BIOT – SAVART’S LAW MAGNETIC FIELD MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER CURRENT CARRYING LOOP

AS MAGNETIC DIPOLE
It works on the principle that a current carrying Coil
The Biot – Savart law gives the The Region around a magnet in
in uniform magnetic Field, experience a Torque. The Current Carrying Coil behaves
Relationship of magnetic field which its magnetic influence can
as a bar magnet and magnetic
at any point with current be experienced

is called magnetic . Torque - τ = nBiA
moment of Such Coil Can be
Carrying element. Field. (B ) n = Number of coils F
expressed as M = niA ,
. S.I unit Tesla ( T ). A = Area
µo id sinθ re n = Number of Coils
dB = Y . Denote Coming out. Co S
4π r2 θ
. Restoring Torque = τ = Kφ A = Area
idl . Denote going into the paper. x φ = Deflection
Current r
In vector form : P dB F
element
l . In Equillibrium = τ = nBiA = Kφ F = nBil

 µ0 i dl × r
Current
i
FLEMING'S LEFT-HAND RULE RIGHT-HAND RULE i =K φ Magnetic →

4π ∫ r 3
B moment M
Force
B= nBA
If we stretch our finger’s Current Holding a currant carrying
like Image, then our thumb conductor in right hand in φ nBA
X Current sensitivity : Si = =
µ0 = 4π x 10-7 T.m/A Magnetic field
gives direction Force, Index such a way that thumb Points i K
finger gives direction of in the direction of current
Magnetic Field & Middle and curling finger’s gives φ Si nBA
Voltage sensitivity : S V = = =
current Finger gives current. direction of magnetic field. V R KR
AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW Clockwise Anti-clockwise
ATOMIC MAGNETISM Direction of current in Coil show’s
This Law states that the line
integral of magnetic field B
 B
θ
MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM When an electron revolves in a Polarity
around a closed loop is equal to i5 bounded orbit around nucleus,
µ0 times the net current enclosed i1
i3 due to its movement it behaves
  Orbital Current
by the loop. φ B . dl = µ i o ∑ enclosed
i2 Lorentz force Bohr Magneton as a current carrying loop and
Produce magnetic Field. This is v
i4 When a charge particle of charge q The magnetic moment associated The orbital Current generated
MAGNETIC FIELD OF TOROID : Known as Atomic Magnetism. by electron revolving around ACW
with an electron which is revolving
B = µ0ni ; Here, n = N MAGNETIC FIELD OF LONG
moves with velocity in presence of
nucleus − eω +Ze
2πr SOLENOID :
electric field E and Magnetic Field B in First orbit of an atom. I= r +
FLorentz = qE + q ( V x B ) It is represented as:-
Relation Between Magnetic Moment 2π Fe
e–
r = average radius and Angular Momentum of Charge ω is angular velocity of
N = Total number of eh Particle I(current)
µB = = 0.923 × 10 −23 Am2 electron.
turns in toroid. N S
4 πm qL M q
MAGNETIC FORCE ON A M= = =
MOVING CHARGED PARTICLE e = electronic charge 2m L 2m Magnetic Induction at Nucleus Position
Winding where, µoI µo ew
B = µ0ni m = mass of electron B= =
Core → M = Magnetic Moment 2r 4 πr
rr
n = Number of turn's per F (Force vector) h = Planck & Constant L = mvr – Angular Momentum
unit length. r = orbital Radius, I = orbital current
i m = mass of particle.
i = Current flowing Magnetic Moment circular orbit
→
B B
Torque Acting on current Carrying ewr 2 evr
Case 2: x x
x v
x x x x
M = IA = = , A = Area of orbit.
When charge x F
v x x Coil: 2 2
v F x x
F
MAGNETIC FIELD OF SOME SPECIAL θ →
v
Particle moving x
x F
x x τ = NBiA Sinθ
q F x x
CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTORS charge
Perpendicular x x v
x x
N = Number of turns Work done in Rotating a coil Potential Energy of a Coil
+q
    to magnetic Field:- x x v
o
x x A = Area , I = current
 
placed in magnetic Field: Placed in Magnetic Field:
Shape of current Formula Special case F = q(V × B) , F = q VB Sinθ Magnetic Force – x x x x x x
Magnetic moment − M = iA
carrying conductor F = qvB Sin900 = qvB    W = MB ( 1 - Cosθ ) U = - MB Cosθ
θ = Angle between direction of  
Y
 µ i mv 2 mV ∴τ = M × B P B Here, M = Magnetic Moment
= − M.B
For infinitely motion of charge and magnetic Field. ∴ = q vB ⇒ r =
φ2
P B = o (Sinφ1 + Sinφ2 ) n r qB of coil.
φ1 4 πr long conductor. . Power delivered by Magnetic Force S n
r mV
Radius of circular- Path r =
i
B = µ0 i n to Charged Particle is always zero.
v

    2πm qB
X
i 2πr P = F . V = υ [∴ (F ⊥ V) Time period – T = Q
 µ i qB
θ  y R
B= o ( o )n For Semicircular Path of charged particle in External Case 3:
2r 360 v v ⊥

θ arc. Magnetic Field:-

r
B When charge MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT Force between two Parallel
B = µ0 i n
v
0 Current Carrying Conductor’ s
Particle is moving
Case 1: µ ii
4r When charged
in any orbitary
z
q
+
χ Force on current carrying F1 = F2 = F = o 1 2 × L
 µ i direction with conductor in magnetic field 2 πa
B = o n
r
r = radius of Coil. particle is moving v respect to Magnetic a = distance between two
O
B 2r parallel or
pitch
radius In uniform Magnetic Field the
Field:- Magnetic Force Helical motion wires.
i antiparallel to 
 total force acting on conductor
F = q (V × B) = qvB sin θ L = Length of wires.
magnetic Field: of Length L is expressed as,
 µoir 2 X = distance Magnetic Force F = qvB sinθ = 0 Charge particle follow Helical path.    dF i1 i2
r B= from the center Radius of Helix – r = mV Sin θ = mV⊥ F = i(L × B) = iLB Sin θ →
P
B 2(x 2 + r 2 )3/ 2 Charge Particle move un – deviated qB qB i B
O x of coil. 2 πr θ = Angle made by current a
dl
Radius of Path is r = Time Period – T =
8

i
qB direction with magnetic Field.

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001