
1
100e−kt = 50 where k = 10
ln 10
7
A1
EITHER
uses an appropriate graph to attempt to solve for t (M1)
OR
1 1 10
manipulates logs to attempt to solve for t e.g. ln 2 =(− 10 ln 7
)t (M1)
t= ln2 = 19. 433 … A1
1 10
ln
10 7
THEN
temperature will be 50 °C after 19 minutes and 26 seconds A1
[4 marks]
5f. The model for the temperature of the water can also be expressed in the [3 marks]
t
form T = T0 a 10 for t ≥ 0 and a is a positive constant.
Find the exact value of a .
Markscheme
METHOD 1
t
substitutes T0 = 100, t = 10 and T = 70 into T = T0 a 10 (M1)
10
70 = 100a 10 A1
7
a= 10
A1
METHOD 2
t
1
100a 10 = 100e−kt where k = 10
ln 10
7
EITHER
1
e−k = a 10 ⇒ a = e−10k (M1)
OR
10
( - 101 ln )t
a = (e )
10 t
7 (M1)
THEN
a = e− ln 7 (= eln 10 ) A1
10 7
7
a= 10
A1
[3 marks]
2 R
A function, f , has its derivative given by f'(x) = 3x2 − 12x + p, where p ∈ R.
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f'.
The graph of f' has an axis of symmetry x = q.
6a. Find the value of q. [2 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to use x = − 2ba (M1)
q = − −12
2×3
OR
attempt to complete the square (M1)
3(x − 2)2 − 12 + p
OR
attempt to differentiate and equate to 0 (M1)
f ''(x)= 6x − 12 = 0
THEN
q=2 A1
[2 marks]
The vertex of the graph of f' lies on the x-axis.
6b. Write down the value of the discriminant of f' . [1 mark]
Markscheme
discriminant =0 A1
[1 mark]
6c. Hence or otherwise, find the value of p. [3 marks]
Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to substitute into b2 − 4ac (M1)
(−12)2 − 4 × 3 × p = 0 A1
OR
f'(2) = 0 (M1)
−12 + p = 0 A1
THEN
p = 12 A1
[3 marks]
=0
6d. Find the value of the gradient of the graph of f' at x = 0. [3 marks]
Markscheme
f''(x)= 6x − 12 A1
attempt to find f''(0) (M1)
= 6 × 0 − 12
gradient = −12 A1
[3 marks]
6e. Sketch the graph of f'', the second derivative of f . Indicate clearly the x-[2 marks]
intercept and the y-intercept.
Markscheme
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for line with positive gradient, A1 for correct intercepts.
[2 marks]
=
The graph of f has a point of inflexion at x = a.
6f. Write down the value of a . [1 mark]
Markscheme
a=2 A1
[1 mark]
6g. Find the values of x for which the graph of f is concave-down. Justify [2 marks]
your answer.
Markscheme
x<2 A1
f ''(x)< 0 (for x < 2) OR the f '' is below the x-axis (for x < 2)
OR f '' (sign diagram must be labelled f '') R1
[2 marks]
1
R
Consider the series ln x + p ln x + 13 ln x + …, where x ∈ R, x > 1 and
p ∈ R, p ≠ 0.
Consider the case where the series is geometric.
7a. Show that 1 [2 marks]

p=± .
√3
Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to use a ratio from consecutive terms M1
1
ln x
pln x
ln x
= 3
pln x
OR 13 ln 1
x =(ln x)r2 OR p ln x = ln x( 3p )
1
Note: Candidates may use ln x1 + ln xp + ln x 3 … and consider the powers
of x in geometric sequence
1
p
Award M1 for 1 = 3
p
.
OR
1
r = p and r2 = 3
M1
THEN
1 1
p2 = 3
OR r=± A1
√3
1
p=± AG
√3
1 1
Note: Award M0A0 for r2 = 3
or p2 = 3
with no other working seen.
[2 marks]
>0 = 3 + √3
7b. Given that p > 0 and S∞ = 3 + √3, find the value of x. [3 marks]
Markscheme
ln x
1 (= 3 + √3) (A1)
1−
√3
3 √3
ln x = 3 − + √3 − OR ln x = 3 − √3 + √3 − 1 (⇒ ln x = 2)
√3 √3
A1
x = e2 A1
[3 marks]
Now consider the case where the series is arithmetic with common difference d.
7c. Show that p = 23 . [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to find a difference from consecutive terms or from u2 M1
correct equation A1
p ln x − ln x = 13 ln x − p ln x OR 1
3
ln x = ln x + 2(p ln x − ln x)
1
Note: Candidates may use ln x1 + ln xp + ln x 3 + … and consider the
powers of x in arithmetic sequence.
1
Award M1A1 for p−1= 3
−p
2p ln x = 43 ln x (⇒ 2p = 43 ) A1
2
p= 3
AG
METHOD 2
u 1+ u 3
attempt to use arithmetic mean u2 = 2 M1
1
ln x+ ln x
p ln x = 2
3
A1
2p ln x = 43 ln x (⇒ 2p = 43 ) A1
2
p= 3
AG
METHOD 3
attempt to find difference using u3 M1
1
3
ln x = ln x + 2d (⇒ d = − 13 ln x)
u2 = ln x + 12 ( 13 ln x − ln x) OR p ln x − ln x = − 13 ln x A1
p ln x = 23 ln x A1
2
p= 3
AG
[3 marks]
ln ∈Q
7d. Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1 mark]
Markscheme
d = − 13 ln x A1
[1 mark]
−3 ln
7e. The sum of the first n terms of the series is −3 ln x. [6 marks]
Find the value of n.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
Sn = n [2
2 ln x +(n − 1)×(− 13 ln x)]
attempt to substitute into Sn and equate to −3 ln x (M1)
n [2
2 ln x +(n − 1)×(− 13 ln x)]= −3 ln x
correct working with Sn (seen anywhere) (A1)
n [2 ln x − n ln x + 1 ln n ( n−1 )
2 3 3
x] OR n ln x − 6
ln x OR
n (ln x +( 4− n
)ln x)
2 3
correct equation without ln x A1

n( 7 n ( n−1 )
2 3 − n3 )= −3 OR n − 6
= −3 or equivalent
Note: Award as above if the series 1 + p + 13 + … is considered leading to

n( 7 − n3 )= −3.
2 3
attempt to form a quadratic =0 (M1)

n2 − 7n − 18 = 0
attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)
(n − 9)(n + 2)= 0
n=9 A1
METHOD 2
listing the first 7 terms of the sequence (A1)
ln x + 23 ln x + 13 ln x + 0 − 13 ln x − 23 ln x − ln x + …
recognizing first 7 terms sum to 0 M1
8th term is − 43 ln x (A1)

sum of 8th and 9th term = −3 ln x (A1)
n=9 A1
[6 marks]
The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .
The graph of f has its vertex at (3, 4), and it passes through point Q as shown.
8a. Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry. [1 mark]
Markscheme
x=3 A1
−b
Note: Must be an equation in the form “ x = ”. Do not accept 3 or 2a
= 3.
[1 mark]
( )
The function can be written in the form f(x) = a(x − h)2 + k.
8b. Write down the values of h and k. [2 marks]
Markscheme
h = 3, k = 4 (accept a(x − 3)2 + 4) A1A1
[2 marks]
8c. Point Q has coordinates (5, 12). Find the value of a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute coordinates of Q (M1)
12 = a(5 − 3)2 + 4, 4a + 4 = 12
a=2 A1
[2 marks]
The line L is tangent to the graph of f at Q.
8d. Find the equation of L. [4 marks]

Markscheme
recognize need to find derivative of f (M1)
f'(x)= 4(x − 3) or f'(x)= 4x − 12 A1
f'(5)= 8 (may be seen as gradient in their equation) (A1)
y − 12 = 8(x − 5) or y = 8x − 28 A1
Note: Award A0 for L = 8x − 28.
[4 marks]
Now consider another function y = g(x). The derivative of g is given by

g'(x) = f(x) − d, where d ∈ R.
8e. Find the values of d for which g is an increasing function. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
f(x)−d > 0, or g' > 0
Recognizing that for g to be increasing, (M1)
The vertex must be above the x-axis, 4 − d > 0, d − 4 < 0 (R1)
d<4 A1
METHOD 2
attempting to find discriminant of g' (M1)
(−12)2 − 4(2)(22 − d)
recognizing discriminant must be negative (R1)
−32 + 8d < 0 OR Δ < 0
d<4 A1
[3 marks]
8f. Find the values of x for which the graph of g is concave-up. [3 marks]
Markscheme
''> 0
recognizing that for g to be concave up, g (M1)
g ''> 0 when f' > 0, 4x − 12 > 0, x − 3 > 0 (R1)
x>3 A1
[3 marks]
1
Consider the functions f(x)=
x−4
+ 1, for x ≠ 4, and g(x)= x − 3 for x ∈ R.
The following diagram shows the graphs of f and g.
The graphs of f and g intersect at points A and B. The coordinates of A are

(3, 0).
9a. Find the coordinates of B. [5 marks]

Markscheme
1
x−4
+1 = x−3 (M1)
x2 − 8x + 15 = 0 OR (x − 4)2 = 1 (A1)
8±√82−4 ( 1 ) ( 15 )
(x − 3)(x − 5)= 0 OR x = 2(1)
OR (x − 4)= ±1
x = 5 (x = 3, x = 5) (may be seen in answer) A1
B(5, 2) (accept x = 5, y = 2) A1
[5 marks]
In the following diagram, the shaded region is enclosed by the graph of f , the
graph of g , the x-axis, and the line x = k, where k ∈ Z.
The area of the shaded region can be written as ln(p) + 8, where p ∈ Z.
9b. Find the value of k and the value of p. [10 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing two correct regions from x = 3 to x = 5 and from x = 5 to x = k
(R1)
k 5 k
∫ ∫ ∫
triangle + 5 f(x)d x OR 3 g(x)d x + 5 f(x)d x OR
5 k
∫ ∫
3 (x − 3)d x + 5 ( x−4
1
+ 1)d x
( 52 − 3(5))−( 32 − 3(3))
2 2
2⋅ 2
area of triangle is 2 OR 2 OR (A1)
correct integration (A1)(A1)

1
∫( x−4 + 1)d x = ln(x − 4)+x (+C)
Note: Award A1 for ln(x − 4) and A1 for x.

Note: The first three A marks may be awarded independently of the R mark.
substitution of their limits (for x) into their integrated function (in terms of x)
(M1)
ln(k − 4)+k −(ln 1 + 5)
[ln(x − 4)+x]k5 = ln(k − 4)+k − 5 A1
adding their two areas (in terms of k) and equating to ln p+8 (M1)
2 + ln(k − 4)+k − 5 = ln p + 8
equating their non-log terms to 8 (equation must be in terms of k) (M1)
k−3 = 8
k = 11 A1
11 − 4 = p
p=7 A1
[10 marks]
1
10a. Show that 1 [2 marks]
p=± .
√3
Markscheme
EITHER
attempt to use a ratio from consecutive terms M1
1
ln x
pln x
ln x
= 3
pln x
OR 13 ln 1
x =(ln x)r2 OR p ln x = ln x( 3p )
1
powers of x in geometric sequence
1
p
Award M1 for 1 = 3
p
.
OR
1
r = p and r2 = 3
M1
THEN
1 1
p2 = 3
OR r=± A1
√3
1
p=± AG
√3
1 1
Note: Award M0A0 for r2 = 3
or p2 = 3
with no other working seen.
[2 marks]
10b. Hence or otherwise, show that the series is convergent. [1 mark]
Markscheme
EITHER
1
since, |p|= and 1 <1 R1
√3 √3
OR
1
since, |p|= and −1 < p < 1 R1
√3
THEN
⇒ the geometric series converges. AG
Note: Accept r instead of p.

Award R0 if both values of p not considered.
[1 mark]
>0 = 3 + √3
10c. Given that p > 0 and S∞ = 3 + √3, find the value of x. [3 marks]
Markscheme
ln x
1 (= 3 + √3) (A1)
1−
√3
3 √3
ln x = 3 − + √3 − OR ln x = 3 − √3 + √3 − 1 (⇒ ln x = 2)
√3 √3
A1
x = e2 A1
[3 marks]
2
10d. Show that p = 23 . [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to find a difference from consecutive terms or from u2 M1
correct equation A1
p ln x − ln x = 13 ln x − p ln x OR 1
3
ln x = ln x + 2(p ln x − ln x)
1
powers of x in arithmetic sequence.
1
Award M1A1 for p−1= 3
−p
2p ln x = 43 ln x (⇒ 2p = 43 ) A1
2
p= 3
AG
METHOD 2
u 1+ u 3
attempt to use arithmetic mean u2 = 2 M1
1
ln x+ ln x
p ln x = 2
3
A1
2p ln x = 43 ln x (⇒ 2p = 43 ) A1
2
p= 3
AG
METHOD 3
attempt to find difference using u3 M1
1
3
ln x = ln x + 2d (⇒ d = − 13 ln x)
u2 = ln x + 12 ( 13 ln x − ln x) OR p ln x − ln x = − 13 ln x A1
p ln x = 23 ln x A1
2
p= 3
AG
[3 marks]
ln ∈Q
10e. Write down d in the form k ln x, where k ∈ Q. [1 mark]
Markscheme
d = − 13 ln x A1
[1 mark]
( )
The sum of the first n terms of the series is ln( 13 ).
10f. [8 marks]
x
Find the value of n.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
Sn = n ⌊2
2 ln x +(n − 1)×(− 13 ln x)⌋
attempt to substitute into Sn and equate to ln( x13 ) (M1)
n ⌊2
2 ln x +(n − 1)×(− 13 ln x)⌋= ln( x13 )
( )
ln( x13 )= − ln x3 (= ln x−3 ) (A1)
= −3 ln x (A1)
correct working with Sn (seen anywhere) (A1)
n ⌊2 ln x − n ln x + 1 ln n ( n−1 )
2 3 3
x⌋ OR n ln x − 6
ln x OR
n (ln x +( 4−n )ln x)
2 3
correct equation without ln x A1

n( 7 n ( n−1 )
2 3 − n3 )= −3 OR n − 6
= −3 or equivalent
Note: Award as above if the series 1 + p + 13 + … is considered leading to

n( 7 − n3 )= −3.
2 3
attempt to form a quadratic =0 (M1)

n2 − 7n − 18 = 0
attempt to solve their quadratic (M1)
(n − 9)(n + 2)= 0
n=9 A1
METHOD 2
ln( x13 )= − ln x3 (= ln x−3 ) (A1)
= −3 ln x (A1)
listing the first 7 terms of the sequence (A1)
ln x + 23 ln x + 13 ln x + 0 − 13 ln x − 23 ln x − ln x + …
recognizing first 7 terms sum to 0 M1

sum of 8th and 9th term = −3 ln x (A1)
n=9 A1
[8 marks]
1
R
1
A function f is defined by f(x)= x2−2x−3
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −1, x ≠ 3.
11a. Sketch the curve y = f(x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their [6 marks]
equations. State the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points and
any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.
Markscheme
y-intercept (0, − 13 ) A1
Note: Accept an indication of − 13 on the y-axis.
vertical asymptotesx = −1 and x = 3 A1

horizontal asymptote y = 0 A1
uses a valid method to find the x-coordinate of the local maximum point
(M1)
Note: For example, uses the axis of symmetry or attempts to solve f'(x)= 0.
local maximum point (1, − 14 ) A1
Note: Award (M1)A0 for a local maximum point at x = 1 and coordinates

not given.
three correct branches with correct asymptotic behaviour and the key
features in approximately correct relative positions to each other A1
[6 marks]
1
R
1
A function g is defined by g(x)= x2−2x−3
, where x ∈ R, x > 3.
The inverse of g is g −1 .
11b. √ 4 x 2+ x [6 marks]
Show that g −1 (x)= 1 + x
.
Markscheme
1
x= y2−2y−3
M1
Note: Award M1 for interchanging x and y (this can be done at a later stage).
EITHER
attempts to complete the square M1
2
y 2 − 2y − 3 = (y − 1)2 − 4 A1
1
x=
( y−1 ) 2−4
(y − 1)2 − 4 = 1
x
((y − 1)2 = 4 + 1x ) A1
y − 1 = ± √4 + 1
x
(= ±√ 4xx+1 )
OR
attempts to solve xy 2 − 2xy − 3x − 1 = 0 for y M1
− ( −2x ) ±√ ( −2x ) 2+4x ( 3x+1 )
y= 2x
A1
Note: Award A1 even if − (in ±) is missing
2x±√ 16x2+4x
= 2x
A1
THEN
√ 4 x 2+ x
= 1± x
A1
√ 4 x 2+ x
y > 3 and hence y = 1 − x
is rejected R1
Note: Award R1 for concluding that the expression for y must have the ‘+ ’
sign.
The R1 may be awarded earlier for using the condition x > 3.
√ 4 x 2+ x
y= 1+ x
√ 4 x 2+ x
g −1 (x)= 1 + x
AG
[6 marks]
−1
11c. State the domain of g −1 . [1 mark]
Markscheme
domain of g −1 is x>0 A1
[1 mark]
( )= arctan x ∈R
A function h is defined by h(x)= arctan x2 , where x ∈ R.
π
11d. Given that (h ∘ g)(a)=
4
, find the value of a . [7 marks]
q
Give your answer in the form p + 2 √ r, where p, q, r ∈ Z+ .
Markscheme
attempts to find (h ∘ g)(a) (M1)
) ((h ∘ g)(a)= arctan( ))

g (a) 1
(h ∘ g)(a)= arctan( 2 2 ( a2−2a−3 )
(A1)
)= π4 (arctan( 2 ( a2−2a−3 )= )
g (a) 1 π
arctan( 2 ) 4
attempts to solve for g(a) M1
⇒ g(a)= 2 ( 1
( a2−2a−3 )
= 2)
EITHER
⇒ a = g −1 (2) A1
attempts to find their g −1 (2) M1
√4 ( 2 ) 2+2
a = 1+ 2 A1
Note: Award all available marks to this stage if x is used instead of a.
OR
⇒ 2a2 − 4a − 7 = 0 A1
− ( −4 ) ±√ ( −4 ) 2+4 ( 2 ) ( 7 )
(= )
4±√72
a= 4 4
A1
Note: Award all available marks to this stage if x is used instead of a.
THEN
a = 1 + 32 √2 (as a > 3) A1
(p = 1, q = 3, r = 2)
Note: Award A1 for a = 1 + 12 √18 (p = 1, q = 1, r = 18)
[7 marks]
4 +1
R
4x+1
The function f is defined by f(x)= x+4
, where x ∈ R, x ≠ −4.
For the graph of f
12a. write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]
Markscheme
x = −4 A1
[1 mark]
12b. find the equation of the horizontal asymptote. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute into y = ac OR table with large values of x OR
sketch of f showing asymptotic behaviour (M1)
y=4 A1
[2 marks]
−1
12c. Find f −1 (x). [4 marks]
Markscheme
4x+1
y= x+4
attempt to interchange x and
y (seen anywhere) M1
xy + 4y = 4x + 1 OR xy + 4x = 4y + 1 (A1)
xy − 4x = 1 − 4y OR xy − 4y = 1 − 4x (A1)
1−4x 1−4x
f −1 (x)= x−4
(accept y= x−4
) A1
[4 marks]
−1
12d. Using an algebraic approach, show that the graph of f −1 is obtained by [4 marks]
a reflection of the graph of f in the y-axis followed by a reflection in the x-axis.
Markscheme
reflection in y-axis given by f(−x) (M1)
−4x+1
f(−x)= −x+4
(A1)
reflection of their f(−x) in x-axis given by −f(−x) accept "now −f(x)"

M1
−4x+1
(−f(−x)=) − −x+4
−4x+1 4x−1
= x−4
OR −x+4
A1
1−4x
= x−4
(= f −1 (x)) AG
Note: If the candidate attempts to show the result using a particular

coordinate on the graph of f rather than a general coordinate on the graph of
f , where appropriate, award marks as follows:
M0A0 for eg (2, 3) → (−2, 3)
M0A0 for (−2, 3) → (−2, −3)
[4 marks]
The graphs of f and f −1 intersect at x = p and x = q, where p < q.
12e. Find the value of p and the value of q. [2 marks]

Markscheme
f(x)= f −1 (x) using graph or algebraically
attempt to solve (M1)
p = −1 AND q = 1 A1
Note: Award (M1)A0 if only one correct value seen.
[2 marks]
12f. Hence, find the area enclosed by the graph of f and the graph of f −1 . [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to set up an integral to find area between f and f −1 (M1)
1
∫
−1( 4x+1 − 1−4x
)d x (A1)
x+4 x−4
= 0. 675231 …
= 0. 675 A1
[3 marks]
A scientist conducted a nine-week experiment on two plants, A and B, of the

same species. He wanted to determine the effect of using a new plant fertilizer.
Plant A was given fertilizer regularly, while Plant B was not.
The scientist found that the height of Plant A, h A cm , at time t weeks can be
modelled by the function h A (t) = sin(2t + 6) + 9t + 27, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.
The scientist found that the height of Plant B, h B cm , at time t weeks can be
modelled by the function h B (t) = 8t + 32, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.
Use the scientist’s models to find the initial height of
13a. Plant B. [1 mark]
Markscheme
32 (cm) A1
[1 mark]
13b. Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2 marks]
Markscheme
hA(0)= sin(6)+27 (M1)
= 26. 7205 …
= 26. 7 (cm) A1
[2 marks]
13c. Find the values of t when h A (t)= hB (t). [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempts to solve hA(t)= hB (t) for t (M1)
t = 4. 00746 … , 4. 70343 … , 5. 88332 …
t = 4. 01, 4. 70, 5. 88 (weeks) A2
[3 marks]
13d. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of [6 marks]
Plant B was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A.
Markscheme
recognises that h A '(t) and hB '(t) are required (M1)
hA'(t)= hB '(t) for t
attempts to solve (M1)
t = 1. 18879 … and 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … and 5. 37758 … OR
7. 47197 … and 8. 51917 … (A1)
Note: Award full marks for

4π 5π
t= 3
− 3, 3
− 3, ( 73π − 3, 8π
3
−3 10π
3
− 3, 11π
3
− 3).
Award subsequent marks for correct use of these exact values.
1. 18879 … < t < 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … < t < 5. 37758 … OR

7. 47197 … < t < 8. 51917 … (A1)
attempts to calculate the total amount of time (M1)
3(2. 2359 … − 1. 1887 …) (= 3(( 53π − 3)−( 43π − 3)))
= 3. 14 (= π) (weeks) A1
[6 marks]
( )= √ 2 −1 1≤ ≤2
Consider the function f(x)= √x2 − 1, where 1 ≤ x ≤ 2.
14a. Sketch the curve y = f(x), clearly indicating the coordinates of the [2 marks]
endpoints.
Markscheme
correct shape (concave down) within the given domain 1 ≤x≤2 A1
(1, 0) and (2, √3)(=(2, 1. 73)) A1
Note: The coordinates of endpoints may be seen on the graph or marked on

the axes.
[2 marks]
−1
14b. Show that the inverse function of f is given by f −1 (x)= √x2 + 1. [3 marks]
Markscheme
interchanging x and y (seen anywhere) M1
x = √y 2 − 1
x2 = y 2 − 1 A1
y = √x2 + 1 A1
f −1 (x)= √x2 + 1 AG
[3 marks]
−1
14c. State the domain and range of f −1 . [2 marks]
Markscheme
0 ≤ x ≤ √3 OR domain [0, √3](=[0, 1. 73]) A1
1 ≤ y ≤ 2 OR 1 ≤ f −1 (x)≤ 2 OR range [1, 2] A1
[2 marks]
= ( ) 2
The curve y = f(x) is rotated 2π about the y-axis to form a solid of revolution
that is used to model a water container.
14d. Show that the volume, V m3 , of water in the container when it is filled [3 marks]
to a height of h metres is given by V = π( 13 h 3 + h).
Markscheme
attempt to substitute x = √y 2 + 1 into the correct volume formula
(M1)
h h
∫ ∫
+ 1) d y (= π 0 (y 2 + 1)d y)
2
V = π0 (√y 2 A1
h
= π[ 13 y 3 + y]0 A1
= π( 13 h3 + h) AG
Note: Award marks as appropriate for correct work using a different variable
h
∫ 2
e.g. π 0 (√x2 + 1) d x
[3 marks]
14e. Hence, determine the maximum volume of the container. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute h = √3 (= 1. 732 …) into V (M1)
V = 10. 8828 …
V = 10. 9 (m3 ) (= 2√3π) (m3 ) A1
[2 marks]
At t = 0, the container is empty. Water is then added to the container at a

constant rate of 0. 4 m3 s−1 .
14f. Find the time it takes to fill the container to its maximum volume. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(= )
10.8828… 2√3π
time = 0.4 0.4
(M1)
= 27. 207 …
= 27. 2(= 5√3π)(s) A1
[2 marks]
14g. Find the rate of change of the height of the water when the container is [6 marks]
filled to half its maximum volume.
Markscheme
attempt to find the height of the tank when V = 5. 4414 … (= √3π)
(M1)
π( 13 h3 + h)= 5. 4414 … (= √3π)

h = 1. 1818 … (A1)
attempt to use the chain rule or differentiate V = π( 13 h3 + h) with respect to
t (M1)
dh dh dV 1 dV
dt
= dV
× dt
= × dt
OR ddV = π(h2 + 1) dd ht (A1)
π ( h2+1 ) t
attempt to substitute their h and dV = 0. 4 (M1)

dt
dh 0.4
dt
= π ( 1.1818…2+1 )
= 0. 053124 …
= 0. 0531 (m s−1 ) A1
[6 marks]
15a. Plant B. [1 mark]
Markscheme
32 (cm) A1
[1 mark]
15b. Plant A correct to three significant figures. [2 marks]
Markscheme
hA(0)= sin(6)+27 (M1)
= 26. 7205 …
= 26. 7 (cm) A1
[2 marks]
15c. Find the values of t when h A (t)= hB (t). [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempts to solve hA(t)= hB (t) for t (M1)
t = 4. 0074 … , 4. 7034 … , 5. 88332 …
t = 4. 01, 4. 70, 5. 88 (weeks) A2
[3 marks]
15d. For t > 6, prove that Plant A was always taller than Plant B. [3 marks]
Markscheme
hA(t)−hB (t)= sin(2t + 6)+t − 5 A1
EITHER
fort > 6, t − 5 > 1 A1
and as sin(2t + 6)≥ −1 ⇒ h A (t)−h B (t)> 0 R1
OR
the minimum value of sin(2t + 6)= −1 R1
so for t > 6, hA(t)−hB (t)= t − 6 > 0 A1
THEN
hence for t > 6, Plant A was always taller than Plant B AG
[3 marks]
0≤ ≤9
15e. For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of [6 marks]
Plant B was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A.
Markscheme
recognises that h A '(t) and hB '(t) are required (M1)
hA'(t)= hB '(t) for t
attempts to solve (M1)
t = 1. 18879 … and 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … and 5. 37758 … OR
7. 47197 … and 8. 51917 … (A1)
Note: Award full marks for

4π 5π
t= 3
− 3, 3
− 3, ( 73π − 3, 8π
3
−3 10π
3
− 3, 11π
3
− 3).
Award subsequent marks for correct use of these exact values.
1. 18879 … < t < 2. 23598 … OR 4. 33038 … < t < 5. 37758 … OR

7. 47197 … < t < 8. 51917 … (A1)
attempts to calculate the total amount of time (M1)
3(2. 2359 … − 1. 1887 …) (= 3(( 53π − 3)−( 43π − 3)))
= 3. 14 (= π) (weeks) A1
[6 marks]
This question asks you to explore some properties of polygonal numbers
and to determine and prove interesting results involving these numbers.
A polygonal number is an integer which can be represented as a series of dots

arranged in the shape of a regular polygon. Triangular numbers, square numbers
and pentagonal numbers are examples of polygonal numbers.
For example, a triangular number is a number that can be arranged in the shape
of an equilateral triangle. The first five triangular numbers are 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15.
The following table illustrates the first five triangular, square and pentagonal
numbers respectively. In each case the first polygonal number is one represented
by a single dot.
For an r-sided regular polygon, where r ∈ Z+ , r ≥ 3, the nth polygonal number

Pr (n) is given by
( r−2 ) n2− ( r−4 ) n
Pr (n)= 2 , where n ∈ Z+ .
( 4−2 ) n2− ( 4−4 ) n
Hence, for square numbers, P4 (n)= 2 = n2 .
16a. n ( n+1 ) [2 marks]

For triangular numbers, verify that P3 (n)= 2 .
Markscheme
( 3−2 ) n2− ( 3−4 ) n n2− ( −n )
P3 (n)= 2 OR P3 (n)= 2 A1
n2+n
P3 (n)= 2 A1
n2+n
Note: Award A0A1 if P3 (n)= 2 only is seen.
Do not award any marks for numerical verification.
n ( n+1 )
so for triangular numbers, P3 (n)= 2 AG
[2 marks]
16b. The number 351 is a triangular number. Determine which one it is. [2 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
uses a table of values to find a positive integer that satisfies P3 (n)= 351
(M1)
for example, a list showing at least 3 consecutive terms
(… 325, 351, 378 …)
Note: Award (M1) for use of a GDC’s numerical solve or graph feature.
n = 26 (26th triangular number) A1
Note: Award A0 for n = −27, 26. Award A0 if additional solutions besides

n = 26 are given.
METHOD 2
n ( n+1 )
attempts to solve 2 = 351 (n2 + n − 702 = 0) for n (M1)
−1±√12−4 ( 1 ) ( −702 )
n= 2 OR (n − 26)(n + 27)= 0
n = 26 (26th triangular number) A1
Note: Award A0 for n = −27, 26. Award A0 if additional solutions besides

n = 26 are given.
[2 marks]
2
16c. Show that P3 (n)+P3 (n + 1)≡ (n + 1)2 . [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempts to form an expression for P3 (n)+P3 (n + 1) in terms of n M1
EITHER
n ( n+1 ) ( n+1 ) ( n+2 )
P3 (n)+P3 (n + 1)≡ 2 + 2
(≡ )
( n+1 ) ( 2n+2 ) 2 ( n+1 ) ( n+1 )
≡ 2 2 A1
OR
2 )
2
P3 (n)+P3 (n + 1)≡( n2
2
+ n )+( ( n+1 ) + n+1
2 2
2 )+( ) (≡ n2 + 2n + 1)
2 2
≡( n + n n +2n+1+n+1
2 A1
THEN
≡ (n + 1)2 AG
[2 marks]
16d. State, in words, what the identity given in part (b)(i) shows for two [1 mark]
consecutive triangular numbers.
Markscheme
the sum of the nth and (n + 1)th triangular numbers
is the (n + 1)th square number A1
[1 mark]
16e. For n = 4, sketch a diagram clearly showing your answer to part (b)(ii). [1 mark]
Markscheme
A1
Note: Accept equivalent single diagrams, such as the one above, where the 4
th and 5th triangular numbers and the 5th square number are clearly shown.
Award A1 for a diagram that show P3 (4) (a triangle with 10 dots) and P3 (5)
(a triangle with 15 dots) and P4 (5) (a square with 25 dots).
[1 mark]
16f. Show that 8P3 (n)+1 is the square of an odd number for all n ∈ Z+ . [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
)+1 (= 4n(n + 1)+1)

( n+1 )
8P3 (n)+1 = 8( n 2 A1
attempts to expand their expression for 8P3 (n)+1 (M1)

= 4n2 + 4n + 1
= (2n + 1)2 A1
and 2n + 1 is odd AG
METHOD 2
)+1)
( n+1 ) ( n+2 )
8P3 (n)+1 = 8((n + 1)2 − P3 (n + 1))+1(= 8((n + 1)2 − 2
A1
8(n2 + 2n + 1)−4(n2 + 3n + 2)+1 (= 4n2 + 4n + 1)
= (2n + 1)2 A1
Method 3
)+1 (= (An + B)2 ) (where A, B ∈ Z+ )

( n+1 )
8P3 (n)+1 = 8( n 2 A1

4n2 + 4n + 1 (= A2 n2 + 2ABn + B2 )
now equates coefficients and obtains B = 1 and A = 2
= (2n + 1)2 A1
[3 marks]
The nth pentagonal number can be represented by the arithmetic series
P5 (n)= 1 + 4 + 7 + … +(3n − 2).
16g. n ( 3n−1 ) [3 marks]

Hence show that P5 (n)= 2 for n ∈ Z+ .
Markscheme
EITHER
u1 = 1 and d = 3 (A1)
substitutes their u1 and their d into P5 (n)= n (2u
2 1 +(n − 1)d) M1
P5 (n)= n (2 +
2 3(n − 1)) (= n (2 +
2 3n − 3)) A1
OR
u1 = 1 and un = 3n − 2 (A1)
substitutes their u1 and their un into P5 (n)= n (u
2 1 + un ) M1
P5 (n)= n (1 +
2 3n − 2) A1
OR
P5 (n)=(3(1)−2)+(3(2)−2)+(3(3)−2)+ … 3n − 2
P5 (n)=(3(1)+3(2)+3(3)+ … + 3n)−2n (= 3(1 + 2 + 3 + … + n)−2n)
(A1)
n ( n+1 )
substitutes 2 into their expression for P5 (n) M1
)−2n
( n+1 )
P5 (n)= 3( n 2
P5 (n)= n (3(n +
2 1)−4) A1
OR
attempts to find the arithmetic mean of n terms (M1)
1+ ( 3n−2 )
= 2 A1
multiplies the above expression by the number of terms n
P5 (n)= n (1 +
2 3n − 2) A1
THEN
n ( 3n−1 )
so P5 (n)= 2 AG
[3 marks]
16h. By using a suitable table of values or otherwise, determine the smallest [5 marks]
positive integer, greater than 1, that is both a triangular number and a
pentagonal number.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
forms a table of P3 (n) values that includes some values for n > 5 (M1)
forms a table of P5 (m) values that includes some values for m > 5 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) if at least one P3 (n) value is correct. Award (M1) if at
least one P5 (m) value is correct. Accept as above for (n2 + n) values and
(3m2 − m) values.
n = 20 for triangular numbers (A1)

m = 12 for pentagonal numbers (A1)
Note: Award (A1) if n = 20 is seen in or out of a table. Award (A1) if m = 12
is seen in or out of a table. Condone the use of the same parameter
for triangular numbers and pentagonal numbers, for example, n = 20
for triangular numbers and n = 12 for pentagonal numbers.
210 (is a triangular number and a pentagonal number) A1
Note: Award all five marks for 210 seen anywhere with or without
working shown.
METHOD 2
EITHER
attempts to express P3 (n)= P5 (m) as a quadratic in n (M1)
n2 + n +(m − 3m2 )(= 0) (or equivalent)
attempts to solve their quadratic in n (M1)
(= )
−1±√ 12m2−4m+1 −1±√12−4 ( m−3m2 )
n= 2 2
OR
attempts to express P3 (n)= P5 (m) as a quadratic in m (M1)
3m2 − m −(n2 + n)(= 0) (or equivalent)
attempts to solve their quadratic in m (M1)
(= )
1±√ 12n2−12n+1 1±√ ( −1 ) 2+12 ( n2+n )
m= 6 6
THEN
n = 20 for triangular numbers (A1)
m = 12 for pentagonal numbers (A1)
METHOD 3
n ( n+1 ) m ( 3m−1 )
2 = 2
let n = m + k (n > m) and so 3m2 − m =(m + k)(m + k + 1) M1
2 2
2m2 − 2(k + 1)m −(k2 + k)= 0 A1
attempts to find the discriminant of their quadratic
and recognises that this must be a perfect square M1
Δ = 4(k + 1)2 + 8(k2 + k)
N 2 = 4(k + 1)2 + 8(k2 + k) (= 4(k + 1)(3k + 1))
determines that k = 8 leading to 2m2 − 18m − 72 = 0 ⇒ m = −3, 12 and
so m = 12 A1
METHOD 4
n ( n+1 ) m ( 3m−1 )
2 = 2
let m = n − k (m < n) and so n2 + n =(n − k)(3(n − k)−1) M1
2n2 − 2(3k + 1)n +(3k2 + k)= 0 A1
attempts to find the discriminant of their quadratic
and recognises that this must be a perfect square M1
Δ = 4(3k + 1)2 − 8(3k2 + k)
N 2 = 4(3k + 1)2 − 8(3k2 + k) (= 4(k + 1)(3k + 1))
determines that k = 8 leading to 2n2 − 50n + 200 = 0 ⇒ n = 5, 20 and so
n = 20 A1
[5 marks]
( )
16i. A polygonal number, Pr (n), can be represented by the series [8 marks]
n
Σ
m=1(1 +(m − 1)(r − 2)) where r ∈ Z+ , r ≥ 3.
( r−2 ) n2− ( r−4 ) n
Use mathematical induction to prove that Pr (n)= 2 where n ∈ Z+ .
Markscheme
Note: Award a maximum of R1M0M0A1M1A1A1R0 for a ‘correct’ proof
using n and n + 1.
consider n = 1 : Pr (1)= 1 +(1 − 1)(r − 2)= 1 and

( r−2 ) ( 12 ) − ( r−4 ) ( 1 )
Pr (1)= 2 =1
so true for n=1 R1
( r−2 ) ( 12 ) − ( r−4 ) ( 1 )
Note: Accept Pr (1)= 1 and Pr (1)= 2 = 1.
Do not accept one-sided considerations such as 'Pr (1)= 1 and so true for
n = 1'.
Subsequent marks after this R1 are independent of this mark can be awarded.
( r−2 ) k2− ( r−4 ) k

Assume true for n = k, ie. Pr (k)= 2 M1
Note: Award M0 for statements such as “let n = k ”. The assumption of

truth must be clear.
Subsequent marks after this M1 are independent of this mark and can
be awarded.
Consider n = k+1 :
(Pr (k + 1) can be represented by the sum
k+1 k
Σ Σ
m=1(1 +(m − 1)(r − 2))= m=1(1 +(m − 1)(r − 2))+(1 + k(r − 2)) and so
( r−2 ) k2− ( r−4 ) k
Pr (k + 1)= 2 +(1 + k(r − 2)) (Pr (k + 1)= Pr (k)+(1 + k(r − 2)))
M1
( r−2 ) k2− ( r−4 ) k+2+2k ( r−2 )
= 2 A1
( r−2 ) ( k2+2k ) − ( r−4 ) k+2
= 2
( r−2 ) ( k2+2k+1 ) − ( r−2 ) − ( r−4 ) k+2
= 2 M1
( r−2 ) ( k+1 ) 2− ( r−4 ) k− ( r−4 )
= 2 (A1)
( r−2 ) ( k+1 ) 2− ( r−4 ) ( k+1 )
= 2 A1
=1 = ⇒ = +1
hence true for n = 1 and n = k true ⇒ n = k + 1 true R1
therefore true for all n ∈ Z+
Note: Only award the final R1 if the first five marks have been awarded.
Award marks as appropriate for solutions that expand both the LHS and
(given) RHS of the equation.
[8 marks]
This question asks you to explore cubic polynomials of the form

(x − r)(x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 ) for x ∈ R and corresponding cubic equations
with one real root and two complex roots of the form
(z − r)(z 2 − 2az + a2 + b2 ) = 0 for z ∈ C.
In parts (a), (b) and (c), let r = 1, a = 4 and b = 1.

Consider the equation (z − 1)(z 2 − 8z + 17)= 0 for z ∈ C.
17a. Given that 1 and 4 + i are roots of the equation, write down the third [1 mark]
root.
Markscheme
4−i A1
[1 mark]
4
17b. Verify that the mean of the two complex roots is 4. [1 mark]
Markscheme
mean = 12 (4 + i + 4 − i) A1
=4 AG
[1 mark]
Consider the function f(x)=(x − 1)(x2 − 8x + 17) for x ∈ R.
17c. Show that the line y = x − 1 is tangent to the curve y = f(x) at the [4 marks]
point A(4, 3).
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts product rule differentiation (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for attempting to express f(x) as

f(x)= x3 − 9x2 + 25x − 17
f'(x)=(x − 1)(2x − 8)+x2 − 8x + 17 (f'(x)= 3x2 − 18x + 25) A1

f'(4)= 1 A1
Note: Where f'(x) is correct, award A1 for solving f'(x)= 1 and obtaining
x = 4.
EITHER
y − 3 = 1(x − 4) A1
OR
y = x+c
3 = 4 + c ⇒ c = −1 A1
OR
states the gradient of y = x − 1 is also 1 and verifies that (4, 3) lies on
the line y = x − 1 A1
THEN
so y = x − 1 is the tangent to the curve at A(4, 3) AG
Note: Award a maximum of (M0)A0A1A1 to a candidate who does not

attempt to find f'(x).
METHOD 2
sets f(x)= x − 1 to form x − 1 =(x − 1)(x2 − 8x + 17) (M1)
EITHER
(x − 1)(x2 − 8x + 16)= 0 (x3 − 9x2 + 24x − 16 = 0) A1
attempts to solve a correct cubic equation (M1)
(x − 1)(x − 4)2 = 0 ⇒ x = 1, 4
OR
2 2
recognises that x ≠ 1 and forms x2 − 8x + 17 = 1 (x2 − 8x + 16 = 0)
A1
attempts to solve a correct quadratic equation (M1)
(x − 4)2 = 0 ⇒ x = 4
THEN
x = 4 is a double root R1
so y = x − 1 is the tangent to the curve at A(4, 3) AG
Note: Candidates using this method are not required to verify that y = 3.
[4 marks]
= ( ) A
17d. Sketch the curve y = f(x) and the tangent to the curve at point A, [2 marks]
clearly showing where the tangent crosses the x-axis.
Markscheme
a positive cubic with an x-intercept (x = 1), and a local maximum and

local minimum in the first quadrant both positioned to the left of A A1
Note: As the local minimum and point A are very close to each other,
condone graphs that seem to show these points coinciding.
For the point of tangency, accept labels such as A, (4, 3) or the point labelled
from both axes. Coordinates are not required.
a correct sketch of the tangent passing through A and crossing the x-axis at
the same point (x = 1) as the curve A1
Note: Award A1A0 if both graphs cross the x-axis at distinctly different
points.
[2 marks]
2 2 2 R
Consider the function g(x)=(x − r)(x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 ) for x ∈ R where
r, a ∈ R and b ∈ R, b > 0.
17e. Show that g'(x)= 2(x − r)(x − a)+x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 . [2 marks]
Markscheme
EITHER
g'(x)=(x − r)(2x − 2a)+x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 (M1)A1
OR
g(x)= x3 −(2a + r)x2 +(a2 + b2 + 2ar)x −(a2 + b2 )r
attempts to find g'(x) M1
g'(x)= 3x2 − 2(2a + r)x + a2 + b2 + 2ar
= 2x2 − 2(a + r)x + 2ar + x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 A1
(= 2(x2 − ax − rx + ar)+x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 )
THEN
g'(x)= 2(x − r)(x − a)+x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 AG
[2 marks]
= ( )
17f. Hence, or otherwise, prove that the tangent to the curve y = g(x) at the [6 marks]
point A(a, g(a)) intersects the x-axis at the point R(r, 0).
Markscheme
METHOD 1
g(a)= b2 (a − r) (A1)
g'(a)= b2 (A1)
attempts to substitute their g(a) and g'(a) into y − g(a)= g'(a)(x − a)
M1
y − b2 (a − r)= b2 (x − a)
EITHER
y = b2 (x − r) (y = b2 x − b2 r) A1
sets y = 0 so b2 (x − r)= 0 M1
>0⇒ = ≠0⇒ =
b > 0 ⇒ x = r OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x = r R1
OR
sets y = 0 so −b2 (a − r)= b2 (x − a) M1
b > 0 OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ −(a − r)= x − a R1
x=r A1
THEN
so the tangent intersects the x-axis at the point R(r, 0) AG
METHOD 2
g'(a)= b2 (A1)
g(a)= b2 (a − r) (A1)
attempts to substitute their g(a) and g'(a) into y = g'(a)x + c and attempts
to find c M1
c = −b2 r
EITHER
y = b2 (x − r) (y = b2 x − b2 r) A1
setsy = 0 so b2 (x − r)= 0 M1
b > 0 ⇒ x = r OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x = r R1
OR
setsy = 0 so b2 (x − r)= 0 M1
b > 0 OR b ≠ 0 ⇒ x − r = 0 R1
x=r A1
METHOD 3
g'(a)= b2 (A1)
the line through R(r, 0) parallel to the tangent at A has equation
y = b2 (x − r) A1
sets g(x)= b 2 (x − r) to form b 2 (x − r)=(x − r)(x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 )
M1
b2 = x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 , (x ≠ r) A1
(x − a)2 = 0 A1
( = ) ( , 0)
since there is a double root (x = a), this parallel line through R(r, 0) is the
required tangent at A R1
[6 marks]
The equation (z − r)(z 2 − 2az + a 2 + b2 )= 0 for z ∈ C has roots r and a ± bi

where r, a ∈ R and b ∈ R, b > 0.
17g. Deduce from part (d)(i) that the complex roots of the equation [1 mark]
(z − r)(z 2 − 2az + a2 + b2 )= 0 can be expressed as a ± i√g'(a).
Markscheme
EITHER
g'(a)= b2 ⇒ b = √g'(a) (since b > 0) R1
Note: Accept b = ±√g'(a).
OR
(a ± bi=)a ± i√b2 and g'(a)= b2 R1
THEN
hence the complex roots can be expressed as a ± i√g'(a) AG
[1 mark]
( ) ( )
On the Cartesian plane, the points C1 (a, √g'(a)) and C2 (a, − √g'(a))
represent the real and imaginary parts of the complex roots of the equation
(z − r)(z 2 − 2az + a2 + b2 )= 0.
The following diagram shows a particular curve of the form

y =(x − r)(x2 − 2ax + a2 + 16) and the tangent to the curve at the point
A(a, 80). The curve and the tangent both intersect the x-axis at the point
R(−2, 0). The points C1 and C2 are also shown.
17h. Use this diagram to determine the roots of the corresponding equation [4 marks]
of the form (z − r)(z 2 − 2az + a 2 + 16)= 0 for z ∈ C.
Markscheme
b = 4 (seen anywhere) A1
EITHER
attempts to find the gradient of the tangent in terms of a and equates to 16
(M1)
OR
r = −2, x = a and y = 80 to form
substitutes
80 =(a −(−2))(a2 − 2a2 + a2 + 16) (M1)
OR
substitutes r = −2, x = a and y = 80 into y = 16(x − r) (M1)
THEN
80
a+2
= 16 ⇒ a = 3
roots are −2 (seen anywhere) and 3 ± 4i A1A1
Note: Award A1 for −2 and A1 for 3 ± 4i. Do not accept coordinates.
[4 marks]
17i. State the coordinates of C2 . [1 mark]

Markscheme
(3, − 4) A1
Note: Accept “x = 3 and y = −4”.

Do not award A1FT for (a, − 4).
[1 mark]
Consider the curve y = (x − r)(x2 − 2ax + a 2 + b 2 ) for a ≠ r, b > 0. The points

A(a, g(a)) and R(r, 0) are as defined in part (d)(ii). The curve has a point of
inflexion at point P.
17j. Show that the x-coordinate of P is 13 (2a + r). [2 marks]
You are not required to demonstrate a change in concavity.

Markscheme
g'(x)= 2(x − r)(x − a)+x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2
attempts to find g ''(x) M1
g ''(x)= 2(x − a)+2(x − r)+2x − 2a (= 6x − 2r − 4a)
sets g ''(x)= 0 and correctly solves for x A1
for example, obtaining x − r + 2(x − a)= 0 leading to 3x = 2a + r
so x = 13 (2a + r) AG
Note: Do not award A1 if the answer does not lead to the AG.
[2 marks]
17k. Hence describe numerically the horizontal position of point P relative to [1 mark]
the horizontal positions of the points R and A.
Markscheme
2
point P is 3
of the horizontal distance (way) from point R to point A A1
Note: Accept equivalent numerical statements or a clearly labelled

diagram displaying the numerical relationship.
Award A0 for non-numerical statements such as “P is between R and A,
closer to A”.
[1 mark]
= >0
Consider the special case where a = r and b > 0.
17l. Sketch the curve y =(x − r)(x2 − 2ax + a2 + b2 ) for a = r = 1 and [2 marks]
b = 2.
Markscheme
y =(x − 1)(x2 − 2x + 5) (A1)
a positive cubic with no stationary points and a non-stationary point

of inflexion at x = 1 A1
Note: Graphs may appear approximately linear. Award this A1 if a change

of concavity either side of x = 1 is apparent.
Coordinates are not required and the y-intercept need not be indicated.
[2 marks]
17m. For a = r and b > 0, state in terms of r, the coordinates of points P and [1 mark]
A.
Markscheme
(r, 0) A1
[1 mark]


BOYS
IB Mid-term (long)2 [260 marks]
This question asks you to explore properties of a family of curves of the

type y 2 = x3 + ax + b for various values of a and b , where a, b ∈ N.
On the same set of axes, sketch the following curves for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2 and
−2 ≤ y ≤ 2, clearly indicating any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.
1a. y 2 = x3 , x ≥ 0 [2 marks]
Markscheme
approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y 2 = x3 A1

including cusp/sharp point at (0, 0) A1
[2 marks]
Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct

place with respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’
or ‘cross’ or are discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct.
Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct branch of both curves are seen.
Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks
for the ‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.
2 3
1b. y 2 = x3 + 1, x ≥ −1 [2 marks]
Markscheme
approximately symmetric about the x-axis graph of y 2 = x3 + 1 with
approximately correct gradient at axes intercepts A1
some indication of position of intersections at x = −1, y = ±1 A1
[2 marks]
Note: Final A1 can be awarded if intersections are in approximate correct

place with respect to the axes shown. Award A1A1A1A0 if graphs ‘merge’
or ‘cross’ or are discontinuous at x-axis but are otherwise correct.
Award A1A0A0A0 if only one correct branch of both curves are seen.
Note: If they sketch graphs on separate axes, award a maximum of 2 marks
for the ‘best’ response seen. This is likely to be A1A1A0A0.
1c. Write down the coordinates of the two points of inflexion on the curve [1 mark]
y 2 = x3 + 1.
Markscheme
(0, 1) and (0, − 1) A1
[1 mark]
1d. By considering each curve from part (a), identify two key features that [1 mark]
would distinguish one curve from the other.
Markscheme
Any two from:
y 2 = x3 has a cusp/sharp point, (the other does not)
graphs have different domains
y 2 = x3 + 1 has points of inflexion, (the other does not)
graphs have different x-axis intercepts (one goes through the origin, and the
other does not)
graphs have different y-axis intercepts A1
Note: Follow through from their sketch in part (a)(i). In accordance with
marking rules, mark their first two responses and ignore any subsequent.
[1 mark]
Now, consider curves of the form y 2 = x3 + b, for x ≥ −√
3
b , where b ∈ Z+ .
1e. By varying the value of b, suggest two key features common to these [2 marks]
curves.
Markscheme
Any two from:
as , x → ∞, y → ±∞
as x → ∞, y 2 = x3 + b is approximated by y 2 = x3 (or similar)
they have x intercepts at x = −√3
b
they have y intercepts at y =(±)√ b
they all have the same range
y = 0 (or x-axis) is a line of symmetry
they all have the same line of symmetry (y = 0)
they have one x-axis intercept
they have two y-axis intercepts
they have two points of inflexion
at x-axis intercepts, curve is vertical/infinite gradient
there is no cusp/sharp point at x-axis intercepts A1A1
Note: The last example is the only valid answer for things “not” present. Do
not credit an answer of “they are all symmetrical” without some reference
to the line of symmetry.
Note: Do not allow same/ similar shape or equivalent.
Note: In accordance with marking rules, mark their first two responses and
ignore any subsequent.
[2 marks]
2 3
Next, consider the curve y 2 = x3 + x, x ≥ 0.
2
1f. Show that d y = ± 23x +1 , for x > 0. [3 marks]
dx √x 3+ x
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate implicitly M1
2y dd yx = 3x2 + 1 A1
dy 3x2+1
dx
= 2y
OR (±)2√x3 + x dd yx = 3x2 + 1 A1
dy 2
dx
= ± 23x +1
3+
AG
√x x
METHOD 2
attempt to use chain rule y =(±)√x3 + x M1
dy − 12
dx
=(±) 12 (x3 + x) (3x2 + 1) A1A1
1 3 − 12
Note: Award A1 for (±) 2 (x + x) , A1 for (3x2 + 1)
dy 2
dx
= ± 23x +1
3+
AG
√x x
[3 marks]
1g. Hence deduce that the curve y 2 = x3 + x has no local minimum or [1 mark]
maximum points.
Markscheme
EITHER
dy
local minima/maxima occur when d
x
=0
1 + 3x2 = 0 has no (real) solutions (or equivalent) R1
OR
dy
(x2 ≥ 0 ⇒) 3x2 + 1 > 0, so dx
≠0 R1
THEN
so, no local minima/maxima exist AG
[1 mark]
2 3
The curve y 2 = x3 + x has two points of inflexion. Due to the symmetry of the
curve these points have the same x-coordinate.
1h. Find the value of this x-coordinate, giving your answer in the form [7 marks]
x=√
p√3+q
r
, where p, q, r ∈ Z.
Markscheme
EITHER
d2 y
attempt to use quotient rule to find M1
d x2
1
−
d2 y 12x√x+x3− ( 1+3x2 ) ( x+x3 ) 2 ( 1+3x2 )
d x2
=(±) 4 ( x+ x3 )
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct 12x√x + x3 and correct denominator, A1 for

− 12
correct −(1 + 3x2 )(x + x3 ) (1 + 3x2 ).
Note: Future A marks may be awarded if the denominator is missing or
incorrect.
d2 y
stating or using
d x2
= 0 (may be seen anywhere) (M1)
− 12
12x√x + x3 =(1 + 3x2 )(x + 3
x ) (1 + 3x2 )
OR
d2 y
attempt to use product rule to find M1
d x2
d2 y − 32 − 12
d x2
= 12 (3x2 + 1)(− 12 )(3x2 + 1)(x3 + x) + 3x(x3 + x) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct first term, A1 for correct second term.
d2 y
setting
d x2
=0 (M1)
OR
attempts implicit differentiation on 2y dd yx = 3x2 + 1 M1

2
2( dd yx ) + 2y d x2 = 6x
d2 y
A1
d2 y
recognizes that
d x2
=0 (M1)
dy
dx
= ±√3x
2
(±) 23x +1
3+
=(±)√3x (A1)
√x x
THEN
2
12x(x + x3 )= (1 + 3x2 )
12x2 + 12x4 = 9x4 + 6x2 + 1
3x4 + 6x2 − 1 = 0 A1
attempt to use quadratic formula or equivalent (M1)
−6±√48
x2 = 6
(x > 0 ⇒)x = √
2√3−3
3
(p = 2, q = −3, r = 3) A1
Note: Accept any integer multiple of p, q and r (e.g. 4, −6 and 6).

[7 marks]
P(x, y) is defined to be a rational point on a curve if x and y are rational

numbers.
The tangent to the curve y 2 = x3 + ax + b at a rational point P intersects the
curve at another rational point Q .
Let C be the curve y 2 = x3 + 2, for x ≥ −√2
3
. The rational point P(−1, − 1)
lies on C.
1i. Find the equation of the tangent to C at P. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to find tangent line through (−1, − 1) (M1)
y + 1 = − 32 (x + 1) OR y = −1. 5x − 2. 5 A1
[2 marks]
Q
1j. Hence, find the coordinates of the rational point Q where this [2 marks]
tangent intersects C, expressing each coordinate as a fraction.
Markscheme
attempt to solve simultaneously with y 2 = x3 + 2 (M1)
Note: The M1 mark can be awarded for an unsupported correct answer in

an incorrect format (e.g. (4. 25, − 8. 875)).
obtain ( 17
4
, − 71
8
) A1
[2 marks]
S(−1 , 1) [QS]
1k. The point S(−1 , 1) also lies on C. The line [QS] intersects C at a [5 marks]
further point. Determine the coordinates of this point.
Markscheme
attempt to find equation of [QS] (M1)
y−1
x+1
= − 79
42
(= −1. 88095 …) (A1)
solve simultaneously with y 2 = x3 + 2 (M1)

127
x = 0. 28798 …(= 441
) A1
13175
y = −1. 4226 …(= 9261
) A1
(0. 228, −1. 42)
OR
attempt to find vector equation of [QS] (M1)
21
)+λ( 479 )
−1
( )=(
x
(A1)
y 1 −8
21
x = −1 + 4
λ
79
y= 1− 8
λ
79 2 21 3
attempt to solve (1 − 8
λ) = (−1 + 4
λ) +2 (M1)
λ = 0. 2453 …
127
x = 0. 28798 …(= 441
) A1
13175
y = −1. 4226 …(= 9261
) A1
(0. 228, −1. 42)
[5 marks]
−1
A particle P moves along the x-axis. The velocity of P is v m s−1 at time t
seconds, where v(t) = 4 + 4t − 3t2 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 3. When t = 0, P is at the origin
O.
2a. Find the value of t when P reaches its maximum velocity. [2 marks]
Markscheme
b
valid approach to find turning point (v' = 0, − 2a
, average of roots)
(M1)
2
− +2
4
4 − 6t = 0 OR − 2 ( −3 )
OR 3
2
2
t= 3
(s) A1
[2 marks]
88
2b. Show that the distance of P from 88 [5 marks]
O at this time is 27
metres.
Markscheme
attempt to integrate v (M1)
∫ v d t = ∫(4 + 4t − 3t2 ) d t = 4t + 2t2 − t3 (+c) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for 4t + 2t2 , A1 for −t3 .
attempt to substitute their t into their solution for the integral (M1)
2 3
distance = 4( 23 )+2( 23 ) − ( 23 )
8
= 3
+ 89 − 27
8
(or equivalent) A1
88
= 27
(m) AG
[5 marks]
2c. Sketch a graph of v against t, clearly showing any points of [4 marks]

intersection with the axes.
Markscheme
valid approach to solve 4 + 4t − 3t2 = 0 (may be seen in part (a))

(M1)
−4±√16+48
(2 − t)(2 + 3t) OR −6
correct x- intercept on the graph at t = 2 A1
Note: The following two A marks may only be awarded if the shape is
a concave down parabola. These two marks are independent of each other
and the (M1).
correct domain from 0 to 3 starting at (0, 4) A1
Note: The 3 must be clearly indicated.
2
vertex in approximately correct place for t= 3
and v>4 A1
[4 marks]
2d. Find the total distance travelled by P. [5 marks]
Markscheme
3
∫
recognising to integrate between 0 and 2, or 2 and 3 OR 0 ∣4 + 4t − 3t2 ∣ d t
(M1)
2
∫
0 (4 + 4t − 3t2 ) d t
=8 A1
3
∫
2 (4 + 4t − 3t2 ) d t
= −5 A1
valid approach to sum the two areas (seen anywhere) (M1)
2 3 2 3
∫ ∫ ∫ ∣∫ ∣
0 v d t − 2 v d t OR 0 v d t +∣2 v d t∣
∣ ∣
total distance travelled = 13 (m) A1
[5 marks]
Consider the function f(x)= ax where x, a ∈ R and x > 0, a > 1.

The graph of f contains the point ( 23 , 4).
3a. Show that a = 8. [2 marks]

Markscheme
2
f( 23 )= 4 OR a 3 = 4 (M1)
3 3
a = 4 2 OR a = (22 ) 2 OR a2 = 64 OR √
3 a =2 A1
a=8 AG
[2 marks]
3b. Write down an expression for f −1 (x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
f −1 (x)= log8 x A1
Note: Accept f −1 (x)= loga x.

Accept any equivalent expression for f −1 e.g. f −1 (x)= ln x .
ln8
[1 mark]
( )
Find the value of f −1 (√32).
3c. [3 marks]
Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
1
log8 √32 OR 8x = 32 2
correct working involving log/index law (A1)
5
1 5 1
2 log 8 32 OR 2 log 8 2 OR log8 2 = 3
OR log2 2 2 OR log2 8 = 3 OR
5
5
ln2 2
ln23
OR 2 3x = 2 2
f −1 (√32)= 5
6
A1
[3 marks]
log 27 , log , log , log 125 ,

Consider the arithmetic sequence log 8 27 , log8 p , log8 q , log8 125 , where
p > 1 and q > 1.
3d. Show that 27, p, q and 125 are four consecutive terms in a geometric [4 marks]
sequence.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
equating a pair of differences (M1)
u2 − u1 = u4 − u3 (= u3 − u2 )
log8 p − log8 27 = log8 125 − log8 q
log8 125 − log8 q = log8 q − log8 p
p
log8 ( 27 )= log8 ( 125
q
) , log8 ( 125
q
)= log8 ( qp ) A1A1
125
and 125
p q
27
= q q
= p
A1
27, p, q and 125 are in geometric sequence AG
Note: If candidate assumes the sequence is geometric, award no marks

for part (i). If r = 53 has been found, this will be awarded marks in part (ii).
METHOD 2
expressing a pair of consecutive terms, in terms of d (M1)
p = 8d × 27 and q = 82d × 27 OR q = 82d × 27 and 125 = 83d × 27
two correct pairs of consecutive terms, in terms of d A1
8d×27 82d×27 83d×27
27
= = (must include 3 ratios) A1
8d×27 82d×27
all simplify to 8d A1
27, p, q and 125 are in geometric sequence AG
[4 marks]
3e. Find the value of p and the value of q. [5 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (geometric, finding r)
u4 = u1 r3 OR 125 = 27(r)3 (M1)
5
r= 3
(seen anywhere) A1
p= 27r OR 125q
= 53 (M1)
p = 45, q = 75 A1A1
METHOD 2 (arithmetic)
u4 = u1 + 3d OR log8 125 = log8 27 + 3d (M1)
d = log8 ( 53 ) (seen anywhere) A1
log8 p = log8 27 + log8 ( 53 ) OR log8 q = log8 27 + 2 log8 ( 53 )

(M1)
p = 45, q = 75 A1A1
METHOD 3 (geometric using proportion)

recognizing proportion (M1)
pq = 125 × 27 OR q 2 = 125p OR p2 = 27q
two correct proportion equations A1
attempt to eliminate either p or q (M1)
125×27 125×27
q 2 = 125 × q
OR p2 = 27 × p
p = 45, q = 75 A1A1
[5 marks]
A P AP
Points A and P lie on opposite banks of a river, such that AP is the shortest
distance across the river. Point B represents the centre of a city which is located
on the riverbank. PB = 215 km, AP = 65 km and AP̂B = 90°.
The following diagram shows this information.
−1
A boat travels at an average speed of 42 kmh . A bus travels along the straight
−1
road between P and B at an average speed of 84 kmh .
Find the travel time, in hours, from A to B given that
4a. the boat is taken from A to P, and the bus from P to B. [2 marks]
Markscheme
AP OR 215 65 215
42 84
OR 42
+ 84
(M1)
time = 4. 10714 … (hours)
time = 4. 11 (hours) A1
[2 marks]
B
4b. the boat travels directly to B. [2 marks]
Markscheme
AB = √2152 + 652 (= 224. 610 …) (A1)
time = 5. 34787 … (hours)
time = 5. 35 (hours) A1
[2 marks]
D P B BD = km
There is a point D, which lies on the road from P to B, such that BD = x km. The
boat travels from A to D, and the bus travels from D to B.
4c. Find an expression, in terms of x for the travel time T , from A to B [3 marks]
, passing through D.
Markscheme
AD = √(215 − x)2 + 652 (A1)
√ ( 215−x ) 2+652
t= 42
(A1)
√ ( 215−x ) 2+652
x (= √x −430x+50450 x )
2
T= 42
+ 84 42
+ 84
A1
[3 marks]
4d. Find the value of x so that T is a minimum. [2 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach to find the minimum for T (may be seen in (iii)) (M1)
graph of T OR T ' = 0 OR graph of T '
x = 177. 472 … km
x = 177 km A1
[2 marks]
4e. Write down the minimum value of T . [1 mark]
Markscheme
T = 3. 89980 …
T = 3. 90 (hours) A1
Note: Only allow FT in (b)(ii) and (iii) for 0 < x < 215 and a function T
that has a minimum in that interval.
[1 mark]
An excursion involves renting the boat and the bus. The cost to rent the boat is
$ 200 per hour, and the cost to rent the bus is $ 150 per hour.
4f. Find the new value of x so that the total cost C to travel from A to B via [3 marks]
D is a minimum.
Markscheme
√ ( 215−x ) 2+652
C = 200 ⋅ 42
+ 150 ⋅ x
84
(A1)
valid approach to find the minimum for C(x) (may be seen in (ii))
(M1)
graph of C OR C' = 0 OR graph of C'
x = 188. 706 … km
x = 189 km A1
Note: Only allow FT from (b) if the function T has a minimum in 0 < x < 215.
[3 marks]
4g. Write down the minimum total cost for this journey. [1 mark]
Markscheme
C = 670. 864
C = $671 A1
Note: Only allow FT from (c)(i) if the function C has a minimum in

0 < x < 215.
[1 mark]
The height of water, in metres, in Dungeness harbour is modelled by the function
H(t) = a sin(b(t − c)) + d, where t is the number of hours after midnight, and
a, b, c and d are constants, where a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0.
The following graph shows the height of the water for 13 hours, starting at
midnight.
The first high tide occurs at 04 : 30 and the next high tide occurs 12 hours later.
Throughout the day, the height of the water fluctuates between 2. 2 m and 6. 8 m .
All heights are given correct to one decimal place.
π
5a. Show that b= 6
. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2π 2π
12 = b
OR b= 12 A1
π
b= 6
AG
[1 mark]
Markscheme
6.8−2.2
a= 2 OR a = max−min
2 (M1)
= 2. 3 (m) A1
[2 marks]
5c. Find the value of d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
6.8+2.2
d= 2 OR d = max+min
2 (M1)
= 4. 5 (m) A1
[2 marks]
5d. Find the smallest possible value of c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
substituting t = 4. 5 and H = 6. 8 for example into their equation for H
(A1)
6. 8 = 2. 3 sin( π6 (4. 5 − c))+4. 5
attempt to solve their equation (M1)
c = 1. 5 A1
METHOD 2
using horizontal translation of 12
4
(M1)
4. 5 − c = 3 (A1)
c = 1. 5 A1
METHOD 3
H'(t)=(2. 3)( π6 )cos( π6 (t − c)) (A1)
attempts to solve their H'(4. 5)= 0 for c (M1)

(2. 3)( π6 )cos( π6 (4. 5 − c))= 0
c = 1. 5 A1
[3 marks]
5e. Find the height of the water at 12 : 00. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to find H when t = 12 or t = 0, graphically or algebraically
(M1)
H = 2. 87365 …
H = 2. 87 (m) A1
[2 marks]
5f. Determine the number of hours, over a 24-hour period, for which the [3 marks]
tide is higher than 5 metres.
Markscheme
attempt to solve 5 = 2. 3 sin( π6 (t − 1. 5))+4. 5 (M1)
times are t= 1. 91852 … and
t = 7. 08147 … , (t = 13. 9185 … , t = 19. 0814 …) (A1)
total time is 2 ×(7. 081 … − 1. 919 …)
10. 3258 …
= 10. 3 (hours) A1
Note: Accept 10.
[3 marks]
π
6a. Show that b= 6
. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2π 2π
12 = b
OR b= 12 A1
π
b= 6
AG
[1 mark]
Markscheme
6.8−2.2
a= 2 OR a = max−min
2 (M1)
= 2. 3 (m) A1
[2 marks]
6c. Find the value of d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
6.8+2.2
d= 2 OR d = max+min
2 (M1)
= 4. 5 (m) A1
[2 marks]
6d. Find the smallest possible value of c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
substituting t = 4. 5 and H = 6. 8 for example into their equation for H
(A1)
6. 8 = 2. 3 sin( π6 (4. 5 − c))+4. 5
attempt to solve their equation (M1)
c = 1. 5 A1
METHOD 2
using horizontal translation of 12
4
(M1)
4. 5 − c = 3 (A1)
c = 1. 5 A1
METHOD 3
H'(t)=(2. 3)( π6 )cos( π6 (t − c)) (A1)
attempts to solve their H'(4. 5)= 0 for c (M1)

(2. 3)( π6 )cos( π6 (4. 5 − c))= 0
c = 1. 5 A1
[3 marks]
6e. Find the height of the water at 12 : 00. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to find H when t = 12 or t = 0, graphically or algebraically
(M1)
H = 2. 87365 …
H = 2. 87 (m) A1
[2 marks]
6f. Determine the number of hours, over a 24-hour period, for which the [3 marks]
tide is higher than 5 metres.
Markscheme
attempt to solve 5 = 2. 3 sin( π6 (t − 1. 5))+4. 5 (M1)
times are t= 1. 91852 … and
t = 7. 08147 … , (t = 13. 9185 … , t = 19. 0814 …) (A1)
total time is 2 ×(7. 081 … − 1. 919 …)
10. 3258 …
= 10. 3 (hours) A1
Note: Accept 10.
[3 marks]
6g. A fisherman notes that the water height at nearby Folkestone harbour [2 marks]
follows the same sinusoidal pattern as that of Dungeness harbour, with
the exception that high tides (and low tides) occur 50 minutes earlier than at
Dungeness.
Find a suitable equation that may be used to model the tidal height of water
at Folkestone harbour.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
11
substitutes t= 3
and H = 6. 8 into their equation for H and attempts to
solve for c (M1)
6. 8 = 2. 3 sin( π6 ( 11
3
− c))+4. 5 ⇒ c = 2
3
H(t)= 2. 3 sin( π6 (t − 23 ))+4. 5 A1
METHOD 2
uses their horizontal translation ( 12
4
= 3) (M1)
11 2
3
−c=3⇒c= 3
H(t)= 2. 3 sin( π6 (t − 23 ))+4. 5 A1
[2 marks]
In this question you will explore some of the properties of special

functions f and g and their relationship with the trigonometric functions,
sine and cosine.
ez+e−z ez−e−z
Functions f and g are defined as f(z)= 2 and g(z)= 2 , where z ∈ C.
Consider t and u, such that t, u ∈ R.
7a. Verify that d2 u [2 marks]

u = f(t) satisfies the differential equation d t2
= u.
Markscheme
et−e−t
f'(t)= 2 A1
et+e−t
f ''(t)= 2 A1
= f(t) AG
[2 marks]
7b. Show that (f(t))2 + (g(t))2 = f(2t). [3 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
(f(t))2 + (g(t))2
substituting f and g M1
2 2
( et+e−t ) + ( et−e−t )
= 4
2 2 2 2
( et ) +2+ ( e−t ) + ( et ) −2+ ( e−t )
= 4
(M1)
2 2
( et ) + ( e−t )
= 2 (= e2t+e−2t
2 ) A1
= f(2t) AG
METHOD 2
e2t+e−2t
f(2t)= 2
2 2
( et ) + ( e−t )
= 2 M1
2 2
( et+e−t ) + ( et−e−t )
= 4
M1A1
= (f(t))2 + (g(t))2 AG
Note: Accept combinations of METHODS 1 & 2 that meet at equivalent

expressions.
[3 marks]
i
Using eiu = cos u + i sin u, find expressions, in terms of sin u and cos u, for
7c. f(iu). [3 marks]
Markscheme
substituting eiu = cos u + i sin u into the expression for f (M1)
obtaining e-iu = cos u − i sin u (A1)
cos u+isin u+cos u−isin u
f(iu)= 2
Note: The M1 can be awarded for the use of sine and cosine being odd and
even respectively.
2cos u
= 2
= cos u A1
[3 marks]
(i )
7d. g(iu). [2 marks]
Markscheme
cos u+isin u−cos u+isin u
g(iu)= 2
substituting and attempt to simplify (M1)
2isin u
= 2
= i sin u A1
[2 marks]
7e. Hence find, and simplify, an expression for (f(iu))2 + (g(iu))2 . [2 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
(f(iu))2 + (g(iu))2
substituting expressions found in part (c) (M1)
= cos2 u − sin2 u (= cos 2u) A1
METHOD 2
e2iu+e−2iu
f(2iu)= 2
cos2u+isin2u+cos2u−isin2u
= 2 M1
= cos 2u A1
Note: Accept equivalent final answers that have been simplified removing
all imaginary parts eg 2 cos2 u − 1etc
[2 marks]
7f. Show that (f(t))2 − (g(t))2 = (f(iu))2 − (g(iu))2 . [4 marks]

Markscheme
2 2
2 2 ( et+e−t ) − ( et−e−t )
(f(t)) − (g(t)) = 4
M1
( e2t+e−2t+2 ) − ( e2t+e−2t−2 )
= 4
A1
4
= 4
=1 A1
Note: Award A1 for a value of 1 obtained from either LHS or RHS of

given expression.
(f(iu))2 − (g(iu))2 = cos2 u + sin2 u M1
= 1 (hence (f(t))2 − (g(t))2 = (f(iu))2 − (g(iu))2 ) AG
Note: Award full marks for showing that (f(z))2 − (g(z))2 = 1, ∀z ∈ C.
[4 marks]
cos sin
The functions cos x and sin x are known as circular functions as the general point
(cos θ, sin θ) defines points on the unit circle with equation x2 + y 2 = 1.
The functions f(x) and g(x) are known as hyperbolic functions, as the general
point ( f(θ), g(θ) ) defines points on a curve known as a hyperbola with equation
x2 − y 2 = 1. This hyperbola has two asymptotes.
7g. Sketch the graph of x2 − y 2 = 1, stating the coordinates of any axis [4 marks]
intercepts and the equation of each asymptote.
Markscheme
A1A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct curves in the upper quadrants, A1 for correct
curves in the lower quadrants, A1 for correct x-intercepts of (−1, 0) and
(1, 0) (condone x = −1 and 1), A1 for y = x and y = −x.
[4 marks]
2 2
7h. The hyperbola with equation x2 − y 2 = 1 can be rotated to coincide with [5 marks]
the curve defined by xy = k, k ∈ R.
Find the possible values of k.
Markscheme
attempt to rotate by 45° in either direction (M1)
Note: Evidence of an attempt to relate to a sketch of xy = k would be

sufficient for this (M1).
attempting to rotate a particular point, eg (1, 0) (M1)
(1, 0) rotates to ( 1
, ± 1
) (or similar) (A1)
√2 √2
hence k = ± 12 A1A1
[5 marks]
In this question you will be exploring the strategies required to solve a
system of linear differential equations.
Consider the system of linear differential equations of the form:
dx dy
dt
= x − y and dt
= ax + y,
where x, y, t ∈ R+ and a is a parameter.
First consider the case where a = 0.
8a. By solving the differential equation d y = y, show that y = Aet where A [3 marks]
dt
is a constant.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
dy
dt
=y
dy
∫ y
= ∫ dt (M1)
ln y = t + c OR ln |y|= t + c A1A1
Note: Award A1 for ln y and A1 for t and c.
y = Aet AG
METHOD 2
dy
rearranging to d t − y = 0 AND multiplying by integrating factor e−t
M1
ye−t = A A1A1
y = Aet AG
[3 marks]
8b. Show that d x − x = −Aet . [1 mark]

dt
Markscheme
substituting y = Aet into differential equation in x M1
dx = x − Aet
dt
dx − x = −Aet AG
dt
[1 mark]
8c. Solve the differential equation in part (a)(ii) to find x as a function of t. [4 marks]
Markscheme
integrating factor (IF) is e∫ −1 d t (M1)
= e−t (A1)
e−t dd xt − xe−t = −A
xe−t = −At + D (A1)
x =(−At + D)et A1
Note: The first constant must be A, and the second can be any constant for
the final A1 to be awarded. Accept a change of constant applied at the end.
[4 marks]
Now consider the case where a = −1.
d2 y
8d.
By differentiating d
dy
t
= −x + y with respect to t, show that d t2
= 2 dd yt . [3 marks]
Markscheme
d2 y dy
d t2
= − dd xt + dt
A1
EITHER
dy
= −x + y + dt
(M1)
dy dy
= dt
+ dt
A1
OR
= −x + y +(−x + y) (M1)
= 2(−x + y) A1
THEN
= 2 dd yt AG
[3 marks]
8e. By substituting Y dy [3 marks]

= dt
, show that Y = Be2t where B is a constant.
Markscheme
dY = 2Y A1
dt
∫ dY = ∫ 2dt M1
Y
ln|Y |= 2t + c OR ln Y = 2t + c A1
Y = Be2t AG
[3 marks]
8f. Hence find y as a function of t. [2 marks]
Markscheme
dy
dt
= Be2t
y = ∫ Be2t d t M1
B 2t
y= 2e +C A1
Note: The first constant must be B, and the second can be any constant for
the final A1 to be awarded. Accept a change of constant applied at the end.
[2 marks]
8g. Hence show that x = − B2 e2t + C, where C is a constant. [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
dy dy
substituting d
t
= Be2t and their (iii) into dt
= −x + y M1(M1)
Be2t = −x + B 2t
2e +C A1
x = − B2 e2t + C AG
Note: Follow through from incorrect part (iii) cannot be awarded if it does not
lead to the AG .
METHOD 2
dx = x− B 2t
dt 2e −C
dx − x = − B2 e2t − C
dt
d ( xe−t )
dt
= − B2 et − Ce−t M1
xe−t = ∫ − B2 et − Ce−t d t
xe−t = − B2 et − Ce−t + D A1
x = − B2 e2t + C + Det
dy
dt
= −x + y ⇒ Be2t = B 2t
2e − C − Det + B 2t
2e +C⇒D=0 M1
x = − B2 e2t + C AG
[3 marks]
= −4
Now consider the case where a = −4.
8h. d2 y [3 marks]
Show that
d t2
− 2 dd yt − 3y = 0.
Markscheme
dy
dt
= −4x + y
d2 y dy
d t2
= −4 dd xt + dt
seen anywhere M1
METHOD 1
d2 y
d t2
= −4(x − y)+ dd yt
attempt to eliminate x M1
= −4( 14 (y − dy
dt
)−y)+ dy
dt
= 2 dd yt + 3y A1
d2 y
d t2
− 2 dd yt − 3y = 0 AG
METHOD 2
rewriting LHS in terms of x and y M1
d2 y
d t2
− 2 dd yt − 3y =(−8x + 5y)−2(−4x + y)−3y A1
=0 AG
[3 marks]
From previous cases, we might conjecture that a solution to this differential
equation is y = F eλt , λ ∈ R and F is a constant.
8i. d2 y [4 marks]
Find the two values for λ that satisfy
d t2
− 2 dd yt − 3y = 0.
Markscheme
dy d2 y
dt
= F λeλt , d t2
= F λ2 eλt (A1)
F λ2 eλt − 2F λeλt − 3F eλt = 0 (M1)

λ2 − 2λ − 3 = 0 (since eλt ≠ 0) A1
λ1 and λ2 are 3 and −1 (either order) A1
[4 marks]
8j. Let the two values found in part (c)(ii) be λ1 and λ2 . [4 marks]
Verify that y = F eλ1t + Geλ2t is a solution to the differential equation in (c)
(i),where G is a constant.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
y = F e3t + Ge−t
dy d2 y
dt
= 3F e3t − Ge−t , d t2
= 9F e3t − Ge−t (A1)(A1)
d2 y
d t2
− 2 dd yt − 3y = 9F e3t + Ge−t − 2(3F e3t − Ge−t )−3(F e3t − Ge−t )
M1
= 9F e3t + Ge−t − 6F e3t + 2Ge−t − 3F e3t − 3Ge−t A1
=0 AG
METHOD 2
y = F eλ1t + Geλ2t
dy d2 y
dt
= F λ1 eλ1t + Gλ2 e , 2
λ2 t = F λ1 2 eλ1t + Gλ2 2 eλ2t (A1)(A1)
dt
d2 y
d t2
− 2 dd yt − 3y = F λ1 2 eλ1t + Gλ2 2 eλ2t − 2(F λ1 eλ1t + Gλ2 eλ2t )−3(F eλ1t + Geλ2t
M1
= F eλ1t (λ2 − 2λ − 3)+Geλ2t (λ2 − 2λ − 3) A1
=0 AG
[4 marks]
2 R R
Let f(x)= mx2 − 2mx, where x ∈ R and m ∈ R. The line y = mx − 9 meets the
graph of f at exactly one point.
9a. Show that m = 4. [6 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (discriminant)
mx2 − 2mx = mx − 9 (M1)
mx2 − 3mx + 9 = 0
recognizing Δ = 0 (seen anywhere) M1
2
Δ = (−3m)2 − 4(m)(9) (do not accept only in quadratic formula for x) A1
valid approach to solve quadratic for m (M1)
36±√362−4×9×0
9m(m − 4)= 0 OR m = 2×9
both solutions m = 0, 4 A1
m ≠ 0 with a valid reason R1
the two graphs would not intersect OR 0 ≠ −9
m = 4 AG
METHOD 2 (equating slopes)
mx2 − 2mx = mx − 9 (seen anywhere) (M1)
f'(x)= 2mx − 2m A1
equating slopes, f'(x)= m (seen anywhere) M1
2mx − 2m = m
3
x= 2 A1
substituting their x value (M1)
2
( 32 ) m − 2m × 3
2 =m× 3
2 −9
9
4
m − 12
4
m = 64 m − 9 A1
−9m
4
= −9
m = 4 AG
−b
METHOD 3 (using 2 )
a
mx2 − 2mx = mx − 9 (M1)
mx2 − 3mx + 9 = 0
−b
attempt to find x-coord of vertex using 2 (M1)
a
− ( −3m )
2m
A1
x = 32 A1
substituting their x value (M1)
2
( 32 ) m − 3m × 3
2 +9=0
9
4
m − 92 m + 9 = 0 A1
−9m = −36
m = 4 AG
[6 marks]
The function f can be expressed in the form f(x)= 4(x − p)(x − q), where
p, q ∈ R.
9b. Find the value of p and the value of q. [2 marks]
Markscheme
4x(x − 2) (A1)
p = 0 and q = 2 OR p = 2 and q = 0 A1
[2 marks]
2
The function f can also be expressed in the form f(x)= 4(x − h)2 + k, where
h, k ∈ R.
9c. Find the value of h and the value of k. [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to use valid approach (M1)
0+2 − ( −8 )
2 , 2×4 , f(1), 8x − 8 = 0 OR 4(x2 − 2x + 1 − 1)(= 4(x − 1)2 − 4)
h = 1, k = −4 A1A1
[3 marks]
9d. Hence find the values of x where the graph of f is both negative and [3 marks]
increasing.
Markscheme
EITHER
recognition x = h to 2 (may be seen on sketch) (M1)
OR
recognition that f(x)< 0 and f'(x)> 0 (M1)
THEN
1 < x < 2 A1A1
Note: Award A1 for two correct values, A1 for correct inequality signs.
[3 marks]
Let y= ln x for x > 0.

x4
10a. Show that d y = 1−4ln x

. [3 marks]
dx x5
Markscheme
attempt to use quotient or product rule (M1)
x4 ( ) − ( ln x ) ( 4x3 )
1
dy
dx
= x
OR (ln x)(−4x−5 )+(x−4 )( 1x ) A1
( x4 ) 2
correct working A1
x3 ( 1−4ln x ) −4ln x 1
= x8
OR cancelling x3 OR x5
+ x5
1−4ln x
= x5
AG
[3 marks]
Consider the function defined by f(x) ln4x for x > 0 and its graph y = f(x).
x
10b. The graph of f has a horizontal tangent at point P. Find the coordinates [5 marks]
of P .
Markscheme
dy
f'(x)= dx
= 0 (M1)
1−4ln x
x5
=0
1
ln x = 4
(A1)
1
x = e 4 A1
substitution of their x to find y (M1)
1
lne 4
y= 1 4
(e4 )
1
= 4e
(= 14 e−1 ) A1
)
1
1
P(e 4 , 4e
[5 marks]
10c. Given that f 20ln x−9 [3 marks]

''(x)= x6
, show that P is a local maximum point.
Markscheme
1
f ''(e )=
1
20lne 4 −9
4
6 (M1)
1
(e4 )
= 5−9
e1.5
(= − e41.5 ) A1
which is negative R1
hence P is a local maximum AG
Note: The R1 is dependent on the previous A1 being awarded.
[3 marks]
10d. Solve f(x)> 0 for x > 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
ln x > 0 (A1)
x > 1 A1
[2 marks]
10e. Sketch the graph of f , showing clearly the value of the x-intercept and [3 marks]
the approximate position of point P .
Markscheme
A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for one x-intercept only, located at 1

A1 for local maximum, P, in approximately correct position
A1 for curve approaching x-axis as x → ∞ (including change in concavity).
[3 marks]
= arctan(2 + 1)+ π ∈R
The following diagram shows the graph of y = arctan(2x + 1)+ π4 for x ∈ R, with
3π
asymptotes at y = − π4 and y = 4
.
11a. Describe a sequence of transformations that transforms the graph of [3 marks]

y = arctan x to the graph of y = arctan(2x + 1)+ π4 for x ∈ R.
Markscheme
EITHER
horizontal stretch/scaling with scale factor 12
Note: Do not allow ‘shrink’ or ‘compression’
followed by a horizontal translation/shift 12 units to the left A2
Note: Do not allow ‘move’
OR
horizontal translation/shift 1 unit to the left
followed by horizontal stretch/scaling with scale factor 12 A2
THEN
0
vertical translation/shift up by π4 (or translation through ( π ) A1
4
(may be seen anywhere)
[3 marks]
( )
11b.
Show that arctan
p+q
p + arctan q ≡ arctan( 1−pq ) where p, q > 0 and [4 marks]
pq < 1.
Markscheme
letα = arctan p and β = arctan q M1
p = tan α and q = tan β (A1)
p+q
tan(α + β)= 1−pq
A1
p+q
α + β = arctan( 1−pq ) A1
so
p+q
arctan p + arctan q ≡ arctan( 1−pq ) where p, q > 0 and pq < 1. AG
[4 marks]
( )
11c.
Verify that arctan (2x + 1)= arctan ( x+1
x )+ π for x ∈ R, x > 0.
4
[3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
π
4
= arctan 1 (or equivalent) A1
) A1
x
+1
x )+arctan 1 = arctan(
arctan( x+1 x +1
x
1− (1)
x +1
x +x +1
= arctan( x +1
x +1−x
) A1
x +1
= arctan(2x + 1) AG
METHOD 2
π
tan 4
= 1 (or equivalent) A1
x )= π
Consider arctan(2x + 1)−arctan( +1 4 x
x ))
tan(arctan(2x + 1)−arctan( x+1
) A1
x
2x+1−
= arctan( x +1
x ( 2x +1 )
1+
x +1
) A1
( 2x+1 ) ( x+1 ) −x
= arctan( x+1+x ( 2x+1 )
= arctan 1 AG
METHOD 3
tan (arctan(2x + 1))= tan (arctan( x+1

x )+ π )
4
π
tan 4
= 1 (or equivalent) A1
LHS = 2x + 1 A1
x
+1
RHS = x +1
x (= 2x + 1) A1
1−
x +1
[3 marks]
11d. Using mathematical induction and the result from part (b), prove that [9 marks]
n
Σ
r=1arctan( 12 )= n ) for n ∈ Z+ .
arctan( n+1
2r
Markscheme
n
n
Σ
let P(n) be the proposition that r=1arctan( 21r2 )= arctan( n+1
n ) for n ∈ Z+
consider P(1)
1
Σ
when n = 1, r=1arctan( 21r2 )= arctan( 12 )= RHS and so P(1) is true R1
k
Σ
assume P(k) is true, ie. r=1arctan( 21r2 )= arctan( k+1
k
)(k ∈ Z+ ) M1
Note: Award M0 for statements such as “let n = k”.
Note: Subsequent marks after this M1 are independent of this mark and can
be awarded.
consider P(k + 1):
k+1 k
Σ Σ
r=1 arctan( 12 )= r=1arctan( 12 )+arctan( 1
) (M1)
2r 2r 2 ( k+1 ) 2
k
= arctan( k+1 )+arctan( 1
) A1
2 ( k+1 ) 2
⎛ ⎞
k 1
+
= arctan⎜ 2 ( k+1 ) 2
⎟ M1
k+1
⎝ 1− (
k
)(
1
) ⎠
k+1 2 ( k+1 ) 2
) A1
( k+1 ) ( 2k2+2k+1 )
= arctan(
2 ( k+1 ) 3−k
Note: Award A1 for correct numerator, with (k + 1) factored. Denominator

does not need to be simplified
) A1
( k+1 ) ( 2k2+2k+1 )
= arctan( 2k3+6k2+5k+2
Note: Award A1 for denominator correctly expanded. Numerator does not

need to be simplified. These two A marks may be awarded in any order
)= arctan( kk+1 ) A1
( k+1 ) ( 2k2+2k+1 )
= arctan( ( k+2 ) ( 2k2+2k+1 ) +2
Note: The word ‘arctan’ must be present to be able to award the last three A
marks
P(k + 1) is true whenever P(k) is true and P(1) is true, so
P(n) is true for for n ∈ Z+ R1
Note: Award the final R1 mark provided at least four of the previous marks
have been awarded.
P( ) P( )
Note: To award the final R1, the truth of P(k) must be mentioned. ‘P(k)
implies P(k + 1)’ is insufficient to award the mark.
[9 marks]
Consider the function f defined by f(x)= 90e−0.5x for x ∈ R+ .

The graph of f and the line y = x intersect at point P .
12a. Find the x-coordinate of P. [2 marks]
Markscheme
Attempt to find the point of intersection of the graph of f and the line y = x
(M1)
x = 5. 56619 …
= 5. 57 A1
[2 marks]
−1 Q
The line L has a gradient of −1 and is a tangent to the graph of f at the point Q.
12b. Find the exact coordinates of Q . [4 marks]
Markscheme
f'(x)= −45e−0.5x A1
attempt to set the gradient of f equal to −1 (M1)
−45e−0.5x =−1
1
Q has coordinates (2 ln 45, 2) (accept (−2 ln 45
, 2) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each value, even if the answer is not given as a
coordinate pair.
ln 451
Do not accept −0.5 or ln45
0.5
as a final value for x. Do not accept 2. 0 or 2. 00 as
a final value for y.
[4 marks]
= − + 2 ln 45 + 2
12c. Show that the equation of L is y = −x + 2 ln 45 + 2. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute coordinates of Q (in any order) into an appropriate
equation (M1)
y − 2 = −(x − 2 ln 45) OR 2 = −2 ln 45 + c A1
equation of L is y = −x + 2 ln 45 + 2 AG
[2 marks]
The shaded region A is enclosed by the graph of f and the lines y = x and L.
12d. Find the x-coordinate of the point where L intersects the line y = x. [1 mark]
Markscheme
x = ln 45 + 1(= 4. 81) A1
[1 mark]
12e. Hence, find the area of A. [4 marks]
Markscheme
appropriate method to find the sum of two areas using integrals of the
difference of two functions (M1)
Note: Allow absence of incorrect limits.
5.566… 7.613…
∫4.806… (x −(−x + 2 ln 45 + 2))d x + ∫5.566… (90e−0.5x −(−x + 2 ln 45 + 2))d x
(A1)(A1)
Note: Award A1 for one correct integral expression including correct limits
and integrand.
Award A1 for a second correct integral expression including correct limits and
integrand.
= 1. 52196 …
= 1. 52 A1
[4 marks]
12f. The line L is tangent to the graphs of both f and the inverse function [2 marks]
f −1 .
Find the shaded area enclosed by the graphs of f and f −1 and the line L.
Markscheme
by symmetry 2 × 1. 52 … (M1)
= 3. 04 A1
Note: Accept any answer that rounds to 3. 0 (but do not accept 3).
[2 marks]
3 +2
R
3x+2
The function f is defined by f(x)= 4x2−1
, for x ∈ R, x ≠ p, x ≠ q.
13a. Find the value of p and the value of q. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to solve 4x2 − 1 = 0 e.g. by factorising 4x2 − 1 (M1)
p = 12 , q = − 12 or vice versa A1
[2 marks]
13b. Find an expression for f'(x). [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to use quotient rule or product rule (M1)
EITHER
(= ) A1A1
3 ( 4x2−1 ) −8x ( 3x+2 ) −12x2−16x−3
f'(x)=
( 4x2−1 ) 2 ( 4x2−1 ) 2
Note: Award A1 for each term in the numerator with correct signs, provided
correct denominator is seen.
OR
−2 −1
f'(x)= −8x(3x + 2)(4x2 − 1) + 3(4x2 − 1) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each term.
[3 marks]
The graph of y = f(x) has exactly one point of inflexion.
13c. Find the x-coordinate of the point of inflexion. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to find the local min point on y = f'(x) OR solve f ''(x)= 0 (M1)
x = −1. 60 A1
[2 marks]
= ( ) −3 ≤ ≤3
13d. Sketch the graph of y = f(x) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3, showing the values of [5 marks]
any axes intercepts, the coordinates of any local maxima and local minima, and
giving the equations of any asymptotes.
Markscheme
A1A1A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for both vertical asymptotes with their equations, award A1
for horizontal asymptote with equation, award A1 for each correct branch
including asymptotic behaviour, coordinates of minimum and maximum points
(may be seen next to the graph) and values of axes intercepts.
If vertical asymptotes are absent (or not vertical) and the branches overlap as
a consequence, award maximum A0A1A0A1A1 .
[5 marks]
4 2−1
4x2−1
The function g is defined by g(x)= 3x+2
, for x ∈ R, x ≠ − 23 .
13e. Find the equations of all the asymptotes on the graph of y = g(x). [4 marks]
Markscheme
x = − 23 (= −0. 667) A1
(oblique asymptote has) gradient 43 (= 1. 33) (A1)
appropriate method to find complete equation of oblique asymptote M1
4
−8
3x 9
3x + 2 4x2 + 0x − 1
8
4 x 2+ x
3
8
− x−1
3
− 83 x − 16
9
7
9
y = 43 x − 89 (= 1. 33x − 0. 889) A1
Note: Do not award the final A1 if the answer is not given as an equation.
[4 marks]
= ( )− ( )
13f. By considering the graph of y = g(x) − f(x), or otherwise, solve [4 marks]
f(x) < g(x) for x ∈ R.
Markscheme
attempting to find at least one critical value
(x = −0. 568729 … , x = 1. 31872 …) (M1)
− 23 < x < −0. 569 OR −0. 5 < x < 0. 5 OR x > 1. 32 A1A1A1
Note: Only penalize once for use of ≤ rather than < .
[4 marks]
1
R
1
The function f has a derivative given by f'(x)= x ( k−x )
, x ∈ R, x ≠ o, x ≠ k
where k is a positive constant.
14a. The expression forf'(x) can be written in the form a + b

, where [3 marks]
x k−x
a, b ∈ R. Find a and b in terms of k.
Markscheme
1 b
x ( k−x )
≡ a
x
+ −
k x
a(k − x)+bx = 1 (A1)

attempt to compare coefficients OR substitute x = k and x = 0 and solve
(M1)
1 1
a= k
and b= k
A1
1 1
f'(x) = kx
+ k k−x )
(
[3 marks]
( )
14b. Hence, find an expression for f(x). [3 marks]
Markscheme
b
attempt to integrate their ax + k−x
(M1)
f(x) 1k ∫( 1x + 1
k−x
)d x
= 1k (ln|x|− ln|k − x|)(+c)(= 1k ln∣∣ k−x x ∣∣(+c)) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct term. Award A1A0 for a correct answer
without modulus signs. Condone the absence of +c.
[3 marks]
1200
Consider P , the population of a colony of ants, which has an initial value of 1200.
The rate of change of the population can be modelled by the differential equation
dP P ( k−P )
dt
= 5k
, where t is the time measured in days, t ≥ 0, and k is the upper
bound for the population.
14c. By solving the differential equation, show that P 1200k [8 marks]

= t .
−
( k−1200 ) e 5 +1200
Markscheme
attempt to separate variables and integrate both sides M1
1
5k ∫ P ( k−P )
dP = ∫ 1dt
5(ln P − ln(k − P ))= t + c A1
Note: There are variations on this which should be accepted, such as
1
k
(ln P − ln(k − P ))= 51k t + c. Subsequent marks for these variations should
be awarded as appropriate.
EITHER
attempt to substitute t = 0, P = 1200 into an equation involving c M1
1200
c = 5(ln 1200 − ln(k − 1200))(= 5 ln( k−1200 )) A1
5(ln P − ln(k − P ))= t + 5(ln 1200 − ln(k − 1200)) A1
ln( P1200k ( k−P ) )=
( −1200 ) t
5
P ( k−1200 ) t
1200 ( k−P )
= e 5 A1
OR
ln( k−PP )= t+c

5
t
P
k−P
= Ae 5 A1
attempt to substitute t = 0, P = 1200 M1
1200
k−1200
= A A1
t
P 1200e 5
k−P
= k−1200
A1
THEN
attempt to rearrange and isolate P M1
t t t t
P k − 1200P = 1200ke 5 − 1200P e 5 OR P ke- 5 − 1200P e− 5 =1200k − 1200P
−1200
OR k − 1 = k t
P
1200e 5
P (k − 1200 + 1200e 5 )= 1200ke 5 OR P (ke− 5 − 1200e− 5 + 1200)= 1200k

t t t t
A1
1200k
P= t AG
−
( k−1200 ) e 5 +1200
[8 marks]
At t = 10 the population of the colony has doubled in size from its initial value.
14d. Find the value of k, giving your answer correct to four significant [3 marks]
figures.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute t = 10, P = 2400 (M1)
1200k
2400 = ( k−1200 ) e−2+1200
(A1)
k = 2845. 34 …
k = 2845 A1
Note: Award (M1)(A1)A0 for any other value of k which rounds to 2850
[3 marks]
14e. Find the value of t when the rate of change of the population is at its [3 marks]
maximum.
Markscheme
attempt to find the maximum of the first derivative graph OR zero of the
second derivative graph OR that P = k2 (= 1422. 67 …) (M1)
t = 1. 57814 …
= 1. 58 (days) A2
Note: Accept any value which rounds to 1. 6.
[3 marks]


BOYS
IB Math Mid-term (long)3 [285
marks]
1
The function f has a derivative given by f'(x)= x ( k−x )
, x ∈ R, x ≠ o, x ≠ k
where k is a positive constant.
1a. The expression forf'(x) can be written in the form a + b

, where [3 marks]
x k−x
a, b ∈ R. Find a and b in terms of k.
Markscheme
1 b
x ( k−x )
≡ a
x
+ k−x
a(k − x)+bx = 1 (A1)

attempt to compare coefficients OR substitute x = k and x = 0 and solve
(M1)
1 1
a= k
and b= k
A1
1 1
f'(x) = kx
+ k ( k−x )
[3 marks]
1b. Hence, find an expression for f(x). [3 marks]

Markscheme
b
attempt to integrate their ax + k−x
(M1)
f(x) 1k ∫( 1x + 1
k−x
)d x
= 1k (ln|x|− ln|k − x|)(+c)(= 1k ln∣∣ k−x x ∣∣(+c)) A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each correct term. Award A1A0 for a correct answer
without modulus signs. Condone the absence of +c.
[3 marks]
1200
Consider P , the population of a colony of ants, which has an initial value of 1200.
The rate of change of the population can be modelled by the differential equation
dP P ( k−P )
dt
= 5k
, where t is the time measured in days, t ≥ 0, and k is the upper
bound for the population.
1c. By solving the differential equation, show that P 1200k [8 marks]

= t .
−
( k−1200 ) e 5 +1200
Markscheme
attempt to separate variables and integrate both sides M1
1
5k ∫ P ( k−P )
dP = ∫ 1dt
5(ln P − ln(k − P ))= t + c A1
Note: There are variations on this which should be accepted, such as
1
k
(ln P − ln(k − P ))= 51k t + c. Subsequent marks for these variations should
be awarded as appropriate.
EITHER
attempt to substitute t = 0, P = 1200 into an equation involving c M1
1200
c = 5(ln 1200 − ln(k − 1200))(= 5 ln( k−1200 )) A1
5(ln P − ln(k − P ))= t + 5(ln 1200 − ln(k − 1200)) A1
ln( P1200k ( k−P ) )=
( −1200 ) t
5
P ( k−1200 ) t
1200 ( k−P )
= e 5 A1
OR
ln( k−PP )= t+c

5
t
P
k−P
= Ae 5 A1
attempt to substitute t = 0, P = 1200 M1
1200
k−1200
= A A1
t
P 1200e 5
k−P
= k−1200
A1
THEN
attempt to rearrange and isolate P M1
t t t t
P k − 1200P = 1200ke 5 − 1200P e 5 OR P ke- 5 − 1200P e− 5 =1200k − 1200P
−1200
OR k − 1 = k t
P
1200e 5
P (k − 1200 + 1200e 5 )= 1200ke 5 OR P (ke− 5 − 1200e− 5 + 1200)= 1200k

t t t t
A1
1200k
P= t AG
−
( k−1200 ) e 5 +1200
[8 marks]
At t = 10 the population of the colony has doubled in size from its initial value.
1d. Find the value of k, giving your answer correct to four significant figures. [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to substitute t = 10, P = 2400 (M1)
1200k
2400 = ( k−1200 ) e−2+1200
(A1)
k = 2845. 34 …
k = 2845 A1
Note: Award (M1)(A1)A0 for any other value of k which rounds to 2850
[3 marks]
1e. Find the value of t when the rate of change of the population is at its [3 marks]
maximum.
Markscheme
attempt to find the maximum of the first derivative graph OR zero of the
second derivative graph OR that P = k2 (= 1422. 67 …) (M1)
t = 1. 57814 …
= 1. 58 (days) A2
Note: Accept any value which rounds to 1. 6.
[3 marks]
x
x
A function f is defined by f(x)= ke 2 , where x ∈ R, x ≥ 0 and k ∈ R+ .

1+ex
The region enclosed by the graph of y = f(x), the x-axis, the y-axis and the line
x = ln 16 is rotated 360° about the x-axis to form a solid of revolution.
2a. Show that the volume of the solid formed is 15k2π cubic units. [6 marks]
34
Markscheme
b
∫
attempt to use V = π a (f(x))2 d x (M1)
ln16 ln16
∫ x 2 ∫
V =π 0 ( ke 2
1+ex
) d x(V = k2 π 0 ex
d x)
( 1+ex ) 2
EITHER
applying integration by recognition (M1)
ln16
= k2 π[− 1
]
1+ex 0
A3
OR
u = 1 + ex ⇒ d u = ex d x (A1)
u (M1)
attempt to express the integral in terms of
when x = 0, u = 2 and when x = ln 16, u = 17
17
∫
1
V = k2 π 2 u2
d u (A1)
1 17
= k2 π[− ] A1
u 2
OR
u = ex ⇒ d u = ex d x (A1)
u (M1)
attempt to express the integral in terms of
when x = 0, u = 1 and when x = ln 16, u = 16
16
∫
1
V = k2 π 1 d u (A1)
( 1+u ) 2
16
= k2 π[− 1+1 u ] A1
1
Note: Accept equivalent working with indefinite integrals and original limits
for x.
THEN
= k2 π( 12 − 1
17
) A1
15k2π
so the volume of the solid formed is 34
cubic units AG
Note: Award (M1)(A0)(M0)(A0)(A0)(A1) when 15

34
is obtained from GDC
[6 marks]
Pedro wants to make a small bowl with a volume of 300 cm 3 based on the result
from part (a). Pedro’s design is shown in the following diagrams.
The vertical height of the bowl, BO, is measured along the x-axis. The radius of
the bowl’s top is OA and the radius of the bowl’s base is BC . All lengths are
measured in cm .
2b. Find the value of k that satisfies the requirements of Pedro’s design. [2 marks]
Markscheme
a valid algebraic or graphical attempt to find k (M1)
300×34
k2 = 15π
k = 14. 7(= 2√ 170

π
= √ 680
π
) (as k ∈ R+ ) A1
Note: Candidates may use their GDC numerical solve feature.

[2 marks]
OA
2c. Find OA. [2 marks]
Markscheme
k
attempting to find OA = f(0)= 2
with k = 14. 712 … (= 2√ 170

π
= √ 680
π
) (M1)
OA = 7. 36(= √ 170
π
) A1
[2 marks]
2d. Find BC. [2 marks]

Markscheme
4k
attempting to find BC = f(ln 16)= 17
with k = 14. 712 … (= 2√ 170

π
= √ 680
π
) (M1)
8 √ 170
) A1
8√10
BC = 3. 46(= 17 π
=
√17π
[2 marks]
For design purposes, Pedro investigates how the cross-sectional radius of the bowl
changes.
2e. By sketching the graph of a suitable derivative of f , find where the cross-[4 marks]
sectional radius of the bowl is decreasing most rapidly.
Markscheme
EITHER
recognising to graph y = f'(x) (M1)
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use quotient rule or product rule
x
ke 2 ( 1−ex )
differentiation. f'(x)=
2 ( 1+ex ) 2
forx > 0 graph decreasing to the local minimum A1
before increasing towards the x-axis A1
OR
recognising to graph y = f ''(x) (M1)
Note: Award M1 for attempting to use quotient rule or product rule
x
ke 2 ( e2x−6ex+1 )
differentiation. f ''(x)=
4 ( 1+ex ) 3
forx > 0, graph increasing towards and beyond the x-intercept A1

recognising f ''(x)= 0 for maximum rate (A1)
THEN
x = 1. 76(= ln(2√2 + 3)) A1

Note: Only award A marks if either graph is seen.
[4 marks]
2f. State the cross-sectional radius of the bowl at this point. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempting to find f(1. 76 …) (M1)
the cross-sectional radius at this point is 5. 20(√ 85

π
) (cm) A1
[2 marks]
( )
), x ∈ R.
2
A function f is defined by f(x)= arcsin( xx2−1
+1
3a. Show that f is an even function. [1 mark]
Markscheme
EITHER
)= arcsin( xx2−1
( −x ) 2−1
)= f(x) R1
2
f(−x)= arcsin(
( −x ) 2+1 +1
OR
a sketch graph of y = f(x) with line symmetry in the y-axis indicated R1
THEN
so f(x) is an even function. AG
[1 mark]
3b. By considering limits, show that the graph of y = f(x) has a horizontal [2 marks]
asymptote and state its equation.
Markscheme
π
as x → ±∞, f(x)→ arcsin 1(→ 2 ) A1
so the horizontal asymptote is y = π2 A1
[2 marks]
2
R
2x
3c. Show that f'(x)= for x ∈ R, x ≠ 0. [6 marks]
√ x2 ( x2+1 )
Markscheme
attempting to use the quotient rule to find dd ( 2 ) M1
x2−1
x x +1
d ( x −1 )= 2x ( x +1 ) −2x ( x −1 ) (= ) A1
2 2 2
4x
d x x2+1 ( x2+1 ) 2 ( x2+1 ) 2
attempting to use the chain rule to find dd (arcsin( 2 )) M1

x2−1
x x +1
x2−1 dy 1
let u= x2+1
and so y = arcsin u and du
=
√ 1−u2
1 4x
f'(x)= × M1
2 ( x2+1 ) 2
√1− (
x 2−1
)
x 2+1
4x 1
= × ( x2+1 )
A1
√ ( x2+1 ) − ( x2−1 )
2 2
4x 1
= × ( x2+1 )
A1
√4x2
2x
= AG
√ x2 ( x2+1 )
[6 marks]
3d. By using the expression for f'(x) and the result √x2 =|x|, show that f [3 marks]
is decreasing for x < 0.
Markscheme
2x
f'(x)= | x | ( x2+1 )
EITHER
for x < 0, |x|= −x (A1)
so f'(x)= − x22+1
x A1
OR
|x|> 0 and x2 + 1 > 0 A1
2x < 0, x < 0 A1
THEN
f'(x)< 0 R1
Note: Award R1 for stating that in f'(x), the numerator is negative, and the
denominator is positive.
so f is decreasing for x < 0 AG
Note: Do not accept a graphical solution

[3 marks]
( )
), x ∈ R, x ≥ 0.
2
A function g is defined by g(x)= arcsin( xx2−1
+1
3e. Find an expression for g −1 (x), justifying your answer. [5 marks]

Markscheme
x = arcsin( y2+1 ) M1
y2−1
y2−1
sin x = y2+1
⇒ y 2 sin x + sin x = y 2 − 1 A1
1+sin x
y2 = 1−sin x
A1
domain of g is x ∈ R, x ≥ 0 and so the range of g −1 must be y ∈ R, y ≥ 0

hence the positive root is taken (or the negative root is rejected) R1
Note: The R1 is dependent on the above A1 .
so (g −1 (x)=)√ 1+sin x
1−sin x
A1
Note: The final A1 is not dependent on R1 mark.

[5 marks]
3f. State the domain of g −1 . [1 mark]
Markscheme
domain is − π2 ≤ x < π
2 A1
Note: Accept correct alternative notations, for example, ⌊− π2 , π2 ⌊ or ⌊− π2 , π2 )

.
Accept [−1. 57, 1. 57[ if correct to 3 s.f.
[1 mark]
−1
3g. Sketch the graph of y = g −1 (x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with [3 marks]
their equations and stating the values of any axes intercepts.
Markscheme
A1A1A1
Note: A1 for correct domain and correct range and y-intercept at y=1
A1 for asymptotic behaviour x → π2
A1 for x = π2
Coordinates are not required.
Do not accept x = 1. 57 or other inexact values.
[3 marks]
This question asks you to explore the behaviour and key features of
cubic polynomials of the form x3 − 3cx + d.
Consider the function f(x)= x3 − 3cx + 2 for x ∈ R and where c is a parameter,
c ∈ R.
The graphs of y = f(x) for c = −1 and c = 0 are shown in the following
diagrams.
c = −1 c = 0
On separate axes, sketch the graph of y = f(x) showing the value of the y-
intercept and the coordinates of any points with zero gradient, for
4a. c = 1. [3 marks]
Markscheme
c = 1: positive cubic with correct y-intercept labelled A1

local maximum point correctly labelled A1
local minimum point correctly labelled A1
[3 marks]
=2
4b. c = 2. [3 marks]
Markscheme
c = 2: positive cubic with correct y-intercept labelled A1

local maximum point correctly labelled A1
local minimum point correctly labelled A1
Note: Accept the following exact answers:
Local maximum point coordinates (−√2, 2 + 4√2).
Local minimum point coordinates (√2, 2 − 4√2).
[3 marks]
4c. Write down an expression for f'(x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
f'(x) = 3x2 − 3c A1
Note: Accept 3x2 − 3c (an expression).
[1 mark]
= ( )
Hence, or otherwise, find the set of values of c such that the graph of y = f(x)
has
4d. a point of inflexion with zero gradient. [1 mark]
Markscheme
c = 0 A1
[1 mark]
4e. one local maximum point and one local minimum point. [2 marks]
Markscheme
considers the number of solutions to their f'(x) = 0 (M1)
3x2 − 3c = 0
c > 0 A1
[2 marks]
4f. no points where the gradient is equal to zero. [1 mark]
Markscheme
c < 0 A1
Note: The (M1) in part (c)(ii) can be awarded for work shown in either (ii) or
(iii).
[1 mark]
Given that the graph of y = f(x) has one local maximum point and one local
minimum point, show that
3
4g. the y-coordinate of the local maximum point is 2c 2 + 2. [3 marks]
Markscheme
attempts to solve their f'(x) = 0 for x (M1)
x ± √c (A1)
Note: Award (A1) if either x = − √ c or x = √ c is subsequently considered.
Award the above (M1)(A1) if this work is seen in part (c).
correctly evaluates f(−√c) A1
3 3
f(−√c)= −c 2 + 3c 2 + 2(= −c√c + 3c√c + 2)
3
the y-coordinate of the local maximum point is 2c 2 + 2 AG
[3 marks]
3
4h. the y-coordinate of the local minimum point is −2c 2 + 2. [1 mark]
Markscheme
correctly evaluates f(√c) A1
3 3
f(√c)= c 2 − 3c 2 + 2(= c√c − 3c√c + 2)
3
the y-coordinate of the local minimum point is −2c 2 + 2 AG
[1 mark]
>0 = ( )
Hence, for c > 0, find the set of values of c such that the graph of y = f(x) has
4i. exactly one x-axis intercept. [2 marks]
Markscheme
the graph of y = f(x) will have one x-axis intercept if
EITHER
3
−2c 2 + 2 > 0 (or equivalent reasoning) R1
OR
the minimum point is above the x-axis R1
Note: Award R1 for a rigorous approach that does not (only) refer to sketched
graphs.
THEN
0 < c < 1 A1
Note: Condone c < 1. The A1 is independent of the R1.
[2 marks]
4j. exactly two x-axis intercepts. [2 marks]
Markscheme
the graph of y = f(x) will have two x-axis intercepts if
EITHER
3
−2c 2 + 2 = 0 (or equivalent reasoning) (M1)
OR
evidence from the graph in part(a)(i) (M1)
THEN
c = 1 A1
[2 marks]
4k. exactly three x-axis intercepts. [2 marks]

Markscheme
the graph of y = f(x) will have three x-axis intercepts if
EITHER
3
−2c 2 + 2 < 0 (or equivalent reasoning) (M1)
OR
reasoning from the results in both parts (e)(i) and (e)(ii) (M1)
THEN
c > 1 A1
[2 marks]
3 R R
4l. Consider the function g(x) = x3 − 3cx + d for x ∈ R and where c, d ∈ R [6 marks]
.
Find all conditions on c and d such that the graph of y = g(x) has exactly one x-
axis intercept, explaining your reasoning.
Markscheme
case 1:
c ≤ 0 (independent of the value of d) A1
EITHER
g'(x) = 0 does not have two solutions (has no solutions or 1 solution) R1
OR
⇒ g'(x)≥ 0 for x ∈~ R1
OR
= ( )
the graph of y = f(x) has no local maximum or local minimum points, hence
any vertical translation of this graph (y = g(x)) will also have no local
maximum or local minimum points R1
THEN
x-axis intercept AG
therefore there is only one
Note: Award at most A0R1 if only c < 0 is considered.
case 2
c>0
(−√c, 2c 2 + d) is a local maximum point and (√c, −2c 2 + d) is a local
3 3
minimum point (A1)

Note: Award (A1) for a correct y-coordinate seen for either the maximum or
the minimum.
considers the positions of the local maximum point and/or the local minimum
point (M1)
EITHER
considers both points above the x-axis or both points below the x-axis
OR
considers either the local minimum point only above the x-axis OR the local
maximum point only below the x-axis
THEN
3
d > 2c 2 (both points above the x-axis) A1
3
d < −2c 2 (both points above the x-axis) A1
Note: Award at most (A1)(M1)A0A0 for case 2 if c > 0 is not clearly stated.
[6 marks]
This question asks you to explore the behaviour and some key features
of the function fn (x) = xn (a − x)n , where a ∈ R+ and n ∈ Z+ .
In parts (a) and (b), only consider the case where a = 2.
Consider f1 (x) = x(2 − x).
5a. Sketch the graph of y = f1 (x), stating the values of any axes intercepts [3 marks]
and the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum points.
Markscheme
inverted parabola extended below the x-axis A1

x-axis intercept values x = 0, 2 A1
Note: Accept a graph passing through the origin as an indication of x = 0.
local maximum at (1, 1) A1
Note: Coordinates must be stated to gain the final A1 .

Do not accept decimal approximations.
[3 marks]
( )= (2 − )n ∈ Z+ , >1
Consider fn (x)= xn (2 − x)n , where n ∈ Z+ , n > 1.
5b. Use your graphic display calculator to explore the graph of y = fn (x) for [6 marks]
• the odd values n = 3 and n = 5;
• the even values n = 2 and n = 4.
Hence, copy and complete the following table.
Markscheme
A1A1A1A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for each correct value.

For a table not sufficiently or clearly labelled, assume that their values are in
the same order as the table in the question paper and award marks
accordingly.
[6 marks]
( )= ( − )n ∈ R+ ∈ Z+ , >1
Now consider fn (x)= xn (a − x)n where a ∈ R+ and n ∈ Z+ , n > 1.
5c. Show that f ′ (x)=

n nxn−1 (a − 2x)(a − x)n−1 . [5 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempts to use the product rule (M1)
fn ′ (x)= −nxn (a − x)n−1 + nxn−1 (a − x)n A1A1
Note: Award A1 for a correct u dd vx and A1 for a correct v dd ux .
EITHER
attempts to factorise fn ′ (x) (involving at least one of nxn−1 or (a − x)n−1 )

(M1)
−1
= nxn−1 (a − x)n−1 ((a − x)−x) A1
OR
attempts to express fn ′ (x) as the difference of two products with each
n−1
product containing at least one of nxn−1 or (a − x) (M1)
=(−x)(nxn−1 )(a − x)n−1 +(a − x)(nxn−1 )(a − x)n−1 A1
THEN
fn ′ (x)= nxn−1 (a − 2x)(a − x)n−1 AG
Note: Award the final (M1)A1 for obtaining any of the following forms:
fn ′ (x)= nxn (a − x)n ( xa− ); fn ′ (x)=

x− x nxn ( a−x ) n
( a−x ) x ( a−x )
(a − x − x);
fn ′ (x)= nxn−1 ((a − x)n − x(a − x)n−1 );
fn ′ (x)= (a − x)n−1 (nxn−1 (a − x)n − nxn )

METHOD 2
fn (x)= (x(a − x))n (M1)
n
= (ax − x2 ) A1
attempts to use the chain rule (M1)
n−1
fn ′ (x)= n(a − 2x)(ax − x2 ) A1A1
n−1
Note: Award A1 for n(a − 2x) and A1 for (ax − x2 ) .
fn ′ (x)= nxn−1 (a − 2x)(a − x)n−1 AG

[5 marks]
′
( )= 0
5d. State the three solutions to the equation fn ′ (x)= 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
x = 0, x = a2 , x = a A2
Note: Award A1 for either two correct solutions or for obtaining
x = 0, x = −a, x = − a2
Award A0 otherwise.
[2 marks]
5e. Show that the point ( a , fn ( a )) on the graph of y = fn (x) is always [3 marks]
2 2
above the horizontal axis.
Markscheme
attempts to find an expression for fn ( a2 ) (M1)
n n
fn ( a2 )= ( a2 ) (a − a2 )
n 2
= ( a2 ) ( a2 ) (= ( a2 ) ), (= (( a2 ) ) ) A1
n n 2n
EITHER
2n
since a ∈ R+ , ( a2 ) > 0 (for n ∈ Z+ , n > 1 and so fn ( a2 )> 0) R1
Note: Accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on a and n.

Award R0 if any conditions/statements specified involving a , n or both are
incorrect.
OR
(since a ∈ R+ ),
a raised to an even power (2n) (or equivalent reasoning) is
2
always positive (and so fn ( a2 )> 0) R1
Note: The condition a ∈ R+ is given in the question. Hence some candidates

will assume a ∈ R+ and not state it. In these instances, award R1 for a
convincing argument.
Accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on on a and n.
Award R0 if any conditions/statements specified involving a , n or both are
incorrect.
THEN
so ( a2 , fn ( a2 )) is always above the horizontal axis AG
Note: Do not award (M1)A0R1.

[3 marks]
′
Z+
5f. Hence, or otherwise, show that fn ′ ( a )> 0, for n ∈ Z+ . [2 marks]
4
Markscheme
METHOD 1
(= n( a4 ) ) A1
n−1 n−1 n−1 n−1
fn ′ ( a4 )= n( a4 ) (a − a2 )(a − a4 ) ( a2 )( 34a )
EITHER
n−1 n−1
n( a4 ) ( a2 )( 34a ) > 0 as a ∈ R+ and n ∈ Z+ R1
OR
n−1 n−1
n( a4 ) , (a − a2 ) and (a − a4 ) are all > 0 R1
Note: Do not award A0R1.
Accept equivalent reasoning on correct alternative expressions for fn ′ ( a4 ) and
accept any logically equivalent conditions/statements on a and n.
Exceptions to the above are condone n > 1 and condone n > 0.
2n−1
An alternative form for fn ′ ( a4 ) is (2n)(3)n−1 ( a4 ) .
THEN
hence fn ′ ( a4 )> 0 AG
METHOD 2
fn (0)= 0 and fn ( a2 )> 0 A1
(since fn is continuous and there are no stationary points between x = 0 and
x = a2 )
the gradient (of the curve) must be positive between x = 0 and x = a R1
2
Note: Do not award A0R1.
hence fn ′ ( a4 )> 0 AG
[2 marks]
′
(−1)
By using the result from part (f) and considering the sign of fn ′ (−1), show that
the point (0, 0) on the graph of y = fn (x) is
5g. a local minimum point for even values of n, where n > 1 and a ∈ R+ . [3 marks]
Markscheme
fn ′ (−1)= n(−1)n−1 (a + 2)(a + 1)n−1
for n even:
n(−1)n−1 (= −n)< 0 (and (a + 2), (a + 1)n−1 are both > 0) R1

fn ′ (−1)< 0 A1
fn ′ (0)= 0 and fn ′ ( a4 )> 0 (seen anywhere) A1
n−1
Note: Candidates can give arguments based on the sign of (−1) to obtain
the R mark.
For example, award R1 for the following:
n−1
If n is even, then n − 1 is odd and hence (−1) < 0(= −1).
Do not award R0A1.
The second A1 is independent of the other two marks.
The A marks can be awarded for correct descriptions expressed in words.
Candidates can state (0, 0) as a point of zero gradient from part (d) or show,
state or explain (words or diagram) that fn ′ (0)= 0. The last A mark can be
awarded for a clearly labelled diagram showing changes in the sign of the
gradient.
The last A1 can be awarded for use of a specific case (e.g. n = 2).
hence (0, 0) is a local minimum point AG

[3 marks]
5h. a point of inflexion with zero gradient for odd values of n, where n >1 [2 marks]
and a ∈ R+ .
Markscheme
for n odd:
n(−1)n−1 (= n)< 0, (and (a + 2), (a + 1)n−1 are both > 0) so fn ′ (−1)> 0
R1
n−1
Note: Candidates can give arguments based on the sign of (−1) to obtain
the R mark.
For example, award R1 for the following:
n−1
If n is odd, then n − 1 is even and hence (−1) > 0(= 1).
fn ′ (0)= 0 and fn ′ ( a4 )> 0 (seen anywhere) A1
Note: The A1 is independent of the R1.

Candidates can state (0, 0) as a point of zero gradient from part (d) or show,
state or explain (words or diagram) that fn ′ (0)= 0. The last A mark can be
awarded for a clearly labelled diagram showing changes in the sign of the
gradient.
The last A1 can be awarded for use of a specific case (e.g. n = 3).
hence (0, 0) is a point of inflexion with zero gradient AG
[2 marks]
= ( − )n − ∈ Z+ ∈ R+
5i. Consider the graph of y = xn (a − x)n − k, where n ∈ Z+ , a ∈ R+ and [5 marks]
k ∈ R.
State the conditions on n and k such that the equation xn (a − x)n = k has four
solutions for x.
Markscheme
considers the parity of n (M1)
Note: Award M1 for stating at least one specific even value of n.
n must be even (for four solutions) A1
Note: The above 2 marks are independent of the 3 marks below.

2n
0 < k < ( a2 ) A1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for the correct lower endpoint, A1 for the correct upper
endpoint and A1 for strict inequality signs.
The third A1 (strict inequality signs) can only be awarded if A1A1 has been
awarded.
2n
For example, award A1A1A0 for 0 ≤ k ≤ ( a2 ) . Award A1A0A0 for k > 0.
Award A1A0A0 for 0 < k < fn ( a2 ).
[5 marks]
k
The following diagram shows part of the graph of f(x)= x
, for x > 0, k > 0.
Let P(p, kp ) be any point on the graph of f . Line L1 is the tangent to the graph of
f at P.
6a. Find f'(p) in terms of k and p. [2 marks]
Markscheme
f'(x)= −kx−2 (A1)
f'(p)= −kp−2 (= − pk2 ) A1 N2
[2 marks]
2
6b. Show that the equation of L1 is kx + p2 y − 2pk = 0. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to use point and gradient to find equation of L 1 M1
eg y− k
p
= −kp−2 (x − p), k
p
= − pk2 (p)+b
correct working leading to answer A1
2k
eg p2 y − kp = −kx + kp, y − k
p
= − pk2 x + kp , y = − pk2 x + p
kx + p2 y − 2pk = 0 AG N0
[2 marks]
A(2 , 0)
Line L1 intersects the x-axis at point A(2p, 0) and the y-axis at point B.
6c. Find the area of triangle AOB in terms of k. [5 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 – area of a triangle
recognizing x = 0 at B (M1)
correct working to find y-coordinate of null (A1)
eg p2 y − 2pk = 0
2k
y-coordinate of null at y = p
(may be seen in area formula) A1
correct substitution to find area of triangle (A1)
2 (2p)( p ), p ×( 2pk )
1 2k
eg
area of triangle AOB = 2k A1 N3
METHOD 2 – integration
recognizing to integrate L1 between 0 and 2p (M1)
2p 2p
eg ∫0 L1 d x , ∫0 − k2 x + 2pk
p
correct integration of both terms A1
2p
, − 2pk 2 x2 + 2pk x + c , [− 2pk 2 x2 + 2pk x]
2
eg − kx2 + 2kx
2p p 0
substituting limits into their integrated function and subtracting (in either
order) (M1)
2
k ( 2p ) 2k ( 2p ) 4kp2 4kp
eg − 2p2
+ p
−(0), − 2p2
+ p
eg −2k + 4k
area of triangle AOB = 2k A1 N3
[5 marks]
6d. 4 [6 marks]
The graph of f is translated by ( ) to give the graph of g.
3
In the following diagram:
point Q lies on the graph of g
points C, D and E lie on the vertical asymptote of g
points D and F lie on the horizontal asymptote of g
point G lies on the x-axis such that FG is parallel to DC.
Q E F
Line L2 is the tangent to the graph of g at Q, and passes through E and F.
Given that triangle EDF and rectangle CDFG have equal areas, find the gradient
of L 2 in terms of p.
Markscheme
Note: In this question, the second M mark may be awarded independently of
the other marks, so it is possible to award (M0)(A0)M1(A0)(A0)A0 .
recognizing use of transformation (M1)

k
eg area of triangle AOB = area of triangle DEF, g(x)= −4
+ 3, gradient of
x
L2 = gradient of L1 , D(4, 3), 2p+4, one correct shift
eg area of triangle
2k
DEF = 2k, CD = 3, DF = 2p, CG = 2p, E(4, p
+ 3), F(2p + 4, 3), Q(p +
gradient of L 2 = − pk2 , g'(x)= − k

, area of rectangle CDFG = 2k
( x−4 ) 2
valid approach (M1)
eg ED×DF
2 = CD × DF, 2p ⋅ 3 = 2k , ED = 2CD , ∫42p+4 L2 dx = 4k
3− ( +3 )
2k
−6 9
eg ED = 6, E(4, 9), k = 3p, gradient = , , −
p
2k
( 2p+4 ) −4 ( ) k
3
correct expression for gradient (in terms of p) (A1)
3− ( +3 )
2 ( 3p )
−6 3p
eg 2p
, 4− (9−3
2p+4 )
, − p2
, p
( 2p+4 ) −4
, − 9
3p
gradient of L 2 is − 3p (= −3p−1 ) A1 N3
[6 marks]
3 2 R R
Consider the function f(x)= ax3 + bx2 + cx + d , where x ∈ R and a, b, c, d ∈ R.
7a. Write down an expression for f'(x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
f'(x)= 3ax2 + 2bx + c A1
[1 mark]
7b. Hence, given that f −1 does not exist, show that b 2 − 3ac > 0. [3 marks]
Markscheme
since f −1 does not exist, there must be two turning points R1
(⇒ f'(x)= 0 has more than one solution)
using the discriminant Δ > 0 M1
4b2 − 12ac > 0 A1
b2 − 3ac > 0 AG
[4 marks]
Consider the function g(x)= 12 x3 − 3x2 + 6x − 8, where x ∈ R.
7c. Show that g −1 exists. [2 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
b2 − 3ac = (−3)2 − 3 × 1
2 ×6 M1
= 9−9
=0 A1
hence g −1 exists AG
METHOD 2
g'(x)= 32 x2 − 6x + 6 M1
Δ = (−6)2 − 4 × 3
2 ×6
Δ = 36 − 36 = 0 ⇒ there is (only) one point with gradient of 0 and this must
be a point of inflexion (since g(x) is a cubic.) R1
hence g −1 exists AG
[2 marks]
7d. 3 [3 marks]
g(x) can be written in the form p(x − 2) + q , where p, q ∈ R.
Find the value of p and the value of q.
Markscheme
1
p= 2 A1
(x − 2)3 = x3 − 6x2 + 12x − 8 (M1)

1
2 (x
3 − 6x2 + 12x − 8)= 12 x3 − 3x2 + 6x − 4
g(x)= 12 (x − 2)3 − 4 ⇒ q = −4 A1
[3 marks]
7e. Hence find g −1 (x). [3 marks]

Markscheme
x = 12 (y − 2)3 − 4 (M1)
Note: Interchanging x and y can be done at any stage.
2(x + 4)= (y − 2)3 (M1)

√2(x
3
+ 4) = y − 2
y = √2(x
3
+ 4) + 2
g −1 (x)= √2(x
3
+ 4) + 2 A1
Note: g −1 (x)= … must be seen for the final A mark.
[3 marks]
The graph of y = g(x) may be obtained by transforming the graph of y = x3 using

a sequence of three transformations.
7f. State each of the transformations in the order in which they are applied. [3 marks]
Markscheme
2
translation through ( ), A1
0
Note: This can be seen anywhere.
EITHER
a stretch scale factor 12 parallel to the y-axis then a translation through
0
( ) A2
−4
OR
0
a translation through ( ) then a stretch scale factor 1
2 parallel to the y-
−8
axis A2
Note: Accept ‘shift’ for translation, but do not accept ‘move’. Accept ‘scaling’
for ‘stretch’.
[3 marks]
−1
7g. Sketch the graphs of y = g(x) and y = g −1 (x) on the same set of axes, [5 marks]
indicating the points where each graph crosses the coordinate axes.
Markscheme
A1A1A1M1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct ‘shape’ of g (allow non-stationary point of

inflexion)
Award A1 for each correct intercept of g
Award M1 for attempt to reflect their graph in y = x, A1 for completely
correct g −1 including intercepts
[5 marks]
−5
Consider the function defined by f(x)= kx− , where x ∈ R \ {k} and k2 ≠ 5.
x k
8a. State the equation of the vertical asymptote on the graph of y = f(x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
x=k A1
[1 mark]
8b. State the equation of the horizontal asymptote on the graph of y = f(x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
y=k A1
[1 mark]
8c. Use an algebraic method to determine whether f is a self-inverse [4 marks]
function.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
k( ) −5
kx −5
x−k
(f ∘ f)(x)= M1
( ) −k
kx −5
x−k
k ( kx−5 ) −5 ( x−k )
= kx−5−k ( x−k )
A1
k2x−5k−5x+5k
= kx−5−kx+k2
k2x−5x
= k2−5
A1
x ( k2−5 )
= k2−5
=x
(f ∘ f)(x)= x , (hence f is self-inverse) R1
Note: The statement f(f(x)) = x could be seen anywhere in the candidate’s

working to award R1.
METHOD 2
kx−5
f(x)= x− k
ky−5
x= y−k
M1
Note: Interchanging x and y can be done at any stage.
x(y − k)= ky − 5 A1
xy − xk = ky − 5
xy − ky = xk − 5
y(x − k)= kx − 5 A1
kx−5
y = f −1 (x)= x− k
(hence f is self-inverse) R1
[4 marks]
=3
Consider the case where k = 3.
8d. Sketch the graph of y = f(x), stating clearly the equations of any [3 marks]
asymptotes and the coordinates of any points of intersections with the coordinate
axes.
Markscheme
attempt to draw both branches of a rectangular hyperbola M1

x = 3 and y = 3 A1
5
(0, 3
) and ( 53 , 0) A1
[3 marks]
= ( )
8e. The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = f(x), and the lines [6 marks]
x = 5 and x = 7 is rotated through 2π about the x-axis. Find the volume of the
solid generated, giving your answer in the form π(a + b ln 2) , where a, b ∈ Z.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
7 3x−5 2
volume = π ∫5 ( x−3 ) dx (M1)
EITHER
3x−5 q
attempt to express
x−3
in the form p+ x −3
M1
3x−5 4
x−3
= 3+ x−3
A1
OR
2
attempt to expand ( 3xx−3
−5
) or (3x − 5)2 and divide out M1
2
2
( 3xx−3
−5
) = 9+ 24x−56
A1
( x−3 ) 2
THEN
2
( 3xx−3
−5
) = 9+ 24
x−3
+ 16
A1
( x−3 ) 2
7
∫
volume = π 5 (9 + 24
x−3
+ 16
) dx
( x−3 ) 2
7
= π[9x + 24 ln (x − 3)− x16
−3
] A1
5
= π⌊(63 + 24 ln 4 − 4)−(45 + 24 ln 2 − 8)⌋
= π(22 + 24 ln 2) A1
METHOD 2
7 3x−5 2
volume = π ∫5 ( x−3 ) dx (M1)
substituting u= x−3 ⇒ du =1 A1
dx
3x − 5 = 3(u + 3)−5 = 3u + 4
2
volume = π ∫2 ( 3uu+4 ) du
4
M1
4 16 24
= π ∫2 9 + u2
+ u
du A1
16 4
= π[9u − u
+ 24 ln u]2 A1
Note: Ignore absence of or incorrect limits seen up to this point.
= π(22 + 24 ln 2) A1
[6 marks]
( )= x + , , ∈ R, > 1 A (0, )
Let g (x) = px + q, for x,p,q ∈ R,p > 1. The point A (0,a) lies on the graph of g.
Let f (x) = g −1 (x). The point B lies on the graph of f and is the reflection of
point A in the line y = x.
9a. Write down the coordinates of B. [2 marks]
Markscheme
B (a, 0) (accept B (q + 1, 0)) A2 N2
[2 marks]
B
The line L1 is tangent to the graph of f at B.
1
9b. Given that f ′ (a) = ln p
, find the equation of L1 in terms of x, p and q. [5 marks]
Markscheme
Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may work with the equation of the line
before finding a .
FINDING a
valid attempt to find an expression for a in terms of q (M1)
g (0) = a, p0 + q = a
a = q+1 (A1)
FINDING THE EQUATION OF L1

EITHER
attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates into equation of
straight line (M1)
eg y − 0 = f ′ (a) (x − a) , y = f ′ (a) (x − (q + 1))
correct equation in terms of a and p (A1)
1
eg y−0= ln(p)
(x − a)
OR
attempt to substitute tangent gradient and coordinates to find b
1
eg 0= ln(p)
(a) +b
−a
b= ln(p)
(A1)
THEN (must be in terms of both p and q)

1 1
y= ln p
(x − q − 1) , y = ln p
x − q+1
ln p
A1 N3
1
Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 = ln p
(x − q − 1)
[5 marks]
9c. The lineL2 is tangent to the graph of g at A and has equation [7 marks]
y = (ln p) x + q + 1.
The line L2 passes through the point (−2, − 2).
1
1
The gradient of the normal to g at A is .
ln( 13 )
Find the equation of L1 in terms of x.

Markscheme
Note: There are many approaches to this part, and the steps may be done in
any order. Please check working and award marks in line with the
markscheme, noting that candidates may find q in terms of p before finding a
value for p.
FINDING p
valid approach to find the gradient of the tangent (M1)
1
eg m1 m2 = −1, − 1 , − ln ( 13 ) , − 1
= 1
ln( 1/3 )
ln p ln( 1/3 )
correct application of log rule (seen anywhere) (A1)

−1
eg ln( 13 ) , − (ln (1) − ln (3))
correct equation (seen anywhere) A1
eg ln p = ln 3, p = 3
FINDING q
correct substitution of (−2, − 2) into L2 equation (A1)
eg −2 = (ln p) (−2) + q + 1
q = 2 ln p − 3, q = 2 ln 3 − 3 (seen anywhere) A1
FINDING L1
correct substitution of their p and q into their L1 (A1)
1
eg y= ln 3
(x − (2 ln 3 − 3) − 1)
1 1
y= ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2) , y = ln 3
x − 2 lnln3−2
3
A1 N2
1
Note: Award A0 for final answers in the form L 1 = ln 3
(x − 2 ln 3 + 2).
[7 marks]
( ) = ln | | ∈ R {0}
Consider the functions f and g defined by f (x) = ln |x| , x ∈ R \ {0}, and
g (x) = ln |x + k|, x ∈ R \ {−k}, where k ∈ R, k > 2.
10a. Describe the transformation by which f (x) is transformed to g (x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
translation k units to the left (or equivalent) A1
[1 mark]
10b. State the range of g . [1 mark]
Markscheme
range is (g (x) ∈) R A1
[1 mark]
= ( ) = ( )
10c. Sketch the graphs of y = f (x) and y = g (x) on the same axes, clearly [6 marks]
stating the points of intersection with any axes.
Markscheme
correct shape of y = f (x) A1

their f (x) translated k units to left (possibly shown by x = −k marked on x-
axis) A1
asymptote included and marked as x = −k A1
f (x) intersects x-axis at x = −1, x = 1 A1
g (x) intersects x-axis at x = −k − 1, x = −k + 1 A1
g (x) intersects y-axis at y = ln k A1
Note: Do not penalise candidates if their graphs “cross” as x → ±∞.
Note: Do not award FT marks from the candidate’s part (a) to part (c).
[6 marks]
The graphs of f and g intersect at the point P .
10d. Find the coordinates of P. [2 marks]
Markscheme
ln (x + k) = ln (−x)
at P
attempt to solve x + k = −x (or equivalent) (M1)
x = − k2 ⇒ y = ln ( k2 ) (or y = ln ∣∣ k2 ∣∣) A1
P(− k2 , ln k2 ) (or P (− k2 , ln ∣∣ k2 ∣∣))

[2 marks]
Consider the function f (x) = x3 − 5x2 + 6x − 3 + 1x , x > 0
11a. Find the value of f (x) when x = 1 . [2 marks]

2
Markscheme
3 2
f ( 12 ) = ( 12 ) − 5( 12 ) + 6 ( 12 ) − 3 1
(M1)
( 12 )
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into given function.

7
8
(0.875) (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
The function f (x) = x3 − 5x2 + 6x − 3 + 1x , x > 0, models the path of a river, as

shown on the following map, where both axes represent distance and are
measured in kilometres. On the same map, the location of a highway is defined by
−x
the function g (x) = 0.5(3) + 1.
The origin, O(0, 0) , is the location of the centre of a town called Orangeton.
A straight footpath, P , is built to connect the centre of Orangeton to the river at
the point where x = 12 .
11b. Find the function, P (x) , that would define this footpath on the map. [3 marks]
Markscheme
0− 78
(M1)
0− 12
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into gradient formula. Accept
equivalent forms such as 78 = 12 m .
7
4
(1.75) (A1)(ft)
P (x) = 74 x (1.75x) (A1)(ft)(G3)

[3 marks]
11c. State the domain of P . [2 marks]
Markscheme
0 < x < 12 (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for both endpoints correct, (A1) for correct mathematical
notation indicating an interval with two endpoints. Accept weak inequalities.
Award at most (A1)(A0) for incorrect notation such as 0 − 0.5 or a written
description of the domain with correct endpoints. Award at most (A1)(A0)
for 0 < y < 12 .
[2 marks]
Bridges are located where the highway crosses the river.
11d. Find the coordinates of the bridges relative to the centre of Orangeton. [4 marks]
Markscheme
(0.360, 1.34) ((0.359947…, 1.33669)) (A1)(A1)
(3.63, 1.01) ((3.63066…, 1.00926…)) (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1)(A1) for each correct coordinate pair. Accept correct
answers in the form of x = 0.360, y = 1.34 etc. Award at most (A0)(A1)(A1)
(A1)ft if one or both parentheses are omitted.
[4 marks]
A straight road is built from the centre of Orangeton, due north, to connect the
town to the highway.
11e. Find the distance from the centre of Orangeton to the point at which the[2 marks]
road meets the highway.
Markscheme
g (0) = 0.5(3)0 + 1 (M1)
1.5 (km) (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
11f. This straight road crosses the highway and then carries on due north. [2 marks]
State whether the straight road will ever cross the river. Justify your answer.
Markscheme
domain given as x > 0 (but equation of road is x = 0) (R1)
OR
(equation of road is x = 0) the function of the river is asymptotic to x = 0
(R1)
so it does not meet the river (A1)
Note: Award the (R1) for a correct mathematical statement about the
equation of the river (and the equation of the road). Justification must be
based on mathematical reasoning. Do not award (R0)(A1).
[2 marks]
Consider the function f (x) = 13 x3 + 34 x2 − x − 1.
12a. Write down the y-intercept of the graph of y = f (x). [1 mark]
Markscheme
−1 (A1)
Note: Accept (0, −1).
[1 mark]
= ( )
12b. Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −4 ≤ y ≤ 12. [4 marks]
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for correct window and axes labels, −3 to 3 should be
indicated on the x-axis and −4 to 12 on the y-axis.
(A1) ) for smooth curve with correct cubic shape;
(A1) for x-intercepts: one close to −3, the second between −1 and 0,
and third between 1 and 2; and y-intercept at approximately −1;
(A1) for local minimum in the 4th quadrant and maximum in the 2nd
quadrant, in approximately correct positions.
Graph paper does not need to be used. If window not given award at most
(A0)(A1)(A0)(A1).
[4 marks]
= =
The function has one local maximum at x = p and one local minimum at x = q.
12c. Determine the range of f (x) for p ≤ x ≤ q. [3 marks]
Markscheme
61 4
−1.27 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 1.33 (−1.27083 … ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 1.33333 … , − 48
⩽ f (x) ⩽ 3
(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for −1.27 seen, (A1) for 1.33 seen, and (A1) for correct
weak inequalities with their endpoints in the correct order. For example,
award (A0)(A0)(A0) for answers like 5 ⩽ f (x) ⩽ 2. Accept y in place of
f (x). Accept alternative correct notation such as [−1.27, 1.33].
Follow through from their p and q values from part (g) only if their f (p) and
f (q) values are between −4 and 12. Award (A0)(A0)(A0) if their values from
(g) are given as the endpoints.
[3 marks]
Tommaso plans to compete in a regional bicycle race after he graduates, however
he needs to buy a racing bicycle. He finds a bicycle that costs 1100 euro (EUR).
Tommaso has 950 EUR and invests this money in an account that pays 5 %
interest per year, compounded monthly.
13a. Determine the amount that he will have in his account after 3 years. [3 marks]
Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
Markscheme
5 12×3
950 × (1 + 12×100
) (M1)(A1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution in the compound interest formula: (A1) for
correct substitution.
OR
N=3
I% = 5
PV = 950
P/Y = 1
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for other correct entries.
OR
N = 36
I% = 5
PV = 950
P/Y = 12
C/Y = 12 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for C/Y = 12 seen, (M1) for other correct entries.
1103.40 (EUR) (A1)(G3)
Note: Answer must be given to 2 decimal places.
[3 marks]
= 20 + 1100
The cost of the bicycle, C, can be modelled by C = 20x + 1100, where x is the
number of years since Tommaso invested his money.
13b. Find the difference between the cost of the bicycle and the amount of [3 marks]
money in Tommaso’s account after 3 years. Give your answer correct
to two decimal places.
Markscheme
(20 × 3 + 1100) − 1103.40 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into cost of bike function, (M1) for
subtracting their answer to part (a). This subtraction may be implied by their
final answer (follow through from their part (a) for this implied subtraction).
55.60 (EUR) (A1)(ft)(G3)
Note: Follow through from part (a). The answer must be two decimal places.
[3 marks]
13c. After m complete months Tommaso will, for the first time, have [5 marks]
enough money in his account to buy the bicycle.
Find the value of m .
Markscheme
METHOD 1
5 12x
950 × (1 + 12×100
) = 20x + 1100 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in the compound interest
formula with a variable in the exponent; (M1) for comparing their expressions
provided variables are the same (not an expression with x for years and
another with x representing months). Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0)(M1)(A0)
for substitution of an integer in both expressions and comparison of the
results. Accept inequality.
(x =) 4.52157… (years) (A1)(ft)
4.52157… × 12 (= 54.2588…) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying their value for x by 12. This may be
implied.
m = 55 (months) (A1)(ft)(G4)
METHOD 2
5 m
950 × (1 + 12×100
) = 20 × m
12 + 1100 (M1)(M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in the compound interest
formula with a variable in the exponent to solve; (M1) for comparing their
expressions provided variables are the same; (M1) for converting years to
months in these expressions. Award at most (M0)(M1)(A0)(M1)(A0) for
substitution of an integer in both expressions and comparison of the results.
Accept inequality.
m = 54.2588… (months) (A1)(ft)
m = 55 (months) (A1)(ft)(G4)
METHOD 3
(M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for each graph drawn.

(x =) 4.52157… (years) (A1)(ft)
4.52157… × 12 (= 54.2588…) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying their value for x by 12. This may be
implied.
If the graphs drawn are in terms of months, leading to a value of
54.2588…, award (M1)(M1)(M1)(A1) , consistent with METHOD 2.
m = 55 (months) (A1)(ft)(G4)
Note: Follow through for a compound interest formula consistent with their
part (a). The final (A1)(ft) can only be awarded for correct answer, or their
correct answer following through from previous parts and only if value is
rounded up. For example, do not award (M0)(M0)(A0)(M1)(A1) (ft) for an
unsupported “5 years × 12 = 60” or similar.
[5 marks]
The voltage v in a circuit is given by the equation
v (t) = 3 sin (100πt), t ⩾ 0 where t is measured in seconds.
14a. Write down the maximum and minimum value of v. [2 marks]
Markscheme
3, −3 A1A1
[2 marks]
The current i in this circuit is given by the equation

i (t) = 2 sin (100π (t + 0.003)).
14b. Write down two transformations that will transform the graph of [2 marks]
y = v (t) onto the graph of y = i (t).
Markscheme
2
stretch parallel to the y-axis (with x-axis invariant), scale factor 3
A1
−0.003
translation of ( ) (shift to the left by 0.003) A1
0
Note: Can be done in either order.
[2 marks]
( )= ( )× ( )
The power p in this circuit is given by p (t) = v (t) × i (t).
14c. Sketch the graph of y = p (t) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 , showing clearly the [3 marks]
coordinates of the first maximum and the first minimum.
Markscheme
correct shape over correct domain with correct endpoints A1

first maximum at (0.0035, 4.76) A1
first minimum at (0.0085, −1.24) A1
[3 marks]
14d. Find the total time in the interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.02 for which p (t) ≥ 3. [3 marks]
Markscheme
p ≥ 3 between t = 0.0016762 and 0.0053238 and t = 0.011676 and
0.015324 (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1A1 for either interval.
= 0.00730 A1
[3 marks]
The average power pav in this circuit from t = 0 to t = T is given by the equation
1
pav (T ) = T
∫0T p (t) dt, where T > 0.
14e. Find pav (0.007). [2 marks]
Markscheme
1 0.007
pav = 0.007
∫0 6 sin (100πt) sin (100π (t + 0.003)) dt (M1)
= 2.87 A1
[2 marks]
= () ( )
14f. With reference to your graph of y = p (t) explain why pav (T ) > 0 for all [2 marks]
T > 0.
Markscheme
in each cycle the area under the t axis is smaller than area above the t axis
R1
the curve begins with the positive part of the cycle R1
[2 marks]
() ( ) = sin ( ( − )) +
14g. Given that p (t) can be written as p (t) = a sin (b (t − c)) + d where a, [6 marks]
b, c, d > 0, use your graph to find the values of a, b, c and d.
Markscheme
4.76−(−1.24)
a= 2 (M1)
a = 3.00 A1
4.76+(−1.24)
d= 2
d = 1.76 A1
2π
b= 0.01
b = 628 (= 200π) A1
0.01
c = 0.0035 − 4
(M1)
c = 0.00100 A1
[6 marks]
Consider the expression f (x) = tan (x + π4 ) cot ( π4 − x).
15a. Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for − 58π ⩽ x ⩽ π

8
. [2 marks]
Markscheme
A1A1
A1 for correct concavity, many to one graph, symmetrical about the midpoint
of the domain and with two axes intercepts.
Note: Axes intercepts and scales not required.
A1 for correct domain
[2 marks]
15b. With reference to your graph, explain why f is a function on the given [1 mark]
domain.
Markscheme
for each value of x there is a unique value of f (x) A1
Note: Accept “passes the vertical line test” or equivalent.
[1 mark]
15c. Explain why f has no inverse on the given domain. [1 mark]
Markscheme
no inverse because the function fails the horizontal line test or equivalent R1
Note: No FT if the graph is in degrees (one-to-one).
[1 mark]
15d. Explain why f is not a function for − 34π ⩽ x ⩽ π

4
. [1 mark]
Markscheme
3π
the expression is not valid at either of x = π4 (or − 4
) R1
[1 mark]
( ) () = tan
The expression f (x) can be written as g (t) where t = tan x.
15e. 2 [3 marks]
Show that g (t) = ( 1+
1−t
t
) .
Markscheme
METHOD 1
tan(x+ π4 )
f (x) = tan( π4 −x)
M1
tan x +tan π
4
1−tan x tan π
= tan π −tan x
4
M1A1
4
1+tan π tan x
4
2
= ( 1+
1−t
t
) AG
METHOD 2
f (x) = tan (x + π4 ) tan ( π2 − π
4
+ x) (M1)
= tan2 (x + π4 ) A1
2
g (t) = ( ) A1
tan x+tan π4
1−tan x tan π4
2
= ( 1−t ) AG
1+t
[3 marks]
15f. Sketch the graph of y = g (t) for t ≤ 0. Give the coordinates of any [3 marks]
intercepts and the equations of any asymptotes.
Markscheme
for t ≤ 0, correct concavity with two axes intercepts and with asymptote y = 1
A1
t intercept at (−1, 0) A1
y intercept at (0, 1) A1
[3 marks]
( )=
Let α, β be the roots of g (t) = k, where 0 < k < 1.
15g. Find α and β in terms of k. [5 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
(1+t)2
α, β satisfy = k M1
(1−t)2
1 + t2 + 2t = k (1 + t2 − 2t) A1
(k − 1) t2 − 2 (k + 1) t + (k − 1) = 0 A1
attempt at using quadratic formula M1
k+1±2√k
α, β = k−1
or equivalent A1
METHOD 2
1+t
α, β satisfy 1−t
= (±) √k M1
t + √kt = √k − 1 M1
√k−1
t= (or equivalent) A1
√k+1
t − √kt = − (√k + 1) M1
√k+1
t= (or equivalent) A1
√k−1
√k−1 √k+1
so for eg, α= ,β =
√k+1 √k−1
[5 marks]
15h. Show that α + β < −2. [2 marks]

Markscheme
α + β = 2 (kk−1) (= −2 (1−kk) ) A1
( +1) (1+ )
since 1 + k > 1 − k R1
α + β < −2 AG
Note: Accept a valid graphical reasoning.
[2 marks]
Let f(x) = ln x and g(x) = 3 + ln( x2 ), for x > 0.

The graph of g can be obtained from the graph of f by two transformations:
a horizontal stretch of scale factorqfollowed by
a translation of ( ) .
h
k
16a. Write down the value of q; [1 mark]
Markscheme
q = 2 A1 N1
Note: Accept q = 1, h = 0, and k = 3 − ln(2), 2.31 as candidate may have
rewritten g(x) as equal to 3 + ln(x) − ln(2).
[1 mark]
16b. Write down the value of h ; [1 mark]
Markscheme
h = 0 A1 N1
[1 mark]
16c. Write down the value of k. [1 mark]
Markscheme
k = 3 A1 N1
[1 mark]
( ) = ( ) × cos(0.1 ) 0< <4

Let h(x) = g(x) × cos(0.1x), for 0 < x < 4. The following diagram shows the
graph of h and the line y = x.
The graph of h intersects the graph of h −1 at two points. These points have x
coordinates 0.111 and 3.31 correct to three significant figures.
16d. Find 3.31 [2 marks]

∫0.111 (h(x) − x) dx.
Markscheme
2.72409
2.72 A2 N2
[2 marks]
−1
16e. Hence, find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of h and h−1 . [3 marks]
Markscheme
recognizing area between y = x and h equals 2.72 (M1)
eg
recognizing graphs of h and h−1 are reflections of each other in y = x (M1)

eg area between y = x and h equals between y = x and h −1
3.31
2 × 2.72 ∫0.111 (x − h−1 (x)) dx = 2.72
5.44819
5.45 A1 N3
[??? marks]
16f. Letd be the vertical distance from a point on the graph of h to the line [7 marks]
y = x. There is a point P(a, b) on the graph of h where d is a maximum.
Find the coordinates of P, where 0.111 < a < 3.31 .
Markscheme
valid attempt to find d (M1)
eg difference in y-coordinates, d = h(x) − x
correct expression for d (A1)
eg (ln 12 x + 3) (cos 0.1x) − x
valid approach to find when d is a maximum (M1)
eg max on sketch of d, attempt to solve d ′ = 0
0.973679
x = 0.974 A2 N4
substituting their x value into h(x) (M1)
2.26938
y = 2.27 A1 N2
[7 marks]
( )= −2( − 1)( + 3) ∈R
Consider the function f(x)= −2(x − 1)(x + 3), for x ∈ R. The following diagram
shows part of the graph of f .
For the graph of f
17a. find the x-coordinates of the x-intercepts. [2 marks]
Markscheme
setting f(x)= 0 (M1)
x = 1, x = −3 (accept (1, 0),(−3, 0)) A1
[2 marks]
17b. find the coordinates of the vertex. [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
x = −1 A1
substituting their x-coordinate into f (M1)
y=8 A1
(−1, 8)
METHOD 2
attempt to complete the square (M1)
−2((x + 1)2 − 4) (M1)
x = −1, y = 8 A1A1
(−1, 8)
[3 marks]
2
17c. The function f can be written in the form f(x)= −2(x − h)2 + k. [2 marks]
Write down the value of h and the value of k.
Markscheme
h = −1 A1
k=8 A1
[2 marks]


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IB Math Mid-term (short)1 [104

1a. Show that (g ∘ f) (x) = 2x + 11. [2 marks]

correct substitution g ( x+3

Find the value of k, justifying your answer.

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 3.

Points A, P and B lie on the circumference of the circle.

4a. Show that arc APB has length 6π − 3θ. [2 marks]

4b. Show that L = √18 − 18 cos θ. [2 marks]

attempts to solve Δ > 0 for k (M1)

Consider the curves y = x2 sin x and y = −1 − √1 + 4(x + 2)2 for −π ≤ x ≤ 0.

attempts to solve x2 sin x = −1 − √1 + 4(x + 2)2 (M1)

7a. Find the equation of L. [3 marks]

Note: Do not accept L = 3x + 26

8a. Find (f ∘ g)(x). [2 marks]

9a. Find g(0). [1 mark]

9b. Find (f ∘ g)(0). [2 marks]

The graph of y = f(x) has a vertical asymptote and a horizontal asymptote.

10a. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with

axes intercepts clearly shown at x = 12 and y = −1 A1A1

Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 12 , ∞) and

11a. Show that b = 21. [2 marks]

Note: Award final A0 for obtaining x = 0, x = 1, x = 5.

12a. Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote. [1 mark]

rational function shape with two branches in opposite quadrants, with

12d. Hence, solve the inequality 2x−1 [1 mark]

Note: Accept correct alternative correct notation, such as ( 12 , ∞) and

13a. Show that f is an odd function. [2 marks]

f(−x)= −x√1 − (−x)2

= −x√1 − (−x)2 (= −f(x)) A1

attempts to find at least one of f(± 1 ) (M1)

Note: Award M1 for an attempt to evaluate f(x) at least at one of their

Note: Award A1 for − 12 ≤ y ≤ 12 .

Note: Award A1 for correct integration and A1 for correct limits.

Note: Award M0A0A0M1A0A0 if candidates conclude that m > c and set

A discrete random variable, X, has the following probability distribution:

15a. Show that 2k2 − k + 0. 12 = 0. [1 mark]

15c. Hence, find E(X). [2 marks]

Note: Award M1A0 if additional values are given.

16b. Assuming Kaia’s annual salary can be approximately modelled by [3 marks]

Note: Award (A1)(A1) forS = 1096. 89 … x + 33028. 49 …, or

Kaia’s salary in 2021 is $56063. 21 (accept $56817. 09 from b = −2. 16 × 106

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022

Printed for AMER CREATIVITY ACAD-HAWALLY

Write down the equation of

1a. the vertical asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]

1b. the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]

1c. the x-axis. [1 mark]

1d. the y-axis. [1 mark]

Note: Award A1 for completely correct shape: two branches in correct

2a. Write down the value of f'(4). [1 mark]

2b. Find f(4). [1 mark]

2c. Find h(4). [2 marks]

h(4)= f(42 − 3 × 4)= f(4)

3b. the horizontal asymptote of the graph of f . [1 mark]

3c. the x-axis. [1 mark]

3d. the y-axis. [1 mark]

Note: Award A1 for completely correct shape: two branches in correct

Note: Condone use of y =