SANJEEV SIR CLASSES 5. ELLIPSE INTRODUCTION We have discussed that an ellipse is a particular case ofthe conic ax? -+ 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2fy + © = Owhen abe + 2fgh— af? — bg? ~ ch? 0 and h? < ab. The analytical definition ofan ellioce is as follows, LAPSE An ellipse is the locus of a point ina plane which moves in the plan the ratio of its distance from a fixed point (called focus) in the same plane to its distance from a {xed straight line (called direcrix) is always constant which is always less then unity. ‘The constant ratio is generally denoted by e and is known as the eccentricity of the elliy in such a way that IfSis the focu the directrix and P is any point on the ellipse, then by, definition i SP sex SP =0.PM é Pm ° ae In fig of an ellipse P(x, y) be a point on the curve. We have, x fo a@* ease Where CA = CA’ = a and e is the eccentricity of the ellipse and the point Sand the line ZK are the focus and directrix respectively. Let sand K’ be point on the x-axis on the side of C which is opposite to the side of S such that y CS' = ae and CK' = =1 a Let 2'K'L\CK', PM’ 1 2'K" as shown in fig.join P and s'.Clearly PM! = NK! = x 4 4 Now equation (i) can be written as x7(1—e?) + y? = a(1-e?) x? ty? +a? e? =a? +e? x? (a? + 2aex +a? e?) + y? = a? + 2aex +e? x? @ tae)? +y? = (@ tex)? 2 (x 4.2) (x + ae)? + = 0) =e? (x +2) S'P? =e? pM? S'P=ePM, distance of P from $” = e(Distance of P from 2'K’) 70 SI-63, SHASTRI NAGAR GHAZIABAD (U.P) 201002. MOB : 9810225887 vuudvuaugSANJEEV SIR CLASSES Hence, we would have obtained the same curve had we started with $" as focu: and 2'K' as directrix. This show that the ellipse has a secon focus $"(—ae, 0) and a second directrix VERTICES, MAIOR AND MINOR AXES, FOGL DIRECTRICES AND CENTRE For the ellipse *5 a > b, we have the following definition of some terms. are called the vertices of the ellipse. The coordinates of A and A’ are (a, 0) and (~a,0) respectively, MAJOR AND MINOR AXES in above fig the distance Ad’ = 2.a and, BB’ = 2 b are called the major and minor axes of the ellipse. Since e <1 and b? = a?(1—e?). Therefore, a > b = 2a > 2b = AA’ > BB". FOCI in above fig the points S(ae, 0) and S'(—ae, 0) are the foci of the ellipse. DIRECTRICES ZK and 2'K’ are two directrices of the ellipse and their equations are a x a g andx = —= respectively. CENTRE since the centre of a conic section is a point which bisects every chord passing through it. In case of the ellipse +22 = 1 every chord, passing through Cis bisect at C (0, 0). Therefore, Cis the centre of the ellipse in above fig and it is mid-point of Ad’ a2 ECCENTRICITY for the ellipse ~5 +75 = 1wehave be 4b? 2b)? 2 = 201 — €2) oe? = 1 on et gm b= a2(1—e2) > woe ade 15(F) RDI BLE. x We have the following termis associated to the ellipse = ooo =1, a>b: ORDINATE AND DOUBLE ORDINATE Let P be a point on the ellipse and let PN be perpendicular to the major axis AA’ such that PNP’ the double ordinate of P. LATUS-RECTUM [tis a double ordinate passing through the focus. In above fig LSL'is the latus-rectum and LS is called the semi-latus-rectum, MSM" is also a latus- 2 2 rectum. The ordinates of L are (ae, SL). As lies on the ellipse “> +5 = 1, the coordinates of L will satisfy the equation of the ellipse. (ae)? (SL)? _ 2 Store = (SL)? = b*(1-e?) Be => (SL) =b? x a bp?SANJEEV SIR CLASSES oe an? Hence, length of the latus — rectum bt! 2 = (81) 7m halle) HOCUS DISTANCE OF A. LOINT.ON THE ELLIPSE The distance of any point on the ellipse from its foc! is knows THEOREM ~The sum of the focal distances of any point on an ellipse in constant and equal to the length of the major axis of the ellipse. PROOF Let PQ, y) be any point on the ellipse getpeth (see above fig). Then oo (i) ex SP =e PM =e (NK) =0 (CK -CN) =e S-x) a (NK') = ¢ (CK' = CN) = G+ x)=ater 2a = major axis(= constant) ) and S'P=ePM’ ’ SP+S'P =a-ex+a4ex Hence, the sum of the focal distances ofa point on the ellipse is constant and is equal to the length of the major axis of the ellipse. In the equation of the ellipse git pe = hifa> b ora? > b?(denominator of x?is greater than b that of y?), then the major and minor axes lie alony but, ifa- e aR yxbye 0,8) The shape of the ellipse is +E =1,(a < b) are given in i oo Various results related to the ellipses 547551 (a> 6) and a the following table for ready refrence.y 1 Lash ite : ~ per het alg ln Coordinates of centre (0) on Coordinates of the vertices (2,0) and (=a, 0) (Ob) nud (0,1) Coordinates of foci (ae, 0) and (ae, 0) (0, he) and (0, hed Length of the major axis 2a ab Length of the minor axis a Equation of the major axis + Equation of the minor axis Equation of the directrices Eccentricity Length of the latus-rectum Focal distances of a point(x, y) SPECIAL FORMS If the centre of the ellipse is at point (hj»4) and the directions of the axes are Goh? Gk yt @ B parallel to the coordinates axes, then its equation is 1 [EXERCISE - 1] Find the eccentricity, cooylinates of foci, length of the Iptis-rectum of the following ellipse. 4x249y? =1 @i/25x? + 16y? = 1600 Gaye 24. 25y? = 225 [NCERTEXEM.] Show that x2.+ 4y? + 2x +16y + 13 = Ois the equation of an ellipse. vertices, foci, directrices and the length and the equation of the latus-rectum, Fing,the equation of the ellipse in the following case: x #Af eccentricitye = = and length of latus ~ rectum = § ind its eccentricity, 3 ‘eH eccentricity e 3 and semi — major axis = 4 Sih, vertices (4:5, 0), foci (4, 0) INCERT] DE yertices (0, +13), foci (0, +5) [NCERT] (2 3 2 (,-1) 4 2 v3 (1,< 196 > 1+ V3) 2 EMICHED) 4 as T @EL 2 = 7. 100x2-4 36y? = 3600 aed oat - 1 Pa "36° 100 10. =1 11. = 12, 3x? — 36x + 43" 13. x? + 2y? = 100 "36 "43° 688 7 7 sui 14. Sx? + 9y?— S4y.4 36 = (ii) 9x? + 4y? + 36x — 24y +36 = 15. (i)_4x? + 9y? + 16x — S4y + 61 17. oe= 2.00 e=e « 20. 4x7 + 9y? = 324, e= 23. 9x? + Sy? = 180 24, x? + Oy? = 81 75—______ SANJEEV SIR CLASSES 6. HYPERBOLA Ahyperbola is the locus ofa plane which moves in the plane in such away that the distance from a fixed point (called focus) in the same plane to its distance from a fixed line (called directrix) is always constant which is always greater than unity. z The constant ratio is generally denoted by e and is known as the eccentricity of 7. r the hyperbola, {ES is the focus, Z 2’ is the directrix and P is any point on the hyperbola, then by pre definition E =SP=e. Py == SP =e.PM S UATION OF THE HYPERBOLA IN RD FORM Let S be the focus, ZK’ be the directrix and e be the eccentricity of the hyperbola whose equation is Fequired, Draw SK’ perpendicular from S on the directrix ZK and divide SK internally and externally at A and 4’ (on SK produced) respectively in the ratio € #1. Then SA=eAK and SA’ =e A'K Since A and A’ are such points that their distances from the focus bear-constant ratio ¢ (> 1)to their respective distance from the directrix. Therefore, these points lie on the hyperbola. “bet Aa! = 2a and C be the middle point of AA'.Then, CA = CALS a Adding (i) and (ii), we get SA+SA' =e (AK +A'K) = CS~CA+CS4CA' =e (CA~CK +CA'+CK) = 2C5=2ae ofl > Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get SA'~SA =e (A'K—AK) See = (CS' + SA) ~ (C54 CA) = (CA' + CK -CA+.CK) = AA’ =2e (CK) = 2a=2e(CK) => CK = e Let C be the origin, CSX the axis of x and a straight line CY through C Perpendicular to CX as the axis of Y. Let P (x, y) be any point on the hyperbola and PM, PN be the Perpendiculars from P on KZ and KX. By definition of hyperbola SP=e PM SP? =e? py? SP? = e? KN? SP? =e? (CN ~ CK)? aoyuUuaagSANJEEV SIR CLASSES VARIOUS ELEMENTS OF HYPEIBOLA For the v perbola jo Lewe have folloving, polute RTICES In above fig the points and A’, where the curve meets the line joining the fori S and 5, ® called the vertices of the hyperbola, The coordinates of A and A’ are (a, G) and (a, 0) respectively, TRANSVERSE AND CONJUGATE AXES {1 above fi the stralyht line joining the vertices A and A called the t erse axis of the hyperbola, It: length AA’ Is generally taken to be Za. The straight line through the centre which fs perpendicular to the transverse avis does not meet the hyperbola in real points, Hut i," be the points on this line such that CH = CH’ = b, the line BE is called the conjugate axis such that BM! = 2b. FOCI In above fig the points 5 (ae, O)and $"(—ae, 0) are the fact of the hyperbola, DIRECTRICES In above fig ZK and Z! Kare two directrices of the hyperbola and their equations a pectively. e CENTRE in above fig the middle point C of AA’ bisect every chord.of the liyperbola passing through it and is called the centre of the hyperbola. ECCENTRICITY x y For the la or the hyperbola = — 55 b? = a?(e? - 1) ? + b? ve 1 = = a a? Bb (aby? [Conjugate axis)? Se tae lite Me= |1+ Gonsverse axis)? LENGTH OF THE LATUS-RECTUM In the above fig LSL’ is the latus-rectum and LS is called the semi latus-rectum. TS'T’ is also a latus- rectum. 2 y2 The coordinates of L are,(ae)$L),As L lies on the hyperbola 5 - 5 = Ithe coordinates of L will satisfy the eqilation of the hyperbola. Gey? (SL* a “a Dap = (SL)? = b?(e? - 1) SL = SL =— a Hence, length of the latus ~ rectum = 2 (SL) = 2a(e?~1).SANJEEV SIR CLASSES _ SMa FOCAL DISTANCES OF A POINT The distance of any point on the hyperhala a — ai ~ pa = | from its foct is known as the focal distance of that point yperbola is constant and equal to }ees of any point ona hy s of the hyperbola, (ce above fig). Then, by definition, PROOF Let P (x,y) be any point on the hyperbola we have SP =ePM and SP =e PM’, a Now, sp =e PM = SP = e (NK) = e(CN-CK) =e (-$ ser-a. a and, SP =e PM’ = S'P = ¢ (NK') = e(CN+CK') =e (+5) sexta S'P ~ SP = (ex +a) — (ex — a) = 2a = Transverse axis, Hence, the difference of the focal distances of a point on the hyperbolais constant and is equal to the length of the transverse axis of the hyperbola, On account of the property, a second definition of the hyperbola may be given as follows: A hyperbola is the locus ofa point which moves in such» way that the difference of its distances from two fixed points (foci) is always constant, ae hyperbola of the hyperbola apa tis ation i ‘The eccentricity of the conjugate hyperbola is given by 2 2 a? = b?(e? — 1) and the length of the latus — rectum is= 2 Various result related to the hyperbola = & = landits 2 2 conjugate ~ 7 4 z = dare given in the following table for ready refrence. Hyperbola Conjugate hyperbola Age ye a Tet eeh Coordinates of centre (0,0) (0,0) Coordinates of the vertices (@,0) and (—a, 0) (0,b) and (0,—b) Coordinates of foci (ae, 0) and (~ae, 0) (0,be) and (0,—be) Length of the transverse axis 2a 2b Length of the conjugate axis 2b 2a Equation of the directrices x ye : andy =SANJEEV SIR CLASSES Eccentricity 7 fe 1 Orb? = a%(@? 1) Or Length of the latus-rectum au a yao fr Equation of the conju y= Focal distance ene Difference of the focal distance ofa point ay 2b, Ifthe centre of the hyperbola is at point (h, k) and the directions of the axes are Parallel to the Coordinates axes, then its equation is &—/)* _ = W)* a be [EXERCISE = 1] 1. Find the eccentricity, coordinates of the foci, equation of the directrices and length of the latus- rectum of the hyperbola (i) 4x? -3y?=36" (ii) 3x%—y?=4 (iii) 2x? —3y? = 5 Find the equation of the hyperbola whose directrix is 2x + y = 1, focus (1, 2) and eccentricity V3. 3. Find the centre, eccentricity, foci and directrices of the hyperbola () 16x? - 9y? + 32x + 36y — 64 = 0 (ii) x? —3y? 2x =8 4. Show that the equation 9x2~— 16y%— 18x +:32y — 151 = 0 represents a hyperbola. Find the coordinates of the centre; length’of the axes, eccentricity, latus-rectum, coordinates of foci and vertices, equation of the directrices of the hyperbola. 5. Find the equation if the hyperbola,referred to its principal axes as axes of coordinates, in the following cases: . (i) Conjugate‘axis is,5 aid th distance between foci = 13 Gi) _Conjiigate axis is 7'and passes through the point(3, —2). 6. Show-that the equation x? — 2y? — 2x + 8y — 1 = O represents a hyperbola. Find the coordinate of centre, length of the axes, eccentricity, latusrectum, coordinates of foci and Vertices equation of the directrices ofthe hyperbola. 7. Find'the equation of the hyperbola whose i Fociare (6, 4) and (—4, 4) and eccentricity is 2. ii Vertices are (—8, —1) and (16, —1) and focus is (17,—1) ifi Fociare (4, 2) and (8, 2) and eccentricity is 2. iv Vertices are at (+6, 0) and one the directrices is x = 4 INCERT EXEMPLAR] v Foci at (+2, 0) and eccentricity is 3/2. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] Referred to the principal axes as the axes of the coordinates find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are at (0, +V10) and which passes through the point (2, 3). 9, Find the equation of the hyperbola whose (i) focus is at (5, 2), vertex at (4, 2) and centre at (3, 2) (ii) focus is at (4, 2), centre at (6, 2) and e = 2 SS ————— 79 SI-63, SHASTRI NAGAR GHAZIABAD (U.P) 201002. MOB: 9810225887SANJEEV SIR CLASSES Secs ness Tn ic tn is dicate 1 is 13, i he hyperbola satisfying the given conditions, 11. In each of the following find the equation of the hyper INCERT] i Vertices (0, +3), foci (0, +5) INCERT] Foci (45, 0), transverse axis = 8 INCERT] Foci (0, +13), conjugate axis = 24 INCERT] Foci (+ 4, 0), the latus-rectum = 12 ci (44, 0), the la is [NCERT EXEMPLAR] Vv Vertices (0, +6),e == 3 INCERT] vi Foci (0, +V0), passing through (2, 3) INCERT] vii Foci (0,4 12), latus-rectum = 36 = 1. Find the equation of the ipse + 12, The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse == + > hyperbola, ifits eccentricity is 2. iéity if V2 then Obtain j ae iraecy, 7 ola is 16 and its eccentricity is V2, then obtain its 3. Ifthe distance between the foci of a hyperbol INCERT EXEMPLAR] equation, 14. Ife and e’ be the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate, Prove that ath =1 15; Show that the set ofall points such that the difference of their distance from (4, 0) and (~4, 0) is always equal to 2 represents hyperbola. INCERT EXEMPLAR] 16. Find the locus of the point of intersection of thé lines V3 —y— 4V3A = 0 and Vax + ay — 4V3 = 0 for different values of 2. 17. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose (@) Focus is (1, 1) directrix is 2x + y = 1 and eccentricity = V3 i) focus is (2, -1), directrix is 2x + 3y = 1 and eccentricity = 2 16. Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are (8, 3)and(0, 3) and eccentricity we [ANSWERS KEY] 1. Eccentricity. Foci Directrices LR. 13 (413.0) 13 x 3V3 =0 8 3 z v3 (tz 10) V3xF1= 4V3 S V2xFV3=0 (79) 10 2 3/5 2. 7x? — 2y? + 12xy— 2x + 14y-22=0 3. ‘cit i . ao Becentity Foci Directrices g 3 (4,2), (-6,2) Sx=4,5x414= - 2v3 ii) 1,0) —=— Co) 3 (1 42V3,0) xa1¢.SANJEEV SIR CLASSES Centre = (1,1), Transverse axis # conjugate axis 6, eccentricity ¢ = 4 9 latus — rectum = = , Lat um = 5 2 foci (6,1) and (4,1), vertices 1 (5,1) and (—3,1), Directrices x = = .— = 5. (i) 25x? — 144y? = 900 (ii) 65x? — 36y? = 441 6. Centre = (1, 2), Transverse axis 2V3 conjugate axis 2V6, eccentricity e = V3, Latus-rectum= 43, foci (1, 5) and (1,~1), vertices = (1, 2 + ¥3) and (1,2 - V3) and y=3 Directrices y = 7. (i) 12x? — 4y? 24x4+32y—127=0, — (ii) 25x? -144y? 200x — 288y — 3344 = 0 ii) 3x2 —y? — ; wee est (iii) 3x? — y? - 36x + 4y +101 Wy pu OAR 5 9.() 3-3)? -(y-2)? Gi) 3@ - 6)? — @ = 2)? vy . uo. Olena as x? gy? Op 3a7t 17. (i) 7x? + 12xy — 2y? — 2x + 4y - 7 18. 7x? — 9y? — 56x + S4y —32 =0 (i), 3x74 23y? + 48xy + 36x — S0y — 61 = 0 ere 81 SI-63, SHASTRI NAGAR GHAZIABAD (U.P) 201002. MOB : 9810225887ne SANJEEV SIR CLASSES 4. PARABOLA ANALYTICAL DIFINITION OF CONIC SECTION TON A conic section or conic is the locus of a point P which moves in such a way tha its CONIC SE distance from a fixed point S always bears a constant ratio to its distance from a fized line, all being in the same plane. FOCUS The fixed point is called the focus of the conic section. ¢ is called the directrix of the conic section. In general, every conic has four foci, two of them are real and the other two are two real foci, every conic has two directrices corresponding to each real focus. ECCENTRICITY The constant ratio is called the eccentricity of the conic section and is denoted by e AXIS The straight line passing through the focus and perpendicular to the directrix is called the axis of the conic section. VERTEX The point of intersection of the conic section and the axis are called vertices of the conic section. CENTRE The point which bisect every chord of the conic passing through it, is called the centre of the conic. LATUS-RECTUM The latus-rectum of a conic is the chord passing through the focus and perpendicular to the axi OTE ‘As mentioned above the eccentricity of a conic is generally denoted by e end . For e <1, the conic obtained is an ellipse; 2, Fore = 1, the conic obtained is a parabola; 3. Fore > 1, the conic is a hyperbola; 4, For e = 0, the conic is acircle. DIRECTRIX The fixed straight li imaginary. Due to GENERAL EQU, Et ‘WHE! AND EI RE GIVI Lets S(a, 8) be the focus, Ax + By + C = Obe the directrix and e be the eccentricity of a conic. Let P(k, k) be any point on the conic. Let PM be the perpendicular from P, on the directrix. Then by definition SP =e-P, z = SPPaetPM? i Pit.) hak? GEO 2 (Mnnmeeey! = Oe VAP + BP Thus; the locus of (h, k) is (Ax + By +)? ety pre See o S(a,B) Ax+ By +C Directrix ‘This is the Cartesian equation of the conic section which, when simplified, can be written in the form ax? + 2hxy + by? +2 gx +2 fy + ¢ = 0, which is the general equation of second degree E Itcan be easily shown that the general equation of second degree viz. ax? + 2hxy + by? +2 gx —2 fy +. = O always represen 1. Apair of straight lines, A= abe + 2fgh — af? — bg? — ch? = 0 2. AcircleifA # 0,a=b and h 3. AparabolaifA #0 and h? = ab 4. Anellipse ifA # 0 and h? < ab Nee ULE UEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 66a5 SANJEEV SIR CLASSES _ 5. Abyperbolaifa #0 and h? > ab 6 Arectangular hyperbola ifA #0, h? > ab and ath =0 ANALYTICAL DEFINATION A parabola is the locus 0 distance from h moves in a plane such that its a fixed point in the plane is always equal to its distance from a fixed zi Straight line in the same plane. Lg 4s defined in analytical of conic section, the fixed point is called the focus andthe M fixed straight line is called the directrix of the parabola. The line through the focus 5 and perpendicular to the directrix isthe axis ofthe parabola, The point on the axis Focus way between the focus and directrix is called the vertex of the parabola. 3 Lets $ be the focus, 22’ be the direcrix and let P be any point on the parabola. Then by definition sp = pm Where P is the length of the perpendicular from P on the directrix 22 ae [EXERCISE - 1] Ye Fipd the vertex, fogus, axis, directrix and] jgtus-rectum of the following parabolas DQ y?=8x Gf a7 +y 50 eithaG DP +y=6x-14 ens the equation of the parabola whose focus is at x= 2y+3=0 Qah'ng fOscaboQa, ~ Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines joining the vertex of the parabola x? = 12y to the ends of its latus-rectum. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] “ Find the vertex, axis, focus, directrix, latus-rectum of the parabola 4y? + 12x — 20y + 67 = 0. Also, draw their rough’sketches. * What ‘what Goin) of the parabola x? = 9y isthe abscissa three times that of ordinate? A. Find the vertex, focus and dire of the parabola 4y? + 12x — 12y +39 = 0. «7 Find the equation of a parabola with vertex at the origin and the directrix, y = 2. Find the equation of the parabola whose focus is (1, 1) and tangentat the vertex is x + y = 1. 9. The cable of the uniformly loaded suspension bridge hangs in the form of a parabola. The roadway which is horizontal and 100 m long is supported by vertical wires attached to the cable, the longest wire being 30 mand the shortest wire being 6 m. find the length of a supporting wire attached to the roadway 18 m from the middle, INCERT] 10_Fifid the equation of the parabola whose focus is (4-1) and whose vertex is (2, 1). Also, find its axis and latus-rectum. 11)If the line y = mx +1 is tangent to the parabola y? = 4x, then find the value of m. | (NCERT EXEMPLAR] . For the following parabolas find the coordinates of the foci, the equation of the directrices and the length of the latus-rectum: LIy? = Bx CAR x? = 6y ff) y? = 12x 16y being the equation of the lines joining the vertex of the parabola y? = 6x to the point on it which have abscissa 24. SES INCERT EXEMPLAR] Sas Find the equation of the parabola with vertex (2,3) and focus (0, 5). 15,Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the axis and the directrix of the parabola whose focus is (3, 3) and directrix is 3x — 4: 2. Find also the length of the latus-rectum. 4$¢Find the equation of the parabola whose latus-rectum is 4 units, axis is the line 3x + 4y — 4 and the tangent at the vertex is the line 4x — By+ 0. 67 | I-63, SHASTRI NAGAR GHAZIABAD (U.P) 201002. MOB: 9810225887-___ SANJEEV SIR CLASSES 2/7 Find the equation of the parabola whose locas and ‘abola whose ver ‘a ex and focus are on the x-axis at a distar iS nd ‘a’ from the origin respectively ig y? = A(a’ ~a)(x—a) aoe - Bid the equation ofa parabola with f {Barabola with vertex atthe origin, thea alone x-axidland passing =e “through, 3] HEmce @ Y POA Can pOAIbIe En fOst- 9% 04 A double ordit f is double ordinate of the parabol is of length 8a. prove that the lines from th : fl fa. prove that the lines from the vert Joits ends are stright aie oe Yebus — 9 - Ifthe points (Q, 4) and (0, 2) are respectively the vertex and focus of a parabola, then find the amon of the parabola! Shan V9 posrahave, INCERT EXEMPLAR] @ the line Ix + my + n = 0 touches the fArabola 2 = Agx, prove that In = am’, / INCERT EXEMPLAR] abe 23,Aind oordin af point on Sippegsbola yt = 8x whose focal distanceis 4. @ eden remane| Jz ane. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] is double ordinate of a parabola y? = 4ax, Find the locus of its points of trisection. 9 25 pad the length of the line segment joining the vertex of the parabola y? = 4x and a point on the 1G ove parabola where the line-segment makes an angle @ to the x-axis. [NCERT EXEMPLAR] M @@. An arcis in the form ofa parabola with its axis vertical. The arc is 10m high and 5 m wide at the base. How wide is it 2 m from the vertex of the parabola. [NCERT] 7. Ejrfd the equation of the parabola, if 1. The focus is at (—6,—6) and the vertex is at (-2, 2) . he focus is at (0, —3) and the vertex is at (0, 0) é am focus is at (0, —3) and the vertex is at (-1,—3) The focus is at (0, 0) and the vertex is at the intersection of the lines x + y = 1 andx—y = 3 Ga) The towers of a bridge, hung in the form ofa parabola, have their tojis 30 m above the roadway and are 200 meters apart. Ifthe cable is 5 m above the roadway at the centre of the bridge, find the length of the vertical supporting cable 30 meters from the centre. [NCERT] Find the equation of parabola whose: [NCERT EXEMPLAR] ~ Focus is (0, 0) and the directrix 2x -y—1=0 “Focus is (2, 3) ahd the directrix x —4y +3 =0 0A beam is supported at its ends by supports which are 12 meters apart: Since the load is connected at its centre, there is a deflection of 3 cm at the centre and the deflected beam is in the shape of a parabola, How far from the centre is the deflection 1 cm? INCERT] we a parabolic reflector is 20 cm in diameter and 5 cm deep, findits focus. . — [NCERT] IR KEY 1. Vertex Focus ‘Axis Directrix LR. 1 (0, 0) (2,0) y=0 =-2 8 2. (0, 0) (0,-1/16) x 1/4 3. 3, 1D (41/16, 1) y= x = 55/16 7/4 4. @-5) (3,-21/4) x=3 | 4y+19=0 1 2. 4x? +y? + 4ay + 4x 4+ 32y +16 =0 3. 18 sqSANJEEV SIR CLASSES 5 . 1 4 Vertex = (7/2, 5/2), axis y ocus = (—17/4,5/2), directrix ~ atus rectum 4a =3 13 3 5. 3,1) 6. Vertex Rxts 5/2, 3/2), Focus » Directrix x = 42 2xy—4x—4y4+4=0 9.) 9.11 m (approx) Bx? py? 10. 4x? + y? — dey 4 Bx + 46y 71=0, 2x-y-3=0, LR=4yV5 11.m=1 12, Focus Directrix LR 1 @ 0) x=-2 8 2 3/2) -y=-3/2 6 3 3, 0) x=3 12 4 (0-4) yea 16 18°41 13.xt2y=0 14. 16x? + y? + Bxy + 96x — 554y — 1879 15, Gz) 16, Gx + 4y — 4)? = 20(4x~3y 47) 17. y? — 4y — 8x + 28 19)2y? = 9x 21. x? + 8y = 32 23. (2,4), (2,-4) 24, 9y? = 4ax 25. 4a cosec @- cota 26. VSm 27. (i) (2x—y)? + 4(26x + 37y — 31) =0, (ii) x? =—12y, “Giii))y? + 6y— 4x +5 =0 (iv) @& + 2y)? + 40x — 20y—-100=0 29 28, 2 8. m 29. (i) x? 4 4y? + Axy 4 4x —2y— 30. 2V6 meter 31. (S, 0) Gi) 16x2,+ y? + Bxy — 74x — 78y +212 =0