MALTEPE UNIVERSITY

Electrical-Electronics Engineering Department

EE 431 Communication Networks
Final Exam
Academic year 2020-2021
Semester Summer School
Date September 15, 2021 Wednesday
Place Bb System (online)
Exam duration 110 minutes (14:00-15:50)
Instructor Asst. Prof. Dr. B. Demir Öner
Question 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Points 16 20 22 20 22 100
Course Outcome Number 1 4 7 12 13
Programme Outcome Number 1-2-4-9 1-2-4-9 1-2-4-9 1-2-4-9 1-2-4-9

Rules for Submitting the Exam Answer Sheets

Please use white A4 papers as the exam answer sheets, and arrange the top of each face of the paper you use
as described below. Write the necessary information where it is indicated in the heading.
PLEASE PREPARE THIS HEADING FOR EACH FACE OF YOUR ANSWER SHEETS
Student Number EE 431 Communication Networks Date of Exam
Student Name and Surname Final Exam Page Nr. / Nr. of Pages
Student Signature Answers

PLEASE WRITE THE FOLLOWING HONOR PLEDGE

ON THE FIRST PAGE OF YOUR EXAM ANSWER SHEET BELOW THE HEADING
AND SIGN
“I affirm that I have not given or received any unauthorized help
on this exam, and that this work is my own.”
Student Signature

1. At the Start of the Exam

Students will be able to access the exam questions on the exam date at the start of the exam hour. Students who have
technical problems to access the exam questions should inform the instructor about the problem.

2. During the Exam

2.1 During the exam, the instructor will be at the blackboard (Bb) system in the virtual classroom of the course. All
students are expected to be present in this classroom during the exam. Thus, there will be a communication
medium only between the instructor and the students. The instructor may make explanations about the questions.
2.2 Answer the questions on white A4 papers with the heading defined in Paragraph 2.
2.3 In answering the questions and show all steps of your operations. Writing only the result will not be accepted as
an answer and it will be evaluated as zero.
2.4 Make sure to write the units of the results of your answers (if there is any). You lose points for missing units even
if your answers are correct.
2.5 Your answers should be neat, readable, in your own words and in your own handwriting. The letters of your
writing should not be too small and pale. If the writing cannot be read, it cannot be evaluated.
2.6 During the exam, you should not communicate with anybody. But you can inform the instructor if there is an
unclear question.

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2.7 During the exam, do not give your solutions to any other student and do not accept help from any other person. If
the instructor detects cheating among students, the students who involved in cheating (both the giver and the
recipient) will get zero as an exam grade even if their answers are correct.
2.8 Check the remaining exam duration, and spare enough time for scanning and uploading your answer sheets to the
Blackboard system.
3. At the End of the Exam
3.1 Get your answer sheets scanned in PDF format (black and white, not pale writing on grey background, not
as photographs of the answer sheets, and not also as word document of each page).
3.2 Upload the scanned PDF document of your answer sheets to the Bb system. After the exam duration expires, the
system will not accept the answer sheets from the students.
3.3 Students who have technical problems in uploading their scanned PDF documents of the answer sheets to the Bb
system in time, should inform the instructor about the problem. The instructor can give these students a second
chance of trial.

QUESTIONS

Question 1 – Subnet Topologies of WANs (16 points)

Draw the shapes of subnet topologies of Wide Area Networks (WANs) and write their names. Indicate the
routers and transmission lines on your drawings.

Question 2 – Functions of OSI Reference Model Layers (20 points)

Which layer of the OSI reference model performs the following functions? Write the number and the name
of the layer.
a) Network congestion control. network lay 3
b) End-to-end error control. transport 4
c) Segmentation and reassembly. transport 4
d) Dialog control. session 5
e) Frame synchronization. data link 2
f) Data compression/decompression. presentation 6
g) Transmission of raw bits. physical 1
h) Authentication protocols. application 7
i) Gathering charging information. network 3
j) Data format and coding. presentation 6

Question 3 – Basics of Data Transmission (22 points)

In a digital communication system, a 32 symbol signal is used in transmission. Each symbol is transmitted in
a 25 μs time slot with equal probability. M = 32 T= 25 * 10^(-6)
a) Calculate the symbol rate of the 32 symbol signal. (2p) r=? r = 1/T = 40 kHZ
b) Calculate the information content of a symbol. (3p) H=? h= log2 M = log 2 32 = 5
c) Calculate the required bandwidth. (3p) B= 1/ (T) = 1/ (25 * 10^(-6)) = 40KHZ
d) Calculate the information rate (R), ant the capacity (C) of the transmission medium to transmit the 32
symbol signal. (4p) R = rH = 40* 5 = 200Kbps Cmin = R = 200Kbps
e) Consider that the 32 symbol signal is applied to a binary encoder and a binary signal is obtained at the
output of the encoder.
(1) How many bits are required to code each symbol? (2p) 5 bit
(2) Calculate the pulse with of the binary signal. (2p) T2 = T/H = 25 * 10^(-6) / 5 = 5 micro sec
(3) Calculate the required transmission bandwidth (in kHz). (2p) B2 = 1/ T2 = 1/ 5 * 10^(-6) = 200 KHZ
(4) Calculate the minimum capacity (in kbps) of the transmission channel to transmit the binary signal. (4p)
Cmin = R: R= rH = 40 * 5 = 200 kbps
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Q4-E: backward. the same way as transparent bridges by using a flooding frame, arriving frames are input on all lans
connected to bridges except source lan. after a while the addresses are known.
Q4-D: each port has its own buffer memory which saves the destination addresses and buffers them then sends them as
soon as the frame comes so before all arrives to the port. it prevents from buffer overflow when incoming frame rate exceeds
Question 4 – LAN Switches swithcing rate. (20 points)
Answer the following questions about LAN switches.
a) What other names are given to them? (2p) switch hubs / layer 2 switches
b) Which OSI layer functions do they perform? (3p) layer 1 & 2 : physical + /data link
c) Do they interconnect computers, LANs, bridges or routers? (3p) LANs & computers
d) What is “cut-through switching” method that is used in LAN switches? What is its advantages? (6p)
e) How do they learn the location of the computers connected to the network and thus construct their address
tables? Write the name of the learning method (forward learning or backward learning). (6p)

Question 5 – Distance Vector Routing Algorithm (22 points)

The router A in the subnet shown below, uses the Distance Vector Routing Algorithm to construct its routing
table. The delay vectors received by router A from its neighbor routers and the delays to the neighbors
measured by router A are given below. Show all calculations required to choose the best path from A to B,
C, D and E over all neighbors of A as described below. Fill in the routing table of router A given below by
writing both the outgoing line (best path) to use and the expected delay (in millisecond).
Delay vectors received by A Delays measured by A The Subnet:
Delay Delay Delay A
from B from C from D Delay
To (ms) (ms) (ms) To from A (ms)
A 4 7 1 B 13
B 0 3 13 C 8 B C D
C 6 0 3 D 2
D 9 9 0
E 10 12 7
E
Selecting the best way from A to B: Selecting the best way from A to D: Routing Table of
Directly to B: AB = 13MS Directly to D: AD = 2MS Min Router A
Over C: AC + CB = 8 + 3 = 11MS Min Over B: AB + BD = 13 + 9 = 22 MS Delay Best
Over D: AD + DB = 2 + 13 = 15 MS Over C: AC + CD = 8 + 9 = 17MS To
(ms) Path
A 0 -
Selecting the best way from A to C: Selecting the best way from A to E: A-C-B
B 11
Directly to C: AC = 8MS Over B: AB + BE = 13 + 10 = 23 MS
Over B: AB + BC = 13 + 6 = 19MS Over C: AC + CE = 8 + 12 = 20MS C 5 A-D-C
Over D: AD + DC = 2 + 3 = 5 MS Min Over D: AD + DE = 2 + 7 = 9MS Min D 2 A-D
E 9 A-D-E

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