SECTION I: GRAMMAR

Choose the correct option.

1. The farther an object from the surface of a planet is, ______ .
A. it weighs the lesser B. the less it weights C. the less its weight D. it weighs less

2. Portland, the largest city in Oregon and seat of Multnomah County, is located in northern part of the state on the Willamette
River.
A. the B. seat C. northern D. on

3. Erin Billy won the Lucise Prize of poetry in 1991 for the poem Crashing Alone.
A. won B. of C. for D. the poem

4. All architectural structures are designed to bear their own weight, ______ .
A. as well as that of the people and objects that use them B. also the people and objects that are using them
C. but the people and objects that use them D. additionally the people and objects that are used by them

5. According to the scientific method, a scientist must consider ______ outcome.

A. any outcome and to be a possible B. any outcome and the possible
C. any outcome a possibility D. any outcome a possible

6. According to all findings to date, the known universe consists almost entirely of the hydrogen.
A. findings B. to date C. known D. the hydrogen

7. The failures of a scientist, while often at first thought disastrous, are often as important than her successes.
A. failures B. at first thought C. as D. successes

8. Another misnomer is the so-called "sperm whale," ______ the liquid contained in its head, called spermaceti.
A. whose name comes B. whose name comes from C. which name comes from D. whose name come

9. An overly detailed ______ of the characters and setting of a novel can sometimes distract from the narrative quality of a
short story.
A. describe B. descriptive C. describing D. description

10. Maya Angelou, born Marguerite Johnson, is best known for her works of prose and poetries.
A. born B. for C. works D. poetries

11. Canadian Louis Stephen St. Laurent was among the first ______ the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
A. who was suggested the organization of countries that would later become
B. to suggest the organization of countries that would later become
C. people suggesting the countries organization that later became
D. of them to suggest the organization of countries to later become

12. The function of a biologist is both to describe organisms in minute detail also to understand why they behave as they do.
A. a biologist B. in minute detail C. also D. as they do

13. Canaries used to be used in mines to detect odorless, colorless, and poisonous gas--when the canary died, ______ was
present.
A. to mean poisonous gas B. it meant that poisonous gas
C. meaning the poisonous gas D. the poisonous gas meant it

14. Louise read the book very thorough, but she performed poorly on the test.
A. read B. thorough C. performed D. poorly

15. In contrast to theirs soft body and muscular feet, some mollusks have hard shells.
A. theirs B. feet C. mollusks D. shells
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16. Jackson Pollock, the twentieth-century American painter, was concerned ________ the connection between the
unconscious and artistic creativity.
A. on B. in C. with D. for

17. In 1963, Betty Friedan’s expose of domesticity, The Feminine Mystique, became an immediate bestseller and
creating a national sensation.
A. Friedan’s B. became C. an D. creating

18. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature.
A. receive B. received C. to receive D. she received

19. Two millions dollars on environment protection daily in some countries.

A. spends B. spent C. are spent D. is spent

20. Volcanoes are divided into three main groups, based on their shape and the type of material they ______.
A. are made B. made of C. are made of D. made for

21. When major food companies began widely using partially hydrogenated oils in the 1970s, they thought they were making
these products more healthful.
A. began widely B. oils C. they D. these

22. The norovirus causes illness 24 hours to 48 hours after exposure, and can cause a sickness that lasts to three days.
It is not life threatening. It can be passed through food or toughing infected surfaces.
A. causes B. that lasts to C. is not D. or

23. In 2002, 20 million people in the United States were reported have asthma – a chronic inflammatory lung disease
characterized by wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness and coughing.
A. were reported B. characterized by C. difficulty breathing D. coughing

24. Scientists have uncovered evidence for an innate satisfaction in human beings giving people their comeuppance.
A. uncovered B. for an C. in human D. giving

25. The Eiffel Tower was built the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution.
A. was built B. of C. commemorating D. the

26. Japan’s latitudinal spread, ranging from subtropical in the south to sub-arctic in the north, makes that a wide diversity of
flora and fauna.
A. latitudinal spread B. subtropical C. makes that D. wide diversity

27. Greece’s achievement in the 2004 Olympics raise anew the question of whether Athens should be the permanent home
of the Games.
A. achievement B. raise anew C. whether D. should be

28. E-book users tend to read more often than people who read only print material. In particular, they read more books. A
typical e-book users read 24 books in the past year, compared with the 15 books reported by typical non-e-book users.
A. than people who B. print material C. users D. with

29. There are now a dozen European nations that having had their economies shrink for two consecutive quarters, a
condition that generally equates to a recession.
A. a dozen B. having had C. consecutive D. that generally

30. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on Wednesday approved an update policy that makes it harder for
employers to use background checks to systematically rule out hiring anyone with a criminal conviction.
A. update B. harder C. background checks D. rule out.

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SECTION II: VOCABULARY
Choose the correct option.
21. The _____________ president differs from the past president on healthcare reform issues.
A. talkative B. accomplished C. artificial D. incumbent

22. The _____________ data supports the belief that there has been an increase in population in the county.
A. nominal B. demographic C. practical D. nocturnal

23. The _____________ collected from real estate taxes helped to balance the town budget.
A. domain B. remainder C. revenue D. assessment

24. She pretended to be _____________ about the new job opportunity, but secretly she was very excited.
A. dedicated B. receptive C. candid D. blasé

25. We were tired when we reached the _____________, but the spectacular view of the valley below was worth the hike.
A. circumference B. summit C. fulcrum D. nadir

26. The suit had a(n) _____________ odor, as if it had been stored in a trunk for a long time.
A. aged B. scented C. musty D. decrepit

27. Because his workplace was so busy and noisy, he longed most of all for _____________.
A. solitude B. association C. loneliness D. irrelevancy

28. The teacher put the crayons on the bottom shelf to make them _____________ to the young children.
A. accessible B. receptive C. eloquent D. ambiguous

29. My computer was state-of-the-art when I bought it three years ago, but now it is _____________.
A. current B. dedicated C. unnecessary D. outmoded

30. Visiting all the tea shops in the city, they were on a _____________ to find the perfect cup of tea.
A. surge B. quest C. discovery D. cadence

31. Make sure the directions are very explicit so that no one makes a mistake. Explicit means
A. intricate, complex. B. clearly and fully stated. C. chronologically ordered. D. ambiguous or implied.

32. The hotel is teeming with security personnel because the leaders of several countries are here for a summit meeting.
Teem means
A. to close down temporarily.
B. to lose business due to circumstances beyond one’s control.
C. to be full of, nearly overflowing.
D. to be under close scrutiny.

33. Karen was relieved to learn that the chemicals in her well water were all benign. Benign means
A. natural. B. dangerous. C. of local origin. D. harmless.

34. Although it was futile because he didn’t meet half of the requirements, Jensen applied for the job anyway because it was
his dream position. Futile means
A. useless. B. fruitful. C. radical. D. insane.

35. The editor, preferring a more terse writing style, cut 500 words from the 2,000-word article. Terse means
A. elegant. B. factual. C. descriptive. D. concise.

36. Victor Frankenstein spent the last years of his life chasing his elusive monster, who was always one step of his creator.
Elusive means
A. difficult to compare. B. difficult to capture. C. difficult to forget. D. difficult to avoid.

37. Xiu’s timely joke served to diffuse the tension in the room, and the rest of the meeting was highly productive. Diffuse means
A. to refuse. B. to intensify. C. to create. D. to soften.

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38. I completely lost track of Tula’s point because she kept digressing to unrelated topics. Digress means
A. to deviate, stray. B. to regress, revert. C. to change the tone. D. to express concisely.

39. The senator evaded the question by changing the subject and accusing his opponent of misconduct. Evade means
A. to escape or elude. B. to answer indirectly. C. to refuse to answer directly. D. to deceive.

40. Samantha hasn’t said why she’s been so withdrawn lately, but I would surmise that it is because she is still upset about
not being able to go to camp. Surmise means
A. to confirm. B. to surprise. C. to believe. D. to guess.

41. Antecedent means

A. fighting against. B. looking after. C. coming before. D. under the authority of.

42. Multifaceted means

A. two-faced. B. many sided. C. uniform. D. cut into parts.

43. Circumspect means

A. relating to the circus. B. to examine thoroughly.
C. put forth in writing. D. looking around carefully.

44. Consensus means

A. general agreement by a group. B. an individual opinion.
C. a counting of individuals. D. to issue a warning.

45. Supercilious means

A. less than the norm, disappointing. B. exactly as expected.
C. speaking in a measured, exact tone. D. haughty, with an air of superiority.

46. To presage means

A. to warn in advance. B. to send a message. C. to pressure. D. to age gracefully.

47. Dubious means

A. one who doubts, a nonbeliever. B. to doubt or question.
C. doubtful, questionable. D. to be uncertain.

48. Agrarian means

A. incapable of making a decision. B. to cultivate.
C. to be out of date. D. relating to land or land ownership.

49. Parity means

A. to make equal in status, amount, or degree.
B. the state of being equal in status, amount, or degree.
C. one who is equal in status, amount, or degree.
D. the act of making someone or something equal in status, amount, or degree.

50. Galvanize means

A. to be active or aware. B. the state of becoming active or aware.
C. one who becomes active or aware. D. to cause to become active or aware.

SECTION III: READING

A. Each paragraph is followed by three statements. Select the statement that best expresses the main idea.

51. In Africa, music is usually performed outdoors. There is spontaneous music making as well as performances by
social and music groups at ceremonies and feasts. There is no musical notation (written music). African music
tradition, like folklore and history, is transmitted orally. Music is a social activity in which almost everyone
participates. Clearly, African music has several interesting characteristics.
A. In Africa, music is usually performed outdoors.
B. There is no musical notation (written music).
C. Clearly, African music has several interesting characteristics.
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52. High achievement motivation affects people's choice of occupation and job success. (High achievement motivation
refers to the psychological need for success in school, sports, occupations, or other competitive situations.) People
with high achievement motivation often go into occupations that provide rewards for individual achievement, such
as sales, engineering, architecture, or law. Moreover, people with high achievement motivation tend to go into
occupations that realistically match their abilities. For this reason, they have little anxiety or fear of failure. And when
success is achieved, they enjoy the fruit of their labor more than the average person.
A. High achievement motivation affects people's choice of occupation and job success.
B. Moreover, people with high achievement motivation tend to go into occupations that realistically match their
abilities.
C. For this reason, they have little anxiety or fear of failure.

53. Democracy comes from the Greek word demos, which means "the people," and kratia, meaning "to rule." The term
democracy refers to a form of government in which the people govern, either directly or through elected
representatives. In other words, it is a set of rules for determining who will exercise the authority of government.
A. The term democracy refers to a form of government in which the people govern, either directly or through
elected representatives.
B. the meaning of the term democracy
C. In other words, it is a set of rules for determining who will exercise the authority of government.

54. Some believe that Americans have become merely consumers of material goods who no longer care about helping
others. This image is false, however. An estimated 90 million Americans volunteer, and the monetary value of their
volunteer time is estimated at $200 billion a year. Many of these volunteers serve on committees, baby-sit, sing in
church choirs, coach, and lead scout troops. More than 1.5 million of these volunteers provide fire protection and
ambulance service without pay.
A. Some believe that Americans have become merely consumers of material goods who no longer care about
helping others.
B. This image is false, however.
C. An estimated 90 million Americans volunteer, and the monetary value of their volunteer time is estimated at
$200 billion a year.

55. Is it an ant, you wonder, or a termite? Ants resemble termites, but they are quite different and can be easily
distinguished. In contrast to termites, ants are usually dark in color, are hard bodied, and have constriction between
the thorax and abdomen. Also, ants and termites belong to different orders.
A. Is it an ant, you wonder, or a termite?
B. Ants resemble termites, but they are quite different and can be easily distinguished.
C. Also, ants and termites belong to different orders.

56. Adolescents tend to choose friends who are like them, and friends influence each other to become even more alike.
Friends are usually the same race and have similar status within the peer group. Male adolescents tend to have
many friends, but the friendships are rarely close ones. Among teenage girls, friendships are fewer but much closer,
and they provide a great deal of emotional support.
A. Adolescents tend to choose friends who are like them, and friends influence each other to become even
more alike.
B. Friends are usually the same race, and have similar status within the peer group.
C. Male adolescents tend to have many friends, but the friendships are rarely close ones.

57. Halley’s Comet is unquestionably the most famous of all the comets. Some historians believe that Halley’s Comet is
the Christmas star, or star of Bethlehem, depicted in nativity scenes. Almost everyone recognizes the comet’ name
and many people are truly surprised to learn that Halley’s Comet is just one of many comets that ride through the
sky. Half of a dozen or more are seen every year. Two or three of these are on well-predicted return visits. But
Halley’s is well-known because it is one of the few that is bright enough to be seen easily with the naked eyes. Also,
some people have the opportunity to see the comet twice in their lifetime.
A. Many people have never seen a comet.
B. Halley’s Comet is the most famous and well-known because it is bright enough to be easily seen.
C. All comets have unpredicted orbits.
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 58. The Wall Street crash marked the beginning of the depression, but it did not cause it. The depression stemmed
from weaknesses in the New Era economy. Most damaging was the unequal distribution of wealth and income.
Worker’s wages and farmers’ incomes had fallen far behind industrial productivity and corporate profits; by 1929,
the richest 0.1 percent of American families had a much total income as the bottom 42 percent. With more than half
the nation’s people living at or below the subsistence level, there was not enough purchasing power to maintain the
economy.
A. Not only did the Wall Street crash mark the beginning of the depression, but it was also the major cause.
B. Before the depression, the richest 0.1 percent of Americans had a total income greater than 42 percent of all
other Americans.
C. In 1929, the workers and farmers made less than corporate profits – thus causing the Wall Street crash.

B. Find information in the passage below and answer all the questions provided.

Passage 1

With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the sea anemone looks more like a flower than an
animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is formed quite like the flower for which it is
named, with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green,
pink, and red its diameter varies from about six millimeters in some species to more than
ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea
anemones are coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more often they attach the lower
part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. The upper end of the sea
anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal uses to capture its food.
Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze other small sea
animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into the sea anemone's mouth. The food is
digested in the large inner body cavity. When disturbed a sea anemone retracts its tentacles
and shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by
forming eggs, dividing in half or developing buds that grow and break off as independent
animals.

59. The word "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Length (B) Grace (C) Form (D) Nature

60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true of sea anemones?
(A) They are usually tiny. (B) They have flexible bodies.
(C) They are related to jellyfish. (D) They are usually brightly colored.

61. It can be inferred from the passage that sea anemones are usually found
(A) attached to stationary surfaces (B) hidden inside cylindrical objects
(C) floating among underwater flowers (D) chasing prey around wharf pilings

62. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Catch (B) Control (C) Cover (D) Clean

63. The word "disturbed" in line 11 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Bothered (B) Hungry (C) Tired (D) Sick

64. The sea anemone reproduces by

(A) budding only (B) forming eggs only
(C) budding or dividing only (D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing

65. Where does the author mention the sea anemone's food - gathering technique
(A) Lines 1-2 (B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 7-10 (D) Lines 11-13
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 Passage 2

Steamships were first introduced into the United States in 1807, and John Molson built
the first steamship in Canada (then called British North America) in 1809. By the 1830's
dozens of steam vessels were in use in Canada. They offered the traveler reliable
transportation in comfortable facilities-a welcome alternative to stagecoach travel, which at
the best of times could only be described as wretched. This commitment to dependable river
transport became entrenched with the investment of millions of dollars for the improvement
of waterways, which included the construction of canals and lock systems. The Lachine and
Welland canals, two of the most important systems, were opened in 1825 and 1829,
respectively. By the time that Upper and Lower Canada were united into the Province of
Canada in 1841, the public debt for canals was more than one hundred dollars per capita, an
enormous sum for the time. But it may not seem such a great amount if we consider that
improvements allowed steamboats to remain practical for most commercial transport in
Canada until the mid- nineteenth century.

66. What is the main purpose of the passage?

(A) To contrast travel by steamship and stagecoach
(B) To criticize the level of public debt in nineteenth - century Canada -
(C) To describe the introduction of steamships in Canada
(D) To show how Canada surpassed the United States in transportation improvements

67. The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in meaning to which of the following
(A) Quick (B) Safe (C) Dependable (D) Luxurious

68. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about stagecoach travel in Canada in the 1831's?
(A) It was reasonably comfortable. (B) It was extremely efficient.
(C) It was not popular. (D) It was very practical.

C. Read the text below and answer Questions 69-75.

London to Brighton Bike Ride

The start
The bike ride starts at Clapham Common tube station.
• Your Start Time is indicated by the colour of your body number in this pack. It is also printed on the address label of the
envelope. Please arrive no earlier than 30 minutes before that time.
• We allocate an equal number of cyclists for each Start Time to ensure a steady flow. Please keep to the time you've
been given so we can keep to our schedule and avoid delaying other riders and prevent 'bunching' further down the
route.
• An Information Point, toilets and refreshment stands will be open from very early in the day.

Ride carefully
We put together as many facilities as possible to help ensure you have a troublefree day. But we also rely on you to
ride safely and with due consideration for other cyclists and road users. Although many roads are closed to oncoming
traffic, this is not always the case and you should be aware of the possibility that there could be vehicles coming in
the opposite direction. Please do not attempt reckless overtaking whilst riding – remember it is NOT a race.

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Follow all instructions
Every effort is made to ensure that the route is well signed and marshalled. Please obey all directions from police and
marshals on the route. If you hear a motorcycle marshal blow his/her whistle three times, move left.

Wear a helmet
Every year we are delighted to see more riders wearing protective helmets, but we would like to see every cyclist on
the ride wearing one. More than half of reported injuries in cycling accidents are to the head, and a helmet gives the
best protection when the head hits the ground.

Attracting assistance
If you have an accident, ask a marshal for help; they are in contact with the
support/emergency services. To call for help from our motorcycle marshals, give a 'thumbs down' signal. The marshal
will do all he/she can to help, providing he/she is not already going to a more serious accident. If a motorcycle
marshal slows down to help you, but you have just stopped for a rest and don't need help, please give a 'thumbs up'
signal and he/she will carry on. Remember – thumbs down means 'I need help'.

In case of breakdown
Refer to your route map and make your way to a Mechanics Point. Mechanical assistance is free when you show
your Rider Identity Card; you just pay for the parts.

Refreshment stops
Look out for these along the route. Most are organised by voluntary clubs and their prices give you real value for
money. They are also raising money for their local communities and the British Heart Foundation, so please give
them your support.

Rain or shine – be prepared

In the event of very bad weather, watch out for signs to wet weather stations en route. Good waterproofs, like a cycle
cape, are essential. Our first aid staff can only supply bin liners and by the time you get one you may be very wet.
However, the English summer is unpredictable – it may also be hot, so don't forget the sun protection cream as well!

If you have to drop out

We will try to pick up your bike for you on the day. Call Bike Events (01225 310859) no more than two weeks after
the ride to arrange collection. Sorry, we cannot guarantee this service nor can we accept liability for any loss or
damage to your bike. Bike Events will hold your bike for three months, after which it may be disposed of. You will be
charged for all costs incurred in returning your cycle.

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
- TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
- FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
- NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

69. You should not arrive more than half an hour before your allocated starting time.
70. Your Rider Identity Card will be sent to you before the event.
71. Some roads may have normal traffic flow on them.
72. Helmets are compulsory for all participants.
73. Refreshments are free to all participants during the ride.
74. If you need a rest you must get off the road.
75. First aid staff can provide cycle capes.

This is the end of the test!

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