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Chemistry Project MG

Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is obtained through reducing magnesium oxide with silicon or electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride. Magnesium forms compounds by bonding with oxygen or chlorine. It is an essential nutrient for all living organisms and is used in many lightweight alloys and industrial processes. When combined with other elements like aluminum or calcium, magnesium composites have improved mechanical properties useful for building materials. Magnesium is highly recyclable and requires less energy to produce than primary magnesium.

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Pirvu Valentina
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43 views

Chemistry Project MG

Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is obtained through reducing magnesium oxide with silicon or electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride. Magnesium forms compounds by bonding with oxygen or chlorine. It is an essential nutrient for all living organisms and is used in many lightweight alloys and industrial processes. When combined with other elements like aluminum or calcium, magnesium composites have improved mechanical properties useful for building materials. Magnesium is highly recyclable and requires less energy to produce than primary magnesium.

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Pirvu Valentina
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TECHNICAL UNIVERCITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING OF BUCHAREST

Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages – FILS

Student Name: PIRVU VALENTINA Date: 27.01.2022

CHEMISTRY PROJECT

Element Mg
12

1. Introduction
 About the element: It was first produced in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy, who
evaporated mercury from a magnesium amalgam made by electrolyzing a
mixture of moist magnesia and mercuric oxide.
 Obtaining magnesium: Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the
Earth’s crust, but does not occur uncombined in nature. It is found in large
deposits in minerals such as magnesite and dolomite. The sea contains trillions of
tones of magnesium, and this is the source of much of the 850,000 tones now
produced each year. It is prepared by reducing magnesium oxide with silicon, or
by the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride
2. Properties:
1. Position in the Periodic Table of Elements:
-group 2
-period 3
- electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s2
-types of chemical bonding :
o Magnesium is able to bond with one oxygen atom. The formula of the compound
is MgO. You can see in the dot structure that the two atoms share four different electrons.
When a bond is made with four electrons, it is called a double bond. It is stronger than a
single bond which only uses two electrons.

2Mg+O2→2MgO

o Magnesium dichloride is commonly known as magnesium chloride. You can use either
name when talking about the compound. Since magnesium has two extra electrons it
looks around for elements which could use them. In this case, magnesium bonds with two
chlorine (atoms which each need one electron. With the additional electron, chlorine has
a filled shell and magnesium loses two electrons.

-types of chemical substances from the building materials fields:

o The action of hydrochloric acid on magnesium hydroxide produces T, MgCl2, a


colourless, deliquescent (water-absorbing) substance employed in magnesium metal
production, in the manufacture of a cement for heavy-duty flooring, and as an additive
in textile manufacture.

2. Others properties: Biological roles : The important interaction


between phosphate and magnesium ions makes magnesium essential to the
basic nucleic acid chemistry of all cells of all known living organisms. More than
300 enzymes require magnesium ions for their catalytic action, including all
enzymes using or synthesizing ATP and those that use other nucleotides to
synthesize DNA and RNA. The ATP molecule is normally found in a chelate with
a magnesium ion

Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car
seats, luggage, laptops, cameras and power tools. It is also added to molten iron
and steel to remove sulfur

Magnesium hydride is under investigation as a way to store hydrogen


Magnesium sulfite is used in the manufacture of paper (sulfite process).
Magnesium phosphate is used to fireproof wood used in construction.
Magnesium hexafluorosilicate is used for moth-proofing textiles.

3. The use of this element (combined with other elements) in Building Materials
Field
The materials formed by combining two or more different components
which act in synergy to generate a material having superior properties to
that of either of the components are called composite materials.
Mechanical properties are strengthened directly by the alloying elements
through precipitation hardening, grain-refinement strengthening and solid-
solution strengthening

 Examples: ALUMINUM: It has the most positive influence on


magnesium. It increases hardness and strength
CALCIUM: In equilibrium conditions, calcium is 1.34%
soluble in magnesium. It improves the mechanical and thermal properties
of magnesium alloy. Improves corrosion resistance, creep resistance and
grain refinement.
CERIUM: Only 0.2% of cerium is to be added to magnesium
for a significant elongation. Enhanced plastic deformation capability is
observed at recrystallization temperature due to the presence of cerium in
magnesium alloys, in extruded rods

 Recyclability: Magnesium is highly recyclable and therefore requires only


5-10 percent of the energy necessary for the manufacture of the primary
material. The availability of primary magnesium in combination with its
recyclability makes it a very sustainable material. An effective process for
recycling scrap magnesium could lead to a notable decrease in greenhouse
gas emissions. As magnesium use is increasing, particularly in the
automotive industry, the need for an effective and low cost recycling
process is growing

 Environmental impacts and benefits: Due to its widespread natural


occurrence and the way it is harvested and processed, magnesium is
considered the most eco-friendly and sustainable metal in the world.
Magnesium can be 100% recycled, and it dissolves naturally, leaving no
trace. On an environmental spectrum of 0 - 3 Magnesium oxide fume
registers 0.8. A score of 3 represents a very high hazard to the
environment and 0 a negligible hazard. Factors that are taken into account
to obtain this ranking include the extent of the material's toxic or
poisonous nature and/or its lack of toxicity, and the measure of its ability
to remain active in the environment and whether it accumulates in living
organisms. It does not take into exposure to the substance.

4. Bibliography: https://alliteinc.com/magnesium/
https://alliteinc.com/magnesium/
https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/12/magnesium
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium#Chemical_properties
https://www.britannica.com/science/magnesium
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213956721
https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/mg.htm#:~:text=Chemica

5. Application
Calculate the volume of NaOH 0.9N necessary for neutralization of 25 ml
solution HCL 0.8N.
NNaOH X VNaOH= NHCl X VHCl
0.8 x 25 = 0.9 x y=> y=0,8x25/0.9 => y=22.22222 ml

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