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    Tokugawa Order Reading

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    Vishal Rollno 4004
    During the 1500s, Japan was torn apart by warfare between feudal lords, but Tokugawa Ieyasu consolidated power after winning the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He established the Tokugawa shogunate, which would rule Japan for over 250 years. The Tokugawa regime focused on restoring order and stability by limiting the power of individual lords and banning Christianity after a rebellion. They also closed Japan off from foreign influence through isolationist policies between 1636-1853. The Tokugawa period saw economic growth, the rise of a merchant class in cities, and the emergence of Kabuki theater and other arts.

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    Tokugawa Order Reading

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Rollno 4004
    17 views2 pages
    During the 1500s, Japan was torn apart by warfare between feudal lords, but Tokugawa Ieyasu consolidated power after winning the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He established the Tokugawa shogunate, which would rule Japan for over 250 years. The Tokugawa regime focused on restoring order and stability by limiting the power of individual lords and banning Christianity after a rebellion. They also closed Japan off from foreign influence through isolationist policies between 1636-1853. The Tokugawa period saw economic growth, the rise of a merchant class in cities, and the emergence of Kabuki theater and other arts.

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    During the 1500s, Japan was torn apart by warfare between feudal lords, but Tokugawa Ieyasu consolidated power after winning the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He established the Tokugawa shogunate, which would rule Japan for over 250 years. The Tokugawa regime focused on restoring order and stability by limiting the power of individual lords and banning Christianity after a rebellion. They also closed Japan off from foreign influence through isolationist policies between 1636-1853. The Tokugawa period saw economic growth, the rise of a merchant class in cities, and the emergence of Kabuki theater and other arts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views2 pages

    Tokugawa Order Reading

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Rollno 4004
    During the 1500s, Japan was torn apart by warfare between feudal lords, but Tokugawa Ieyasu consolidated power after winning the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He established the Tokugawa shogunate, which would rule Japan for over 250 years. The Tokugawa regime focused on restoring order and stability by limiting the power of individual lords and banning Christianity after a rebellion. They also closed Japan off from foreign influence through isolationist policies between 1636-1853. The Tokugawa period saw economic growth, the rise of a merchant class in cities, and the emergence of Kabuki theater and other arts.

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    Background & Rise of Tokugawa Shogunate

    During the 1500s, power was decentralized in Japan, which was torn apart by warfare
    between competing feudal lords (daimyo) for nearly a century. Following his victory in
    the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, however, Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616) swiftly
    consolidated power from his heavily fortified castle at Edo (now Tokyo). The prestigious
    but largely powerless imperial court named Ieyasu as shogun (or supreme military
    leader) in 1603, beginning a dynasty that would rule Japan for the next two-and-a-half
    centuries.

    From the beginning, the Tokugawa regime focused on reestablishing order in social,
    political and international affairs after a century of warfare. The political structure,
    established by Ieyasu and solidified under his two immediate successors, his son
    Hidetada (who ruled from 1616-23) and grandson Iemitsu (1623-51), bound all daimyos
    to the shogunate and limited any individual daimyo from acquiring too much land or
    power.

    Tokugawa Shoguns Close Japan to Foreign Influence


    Suspicious of foreign intervention and colonialism, the Tokugawa regime acted to
    exclude missionaries and eventually issued a complete ban on Christianity in Japan.
    Near the beginning of the Tokugawa period, there were an estimated 300,000
    Christians in Japan; after the shogunate’s brutal repression of a Christian rebellion on
    the Shimabara Peninsula in 1637-38, Christianity was forced underground. The
    dominant faith of the Tokugawa period was Confucianism, a relatively conservative
    religion with a strong emphasis on loyalty and duty. In its efforts to close Japan off from
    damaging foreign influence, the Tokugawa shogunate also prohibited trade with
    Western nations and prevented Japanese merchants from trading abroad. With the Act
    of Seclusion (1636), Japan was effectively cut off from Western nations for the next 200
    years (with the exception of a small Dutch outpost in Nagasaki Harbor). At the same
    time, it maintained close relations with neighboring Korea and China, confirming a
    traditional East Asian political order with China at the center.

    Tokugawa Period: Economy and Society


    The Neo-Confucian theory that dominated Japan during the Tokugawa Period
    recognized only four social classes–warriors (samurai), artisans, farmers and
    merchants–and mobility between the four classes was officially prohibited. With peace
    restored, many samurai became bureaucrats or took up a trade. At the same time, they
    were expected to maintain their warrior pride and military preparedness, which led to
    much frustration in their ranks. For their part, peasants (who made up 80 percent of the
    Japanese population) were forbidden from engaging in non-agricultural activities, thus
    ensuring consistent income for landowning authorities.

    The Japanese economy grew significantly during the Tokugawa period. In addition to an
    emphasis on agricultural production (including the staple crop of rice as well as sesame
    oil, indigo, sugar cane, mulberry, tobacco and cotton), Japan’s commerce and
    manufacturing industries also expanded, leading to the rise of an increasingly wealthy
    merchant class and in turn to the growth of Japanese cities. A vibrant urban culture
    emerged centered in Kyoto, Osaka and Edo (Tokyo), catering to merchants, samurai
    and townspeople rather than to nobles and daimyo, the traditional patrons. The
    Genroku era (1688-1704) in particular saw the rise of Kabuki theater and Bunraku
    puppet theater, literature (especially Matsuo Bosho, the master of haiku) and woodblock
    printing.

    Source: History Channel

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