TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

GRADE 8

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

IN
MECHANICAL DRAFTING

Prepared by:
Grade 8 TLE Teachers
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
PREPARING DRAFTING TOOLS, DRAFTING MATERIALS AND DRAFTING INSTRUMENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

LO1: IDENTIFY DRAFTING MATERIALS, DRAFTING TOOLS AND DRAFTING INSTRUMENTS
There are different tools, materials, and equipment that a draftsman used in mechanical drafting.
Each tools, materials and instruments are necessary in doing a quality job.
• MECHANICAL DRAFTING - a drawing that is done with the aid of instruments such as T-square,
Triangle, triangular scale, compass, protractor, and divider.

❖ DRAFTING MATERIALS - Consumable things used for making arts or drawings.

O Drawing Paper - a paper specially prepared

for the use of drawers (such as draftsmen or
sketchers)

O Masking Tape - used for fastening the

drawing paper on the drawing table or
drawing board because it does not damage
the board and it will not damage the paper if
it is removed by pulling it off.

O Eraser - used to clean the dirt of the drawing.

**Soft Eraser - used in removing smudges and

pencil marks.

**Hard Eraser - useful for making changes and

correcting errors in the drawing.

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 O Drawing Pencil - one of the most important
material in drawing.

-Art medium constructed of a narrow,

solid pigment core inside a protective casing.

** Hard pencil - used where extreme accuracy

is required especially working on graphs,
diagrams, and charts.

**Medium pencil - used for general purpose

work in drawing.

** Soft pencil - used for various kinds of artwork.

❖ DRAWING INSTRUMENTS - used for drawing and designing purposes.

O T-Square - usually made of wood, plastic, or

the combination of both used when making
horizontal lines and used for guiding triangles
when drawing vertical lines.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF T- SQUARE

** Fixed Head. The head is fastened to the blade.

It is used for ordinary work.

**Movable Head or Adjustable Head. It has one

fixed and one adjustable head and used only
for occasional drawing.

**Detachable Head or Removable Head. It is

designed for comfort when carrying the T-
square

O Triangle - a three-sided ruler, which typically

has two equal sides meeting at a 90º angle
and to a third side at 45º, 30º, including 60 º
angles. It is usually made of plastic and comes
in different sizes. If in use, the base of the
triangle must rest on the blade of the T-
square. Drawing a line always starts from the
point near the base going upward.
O Compass - used when drawing arcs and
circles. It is used in a similar way to a divider.
- It is composed of one with the pen leg
and the needle point leg being held
together with a handle.

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 O Divider - used when transferring
measurements, dividing lines and arcs into
the desired number of equal parts.

O Protractor - a semi-circular instrument

divided into 180 equal parts, each of which is
called a degree. -
used to determine gradations of the degrees
when measuring arcs, angles and circles.

O Triangular Scales - used when reproducing a

drawing in an enlarged or reduced form to
some regular proportion

❖ DRAFTING TOOL - device used to carry out a particular function.

O Pencil Sharpener - used for sharpening

a pencil’s writing point by shaving away its
worn surface.

O Erasing Shield - made up of metal with

irregular holes. It is a useful tool to protect
the rest of the drawing when clearing up
smudges, unnecessary pencil lines and other
erasures.

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of/on:
● Types and uses of drafting materials/ tools and drawing instruments.
● Proper manipulation of drafting materials, tools and drawing instruments.

Performance Standard:
1. Drafting materials, Tools and Drawing instruments are identified as per job requirements.
2. Materials and drawing tools are classified according to their uses.

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 Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:
Prepare drafting materials, drafting tools and drafting instruments.
⮚ Identify drafting materials and tools/drawing instruments applicable to a specific
job.

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Familiarize on the different drafting materials, drafting tools and drafting instruments
used in mechanical drafting.
● Make a compilation/album of different drafting tools, materials, and instruments.
● Recognize the importance of each drafting tools, materials, and instruments in
mechanical drafting.

EXERCISE
Give the name of the following drafting tools, drafting materials, and drawing
1 instruments.

1. 4.

2. 5.

3.

EXERCISE

2
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Eraser A. Used when drawing arcs and circles
2. T- square B. Used for sharpening a pencil
writing point
3. Compass C. Used when reproducing a drawing
in an enlarged or reduced form of
some regular proportions
4. Triangular Scale D. Used to remove dirt from the
drawing
5. Pencil Sharpener E. Used for making horizontal line

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 EXERCISE
Match the drafting tools, materials, and instruments in Column A with its
3 function in Column B.
Direction: Identify the following if it is a drawing material, drawing tool or
drawing instrument.

1. Divider 6. Eraser
2. Drawing Paper 7. T- Square
3. Triangle 8. Compass
4. Erasing Shield 9. Pencil Sharpener
5. Masking Tape 10. Triangular Scale

ACTIVITY LET’S DO IT!

Materials: COLORED PAPER, pencil, ruler, scissor, pictures of different
1 drafting tools, drafting materials and drafting instruments
TITLE: DIFFERENT DRAFTING TOOLS, DRAFTING MATERIALS AND
DRAFTING INSTRUMENTS
Directions: Make an album/ Compilation of the different drawing tools, drawing
materials and drawing instruments.

Note: Write the meaning of each drafting materials, drafting tools and drafting
instruments.

Guide Questions (if necessary)

1. What are the different drafting materials and instruments that you commonly used in drawing?
2. Why drafting tools, materials and instruments are important in mechanical drafting?
3. How can you apply the lesson that you have learned today in your daily living?

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY

CRITERIA VERY GOOD GOOD NEEDS
IMPROVEMENT
Correctness of All information is There are 1 to 3 Majority of the information
information written correctly information that is are incorrect
(15) incorrect
Cleanliness (5) Finished output was Pleasing but erasures Finished output have so
neatly done, pleasing, and smudges are many erasures and smudges
and no observable on the
erasures/smudges finished output
Creativity (10) The output is done The output is done The output does not show
creatively with slight creativity any creativity

5
Assessment:
O Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter of your choice on your answer
sheet.

1. Which of the following is used for making vertical lines?

A. T- Square B. Triangle C. Compass D. Protractor
2. What do you call the paper used for making arts or drawings?
A. Drawing Paper B. Pencil C. Eraser D. Masking Tape
3. What will you use in making horizontal lines?
A. T- Square B. Triangle C. Compass D. Protractor
4. What is used for removing unnecessary marks in the drawing paper?
A. Drawing Paper B. Pencil C. Eraser D. Masking Tape
5. What tool will you use to remove the worn surface of your pencil?
A. Erasing Shield B. Pencil Sharpener C. Eraser D. Masking Tape
Reflection:
● Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:
> I understand that ________________________________.
> I realize that ____________________________________.

References for learners

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Mechanical
Drafting ,8-14.
Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer, Technical Drawing; The Macmillan Company: 1999
∙ German M. Manaois, Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing: 1983
∙ Esguerra and Molino, Exploratory Drafting; Abiva Publishing: 1980
∙ Stirling, Norman, Introduction to Technical Drawing, Metric Edition
∙ http://www.images.search.yahoo.com/search/image

Answer Key
DRAWING B
SHIELD C
DRAWING INSTRUMENT
ERASING A DRAWING TOOL
DRAWING INSTRUMENT
TAPE E DRAWING INSTRUMENT
MASKING DRAWING MATERIAL
D DRAWING MATERIAL
PROTRACTOR EXERCISE 2 DRAWING TOOL
DRAWING INSTRUMENT
EXERCISE 1 DRAWING MATERIAL
DRAWING INSTRUMENT
EXERCISE 3
Prepared by:
EDNA M. USAL
GRADE 8 TLE TEACHER

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 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
PREPARING DRAFTING TOOLS, DRAFTING MATERIALS AND DRAFTING INSTRUMENTS
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

LO2: Request, receive, inspect and store drafting materials and tools.
PROCEDURES IN RECEIVING AND STORING TOOLS AND MATERIALS
The Receiving Department has the function to unload and unpack incoming materials; check
quantities received against the shippers packing list; identify goods received with descriptions on the
purchase order; prepare a receiving report; notify the purchasing department of descriptions discovered;
arrange for inspection when necessary; notify the purchasing department of any damage in transit; and
rout accepted materials to the appropriate manufacturer’s location.

The form also provides a space for the inspection department to note either the complete
approval of the shipment or the quantity rejected and the reason for the rejection, in inspection does not
take place immediately after receipt of the materials, the receiving report is distributed as follows: The
receiving department keeps one copy and sends another copy to the purchasing department as notice of
the arrival of the materials.

All other copies go to the inspection department and are distributed when inspection is
completed. After inspection, one copy of the receiving report, with the inspection result is sent to the
accounting department, where it is matched with the purchase order and the vender’s invoice and the
paid. Other copies go to various departments such as materials and production planning. One copy
accompanies the materials, so that the storekeeper knows the quantity and the kind of materials
received.

INVENTORY
Inventory is an idle stock of physical goods that contain economic value, and are held in various
forms by an organization in its custody awaiting packing, processing, transformation, use or sale in a
future point of time

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VARIOUS FORMS
Accurate entry in different forms used in drafting works is essentially important to purchase
right, accurate and complete number of drawing materials, tools and instruments needed in a specific
drafting job. Here are sample various forms used in drafting works.
A. Requisition Slip Form - an official paper in the form of a printed document on which a request in
made.

B. Purchase Requisition Form

For standard materials, little information other than the stock number may be needed and for
other purchases requests, it may be necessary to give descriptions, blueprints, catalog numbers,
weights, standards, brand names, exact quantities to order, and suggested prices. One copy
remains with the originating employee, and the original is sent to the purchasing department for
execution of the request.

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C. Delivery Receipt Form - shows proof or receipt of goods or services.
The receiver acknowledges receiving a consignment of goods from supplier. The buyer signs it
before it is returned to the seller. This officially takes care of uncertainties on the part of the
supplier who gets to know the safe and timely arrival of goods to their designated destination.

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 D. Inventory Form of Drawing Tools and Instruments
The Inventory form contains information about items (name, number, sales and purchase
information, and cost of goods sold account information) that any business purchases for sale,
tracks in inventory, and displays on a balance sheet.

E. Borrower’s Slip - form use in borrowing tools and equipment in a laboratory or offices.

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of/on:
● Procedures in receiving and storing tools and materials and tools.
● Different requisition forms and procedures
Performance Standard:
1. Materials and tools are received and inspected based on the specified quantity as requisition.
2. Tools and materials are checked for damages and manufacturing defects.

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Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:
Prepare drafting materials, drafting tools and drafting instruments.
⮚ Request, receive and inspect and store drafting materials and tools.

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Identify various forms used in mechanical drafting particularly in requesting, receiving,
inspecting, and storing drafting materials and tools.
● Create a sample of various forms used mechanical drafting in requesting, receiving,
inspecting, and storing drafting materials and tools.
● Appreciate the importance of following procedures in requesting, receiving, inspecting,
and storing drafting materials and tools.

EXERCISE
TEXT TWIST
1 Directions: Arrange the following letters to create the different forms used in
drafting when requesting, receiving and inspecting needed materials, tools and
instruments.

1. REOINYVNT MORF _________________________________

2. LIEDVYRE ERPETIC _________________________________

3. ORBORREW PLIS _________________________________

4. CUPREAH OMRF _________________________________

5. QEIRISTUNOI ROMF _________________________________

EXERCISE

2 Briefly describe three (3) of your answers in exercise 1.

1. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.
2. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.
3. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.

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 MODIFIED WORD COMPLETION
EXERCISE Direction: Complete the following statements below and write the missing letters
to the blank provided.
3
1. D__ __ __ __ __ __ Y __ __ __ __ __ __ T form shows proof or receipt of goods or
services.
2. The I __ __ __ __ __ __ __ Y __ __ __ M contains information about items (name,
number, sales and purchase information, and cost of goods sold account information)
that any business purchases for sale, tracks in inventory, and displays on a balance sheet.
3. The __ __ __ R __ __ __ __ ‘__ __ L__ P is used when someone borrowing something like
tools/ materials in drafting to supply office and return it at exact date indicated on that
form.

LET’S DO IT!
Materials: LONG BOND PAPER, pencil and ruler.
ACTIVITY
TITLE: DIFFERENT REQUISITION FORMS IN MECHANICAL DRAFTING
1 Direction: Create a form used in requesting, receiving, inspecting, and storing drafting
materials and tools. Use the data below in doing your activity.

REQUISITION FORM
• 45 pcs of blue plastic compass that costs 22.75 pesos each.
• 42 pcs of plastic triangle that measures 30 X 60 degree for 55.00 each.
• 45 pcs of plastic triangle that measures 45 x 90 degree for 35 pesos each.
• 40 pc of plastic T square that costs 125.00 each.
• 45 pcs. of metal divider that costs 37.00 each
• 42 pcs. of architecture triangular scale which costs 75 pesos each

DELIVERY FORM
• 45 pcs of blue plastic compass
• 42 pcs of 30 x 60 degree plastic triangle
• 45 pcs of 45 x 90 degree plastic triangle
• 40 pc of plastic T square
• 45 pcs. of metal divider
• 42 pcs. of architecture triangular scale

BORROWER’S SLIP FORM

• 1 drawing table
• 1 45 x 90-degree plastic triangle
• 1 30 x 60-degree plastic triangle
• 1 plastic T- square
• 1 metal divider
• 1 architecture triangular scale

Guide Questions (if necessary)

1. What are the various forms in requesting, receiving, inspecting and storing drafting materials and
tools?
2. Why should we follow the proper procedures in requesting, receiving, inspecting and storing
drafting materials and tools?

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RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY
ACCURACY 10
QUALITY 5
LEGIBILITY 5
NEATNESS 3
SPEED 2
TOTAL 25

Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Choose only the letter of your answer.
1. Which of the following department is responsible for unpacking and unloading of incoming goods and
materials from the supplier?
A. Receiving Dept. B. Inspection Dept C. Accounting dept D. Purchasing Dept

2. What form should be done by the requisitioner to make a request of the tools and instruments he/she
needed?
A. Purchase Order Slip B. Borrower slip Form C. Requisition Slip Form D. Inventory Form

3. Which department is responsible for the execution of requisitioner’s request?

A. Receiving Dept. B. Inspection Dept C. Accounting dept D. Purchasing Dept

4. What form should be done by storekeeper after receiving the purchased item from the receiving
department?
A. Purchase Order Slip B. Borrower slip Form C. Requisition Slip Form D. Inventory Form

5. What form will you use if you are borrowing item from the storekeeper?
A. Purchase Order Slip B. Borrower slip Form C. Requisition Slip Form D. Inventory Form

Reflection:
● Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:
> I understand that ________________________________.
> I realize that ____________________________________.

References for learners

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Mechanical Drafting ,22-
29.

Answer Key:
Borrower ory Form
Receipt ANSWERS MAY VARY Invent
EXERCISE 2
Delivery ery Receipt
Form Deliv
Inventory EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 1

Prepared by
LEOVIN LLANTOS

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 GRADE 8 TLE TEACHER

DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
PERFORM BASIC MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

LO1: Select and Use Measuring Instruments
Measuring tools are used for the purpose of measuring dimensions, implementing any work with
precision. The measuring tools are also used largely for carrying out different types of measurements.
Measuring tools are essential for examining a finished product or semi- finished product. The
inspection or examination operations include checking, or testing an object based on the required
dimensions given on a diagram or a sketch. Measurements taken must be accurate.
Different Measuring Tools
1. T-Square is used as a guide in drawing Steps in Using a T-Square
horizontal lines and in measuring up to 48” Step 1- Place the T-Square onto the
straight line. Drawing Board.
Put the T square at right angles along the
edges of the drawing board. A T-square has
a straight edge that can be moved that is
utilized to hold other technical tools like
triangles and squares. The T square can be
slid across the drawing table surface to the
area where one wants to draw.
Step 2 – Draw Lines and Curves.
To draw vertical lines, use the T square. To
draw parallel horizontal lines or angles, you
can place the triangles and squares beside
the T square and calculate your desired
lines and angles precisely. You may also use
the French curve to create shapes that are
curved and there are also templates if there
are any other small shapes that need to be
drawn repetitively.

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1. Triangles are used for drawing vertical and Steps in Using a Triangle
oblique lines. The most commonly used triangles are the 1. Place the T-square flush on the drafting
45° and the 30°x 60°. board.
2. Place the 30-60-60 triangle on the board
with its bottom flush to the T-square and
the long straightedge facing your drawing
hand. Draw a vertical line.
3. Flip the triangle over so the long-angled
edge is facing your drawing hand. Draw a
60-degree line.
4. Turn the triangle so the long straightedge
is flush with the T-square. Draw a 30-degree
line along the long-angled edge.
5. Slide the T-square up while leaving the
triangle in place. Draw another 30-degree
line parallel to the first 30-degree line.
6. Place a 45-45-90 triangle flush with the
long-angled edge of the 30-60-90 triangle.
Draw a 75-degree line.

1. Ruler is the most popular type of measuring Measuring Objects using a Ruler:
tool. It is usually 6 or 12 inches in length. It is needed for 1. To measure the length of an object, place
measuring sizes and distances. the zero-hash mark of the ruler exactly
along one end of the object.

2. Align the object you are measuring along

the edge of the ruler. Note the hash mark
on the ruler along which the other side of
the object ends.

1. Triangular Scale is used in general drawing. Its Steps in Using a Scale

main purpose is to reproduce the dimension in full size 1. Place the edge of the scale parallel to the
or to reduce or enlarge them on a drawing. Scales help a line being measured.
drafter keep the proportions accurate. 2. Face the edge of the scale that you are
reading toward your non-dominant side (if
it is oriented vertically) or away from you (if
it's oriented horizontally). This helps keep
you from casting shadows on the relevant
face of the scale as you work.
3. Make light marks to indicate the distance
you are measuring or drawing out, as
measured by the scale.
4. Adjust dividers with the scale by making
a pencil line if the dividers should be wide,
using the scale as a guide. Then adjust the
dividers by orienting the points on the ends
of the pencil line. Adjusting the dividers by
placing the points directly on the scale
might nick the surface of the scale, making
it hard to read.

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1. A protractor is a measuring instrument, typically How to measure an angle with
made of transparent plastic or metal, for measuring a protractor:
angles
1. Place the midpoint of the protractor on
the VERTEX of the angle.
2. Line up one side of the angle with the
zero line of the protractor (where you see
the number 0).
3. Read the degrees where the other side
crosses the number scale.

1. Compass is used to draw circles, arcs, radii, and Steps in Using a Compass
parts of many symbols.
1. Place the point of the drafting compass
at the center point of the circle you intend
to draw. If you're drawing an arc, imagine
that the arc extends all the way around into
a circle and place the point of the compass
at the center of that imaginary circle.

2. Adjust the leaded end of the compass so

that it touches where you'd like the edge of
the arc--or circle--to be. If you're drawing
an arc at a specific distance from the center
point, make a line of the desired distance,
adjust the point and leaded end of the
compass against the ends of that line, and
then place the point of the compass back at
the center point of your circle or arc.

3. Grasp the middle of the compass

between your thumb and fingers. Twist
your fingers, applying light downward
pressure on the compass to mark out the
desired length of arc or circle with the
leaded end of the compass.
1. Divider is similar to the compass in Steps in Using a Divider

16
construction. As the name implies, divider is used for
dividing distances into a number of equal parts by the 1. Align each arm of the dividers so that one
trial-and-error method. point is laying on the start point of the
measurement you want to transfer and the
other divider point is laying on the endpoint
of that same measurement. 2. Lift the
dividers off the measurement you intend to
transfer, being careful not to change their
alignment.
3. Place the dividers over the location you'd
like to transfer the measurement to, and
make a pencil mark to indicate where each
of the dividers' pointers sits. This duplicates
the measurement.
Tape or tape ruler is a concave, spring-steel To use a tape measure:
blade ranging from 1/4" to 1" wide and 6 to
about 300 feet in length, coiled inside a carrying 1. Pull the tang out from the housing and
case. Metric tape ruler comes in comparable hook it on the edge of the object to be
widths and lengths up to 10 meters. It provides measured.
an easy means for accurately measuring curved 2. Stretch the blade across the object, press
surfaces. the lock, and then observe where the blade
meets the end of the object.
3. The nearest line on the blade to the end
of the object is the final measurement.
4. Once you have noted it, unhook the tang,
holding the blade with your hand so that its
recoil won’t cause injury, and then press
the lock to release the blade.
5. Slowly allow the blade to return to the
housing.

LO2: Clean and Store Measuring Instruments

It is better to own a few good tools than a number of poor ones. In acquiring tools, be guided by
quality and durability. Quality tools are known by their popular trademark. But also consider that the life
of any drawing or measuring tools will depend on how well you take care of them. Drafting measuring
tools should be well maintained to continue working properly. Organizing and storing these items have a
great deal to do with keeping them in tiptop shape and good working condition. You can assure that your
tools will last long if you patiently and religiously take care of them. Good workmanship is associated with
the use of quality hand tools. Maintaining effective use of drafting tools in the production of quality
projects is the concern of every craftsman.
Clean/Store Drafting Measuring Tools
1. Be sure to inspect tools before using them. This is to check if they are in working condition.
This can be detected when there is ease and speed when in use.
2. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth. Wipe it dry with another piece of
cloth before keeping it.
3. When not in use, the T-square is preferably hung by inserting the hole to a nail (attached to a
wall) at the end of its blade.
4. Do not abuse or misuse any piece of drawing instruments.

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 5. Avoid throwing a tool to anybody; instead, hand it over to him carefully.
6. Avoid setting off the distances individually by moving the scale to a new position from time to
time, because slight errors in the measurements may accumulate and give rise to a large error.
7. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles to protect the drawing. Pick up the triangle
by its tip and tilt the T-square blade upward slightly before moving.
8. Do not pull too much steel tape or pull-push rule to the coil spring to avoid damage.
9. Oil the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules, calipers, dividers, and
compasses to avoid stock-up.
10. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to the instructor immediately.

Content Standard:

The learner demonstrates understanding of/on:

● Different measuring instruments and their application.
● Cleaning and storing procedure for measuring instruments.

Performance Standard:
● Measuring instruments are selected and used according to the level of accuracy required.
● Measurements taken are accurate to the finest gradation of the selected measuring
instrument.
● Measuring techniques used are correct and appropriate to the instrument used.
● Measuring instruments are cleaned in accordance with established standards.
● Measuring instruments are stored in accordance with established standards.

Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:

Perform Basic Mensuration and Calculation
● Select and use measuring instruments.
● Clean and store measuring instruments.

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Identify the different measuring instruments.
● Demonstrate the procedures in using different measuring instruments through picture
collage.
● Recognize the importance of cleaning and storing measuring instruments.

EXERCISE
Direction: Name the different measuring tools shown below.
1

2.
1.

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 3.
4.

5.

EXERCISE
Direction: Arrange the sequence of proper usage of compass by using 1 as the
2 first step, 2 for the second step and so on.

___ Grasp the middle of the compass between your thumb and fingers.
___ Place the point of the drafting compass at the center point of the circle you intend to draw.
___ Twist your fingers, applying light downward pressure on the compass to mark out the desired length
of arc or circle with the leaded end of the compass.
___ After using a compass, clean it and keep it in the proper place.
___ Adjust the leaded end of the compass so that it touches where you'd like the edge of the arc--or
circle--to be.

EXERCISE Direction: Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False.
3
1. Avoid unnecessary sliding of T-square or triangles across the drawing.
2. T-square is preferably hung when not in use.
3. Report defective measuring tools and any hazard to instructor immediately.
4. After using a tool, clean it thoroughly with a damp cloth.
5. It is not advisable to put oil on the movable parts of the measuring tools such as zigzag rules,
callipers, dividers, and compasses.

ACTIVITY LET’S DO IT!

Materials: LONG BOND PAPER, ballpen/marker, ruler, and scissors.
1 TITLE: Select and Use Measuring Instrument
Direction: Choose 1 measuring instrument you want to demonstrate the steps.
Take photos of yourself while doing the procedures and take a picture collage.

NOTE: Please see attached rubrics for scoring.

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 Guide Questions (if necessary)
1. What are the different measuring instruments used in Mechanical Drafting?
2. Why is it important to clean and store properly the measuring instruments?
3. How can you apply the lesson that you have learned today in your daily living?

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY

CRITERIA Excellent (5) Satisfactory (3) Poor (1)

Layout/ The output is properly laid out and The output is properly laid out The output is properly laid out
Presentation presented all the steps correctly. but presents few mistakes on but not clearly presented the
the steps. proper steps.

Cleanliness Finished output was neatly done, Pleasing but erasures and Finished output have so many
pleasing, and no erasures/smudges smudges are observable on the erasures and smudges
finished output

Creativity The output is done creatively. The output is done with slight The output does not show any
creativity. creativity.

Assessment:
● Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. What measuring tool is used to layout an angle or an arc?
A. Compass B. Divider C. Protractor D. Tape ruler

2. Which of the following is the most popular type of measuring tools, usually 6 or 12 inches in
length?
A. Tape ruler B. Triangle C. Ruler D. Scale

3. Dante wants to reproduce, reduce and enlarge the dimension of the size of his drawing. What
measuring instrument he should use?
A. Tape ruler B. Triangle C. Ruler D. Triangular Scale

4. Which of the following procedures is the first step of using a Tape

ruler?
A. Stretch the blade across the object, press the lock.
B. Pull the tang out from the housing and hook it on the edge of the object to be measured. C.
The nearest line on the blade to the end of the object is the final measurement.
D. Slowly allow the blade to return to the housing.

5. What should you do to maintain the measuring instruments in good condition?

A. Be sure to inspect tools before using them. After using tools, clean it and keep them in proper
storage.
B. Throw anywhere after using the measuring instruments.
C. Use them carelessly.
D. If you noticed something unusual to the measuring tool, don’t mind it.

Reflection:
● Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:
> I understand that ________________________________.
> I realize that ____________________________________.

20
References for learners
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Mechanical
Drafting, 30-49.
https://www.doityourself.com/stry/how-to-use-a-t-square
https://sciencing.com/use-306090-drafting-triangle-8654265.html
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/measurements/ruler
https://www.homeschoolmath.net/teaching/g/measure_angles.php
http://www.china-tapemeasure.com/what-is-a-tape-
measure.htm#:~:text=A%20short%20steel%20tape%20measure%20or%20steel%20measuring%20tape%
20is,is%20a%20common%20measuring%20tool.

Answer Key:
RACTOR
PROT
SCALE 2 F
NGULAR 5 F
TRIA 4 T
NGLE 1 T
TRIA 3 T
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2 EXERCISE 3

Prepared by:
GLADDEL MAE O. SAPORNA
GRADE 8 TLE TEACHER

21
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
PERFORMING BASIC MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

LO3. Convert fraction to decimal and vice versa
Conversion of fraction to decimal:
A. Changing fraction to decimals
Any rationale number can be changed from fractional form to decimal form by simply dividing the
numerator by the denominator.
Example: 4/5 equal 0.8
B. Rounding Off Decimals
Metric measurements in decimal are often long numbers. they must often be rounded to a
convenient number of digits. To help you round off your own calculation, rules of rounding are discussed
below.
1. If the first number to be eliminated is less than 5, simply drop it( and the number to the right of
it) and let the last significant digit stand.
Example: Round off 25.4 mm to whole number
Solution: Simply drop the 4
Answer: 25
Example: Round off 0.3125 (5/16) into two significant digits
Solution: The first number to be eliminated is 2. Simply drop it and all numbers to its right (5)
Answer: 0.31
2. If the number to eliminated is 5 or more, drop the number, then add one to the last digit number.
Example: a. Round off 78.6 into its nearest ones
Solution: The number to be rounded off is 6 which is greater than 5, drop 6 add 1 to the last
digit retained.
Answer: 79

22
 b. Round off 92.65 to the nearest tenths
Solution: The number to be rounded off is 5, drop 5 and add one to 6 which is the last digit
retained.
Answer: 92.7
Conversion of Decimal to Fraction:
A decimal is changed to a fraction by using 10 or any other power of 10 as denominator of the given
decimal. Then change to the lowest term when possible.
Example: A. 0.4 = 4/10 or 2/5
B. 0.25 = 25/100 or ¼
C. 0.328 = 328/1000 or 82/250 or 41/125
Millimeters Equivalent of Decimal and Fraction of an Inch
Fractions Decimals Millimeters
1/16 0.0625 1.588
1/18 0.1250 3.175
3/16 0.1875 4.762
¼ 0.2500 6.350
5/16 0.3125 7.938
3/8 0.3750 9.525
7/16 0.4375 11.112
½ 0.5000 12.700
9/16 0.5625 14.288
5/8 0.6250 15.875
11/16 0.6875 17.462
¾ 0.7500 19.050
13/16 0.8125 20.638
7/8 0.8750 22.225
15/16 0.9375 23.812
1 1.00 25.400

TRADE MATHEMATICS/MEASUREMENT:
Measuring accurately is a skill that should be developed, Inaccurate measurement would mean a
waste of time, effort, and materials. The development of skill in measurement starts with the ability to
read measurement.
Two Systems of Measurement
There are two system of measurement: the English system which originated in England and the
Metric system or Systems international (S.I) which originated in France.
The basic unit in the Systems International measurement is called the meter. The meter is divided
into 100 centimeters. Each centimeter is divided into 10 millimeters. They are abbreviated as follows:
millimeters mm centimeters cm decimeters dm meters m
In English system, the inch is divided into 16 graduations and the smallest graduation is read as
1/16.

23
 To read measurement exceeding 1 inch say 2” and for smaller graduation , it is read and written as :
2” 4/16 or 2 ¼.
1 foot + 12 inches + 3 smaller graduations, is read and written as 14” 3/16
In the System International measurement, the centimeters is divided into 10 millimeters , as
shown below:

Metric System of Measurement

(linear equivalent)
10 millimeters(mm) = 1 centimeter (cm)
10 centimeters(cm) = 1 decimeter (dm)
10 decimeters(dm) = 1 meter(m)
10 meters(m) = 1 decameter(Dm)
10 decameters (Dm) = 1 hectometer (Hm)
10 hectometers(Hm) = 1 kilometer(Km)
10 kilometers(Km0 = 1 mayriameter (Mn)
English System of Measurement
(linear equivalent)
12 inches(in.) = 1 foot(ft.)
3 feet(ft.) = 1 yard(yd)

Metric Conversion Table

1 millimeter = 0.03937 inches(in.) 1 meter = 39.37 inches(in.)
1 centimeter = .3937 inches(in.)

English Conversion Table

1 inch(in.) = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm = .0254 (m.)
1 foot(ft.) = 304.8 mm = 30.48 cm = .3048(m)
1 yard(yd) = 914.4 mm = 91.4 cm = .9144(m)

Conversion Formulas
Length in inches x 0. 0254 = length in meters
Length in inches x 2.54 = length in centimeters
Length in feet x 3.28 = length in meters
Length in meters x 39.37 = length in inches
24
 Length in inches x 39.37 = length in meters
Length in feet x 0.305 = length in meters
Length in feet x 30.5 = length in centimeters

Content Standard:

● The learner demonstrates understanding of /on :

* Conversion of fraction to decimal or decimal to fraction
* Trade Mathematics
* Two system of measurements
* Conversion of units in linear measurement

Performance Standard:
● Conversion of fraction to decimal or decimal to fraction and
● Conversion of English to metric or metric to English according to procedure
Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:
Perform Mensuration and Calculation
⮚ Convert fraction to decimal and vice versa.
⮚ Convert English to metric measurement system and vice versa.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Identify the steps on how to convert fraction to decimal or decimal to fraction.
● Convert English to metric or metric to English measurement.
● Appreciate the importance of conversion.

Directions: Round off numbers to their nearest hundredths

EXERCISE
1. 13.7556 4. 8.6245
1 2. 38.614 5. 7.2532
3. 41.009
Direction: Convert the following fraction to decimal or vice versa
EXERCISE 1. ¾ 4. 0.75

2 2. 1/8 5. 0.125
3. 5/32
Direction: Write the correct measurements as indicated by the extension below:
EXERCISE

25
 ACTIVITY LET’S DO IT

1 Direction: Convert the following measurement from metric to English

system or vice-versa. Show your solution.
1. 60 cm = _________in 4. 10 in =____________cm
2. 3 ½ in. = _________ cm 5. 30cm = ____________ft
3. 75 cm = _________ m

Guide Questions (if necessary)

1. How do we convert fraction to decimal? decimal to fraction?
2. What are the two systems of measurement?

Assessment:
Convert the following from metric to English or English to metric system. Show your solution.
1. 45 cm to = _________inches 4. 13 inches = _________meters
2. 23 m to = _________feet 5. 10 mm to = _________inch
3. 70 ft to = _________meters

Reflection:
Write your personal insight about the lesson in your notebook by using the prompt below:
● I understand that________________________________________________.
* I realize that_____________________________________________________.

References:
K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module in
Mechanical Drafting pp. 30-44
Answer key:
7.25 1/8 2¼
8.62 ¾ 1 7/16
41.01 .156 ¾
38.61 .125 5/16
13.76 .75 5/8
EXERCISE 1 EXERCISE 2 ½
EXERCISE 3

Prepared by:
Marissa D. Dilig
Grade 8 TLE Teacher

26
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
INTERPRETING WORKING PLANS AND SKETCHES
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

Lo1: Identify Assembly and Detailed Drawing

FREEHAND DRAWING- sketching

-drawings are made without the use of drawing instruments or straightedges.
Line Sketching
One advantage of freehand sketching is that it needs only patience and continuous correct practice.

Basic Line Sketching

Kind of Lines Direction of strokes

Strokes are drawn from left to right for right handed

For right-handed From right to left for left-handed

For left-handed

Horizontal

Strokes are drawn downward

Vertical lines

27
 Inclined strokes(diagonal)are drawn downward
Inclined to the
right

Inclined to the
right

Curved strokes are drawn downward for either right-handed or left-handed

Curved line

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Multi-view drawing – a drawing that shows more than one view of an object.
Orthographic Projection – A system for graphical representation of an object by a line drawing on a flat
surface.
Orthographic View – a drawing that shows a side of an object viewed directly from 90 degrees. Six (6)
Principal Views of an Object:
The simple work piece below shows the six (6) principal sides or views.

An orthographic view is made by projecting the edge of the object perpendicular to a plane of projection.

Planes of Projection

28
Three planes of projection are used in orthographic drawing. These are called the horizontal plane,
frontal plane, and the profile plane.

The planes of projection join and form quadrants. The quadrants are called first angle, second angle, third
angle, and fourth angle. The first and the third quadrants are used for drafting purposes.

Overall Size of the Object

1. Height is the perpendicular distance between two horizontal planes.

2. Width is the perpendicular distance between two profile planes.

3. Depth is the perpendicular distance between two frontal plane.

MECHANICAL DRAWING is describing the shapes of objects completely and exactly by the use of
orthographic views. Although there are six principal views that can be drawn in an object, only the three
regular views are normally required in the preparation of a working plan.

29
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
1. First-Angle Projection (ISO Standard)
The first-angle projection is a system of orthographic projection used by the European countries
which places the object on the first quadrants.

Here the horizontal plane is below the object.

∙ The top of the object is projected down the horizontal plane.

∙ The rear projects to the frontal plane.

Unfolded Planes

With the planes unfolded and laid flat, the front view is above the top view.

The position of the unfolded planes in the first-angle projection.

SYMBOL USED FOR FIRST ANGLE

2. Third-angle Projection (ANSI)

The third-angle projection is a system used in the United States which places the object in the
third quadrants.

The third-angle projection places the object in the third quadrant. (An observer here would be facing the
frontal plane).

30
∙ Observe that the object is placed below the horizontal plane.
∙ The top view of the object projects up to it, therefore, the top view is in the horizontal plane.
∙ The object is behind the frontal plane. The front view of the object projects forward to it,
therefore, the view is on the frontal plane.
∙ The side of the object projects to the profile plane, therefore, the side view will be seen in the
profile plane.

Unfolded Planes
If the planes be unfolded and laid flat, the top view would be above the front view.

SYMBOL USED FOR THIRD ANGLE

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of/on:

● Line Sketching

● Theories and principles of orthographic projections

● Orthographic Projections

Performance Standard:

Orthographic and pictorial drawings are interpreted according to drawing standards.

Assembly and detailed drawings are interpreted according to drawing standards.

Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:

Interpret Working Plans and Sketches
⮚ Identify assembly and detailed drawing.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Sketch the different basic line.
● Label the plane of projection and draw the quadrants used in orthographic drawing.
● Appreciate the importance of orthographic views.
Line Exercises

31
 Directions: Use a long bond paper, sketch the following lines indicated in
EXERCISE each box. Line should be drawn freehand.

EXERCISE

2
Fill in the blank
Directions: Supply the correct information on each blank.
1. The system of orthographic projection that places the object on the first quadrant is called
__________________.
2. Located below the top view is the _______________ of the Third angle projection.
3. The system of orthographic projection that places the object on the third quadrant is called
______________.
4. Located below the first is the ______________ of the first-angle projection.
5. The perpendicular distance between horizontal planes is referred to as ______________.
6. The perpendicular distance between profile planes is called ______________.
7. The perpendicular distance between frontal planes is called
______________.

Completion
EXERCISE Direction: Try your best to supply the needed information to
3 complete the following statements.

The system for graphically representing the object by a line drawing on a flat surface is called
(1.)__________________. When the three planes of projections joined together, they will form
quadrants. They are the following: (in any order) (2.)___________________ (3.)________________

32
(4.)_________________ (5.)___________________. The quadrants used for drafting purposes are (in any
order) (6.)____________________ and (7.)___________________ .
Orthographic view is drawn by projecting the edge of the object perpendicular to these planes of
projection (8.)___________________ (9.)____________________ (10.)___________________.

LET’S DO IT!
ACTIVITY Materials: Long bond paper, pencil, ruler, and Eraser.
TITLE: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
1 Directions: Draw the given example and label the three planes projection
and quadrants used in orthographic drawing.

SEE THE SAMPLE BELOW

Name: Title: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Section: Date:

RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY

CRITERIA 10 Points 8 Points
Accuracy The orthographic projection was drawn The orthographic projection was somehow
appropriately and completely labeled the drawn inappropriately and incomplete
needed info. labeled the needed info.
Neatness Finished output was neatly done, pleasing, Pleasing but erasures and smudges are
and no erasures/smudges observable on the finished output

Guide Questions (if necessary)

1. What are the three planes of projection used in orthographic drawing?
2. Which from the four quadrants are used for drafting purposes?
3. How can you apply the lesson that you have learned today in your daily living?

Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter of your choice on your answer
sheet.
1. What is the system used for graphically representing an object by line drawing on a flat surface?
A. Orthographic Projection B. Pictorial Drawing
C. Multi-view Drawing D. Isometric Drawing
2. What angles of projection generally used for drafting purposes arc
A. Ninety degrees and Forty Five Degrees B. First Angle and Third Angle
C. Second Angle and Fourth Angle D. Thirty Degrees and Sixty Degrees

33
3. What standard projection used by many European countries (ISO Standard)?
A. Orthographic Projection B. Third-angle Projection
C. Isometric Projection D. First-angle Projection
4. What are the common views used in multi-view drawing ?
A. front, top, and sides B. front, rear and sides
C. front, sides and rear D. front, top and rear
5. What standard of projection used by Americans, (ANSI Standard)?
A. First-angle Projection B. Orthographic Projection
C. Diametric Projection D. Third-angle Projection

Reflection:
● Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:

> I understand that ________________________________.

> I realize that ____________________________________.

References for learners

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Mechanical
Drafting ,77-91

ANSWER KEY

PREPARED BY:

JENNIFER L. BARLES
TLE 8 TEACHER

34
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:___________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
INTERPRETING WORKING PLANS AND SKETCHES
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Background Information for Learners:

Lo1: Identify Assembly and Detailed Drawing

PICTORIAL DRAWING

A pictorial drawing shows likeness (shape) of an object as viewed by the observer. It represents a portion
of the object and shows the method of its construction. In some presentations, the whole object is shown
in one view.

Types of Pictorial Drawing:

A. Axonometric Pictorial Drawing

1. Isometric drawing – a pictorial drawing showing the three surfaces of the object tilted 30 degrees in

front of the observer.

Isometric lines – are lines drawn parallel to the isometric axes.

35
Steps in Drawing Isometric from a given Orthographic Views

STEP 1 - Study the given orthographic views carefully. Estimate the width, height and the depth of the
object, then sketch the axes used in isometric drawing.

STEP 2 - Transfer the height (A), the width (B), and the depth (C) of the object to the corresponding axis
respectively.
STEP 3 - Sketch isometric lines to complete the isometric box.
STEP 4 - Layout details of the object inside the box then finish the pictorial view by drawing the object
lines.

2. Dimetric drawing – the angle that is used for the horizontal planes varies according to the angle of
view that has been chosen. This type is not widely used.

3. Trimetric drawing - a classification of an axonometric projection where in a cube is positioned in the

way that no axes and angles are equal when projected to the plane projection.

B. Oblique Pictorial Drawing

Oblique Drawing – the kind of pictorial drawing of an object one surface of which is shown
parallel to the frontal plane and the other is inclined to it.

Classifications of Oblique Pictorial Drawing

1. Cavalier drawing – An oblique drawing in which the depth axis lines are full scale or in full size.
The receding lines are true depth – that is makes an angle of 45 degrees and 30 degrees with the
plane of projection.
2. Cabinet oblique – Depth axis lines are drawn one-half scale. When the receding line is drawn to
half – size, and the projectors makes an angle of 30, 45, 60 degrees respectively.
3. General oblique – Depth axis lines vary from one-half to full size. Drawn at any convenient angle
and the receding lines are drawn to full size, onethird size, one-half size, or ¼ size.

Procedure in Sketching Oblique Pictorial View

36
 Study carefully the given orthographic views. Sketch the vertical line OB and horizontal line OA.
STEP 1: Draw line OC as the receding line.
STEP 2: Complete the oblique box by sketching parallel lines to the oblique axes.
STEP 3: Layout the details of the object inside the oblique box.
STEP 4: Erase the unnecessary lines to complete the drawing.

C. Perspective Pictorial Drawing

1. 1-pt. or Parallel perspective – a perspective drawing using one vanishing point, the front view is drawn
in its true shape in full or scale size
2. 2-pt. or Angular perspective – a perspective drawing using having two vanishing points.
3. 3-pt. or Oblique perspective – a perspective drawing using three vanishing points

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of/on:

● Pictorial drawing
● More on Oblique Drawing

Performance Standard:

● Orthographic and pictorial drawings are interpreted according to drawing standards.

● Assembly and detailed drawings are interpreted according to drawing standards.

Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:

Interpret Working Plans and Sketches

⮚ Identify assembly and detailed drawing.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Identify the types of pictorial drawing.
● Draw an example of isometric and orthographic projection.
● Appreciate the importance of pictorial drawing.

EXERCISE FILL IN THE BLANKS

1 Directions: Supply the needed information to complete the following statements.

1. Iso means equal, metric means _____________.
2. Circle becomes ellipse in ________________.
3. Lines that are not parallel to the three base lines in isometric are called
____________.
4. If the depth axis lines are drawn one-half scale, then is called a ____________
5. _____________ are the lines drawn parallel to the isometric axes.

37
 EXERCISE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2 Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter of
your choice on your answer sheet.
1. Which drawing shows more than one side of an object tilted in front of the observer?
a. pictorial drawing b. artistic drawing c. multi-view drawing d. orthographic drawing
2. Which place or point where the observer is supposed to stand while viewing the object?
a. vanishing point b. center point c. piercing point d. station point
3. Which point where the horizontal line in the perspective view seems to converge or meet?
a. station point b. vanishing point c. center point d. piercing point
4. What view is referred when the object is placed on the horizon at the eye-level of the observer.
a. bird’s eye view b. worm’s eye view c. man’s-eye view d. orthographic view
5. What oblique drawing in which the depth axis lines are in full size?
a. cabinet oblique b. cavalier oblique c. general oblique d. oblique perspective

EXERCISE

3 IDENTIFICATION
Directions: identify the types of pictorial drawing

1.
2.

2. 5.

3.

38
 ACTIVITY
LET’S DO IT!
1 Materials: LONG BOND PAPER, pencil, ruler, and Eraser.
TITLE: ISOMETRIC AND OBLIQUE DRAWING
Directions: draw an example of isometric and oblique drawing.
SEE THE SAMPLE BELOW

ISOMETRIC CAVALIER OBLIQUE

Name: Title: PICTORIAL DRAWING

Section: Date:

Guide Questions (if necessary)

1. What are the types of pictorial drawing?
2. Which type of pictorial drawing is the most commonly used? Why?
3. Why is it important to familiarize the types of pictorial drawing?

39
RUBRICS FOR ACTIVITY

CRITERIA 10 Points 3 Points 1 Points

Accuracy The pictorial view was drawn The pictorial view was The pictorial view was
appropriately somehow drawn inappropriately drawn and
inappropriately and NOT in NOT in freehand
freehand
Neatness Finished output was neatly Pleasing but erasures and Finished output have so
done, pleasing, and no smudges are observable on many erasures and
erasures/smudges the finished output smudges and quite
unpleasant

Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter of your choice in your answer
sheet.
1. What is a pictorial drawing showing the three surfaces of the object tilted 30 degrees in front of
the observer?
A. Isometric drawing C. Orthographic drawing
B. Oblique drawing D. Pictorial drawing
2. Which oblique drawing has a full size depth axis lines?
A. Cabinet Oblique C. General Oblique
B. Cavalier Oblique D. Oblique Perspective
3. What drawing shows the front view in its true relations and dimensions just as it would be in
working drawing?
A. Isometric Drawing C. Orthographic Drawing
B. Oblique Drawing D. Perspective Drawing
4. What are the receding lines regularly used in oblique pictorial drawing?
A. 30 degrees C. 60 degrees
B. 45 degrees D. 75 degrees
5. What is the type of oblique pictorial view where the dimension of the receding features of the
object is drawn half-scale?
A. Cabinet projection C. Isometric projection
B. Cavalier projection D. Orthographic projection

Reflection:
● Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:

> I understand that ________________________________.

> I realize that ____________________________________.

ANSWER KEY

PREPARED BY:

MARICON L. PRIETO
TLE 8 TEACHER
40
 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
APPLYING SAFETY PRACTICES
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

Lo1: Identifying hazardous area
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

Occupational Safety and Health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect
co-workers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers nearby communities, and other members
of the public who are affected by the workplace environment.

Occupational Health should aim to:

1. promote and maintain the highest degree of physical, mental and social well being of workers in
all occupations;
2. place and maintain the worker in an environment suitable to his physiological and psychological
capabilities;
3. protect workers from risk resulting from factors adverse to health; and
4. prevent workers from resignation due to health caused by poor working conditions.

The reasons for establishing good occupational safety and health standards are frequently identified
as:

 Moral – an employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others associated
with the work environment.
 Economic – many governments realize that poor occupation and health per result in cost to
the State (e.g. through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs for medical
treatment, and the loss of the “employability” of the worker). Economic studies human
welfare in terms of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
 Legal – Occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil law and/or
criminal law

41
 Safety Standards are standards designed to ensure the safety of products, activities or processes
and others.

OSHC Workplace Regulations

1. The place and all equipment and furnishings are maintained in thoroughly safe, clean and
hygienic condition and in good repair.
2. Keep the place free from rodents, cockroaches and other vermin.
3. Provide adequate facilities for hand washing, cleaning and disposing of waste.
4. Establish proper procedures for infection control.
5. Keep the floor area and free from waste, water and grease.
6. Keep cabinets dry, clean and close tightly.

PROCEDURE IN SETTING UP DRAWING TOOLS, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT AND STANDARD

PROCEDURE

In preparation for a required task in Mechanical Drafting, student should plan, prepare, and
select tools and materials for a particular drawing activity. This is to ensure the correct setting of
standard procedure and accuracy of drawings.

The drawing tools, materials and equipment are very expensive items; however, these are
important in all drafting tasks. Considering its cost and value in drafting activity, it is also important to
take care and maintain its usability.

With this, the following considerations are strictly emphasized as Standard Operating Procedure
during and after the utilization of the drafting tools, materials, and equipment:

A. Before the start of drafting activity:

1. Select the tools, materials and equipment needed in the assigned task.
2. Properly set up the required tools and materials in a place convenient for you to move and
execute your work.
3. Clean the table and tools, see to it that these are free from dust and other elements that
would cause damage to your work.

42
 4. Wash your hands with clean water.

TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS ARE READY FOR THE ASSIGNED TASK

WORKPLACEAND DRAWING TABLES ARE READY FOR ACTIVITY

B. ACTIVITY PROPER
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure per job requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are used in the activity.
3. In case errors or mistakes along the way (for instance misprinting of lines, letters, and other
forms of mistakes) use appropriate eraser.

43
 STUDENTS DURING THE ACTUAL DRAFTING ACTIVITY

C. AFTER THE ACTIVITY

1. Submit your output to your teacher for checking
2. Check all the tools and materials to ensure that nothing is lost.
3. Return the tools and materials to the tool keeper.
4. Withdraw your borrower’s card from the tool keeper and signed out that you have returned
the borrowed tools and materials.
5. Clean your work station before leaving.

44
 CHECKING OF THE RETURNED TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR PROPER SAFEKEEPING

CLEANING OF THE WORK STATION BEFORE LEAVING

Other important Practices that must be observed in the workstation or work place

There are important practices that must be observed in the work setting.

The following are:

1. Observe safety precautions:

a. Never smoke inside the work station.
b. Never use any tools and equipment without having it clean first.
c. Avoid talking with your co-students during working period.
d. Always turn off the lights, air condition, ceiling fan, computer units, and other equipment before
leaving the work station.
e. Maintain cleanliness in the work station.
f. Use tools and equipment properly.

2. Observe punctuality of attendance.

3. Avoid quarreling with your co-students.
4. Observe and practice the value of respect.
5. Return the borrowed tools and equipment on time.
6. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste.
KEEP YOUR WORKPLACE CLEAN AND ORGANIZED

It is important to consider safety measures whether in the industrial arts laboratory shop,
drafting room or in the home workshop. Good housekeeping is one of the sure ways to keep a safe
workplace. It is not the result of cleaning up once a week or even once a day. It is the result of keeping
the workplace cleaned-up all the time. It is an essential factor in a good safety program, promoting
safety, health, production, and morale.

Besides preventing accidents and injuries, good housekeeping saves space, time, and materials.
When a workplace is clean, orderly, and free of obstruction, work can get done safely and properly.
Workers feel better, think better, do better work, and increase the quantity and quality of their work.

Japanese companies innovated a productivity philosophy called "5S," which stands for five
Japanese words that refer to a methodology not only for cleaning, but for business. The 5S methodology

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is all about eliminating waste, speeding up daily tasks, and improving the quality of the workplace. You
can use the 5S methodology to help you organize your tasks at the end of every working day.

Seiri (Sorting)

Take out unnecessary items and dispose. Keep only the items you need at work, and discard or
store everything else.

Seiton (Set in Order)

"Set in order" means that there's a place for everything, and everything should be in its place.
Arrange necessary items in good order for use.

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Seiso (Sweeping)
At the end of each working day, take time to clean up your office space. Clean up any mess you
make.

Seiketsu (Standardizing)

Maintain high standard of housekeeping.

Shitsuke (Sustaining)

Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.

A systematic and productive workplace is not a one-day-affair just because somebody is
observing you.

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 The 5S system may sound simple, but it demands dedication and commitment. With 5S, you can
be sure to complete your cleaning tasks in your workshop in no time.

Since 1980’s, there were about 327,000 people employed in some type of drafting job. Nine out
of ten drafters work in industry. Many work in industries making machinery, electrical equipment, and
metal products. In the manufacturing sector most drafters work for engineering or architectural
consulting firms, construction companies, and public utilities. Some work in local governmental agencies.
In this case a student or an individual involved in this kind of work should consider the following facts in
the prevention of accidents and hazards.

The Department of Labor and Employment ( DOLE) and the Occupational Health and Safety
Standards (OHSS) issued D.O. 13, ss 1998, known as the Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and
Health in the Industry. It requires employers and establishments to use a safety sign where there is a
significant risk to health and safety that has not been avoided or controlled by the methods required
under other relevant law, provided the use of a sign can help reduce the risk.

ACCIDENT PREVENTION SIGNS AND SYMBOLS

General

Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is being performed, and shall
be removed or covered promptly when the hazard no longer exists.

Danger Signs
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 Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. It should be read as the
predominating color for the upper panel; outline on the borders ; and a white lower panel for additional
sign wording.

Caution Signs

Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against practices.

Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel and borders; yellow
lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for the additional sign wording.

Black lettering shall be used for additional wording.

Standard color of the background shall be yellow ; and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any
letter used against the yellow background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy
samples.

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Exit Signs

Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches high, on a
white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three fourths in width.

Safety Instructions Signs

Signs Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green upper panel with while letters to
convey the principal message. Any additional wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white
background.

Directional Signs
Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified shall be white with a black panel
and white directional symbol. Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.

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Traffic Signs
Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point hazard. All traffic control
signs or devices used for protection of construction workers shall conform to Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

Table shows other signs and symbols you have to follow at all times while doing your works inside and
outside the shop.

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52
Content Standard

Demonstrate understanding of/on:

 Occupational safety standards and enterprise safety policies.

 Practicing Proper Procedures in using drafting tools, materials and instrument
 Keeping Workplace Clean and organized following 5S
 Accident Prevention Signs and Symbols

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Performance Standard

1. Hazards are identified correctly in accordance with OHS procedures.

2. Safety signs and symbols are identified and adhered to in accordance with workplace safety
procedures.

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

 Identify terminologies used under Occupational safety standards and enterprise safety policies.
 Practice the proper procedures in using drafting tools, materials, and instrument at home.
 Value the importance of understanding different signs and symbols to prevent accidents and the
5S stage process.

Direction: Identify the following terms below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

_______________ 1. The standards designed to ensure the safety of products, activities or

processes and others.
_______________ 2. An employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others
associated with the work environment.
_______________ 3. Occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil law and/or
criminal law.
_______________ 4. A cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, and welfare of
people engaged in work or employment.
_______________ 5. It refers to human welfare in terms of the production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services.

Direction: : Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

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Direction: Match the different 5’s in Column A with illustrations or symbols in column B. Write only the
letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet of paper.

55
Direction: List down some of the pointers and considerations done before, during and after the activity in
preparation for a required task in Mechanical Drafting. Use separate sheet of paper.

56
Guide Questions (if necessary)

1. What are the preparations executed before, during and after doing a task?
2. What do we need to observe in performing the tasks?
3. What are the ways needs to be done to achieve excellent output in performing a drafting

tasks?

Assessment:
Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter of your choice on your answer
sheet.

1. Which of the following concerns protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in
work or employment?
A. OSH B. Workplace Regulation C. Library D. Drafting
2. Mr. Angelo needs to set up his drawing tools, materials and equipment for his project on drafting
subjects, what is the first step he needs to consider?
A. Select the tools, materials and equipment needed in the assigned task.
B. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure per job requirement.
C. Submit your output to your teacher for checking.
D. Do not submit and wait for teacher’s intervention.

57
3. Ms. Angela takes out unnecessary items in her working place and disposes and she keeps only
the items she needs at work, and discards or stores everything else. What 5S stage process she
performed?
A. Seiri B. Seiton C. Seiketsu D. Shitsuke

4. What signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists?

A. Danger sign B. Caution sign C. Exit sign D. Safety Instruction

5. What does OSH stand for?

A. Occupational Safety and Health
B. Occupation Safety and Health
C. Occupied Space and Hazard
D. Occupation Safety and Healthy

Reflection:
 Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:

 I understand that ___________________________.

 I realized that ______________________________.

References for learners:

K to 12 basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module:
MECHANICAL DRAFTING, pages 143 – 153

ANSWER KEY:

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 DepEd Learning Activity Sheet (LAS)

Name of Learner:____________________________________________
Grade Level:_______________________________________________
Section:___________________________________________________
Date: ____________________________________________________
APPLYING SAFETY PRACTICES
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Background Information for Learners:

LO1: Identifying Hazardous Area
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

There are many things that affect the health of a person, such as his environment, his
lifestyle, etc. Work is an important determinant of health. It can influence health in a positive or
in a negative way.
A place that is safe, healthy and work-conducive entails more productivity. In fact, with
a healthy workplace you will be doing more work with less effort.

Hazard is a term used to describe something that has the potential to cause harm.

Risk on the other hand, is a measure of the possibility of a specific harmful effect in
given circumstances. It is very important to know the difference between a hazard and a risk.
Types of workplace hazards

Safety hazards - Inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe workplace conditions,
unsafe work practices.

Biological hazards - Caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites.

Chemical hazards - Solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous chemicals, dust, fume or mist.

Ergonomic hazards - Anatomical, physiological, and psychological demands on the worker,

such as repetitive and forceful movements, vibration, extreme temperatures,
and awkward postures arising from improper work methods and improperly
designed workstations, tools, and equipment.

Physical hazards - Noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation and pressure.

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Psychological hazards - Those that are basically causing stress to a worker. This kind of
hazard troubles an individual very much to an extent that his general well-
being is affected.

What are examples of a hazard?

Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. General examples include any
substance, material, process, practice, etc that can cause harm or adverse health effect to a person under
certain conditions. See Table 1.

As shown in Table 1, workplace hazards also include practices or conditions that release uncontrolled
energy like:
● an object that could fall from a height (potential or gravitational energy),
● a run-away chemical reaction (chemical energy),
● the release of compressed gas or steam (pressure; high temperature),
● entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment (kinetic energy), or
● contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor (electrical energy).

LO2: Use Personal Protective Clothing and Devices

Select and use personal protective clothing and devices

Mechanical Drafting requires headwork and must be done in quiet surroundings. But sometimes
they are also going outside to see the actual project site they are developing and planning for. They have
to think and explore other design that will fit the needs of present technology. In this case they must be
aware of using the PPE.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

60
 Using personal protective equipment (PPE) helps to prevent the transmission of communicable
diseases between patients and health care providers. It can also help to prevent the contamination of
exposed wounds or sores from germs or bacteria that can travel from a health care provider to the
patient. Knowing how to properly use PPE can help to ensure the safety and well-being of health care
providers and emergency responders.
Engineering and administrative controls are not exempted in the different hazardous things
normally happened in the workplace; the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) protects workers
from injury. Personal Protective Equipment must be used and worn in many work situations in order to
protect employees from harm.
TYPES AND USES

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Personal Protective Equipment Inspection Checklist
Here are some requirements with which workplaces must abide :
Assessments
A hazard assessment will identify when PPE needs to be used, in what∙ circumstances, and who
must wear it.
Maintenance
● The equipment should be well maintained and stored correctly. It must be repaired or replaced
when necessary.
● Protective helmets must be worn where there is a risk of falling debris.
● Aprons, gloves and shields are necessary where there is possible spillage or splashes of chemical,
blood or other hazardous material.
● Protective, steel-toe boots should be worn where there is a risk of damage to a worker's feet.
● Goggles or other eye-protection devices should be worn whenever there is a danger of the eyes
being splashed or damaged in the course of work.

Compliance
● Safety boots or head-protection equipment is worn, it must comply with the Standards Safety
Requirements.
● A respirator may be required in some workplaces.
● Eye wash material will need to be kept on the site where there is a danger of splashes in the
eyes. Where PPE such as goggles or safety helmets are required, a notice to this effect should be
posted at the entrance to the workplace.

Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates understanding of/on:
● Interpreting workplace hazards
● Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment for different drawing operations.

Performance Standard:
3. Hazards are identified correctly in accordance with OHS procedures.
4. Personal Protective Equipment are identified as per job requirement and properly
observed in accordance with workplace safety policies.

Most Essential Learning Competency with Code:

Apply Safety Practices
⮚ Explain the difference of hazard from risk and identify the types of workplace
hazards.
⮚ Select appropriate PPE in accordance with the job requirement.

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
● Explain what hazard is and differentiate the types of workplace hazards.
● Make a simple illustration of the possible effect brought by a hazard/s.
● Appreciate the importance of hazard and risk assessment and the use of PPE.

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EXERCI
Match the picture in Column A. with the types of hazard in Column B. Write only the
SE
letter of your answer.
1 COLUMN A. COLUMN B.

A. Chemical Hazard
1.

B. Ergonomic Hazard
2.

C. Psychological Hazard

5.

D. Biological Hazard

3.

E. Physical Hazard

6.

EXERCI
SE Identify the following Personal Protective Equipment PPE as shown below:

2 63
 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

EXERCI
SE Draw a if the statement is True and if the statement is False.

3
_____ 1. Protective helmets must be worn only where there is a risk of falling debris.
_____ 2. The equipment should be well maintained and stored correctly.
_____ 3. A respirator may be required in all workplaces.
_____ 4. Aprons, gloves and shields are necessary where there is possible spillage or splashes of
chemical, blood or other hazardous material.
_____ 5. Mechanical Drafting requires headwork and must be done in quiet surroundings.

LET’S DO IT!
ACTIVIT Choose a type of hazard and make an illustration of the possible effect of
Y that hazard. Write a simple explanation of your work. Do not copy the example
provided below, instead use it as your guide. Read the rubrics below. ( To be
1 done in long bond paper)

64
NAME: EFFECT OF A HAZARD

WEEK 8 / DATE:

TYPE OF HAZARD: Ergonomic

POSSIBLE EFFECT: Poor

ergonomic contributes
muscle strain, muscle
imbalances,
fatigue or worse you
might develop
musculoskeletal
disorder.

PREVENTION: Always observe good

ergonomic
position and encourage
short &break
GRADE SECTION:
to relax and stretch.

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Guide Questions (if necessary)
1. Why hazard assessment and risk management are important?
2. When should PPE be used and how does it protect the workers?

ASSESSMENT
Direction: Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write only the letter of your
answer.

1. What kind of PPE is to protect our limbs and body from metal dusts, flaming combustion, flying chips,
minute particles and stray metallic objects from abrasive wheels, drills and cutting tools?
A. Cover all B. Protective Headgear C. Safety goggles D. Safety shoes

2. What type of hazard brought stress to a worker and troubles an individual very much to an extent that
his general well-being is affected?
A. Safety Hazard B. Psychological Hazard C. Physical Hazard D. Biological Hazard

3. Which of the following refers to a protective covering for the hands, usually with separate divisions for
the fingers and for the thumb?
A. Apron B. Gloves C. Goggles D. Potholder

4. Which term is used to describe something that has the potential to cause harm?
A. Hazard B. Danger C. Risk D. Condition

5. What protective instrument is used for the eyes with transparent eyepieces?
A. Cover all B. Protective Headgear C. Safety goggles D. Safety shoes

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Reflection:
● Write your personal insights about the lesson in your reflection notebook by using the prompt
below:
> I understand that ________________________________.
> I realize that ____________________________________.

References for learners

Module in Mechanical Drafting Exploratory Course for Grade 7 and 8
https://www.google.com/search?q=ergonomics&tbm=isch&hl=en-
US&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH922PH922&sa=X&ved=0CB0QtI8BKABqFwoTCOiside8-
O4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAW&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=7BBa9-cSS9QbIM
https://www.google.com/search?q=biological+hazard+cartoons&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiA3ZvSvfjuAhU
WEKYKHbK7CWYQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=biological+hazard+cartoons&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoHCAAQsQMQQzoCCAA6BAgAEEM6
BAgAEB46BggAEAgQHjoECAAQGDoGCAAQChAYUMk1WLpIYJdLaABwAHgAgAG6AYgBsAiSAQM0LjWYAQC
gAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=4gIxYIDkJ5agmAWy96awBg&bih=657&biw=1349&rlz
=1C1CHBF_enPH922PH922&hl=en-US#imgrc=IPHdZkdwO-qADM
https://www.google.com/search?q=chemical+hazard+cartoon&tbm=isch&hl=en-
US&chips=q:exposure+chemical+hazard+cartoon,online_chips:exposure,online_chips:hazardous+materia
ls&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH922PH922&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQ0Z38wvjuAhXBA6YKHdrfBP0Q4lYoAHoECAEQH
A&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=5C8YaZgrfw4aYM&imgdii=qpU5c_xtCupkYM
https://www.google.com/search?q=psychological%20hazard%20clipart&tbm=isch&hl=en-
US&rlz=1C1CHBF_enPH922PH922&sa=X&ved=0CB0QtI8BKABqFwoTCIC-rp_F-
O4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAM&biw=1349&bih=657#imgrc=ew1dInD2WHEPqM
KEY TO OVERALL/
C CORRECTION
A SS 5
Activity: see GOOGLES/GLA
E 4.
attached rubrics SAFETY
D 3.
B Prepared by: E HEAD GEAR
PROTECTIV 2.
EXERCISE 1 MARY GRACE A.
EXERCISE 2 1.
FLORES
EXERCISE 3
Grade 8 TLE Teacher

67