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1.
Certificate 03
2. Acknowledgement 04
3. Objective 05
4. Introduction 06
5.theory 07
6.Experimental Work 08-10
•:• Aim
• Apparatus Required
Procedure
+ Observations
•:• Result
+ Precautions
•:• Conclusion
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that SUMIT THENUA,
student of Class XII-B has successfully
completed the research on the below
mentioned project under the guidance of
MR. SANJEEV BHATNAGAR (Subject Teacher)
during the year 2022-2023 in partial full fill
meant of CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT WORK.
SIGNATURE OF TEACHER
MR. SANJEEV BHATNAGAR
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I gratefully acknowledge my sincere thanks to

our respected chemistry teacher Mr. Sanjeev
Bhatnagar for his remarkable, valuable
guidance and supervision throughout the
project work.
I’m the most indebted to my parents for their
encouragement, help, suggestion, and readily
Helpful service in performing the experiment.
Study some of the common food
adulterants present in different food
stuffs.
Food is one of the basic necessities for
sustenance of life. Pure, fresh and healthy diet is
most essential for the health of the people. It is
no wonder to say that community health is
national wealth.
Adulteration of food-stuffs was so rampant,
widespread and persistent that nothing short of a
comprehensive that nothing short of a somewhat
drastic remedy in the form of a comprehensive
legislation became the need of the hour.
To check this kind of anti-social evil a concerted
and determined onslaught was launched by the
government by introduction of the Prevention of
Food Adulteration Bill in the Parliament to herald
an era of much needed hope and relief for the
consumers at large.
About the middle of the 19th century chemical
and microscopical knowledge had reached the
stage that food substances could be analysed,
and the subject of food adulteration began to be
studied from the standpoint of the rights and
welfare of the consumer.
The increasing number of food producers and the
outstanding amount of import foodstuffs enables the
producers to mislead and cheat consumers.
To differentiate those who take advantage of legal rules
from the ones who commit food adulteration is very
difficult. The consciousness of consumers would be crucial.
Ignorance and unfair market behaviour may endanger
consumer health and misleading can lead to poisoning.
So we need simple screening tests for their detection.
In the past few decades, adulteration of food has
become one of the series problems. Consumption of
adulterated food causes serious diseases like cancer,
diarrhoea, asthma, ulcers, etc. Majority of fats, oils and
butter are paraffin wax, castor oil and hydrocarbons.
Red chilli powder is mixed with brick powder and
pepper is mixed dried papaya seeds.
These adulteration can be easily identified by simple
chemical tests.
Several agencies have been set up by the government
of India to remove adulterants from food stuffs.
AGMARK- acronym for agricultural marketing...this
organization certifies food products for their quality. Its
objective is to promote the grading and standardization
of agricultural and allied commode.
AIM :
To detect the presence of adulterants in fat, oil and butter.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
Test-tube, acetic anhydride, conc. H2S04 acetic acid, conc.
HN03
PROCEDURE :
Common adulterants present in ghee and oil are paraffin
wax, hydrocarbons, dyes and argemone oil. These are
detected as follows :
Adulteration of paraffin wax and hydrocarbon in
vegetable ghee heat small amount of vegetable ghee with
acetic anhydride. Droplets of oil floating on the surface of
unused acetic anhydride indicates the presence of wax or
hydrocarbons.
Adulteration of dyes in fat heat 1ml of fat with
a mixture of 1ml of conc. Sulfuric acid and 4m] of
acetic acid. Appearance of pink or red colour indicates
presence of dye in fat
Adulteration of argemone oil in edible oils to small
amount of oil in a test-tube, add few drops of conc. HN0 3 and
shake. Appearance of red colour in the acid layer indicates
presence of argemone oil.
AIM:
To detect the presence of adulterants in sugar.
Test-tubes, dil. HCI.
*PROCEDURE :
Sugar is usually contaminated with washing soda and other
insoluble substances which are detected as follows :
Adulteration of various insoluble substances in sugar. Take
small amount of sugar in a test-tube and shake it with little
water. Pure sugar dissolves in water but insoluble impurities do
not dissolve.
Adulteration of chalk powder, washing soda in sugar. To
make small amount of sugar in a test-tube, add few drops of
HCI. Brisk effervescence of C02 shows the presence of chalk
powder or washing soda in the given sample of sugar.
AIM:
To detect the presence of adulterants in samples of chilli powder,
turmeric powder and pepper.
Test-tubes, conc. HCI, dil. HN03, Kl solution.
PROCEDURE:
 Common adulterants present in chilli powder, turmeric powder and pepper are red
coloured lead salts. Yellow lead salts and dried papaya.
seeds respectively. They are detected as follows:-
• Adulteration of red lead salts in chilli powder. To a sample of chilli powder, add dil. HN03.
Filter the dil.
Solution and add 2 drops of potassium iodide solution to the filtrate. Yellow ppt. indicates the
presence of lead salts in chilli powder.
• Adulteration of yellow lead salts to turmeric powder. To a sample of turmeric powder
add conc. HCI. Appearance of magenta colour shows the presence of yellow oxides of
lead in turmeric powder.
• Adulteration of brick powder in red chilli powder. Add small amount of given red
chilli powder in beaker containing water. Brick powder settles at the bottom while pure
chilli powder floats over water.
Adulteration of dried papaya in pepper. Add small amount of sample of pepper to a
beaker containing water and stir with a glass rod. Dried papaya seeds being lighter float
over water while pure pepper settles at the bottom
OBSERVATION:
EXPT. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE OBSERVATION

NO. NAME
Adulteration of Heat small amount of vegetable Appearance of oil

with acetic anhydride.
paraffin wax and Droplet of oil floating on the floating on the
hydrocarbon in surface of unused acetic acid surface.
anhydride indicate the presence of
vegetable ghee. wax or hydrocarbon.
2. Adulteration of Heat 1 ml of fat with a Appearance of pink

dyes in fat. mixture of 1 ml of conc. colour.
H2SO4 and 4ml of acetic
acid.
3. Adulteration of To small amount of oil in a No red colour

argemone oil in test tube, add few drops of observed.
edible oils. conc. HN03 & shake.
4. Adulteration of Take small amount of Pure sugar dissolves

various insoluble sugar in a test tube and water but insoluble
substances in sugar. shake it with little impurities do not
water. dissolve.
Adulteration of To small amount of No brisk
5. chalk powder, sugar in a test tube, add effervescence.
washing soda in a few drops of dil. Ha.
sugar.
6. Adulteration of To a sample of chilli powder, Appearance of
yellow lead add. Conc. HCI. magenta colour.
salts to
turmeric
powder.
Adulteration of To a sample of chilli powder, add dil. HN03 No yellow

7. Filter the solution and so add 2 drops of
red lead salts solution to the filtrate. precipitate.
in chilli
powder.
Adulteration of Add small amount of given red chilli

8. brick powder in powder in a beaker in a beaker
Brick powder settles at
chilli powder. containing water.
the bottom while pure
chilli powder floats over
water.
Adulteration of Add small amount of Dried papaya seeds

9. sample pepper to beaker being lighter float over
dried papaya
seeds in containing water and stir with a water while pure
glass rod. pepper settles at the
pepper.
bottom.
RESULT :
The required analyses for adulterants in food stuffs has been made.
 PRECAUTIOS :
By taking a few precautions, we can escape from consuming
adulterated products.
1. Take only packed items of well-known companies.
2. Buy items from reliable retail shops and recognized outlets.
3. Check the ISI mark.
4. Buy products of only air tight popular brands.
5. Avoid craziness for artificially coloured sweets and buy only from
reputed shops.
6. Do not buy sweets or snacks kept in open.
7. Avoid buying things from street side vendors.
 CONCLUSION:
Selection of wholesome and non-adulterated food is essential for daily life to
make sure that such foods do not cause any health hazard. It is not possible to
ensure wholesome food only on visual examination when the toxic
contaminants are present in ppm level. However, visual examination of the
food before purchase makes sure to ensure absence of insects, visual fungus,
foreign matters, etc. Therefore, due care taken by the consumer at the time of
purchase of food after thoroughly examining can be of great help. Secondly,
label declaration on packed food is very important for knowing the ingredients
and nutritional value. It also helps in checking the freshness of the food and the
period of best before use. The consumer should avoid taking food from an
unhygienic place and food being prepared under unhygienic conditions. Such
types of food may cause various diseases. Consumption of cut fruits being sold
in unhygienic conditions should be avoided. It is always better to buy certified
food from reputed shops.

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I gratefully acknowledge my sincere thanks to

EXPT. EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE OBSERVATION

Adulteration of Heat small amount of vegetable Appearance of oil

2. Adulteration of Heat 1 ml of fat with a Appearance of pink

3. Adulteration of To small amount of oil in a No red colour

4. Adulteration of Take small amount of Pure sugar dissolves

Adulteration of To a sample of chilli powder, add dil. HN03 No yellow

Adulteration of Add small amount of given red chilli

Adulteration of Add small amount of Dried papaya seeds

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