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    Sri 3

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    nithila bhasker
    The document discusses the principle of quantum tunneling and its application in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM uses quantum tunneling to image surfaces at the atomic level. When a conductive tip is brought very near a sample surface, a bias voltage applied between them causes electrons to tunnel through the vacuum barrier. The tunneling current depends exponentially on the tip-sample distance, allowing precise measurement of surface structures down to the individual atom. STM provides 3D atomic resolution images and has applications in nanotechnology and studying material properties.

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    Sri 3

    Uploaded by

    nithila bhasker
    44 views13 pages
    The document discusses the principle of quantum tunneling and its application in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM uses quantum tunneling to image surfaces at the atomic level. When a conductive tip is brought very near a sample surface, a bias voltage applied between them causes electrons to tunnel through the vacuum barrier. The tunneling current depends exponentially on the tip-sample distance, allowing precise measurement of surface structures down to the individual atom. STM provides 3D atomic resolution images and has applications in nanotechnology and studying material properties.

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    The document discusses the principle of quantum tunneling and its application in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM uses quantum tunneling to image surfaces at the atomic level. When a conductive tip is brought very near a sample surface, a bias voltage applied between them causes electrons to tunnel through the vacuum barrier. The tunneling current depends exponentially on the tip-sample distance, allowing precise measurement of surface structures down to the individual atom. STM provides 3D atomic resolution images and has applications in nanotechnology and studying material properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views13 pages

    Sri 3

    Uploaded by

    nithila bhasker
    The document discusses the principle of quantum tunneling and its application in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM uses quantum tunneling to image surfaces at the atomic level. When a conductive tip is brought very near a sample surface, a bias voltage applied between them causes electrons to tunnel through the vacuum barrier. The tunneling current depends exponentially on the tip-sample distance, allowing precise measurement of surface structures down to the individual atom. STM provides 3D atomic resolution images and has applications in nanotechnology and studying material properties.

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    Tunneling Effect

    Classical Physics

    Quantum Physics

    The quantum particle exhibits wave-like nature, it can reflect and


    transmit (tunnel) through the potential barrier
    Boundary Conditions

    I II III
    E
    V 0 for x <0
    V  Vo for 0 xL
    V=0 V=Vo V=0 V 0 for x >L

    0 L
    x

    The energy of the particle


    E  Vo
    2
     2
    E ( x)  (  V ) ( x)
    2m x 2

    Region I (x <0 ) Region II (0 ≤ x ≤ L) Region III (x >L )

    Potential V=0 Potential V=Vo Potential V=0

     2 2  2 2  2 2
     2  k1  ( x)  0  2  k2  ( x)  0  2  k3  ( x)  0
     x   x   x 

    2mE 2m(Vo  E ) 2mE


    k 
    1
    2
    2 k 
    2 k 
    2
    2 2 3 2
    16 E (Vo  E ) 2 k2 L
    T 2
    e
    Vo

    ECE 663
    Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
    Developed on the principle of quantum mechanical tunneling

    Components
    1 metal tip
    2 Piezoelectric scanner Tip and sample must be electrically
    3 current amplifier conductive (metals)
    4 Bipotentiostat
    5 feedback loop
    6 detector
    Nobel Prize in Physics (1986)

    Gerd Binnig H. Rohrer


    Advanced STM

    Ultra high vacuum and low temperature STM set-up


    STM working Principle
    STM works on the principle of quantum mechanical tunneling

    A is constant
    Tunneling current e is electron charge
    V is voltage
    2 m
    2 d m is mass of electron
    I  A  eV  e
    2
    Φ is work function of metal tip
    d is distance between tip and sample
    STM working procedure
    Constant height mode
    Constant current mode

     Image the surface with  Image the surface with


    constant tunnel current constant height and
    and variable height variable tunnel current
     Feed back loop help to
    maintain constant current  Electron density on
    the surface can detect
     Surface (height) structure
    can detect
    Optical Microscopy

    Resolution : few microns


    Resolution : 0.1 nm
    It is resolve individual atoms in a materials

    STM images of gold and Si crystal


    Surface of different structures
    STM Applications

    Widely used in nanotechnology

     Image the surface structure


     Estimate surface roughness
     3D images of the surface
     Locate the defect on the surface of crystal
     Understand electric structure of materials

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