Chapter 9. Air Compressor: Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (3110006)

SHROFF S. R.
ROTARY INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (SRICT)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.
Chapter 9. Air Compressor
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (3110006)

Outline
Chapter 9. Air Compressor

9.1 Introduction
9.2 Application
9.3 Classification of Compressor
9.4 Reciprocating Compressor
9.5 Centrifugal Compressor
9.6 Axial Compressor
Rotary air compressor
 In rotary air compressor, the air is entrapped between two sets of

engaging surface and the pressure of air is increased by
squeezing action or backflow of air .
 Following types of rotary air compressor are important from the

subject point of view.
 Centrifugal blower compressor;
 Axial flow compressor.
 Vane blower compressor;
 Roots blower compressor;
Centrifugal Compressor
 It consists of an impeller. It carries a large number of radial vanes or

blades are mounted on the compressor shaft.
 The impeller is shrouded by means of the casing. It surrounds the

impeller in such a way that it forms the diverging passages for the
air. Air coming out of the diffuser is collected in the compressor.
 Air at low velocity and atmospheric pressure enters the compressor

through eye. It flows radially outward through the impeller blades.
This air is subjected to a centrifugal force while passing through the
impeller. The pressure and velocity increases in the impeller.
Diffuser blades reduced the velocity of air to increase its pressure.
 It is found that, nearly half the pressure of the air is developed in the
impeller and the remaining half in the diffuse
Axial Flow Compressors
Fig. Axial Flow Compressors

Axial Flow Compressors
 An axial flow air compressor, in its simplest form, consists of a

number of rotor rows. Which are fixed to a rotating drum. The
drum rotates inside an air tight casing which contain number of
stator rows.
 The mechanical energy is provided to the rotating shaft, which

rotates the drum. The air enters from the left side of the
compressor.
 As the drum rotates, the air flows through the alternately

arranged stator and rotor. Rotors increases the velocity of air,
while stator converts the kinetic energy of air in to pressure
energy.
 As the air flows from one set of stator and rotor to another, it
gets compressed. Thus successive compression of the air, in all
the sets of stator and rotor, the air is delivered at a high
pressure at the outlet point.
Vane Blower Compressor
Fig. Vane Blower Compressor

Vane Blower Compressor
 A vane blower consists of a disc rotating eccentrically in an air

tight casing with inlet and outlet ports. The rotor has a number of
slots containing vanes. When the rotor rotates, the vanes are
pressed against the casing due to centrifugal force, and form air
tight pockets.
 As the rotor rotates, the air is trapped from suction side in the
pocket formed between the vanes and casing. Trapped air
compressed while moving to exit side.
 Thus the pressure of air, entrapped in the pocket, is increased first

by decreasing the volume.
 When the rotating vane uncovers the exit port, high pressure is
delivered from the receiver.
Roots Blower Compressor
Fig. Roots Blower Compressor

Roots Blower Compressor
 A roots blower compressor, in its simplest form, consists of two or

three lobes rotating in an air tight casing which has inlet and outlet
ports. The lobes are so designed that they provide an air tight joint at
the point of their contact. The profile of lobe is cycloid or involute type
 The mechanical energy is provided to one of the rotors from some

eternal source, while the other is gear driven from the first. As the
rotors rotate, the air, at atmospheric pressure, is trapped in the
pockets formed between the lobes and casing. The rotary motion of
the lobes delivers the entrapped air into the receiver.
 When rotating lobe uncovers the exit port, some air also flows back
into the pocket from the receiver. It is known as backflow process.
The air, which flows from the receiver to the pocket, get mixed up
with the entrapped air. The backflow of air continues, till the pressure
in the pocket and receiver is equalized. Thus the pressure of air
entrapped in the pocket is increased at constant volume.

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SHROFF S. R.

ROTARY INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY (SRICT)

Chapter 9. Air Compressor

Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (3110006)

Chapter 9. Air Compressor

 In rotary air compressor, the air is entrapped between two sets of

 Following types of rotary air compressor are important from the

 It consists of an impeller. It carries a large number of radial vanes or

 The impeller is shrouded by means of the casing. It surrounds the

 Air at low velocity and atmospheric pressure enters the compressor

Fig. Axial Flow Compressors

 An axial flow air compressor, in its simplest form, consists of a

 The mechanical energy is provided to the rotating shaft, which

 As the drum rotates, the air flows through the alternately

Fig. Vane Blower Compressor

 A vane blower consists of a disc rotating eccentrically in an air

 Thus the pressure of air, entrapped in the pocket, is increased first

Fig. Roots Blower Compressor

 A roots blower compressor, in its simplest form, consists of two or

 The mechanical energy is provided to one of the rotors from some

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