8

SCIENCE
Quarter 4 - Module 2
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Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 — Module 2: Mitosis and Meiosis: Their Roles in the Cell-Division Cycle
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

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Team

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 8
Science
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Mitosis and Meiosis:
Their Roles in the Cell-Division Cycle
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About……………………………………………………………………….. i

What I Need to Know……………………………………………………………………………… i

How to Learn from this Module………………………………………………………………..… i

Icons of this Module…………………………………………………...…………………………... ii

What I Know…………………………………………………………………………………………iii

Lesson 1: Mitosis and Meiosis: Their Roles in the Cell Division……………………………...1

What I Need to Know……..................................................................................................... 1

What’s New Activity 2: Arrange Me....................................................................................... 1
What’s New Activity 3: Compare Me..................................................................................... 2
What Is It……………………………………………………………………….............................. 2
What I Have Learned Activity 5: Answer Me………………………………………................... 8
What I Can Do Activity 6: Draw Me……………………………………………………………….8

Lesson 2: The Significance of Meiosis in Maintaining the Chromosome Number…………. 9

What I Need to Know……..................................................................................................... 9

What’s New Activity 2 Define Me………………………………………………...………………. 9
What Is It…………………………………………………………….………………...................... 9
What I Have Learned Activity 4: Explain Me……………………………...……………………. 11
What I Can Do Activity 5: Investigate Me…………………………………….…...…................ 12

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………. 14

Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………….………. 15

Key to Answer……………………………………………………………………………………… 17

Reference…………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
Heredity is sharing the features where traits are passed from parents to their offspring;
either in the process of asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or
organisms can obtain the genetic information of their parents.

In your grade 7 you’ve learned about asexual reproduction which requires one parent
and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual
reproduction requires two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique. Every
living thing undergoes reproduction. The offspring will grow and produce another offspring.
The cellular level of reproduction, in the form of cell division, provides for the backdrop for the
organism level of reproduction.

In this module you will learn mitosis and meiosis and their roles in cell-division cycle
as well as the significance of meiosis in maintaining the number of chromosomes.

This module has 2 lessons namely:

Lesson 1 – Mitosis and Meiosis: Their roles in the cell Division

Lesson 1- The Significance of Meiosis in Maintaining the Chromosome Number.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. compare mitosis and meiosis and their roles in the cell-division cycle (S8LT-IVd-16).

2. explain the significance of meiosis in maintaining the chromosomes number (S8LT-

IVe-17).

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
. take your time reading the lessons carefully.
. follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
. answer all the given tests and exercises.

i
Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and
understanding of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are

intended for you to practice further in order
to master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to

showcase your skills and knowledge gained,
and applied into real-life concerns and
situations.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your activity
notebook.

1. Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the
following describes an event that results from mitosis but not meiosis?
A. two stages of cell division
B. replication of cellular genetic materials
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
2. The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. It is called___.

Source: https://inhisimage.blog/2017/12/06/the-cell-meiosis/

A. Mitosis B. Meiosis I C. Meiosis II D. Cytokinesis

3. What happens to sister chromatid in Meiosis II?.
A. duplicate B. separate C. remain together D. do not take part

4. Which of the following accurately states the end result of meiosis?

A. four diploid cells B. one diploid cell

C. four haploid cells D. one haploid cell

5. During which division does the halving of chromosome occur?

A. Meiosis I B. Meiosis II C. Both Meiosis I and II D. Mitosis

6. How many daughter cells are produced at the end of mitosis?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

7. How many chromosomes are in the human egg cell and human sperm cell?
A. 24 in each B. 46 in the egg; 46 in the sperm
C. 46 in the egg; 23 in the sperm D. 23 in the sperm; 23 in the egg

8. After mitosis takes place, the daughter cells have_____ number of chromosomes as
the parent cell.
A. 23 B. the same C. half D. double
9. Egg cells and sperm cells are types of cells called_______.

A. embryo B. somatic C. body cells D. gametes

iii
10. Why is it important for the daughter cells to divide a second time in meiosis?
A. The second division switch parts of matching chromatids to increase genetic
variation.
B. The second division forms four identical cells to ensure that all offspring have
same traits
C. The second division sorts chromosomes into cells that are the same as the
parent cells.
D. The second division forms haploid cells that can combine with other haploid cells
during fertilization.

iv
This page is intentionally blank
 Lesson Mitosis and Meiosis:
Their Roles in the Cell
1
Division

What I Need to Know

Objective: After going through this lesson, you are expected to
compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell-division cycle (S8LT-
IVd-16).

What’s New
Activity 1: Arrange Me

Directions: Rearrange the letters to form the correct word. Write your answer in your
activity notebook.

1. ATEMHPESA ______________________
2. ESHAPNAA ______________________
3. OPASEHLET ______________________
4. RPHOAPSE ______________________
5. ERTNIAPHSE ______________________

Activity 2: Compare Me!

Directions: Look at the pictures below. One is Mitosis the other one is Meiosis.
Compare and contrast the two cell divisions according to what you see in the pictures.
Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Source: https://socratic.org/questions/how-does-dna-replication-relate-to-mitosis
https://www.shutterstock.com/search/meiosis

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 Mitosis Meiosis
Number of cells produced
Haploid or diploid cells
produced
Involved in asexual or
sexual reproduction
Result in body cells or
sex cells
Number of division/s
involved
Roles in cell-division
cycle

What Is It

The cell cycle is divided into two stages: the interphase and the cell division
phase. The interphase is the portion of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by
observable changes under the microscope, and includes the G1, S and G2 phases.
During interphase, the cell grows (G1), replicates its DNA (S) and prepares for mitosis
(G2).

Figure 1

Source:
http://cyberbridge.mcb.harvard.edu/mitosis_3.html

Throughout interphase, the cell goes through normal growth processes while
also preparing for cell division. Preferably a cell proceeds from interphase into the
mitotic phase, many internal and external conditions should be met. There three stages
of interphase the G1, S, and G2. In G1 phase (First Gap) the cell grows and collect the
building blocks of chromosomal DNA and the corresponding proteins as well as
sufficient energy reserves to complete the task of replicating each chromosome in the
nucleus. S Phase (Synthesis of DNA) of interphase get hold the extensive because of
the complication of the genetic material being duplicated. G2 Phase (Second Gap) the
cell furnishes its energy stores and incorporate proteins required for chromosome
manipulation.

2
Cell Division
In eukaryotic cells, there are two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

1. Mitosis
This type of cell division produces two identical cells with the same number of
chromosomes. Mitosis is divided into four stages.

STAGE A: Prophase. The nuclear membrane and nucleoli are still present. The
chromosomes are thicker and shorter or repeated coiling. At this point each
chromosome is made up of two identical sister chromatids as a result of replication of
DNA during the S phase. The two chromatids build from one chromosome are still
attached at one point, called the centromere. The centromere divided the
chromosome into the shorter arms, also called the p arms (p’ stands for petite in
French) and the longer q arms. If the chromosomes are smear using Giemsa,
alternating dark and light regions will emerge. These are the heterochromatin and
euchromatin, respectively. The heterochromatin is more coiled and denser than the
euchromatin (Figure 2)

Figure 2

Parts of the chromosome.

Source: https://biodifferences.com/difference-between-heterochromatin-and-euchromatin.html

Figure 3.
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/the-steps-of-mitosis/

3
STAGE B: Metaphase. The nuclear membrane has vanished while the highly coiled
chromosomes align at the metaphase, an imaginary plane center between the cells
two poles. Spindle fibers are also formed. Each fiber binds to a protein called the
kinetochore at the centromere of each chromatid of the chromosome.

Figure 4.
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/the-steps-of-mitosis/

STAGE C: Anaphase. The paired centromeres of each chromosome discrete towards

the opposite poles of the cells as they are pulled by the spindle fibers through their
kinetochores. This free the sister chromatids. Each chromatid is now considered as a
full-fledge chromosome and is only made up of one sister chromatid.

Figure 5.
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/the-steps-of-mitosis/

4
STAGE D: Telophase. The chromosomes at this stage are now at the opposite poles
of the spindle. They start to uncoil and become dim under the light microscope. A new
nuclear membrane set up around them while the spindle fibers disappear. There is
also cytokinesis of the division of the cytoplasm to create two separate daughter cells
right away after mitosis.

Figure 6
Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/the-steps-of-mitosis/

Now that we’ve reviewed each of the steps, let’s look at the cycle as a whole:

Figure 7

Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-wmopen-biology1/the-steps-of-mitosis/

2. Meiosis

The number of chromosomes usually remains the same within the species. It
does not double or triple for each generation. This propose that a different kind of cell
division must take place in an individual. This type of cell division is called meiosis,
from a Greek word which means “to make smaller”. Meiosis lowers the chromosome
number in half. It happens in plants and animals whenever gametes or sex cells, are
formed through the process called gametogenesis.

5
 Meiosis is unique type of cell division where a cell experiences two rounds of cell
divisions to produce four daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number as
the original parent cell and with a unique set of genetic materials as a result of
exchange of chromosome segments during the process of crossing over.

The preface of meiosis division, also known as meiosis I, consist of four stages:
prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. Prophase I of meiosis I,
unlike its counterpart in mitosis, is more detailed and should be understood well in
order to grasp the mechanism of heredity.

STAGE A: Prophase I. Meiosis begins with this stage and includes the following sub-
stages:

Leptotene. Each chromosome is constructed of two long threads of sister chromatids

as result of replication during the S phase of the cycle.

Zygotene. The chromosomes begin to pair off. Pairs of chromosomes are called
homologous chromosomes, and this pairing activity is exact.

Figure 8

Crossing over of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I

Source: https://www.quora.com/Does-crossing-over-occur-between-all-the-23-pairs-of-chromosomes

Pachytene. The chromosomes arrangement due to repeated coiling. Crossing over

happen during this stage where a segment of a sister chromatid of one chromosome
is exchanged with the same segments of the sister chromatid of the homologous
chromosome through the formation of a cross-linkage of the portion called a chiasma
(Figure 4). After crossing over, the sister chromatids of each chromosome may no
longer be identical with each other based on the genetic materials they contain.

Diplotene. The chromosomes start to uncoil.

Diakinesis. The paired chromosomes scatter in the nucleus.

STAGE B: Metaphase I. The paired chromosomes order themselves along the

equatorial plate.

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STAGE C: Anaphase I. Spindle fibers set up and attached to the centromeres of the
chromosomes. The homologous chromosomes discrete from each other completely
and start their movement toward the poles of the cells as they are pulled by the spindle
fibers. As the centromere of each chromosomes does not divide, the sister chromatids
endure together.

STAGE D: Telophase I. This is the stage when the chromosomes reach their specific
poles. Cytokinesis follows and two daughter cells are created. All cell now has only
half the chromosome number because only one chromosome from each pair goes to
the daughter cell. This is called the haploid condition, in difference to the diploid
condition at the beginning of the meiosis I where each chromosome pair is intact.
Telophase is come after by interphase II.

Take note that each chromosome still has two sister chromatids; it is therefore
required for the cells to undergo another round of division.

The second meiotic, also known as meiosis II, is mitotic in nature and contain
of the following stages: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and Telophase II;
these stages are identical with mitotic stages. The outcome are four cells, two from
each daughter cell from meiosis I, with one half the diploid chromosome number and
with only one sister chromatid for each chromosome.

Figure 9.

Stages of meiosis in an animal cell

Source: https://www.philpoteducation.com/mod/book/view.php?id=790&chapterid=1053

7
 What I have learned?
Activity 5: Answer Me!

Directions: Answer the following questions below. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.

1. What are the roles of mitosis and meiosis in cell-division cycle?

______________________________________________________________
2. Explain briefly their roles in cell-division cycle.
______________________________________________________________

What I Can Do?

Activity 6: Draw Me!

Directions: Create/draw a model project showing the stages of any of your preference,
mitosis or meiosis. You may use any art material available at home. Rubrics below will
serve as your guide in making your output.

Categories 20 points 15 points 10 points 5 points

Creativity The student’s The student’s The student’s The piece
work work work lacked shows little
demonstrates demonstrates sincere evidence or
a unique level originality. originality. original
or originality. thought.
Effort The student The student The student The student
gave an effort completed the finish the did not finish
far beyond the activity in an activity, but it the work in
requirements above lacks finishing satisfactory
of the activity. average touches or manner.
manner, yet can be
more could improved
have been upon with little
done. effort.
Elements of The art work The art work The student The student
design shows that the shows that the did the activity did the
student student in satisfactory minimum or
applied his/her applied his/her manner. the art work
understanding understanding was never
in unique adequately. completed.
manner.

8
 Lesson The Significance of
Meiosis in Maintaining
2
the Chromosome
Number

What I Need to Know

Objective: After going through this lesson, you are expected to
explain the significance of meiosis in maintaining the chromosome number.

What’s New
Activity 1. Define Me!

Directions: Define the following words.

1.Gamete
2.Gametogenesis
3.Spermatogenesis
4.Down’s Syndrome
5.Cri du syndrome

What Is It

Finally, in meiosis, four haploid cells have been created, but the cells are not
yet gametes. The cells need to develop before they become mature gametes efficient
for fertilization. The maturing of diploid cells into gametes is called gametogenesis. It
varies between males and females.

Sperm is a gamete produced by a male and the matured sperm undergoes the
process called spermatogenesis where the sperm cell grows a tail and gains the
ability to “swim,”. Egg is a gamete produced by a female and the process that produces
a mature egg is called oogenesis. One egg is produced from the four haploid cells that
outcome from meiosis.
Eggs and sperms are gametes that unite during fertilization forming a diploid
zygote. The zygote has one set of chromosomes from both parents, one from male
parent and one from female parent. In humans, both father and mother give 23
chromosomes each in their gametes. Hence, zygote has 46 chromosomes and divides
many times and produce a new diploid multicellular organism.

9
 Testes produce the sperm cells of male human and animals. Four cells which
are produced by meiosis are very small but similar in size and these cells become
spermatozoa (singular form is spermatozoon) or sperms. A sperm has 3 parts, the
head where the nucleus can be found; the midpiece or the middle part where the
mitochondria can be found and the tail which gives the sperm cell movement.

Egg cells are produced in the ovaries of female animals. New cells are
produced that differ in size when a cell in the ovary undergoes meiosis. The size of the
cells changes after meiosis. The Meiosis II create one big and one small cell from the
first big cell. The small cell produced from meiosis I might not divide. If it does, it
produced two small cells where the big cell becomes the egg cell; the small cells
disintegrate. The egg cell carries a lot of stored food which is used by the growing
embryo at the start of its development. The tiny sperm cell only contributes its genetic
material found in the head during fertilization. Figure 1 summaries the formation of
gametes.

Figure 1.

Gametogenesis in the testis and ovary of animals

Source:
https://www.macmillanhighered.com/BrainHoney/Resource/6716/digital_first_content/trunk/test/hillis2e/hillis2e_ch37_
2.html

10
 Meiosis may not always act normally, sometimes accidents happen. These
accidents may influence the functioning of the spindle fibers or the movement of one
or more chromosomes. Some accidents in humans have been known to cause
abnormal conditions. For instance, when the chromosomes in a pair fail to separate
from each other during Meiosis I, the resulting gamete obtain both members of a pair
of chromosomes. If this involves chromosome pair 21, for example, and one of the
gametes hold two copies of the chromosome, then the individual produced will have
47 chromosomes with three copies of chromosome 21. This condition is known as
Down’s syndrome, it was named after Dr. Langdon Down who first studied the
condition. The extra chromosome 21 will take to an imbalance of genetic material in
the cell. A person with this condition suffers from variable degrees of mental
retardation, sterility, and increased risk beyond the age of 40 of Alzheimer’s disease,
which influence the functioning of the brain. Pregnant women at the age above 35
years old are usually associated with Down’s syndrome.

From time to time, a piece of chromosome breaks off and gets lost. The effects
of this accident vary on the particular genetic material lost. For instance, the condition
called Cri du chat syndrome when a part of chromosome 5 is lost, the trouble
individual will have a face that is round, moonlike, cries feebly and is mentally and
physically retarded. Cri-du-chat (cat's cry) syndrome, also known as 5p- (5p minus)
syndrome, is a chromosomal condition that results when a piece of chromosome 5 is
missing. Infants with this condition often have a high-pitched cry that sounds like that
of a cat (Genetics Home Reference, 2020).

Various drugs may be source of breaks or other abnormalities in the

chromosomes. Chlorpromazine (a popular tranquilizer), diphenhydramine (an
antihistamine), and lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD (a hallucinogen) are few drugs
known source of breaks in the chromosomes.

What I have Learned

Activity 2. Explain Me!

Directions: Explain the process of meiosis and its significance in maintaining the
chromosomes number in your activity notebook using the guide questions. Your
answer will be graded according to rubrics.

Guide question:
1. What is the significance of meiosis and the chromosome number?
2. Why is meiosis important in maintaining number of chromosomes from one
generation to the next?
Categories 20 points 15 points 10 points 5 points
Explanation Complete Good solid Explanation is Misses key
response with response with unclear. point.
a detailed a clear
explanation. explanation.
Demonstrated Show’s Show’s Response Response
knowledge complete substantial show’s some shows a
understanding understanding understanding complete lack
of the ideas. of the ideas. of the ideas. of
understanding
of the ideas.
11
 What I Can Do?

Activity 3. Investigate Me!

Directions: From the given picture below, write your inferences using the Big Question
Map. Question in every box is provided as your guide. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_
syndrome

12
 What?
• What is the name of
chromosomal disorder of
the child?

When? Where?
• Where does the disorder
• When is the time a family can start? Explain your answer.
say that a child possesses this
kind of disorder? Explain

How?
• How do you treat a
child/person with this kind
of disorder?

13
Summary

In this module we have learned the role of cell division by differentiating mitosis
and meiosis and its significance in maintaining the number of chromosomes.

1. The Chromosome of a cell form as the cell transitions from one stage to another
in a typical cell cycle. The cell cycle is divided into two stages: the interphase
and the cell division phase. The interphase is the portion of the cell cycle that
is not accompanied by observable changes under the microscope, and
includes the G1, S and G2 phases. During interphase, the cell grows (G1),
replicates its DNA (S) and prepares for mitosis (G2)
2. Throughout interphase, the cell goes through normal growth processes while
also preparing for cell division.
3. Mitosis is the type of cell division which produces two identical cells with the
same number of chromosomes
4. Mitosis is divided into four stages the prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase.
5. Mitosis is important for sexual reproduction indirectly. It allows the sexually
reproducing organism to grow and develop from single cell into a sexually
mature individual. This allows the organism to continue to reproduce through
the generations.
6. Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells
containing half the original amount of genetic information.
7. Meiosis has two sets, Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I consists of four stages:
prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. Meiosis II has the
following stages: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and Telophase II.
8. Sperm is a gamete produced by a male and the matured sperm undergoes the
process called spermatogenesis.
9. Meiosis is responsible for the formation of sex cells or gametes that are
responsible for sexual reproduction.
10. Meiosis maintains the constant number of chromosomes by halving the same.
This is important because the chromosome number doubles after fertilization.
11. Crossing over produces a new combination of traits and variations
12. Recombination at meiosis plays an important role in the repair of genetic
defects.
13. Table comparing meiosis with mitosis.
Meiosis Mitosis
Two divisions. One division.
Pairing of homologous No pairing of chromosomes.
chromosomes.
Crossing over occurs. No crossing over.
Homologous chromosomes assort No independent assortment of
independently. homologous chromosomes.
Sister chromatids separate in Sister chromatids separate during
second division. single division.
Four haploid cells are produced. Two diploid cells are produced.
Daughter cells are genetically Daughter cells are genetically
different. identical.

14
 Assessment: (Post-Test)
Directions: Write your answer in your activity notebook.

1. Which of the following best compares the processes of mitosis and

meiosis?
A. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in diploid gametes, while
meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in haploid gametes.
B. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in haploid gametes, while
meiosis consists of two division cycles and results in diploid daughter
cells.
C. Mitosis involves one division cycle and results in diploid daughter cells,
while meiosis consists of the two division cycles and results in haploid
gametes.
D. Mitosis involves two division cycles and results in haploid gametes,
while meiosis consists of one division cycle and results in diploid
daughter cells.
2. Which of the following occurs during mitosis?
A. The chromosomes of the parent cell are copied.
B. The nuclear membrane pinches one cell into two.
C. The parent cell takes in nutrients ad doubles in size.
D. The nucleus of the parent cell divides into two nuclei.
3. During which of cellular reproduction does crossing over occur?
A. during meiosis
B. only during mitosis
C. during mitosis and meiosis
D. during mitosis and eukaryotic cell
4. Which of the following accurately states the end result of meiosis?

A. four diploid cells B. one diploid cell

C. four haploid cells D. one haploid cell

5. In the production of gametes, which of the following is correct?

I. In sperm cells, four haploid gametes are produced.

II. In egg cells, meiosis results in a single haploid gamete.
III. In sperm cells, one haploid gamete is produced.
IV. In egg cells, meiosis results in four haploid gametes.
A. I & II B. III & IV C. I & III D. II & I

15
6. What happens during telophase?
A. The spindle fiber is formed.
B. The spindle fiber did not disappear.
C. The chromosome is at the center of the poles.
D. The chromosome is at the opposite poles of the spindle.
7. What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
1- Metaphase 2- Telophase 3-Anaphase 4- Prophase
A. 4,1,2,3 B. 2,3,1,4 C. 1,2,3,2 D. 4,1,3,2
8. In both mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate during anaphase, but
there are______ haploid daughter nuclei produced by meiosis compared to
___ diploid nuclei by mitosis.
A. 6 & 3 B. 4 & 2 C. 2 & 4 D. 3 & 6
9. What will happen if something goes wrong during meiosis?
A. defective gametes
B. undergo another phase
C. chromosome does not duplicate
D. gametes do not acquire chromosomes
10. Human gametes normally have ______ chromosomes.
A. 23 B. 26 C. 46 D. 47

16
 17
Pre-Test Post-Test
1. A 6. B 1. C 6. D
2. B 7. D 2. D 7. D
3. B 8. A 3. A 8. B
4. C 9. D 4. B 9. A
5. A 10. D 5. A 10. A
Lesson 1
Activity 1: Arrange Me
ATEMHPESA - METAPHASE
ESHAPNAA -ANAPHASE
OPASEHLET -TELOPHASE
RPHOAPSE -PROPHASE
ERTNIAPHSE -INTERPHASE
Activity 2: Compare Me (Possible Answer)
Mitosis Meiosis
Number of cells produced 2 4
Haploid or diploid cells produced diploid haploid
Involved in asexual or sexual asexual sexual
reproduction
Result in body cells or sex cells Body cells Sex cells
Number of division/s involved one two
Roles in cell-division cycle produces new cells and replace Produces egg and sperm for sexual
cells that are old, lost or damaged. reproduction
Activity 3: Answer Me
1. What are the roles of mitosis and meiosis in cell-division cycle?
During mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, including its chromosomes, and splits to form two identical
daughter cells. Meiosis also allows genetic variation through a process of DNA shuffling while the cells are
dividing. Mitosis and meiosis, the two types of cell division.
2. Explain briefly their roles in the cell-division cycle
Mitosis is a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells (cell division).
During mitosis one cell? divides once to form two identical cells. The major purpose of mitosis is for growth and to
replace worn out cells.
Meiosis in Humans, however, the primary function of meiosis is the reduction of the ploidy (number of chromosomes)
of the gametes from diploid (2n, or two sets of 23 chromosomes) to haploid (1n or one set of 23 chromosomes).
Key to Answer
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Lesson 2
Activity 1. Define Me!
1. Gamete -the sex cell female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called
sperm.
2. Gametogenesis - the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.
3. Spermatogenesis -the production or development of mature spermatozoa.
4. Down’s syndrome - is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of
chromosome 21.
5. Cri du syndrome -is a chromosomal condition that results when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing.
Activity 2. Explain Me (Possible answer)
The purpose of meiosis is to shuffle genetic information and cut the cellular chromosome number in half, from
46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes. In this way, when an egg and sperm cell combine during fertilization, the resulting
embryo will inherit the appropriate amount of unique genetic information from each parent. Meiosis makes it possible
to maintain a constant number of chromosomes in a species that reproduces sexually by halving the number of
chromosomes in the reproductive cells.
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