Without preaching worship is incomplete liturgy of the mainline churches.

Confessions, Apostolic and Niecien creed, reading scriptures. For nominal mainline churches
preaching time was very less. The significance of ministry of the word is very less, in these churches.
In our churches also sometimes not giving significance in preaching, in a worship service all the
elements have equal importance. A growing Christian needs both worship and preaching.

Worship and preaching are the two basics of the churches activity. Worship and preaching are
inseparable and interconnected to each other in the gatherings of the people of God. Worship
includes preaching and preaching is done in the setting of worship. However there are differences
between worship and preaching.

Worship is the communion (Lords Table or Eucharist) and the preaching is the
communication. Worship is the foundation and preaching is the super structure. Worship is the
preparing time. Preaching is the fulfilment of it. Worship is leading people to the intimacy of god.
Preaching feeds people. Through the preaching the proper nurturing of people the place.
In worship we give praises and thanks to God. In preaching we receive God’s message. In
worship we are the giver and God is the receiver. In preaching God is the giver and we were the
receiver. In worship we declare God’s glory. I preaching we proclaim god’s word.

The Definition and Meaning of Worship:

The English word worship is derived from the Anglo Saxon weothsaipe and the other way
they say worthship. The term worthship means to ascribe worth. For the Christian worship is
recognising and responding to the worthiness of God to receive our devotion and praise. The Hebrew
word literally means how to down before God according to his greatness and power.

Worship is the act of expressing God’s worthiness. Therefore worship is declaring God’s
worth. It is the human response of adoration praise and supplication to the person and work of God.
Worship is one of the earliest recoded activities in Bible.

According to the Bible God alone is to be worshipped and served he is to be served with
human beings whole being mind as well as emotion (Dt 6:5, II Cor 1:27) physic as well as feelings
are to combined in God’s praise. The very nature of god overwhelming in his attributes demands
everything of human beings. There are individual and corporate worship described in the Bible.

The vocabulary of the worship in the Bible is very broad. But the important concept in
scripture is service. One of the most common Hebrew word comes from meaning servant. This
contains the idea of service of every kind. Acts of adoration as well as doing the responsibilities (Ex
3: 12, Ex 20: 5, Dt 6:13, Dt 10:12, Ps 2:11).
Histah: Bend oneself over at the waist (Gen 27:29, 49:23). We are surrendering submitting to God.
Latveia (giving service): Refers the cut of service or paying homage. It is most often translated as to
serve. In this sense worship is seen as an act of service (Lk 2:37).
Leiturgia: Service to the community without charge or wages (Lk 1:23, II Cor 9:12, Php 2:30, Heb
9:21).
Proshinco: To do reverence. It comes from two words. Phiros-towards, kineo – kiss. Worship in this
manner means the individual displaces an attitude of reverence towards God. It is the most used
words for worship in New Testament.

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 It is important to note that there is no biblical prescription for worship. But worship is seen as
the direct acknowledgement and realization of who God is and how he deals with human kind.
Worship flows out of our understanding of God’s character and attributes. His attitude should be seen
in both verbal expression singing raises, prayers etc and behaviour activities (deeds done as an
acknowledgement of his character and nature).
James F. White defines that Christian worship is the deliberate act of seeking to approach
reality at its deepest level by becoming aware of God in a through Jesus Christ. And by responding to
this awareness.
R. W Rootens describes that worship is the sense of greatness of God and apprehension of
the mystery of the most high. It is the basement of the preacher before the unspeakable mystery of
creator (that means we are not able comprehend God fully) (we cannot know everything about God
because he is God. But God know as everything about us. So he is God). Worship is the praise of
God and God is worthy to be praised when we praise him we only pay him his due. (Ps.18:3)
(Mind, heart, and whole baby is involved in worship, worship had is a personal expexance).
Worship is also a personal meeting with God (ps.84:1-2). Further worship is a sacrifice. As the
worship abases (humbling) himself or herself before God he or she is compel to offer something to
God. And there by to express his or her dependence and allegiance to him (Rom 12:1-2, I Pe 2:8)
(The worship demands offering in OT people used to take oath to offer something to God (eg.I Sam
1,2, Hanna offered Samuel to God, and Abraham given Isaac as sacrifice . The Israelites instructed to
provide some sacrifices and items to priests. In New Testament we were ash to offer our self as a
twing sacrifice. When we offer ourselves if should touch our heart. We heed to leave what all things
are diverting us). Therefore human being sense of owe in the presence magnificent and fearful
presence of God illustrates what is meant by worship. Worship originates in the understanding of
God as the creator and Redeemer. God who himself desires and seeks for our worship of him must be
in spirit. That is with the highest element of our nature, which is the meeting point of the divine and
human therefore true worship of God must also be in truth free from hypocrisy, formality, and in
accordance with the truth to the divine nature. (Worship is not something perfectly)

Biblical narratives on the worship experiences of people of God

[All through the bible we have different records worshipping God. When they felt the
presence of God they started worship of God by erecting a stone]
Worship in the Old Testament
The bible is the inspired record of Lord’s disclosure of himself to man through Jesus Christ. It
also has another aspect as the record of human being search for God and their attempts to worship
him. First crude and imperfect and then with growing Revelation more and more in accordance with
his perfect will, until full maturity is reached in the worship in spirit and in the truth of the New
Testament .
A wide variety of modes and styles of worship are record in the lonely and varied literature of
the Old Testament. There range from the simple sacrifices and the prayers of the patriarch to the
elaborate and national rituals of the temple in Jerusalem. Much was borrowed from neighbouring
cultures. But this took place alongside a critical adaptation in the light of key historical and
theological affirmations. In particular worship had to be directed only to Yahweh the God of Israel.
And traces of syncretism and devotion to other God’s must avoided
Worship in the Pentateuch
In the Old Testament there are instances of individual worship is first of all humanities
grateful response to the gracious God who created the world. Gen 4:3-4 Cain and Adel were involved

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in bringing offerings to God as their expression of worship Gen 4:3-7 Abel’s offering was accepted.
Cain’s offering was rejected. The reason for acceptance and rejection is very clear but he is probably
to be found in the attitude of the offering. With growing revelation as new names of God were
revealed ‘God most high” (el,el… ohim) [Gen 14:19,174:1,21:23] people came to know him better
and worship him more worthily Gen 4:26, Gen 8:20 [worship is something from heart. It is not
associated with any place] Gen 12:7 Abraham built of altar when he experience the presence of God.
Later worship became associated with place. Worshiping for the great deeds of Yahweh and
witnessing his work. (Worship was something important in the history of Israel worship and
witnessing is co-related.)
At the time of flood people were praying and as well as sacrifices. After the flood special
places for worship are appointed Gen.8: 20, 12:7, 13:18. The patriarchs express their individual
worship of God by setting up individual reminder. (Pillars, alters of God’s blessings Abraham’s
prayer for Sodom Gen.18:22-28. And Jacobs dream expressed s deep sense of God’s greatness and
ministry and the humbleness of human being sacrifice continues throughout this period but the
rationale of sinful is no where explained. Worship was an individual almost a family concern. There
was no sign of congregational worship. The Mosaic Law not only lays down the details of the people
and Social life of the people of God. But also contains elaborate provision for their worship scarifies
and offerings played important part in the system. The first purpose of the exodus (event) was that
Israel worships the hand on his Holy Mountain. (Ex 3:12) and at Sinai instructions about worship are
a substantial portion of Legislation. (Ex 25:10, Num 10) the tabernacle is a movable Sinai. The
means given by God to his people to enable them to continue the blessing and enjoyment of his
present (Ex 28:31) [a group of committed Christian gathers together for worshiping God that is
called church.]
In Exodus 25-31 chapters great importance is given to the setting up of a sanctuary or Holy
place Ex 25:8.The divine presence in Israel was not be linked in any kind of image, since there is no
form of any kind when the Lord spoke to them at Sinai out of the fire (Due 4:15-20)
Nevertheless God’s continuing presence with them was to be proclaimed and expressed by the
tabernacle. The focal point of the tabernacle was the arch of the covenant. (Ex 25:10-22) God’s
presence and God’s rules were joined expressed by the tabernacle. Which was symbolically the
thrown of God in the midst of its people. The single sanctuary was the central point of the nation’s
worship
Ex 29:42-46 the Israelites have privilege to have God’s dwelling in special way in their midst
sanctified by his presence and his glory meeting with him through the worship and sacrifice which he
himself appointed. Sacrifices there of many hind but mainly three classes.

The whole burnt offering

Where the whole gifts is offered to God and consumed by fire. Lev 1:13 of here the main
thought is of going something precious to God as a recognition of his claims and pledge of loyalty
and allegiance to him. There is an idea of atonement of sin. These sacrifices offered on behalf of the
all people as in the daily morning and evening sacrifices. (Ex.29:41-43)
1. Peace offering
Ps 141:2, Rev 5:8 incense is associated with prayer)
These were so called not as making peace between God and human beings but as expressing and
promoting peaceful relation already existing. They were of three kinds
1. Thank offering
2. Olive offering

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Free will offering (Lev. 7:11-18) the greater part of the meat was eaten by the offer and through the
secret meal the worshiper had fellowship with God. The Passover feast (Due 12:7-12).
2. Sin and Guilt offering
These were offered specifically for the covering up of the sin (Lev 4:6). Many of these
sacrifices were individual offering but there were public serves held everywhere.

3. Other forms of worship.

Other forms of worship than sacrifice are of little importance in the law one is the burning of
incense a symbol of prayer went up to heaven (Ps 141:12,Rev 5:8). Others are the singing of psalm.
The pouring of a drink offering and the giving of some blessing with extended hard (Lev 9:22).
Moreover we find utterances of praise to God. Moses songs uttered at the crossing of the Red Sea
(Ex 15:1-18). And other remarkable praise and prayers are Due 32 and Due 26.

Three major goals of worship may be indentified

1. A ritual may strengthen the relationship between God and the people Eg., the burnt offering Lev 1
peace offering Lev 36.
2. Ritual also may restore relationship between God and human being. Sin offering Lev 4 Guilt
offering Lev 5.
3. The third purpose of a natural is to effect the transition of a person or group from one state to
person or rite of passage (Lev 8,9. Ordination setting a part for Lord).

Worship in the rest of the Old Testament Neh 8:5, 8

The sacrificial system was continued until AD. 70. And it was only interrupted nearly
50years. Along with the ordered worship in the Mosaic Law certain other forms of worship came to
be popular.
Praises, prayers and music dance.
In tabernacle and temple worship natural was prominent. A part from the daily morning and
evening sacrifices the celebration of Passover, and the observance of the Day of Atonement would be
lightened in the Jewish religious calendar. Many in the Israel public praise Ps 95, 93, 95-100). Public
prayers and individual Ps 60, 79, 80 and use them to express their love and gratitude to God Due
11:13. In the real and the real out of inward spiritual worship
David at the bringing up of the arch to the Jerusalem danced before the God with all his might
(II Sam 6;14-15). So to the psalmist twice speech of praising the Lord in Dance Ps 149:3; 15:4. This
is accompanied by music II Sam 6:8, I Sam 18:6. Music came to be of important in Hebrew worship
from David’s time and was the speak function of the Levites who provided both coir and orchestra in
the temple I Chro 12:16. At the dedication of the temple of Solomon combination of singing and
instrument music proved effective and was accompanied by an extra ordinary sense of the presence
of the unseen God in the temple II Chro 5:11-14.
Prayer came to be of greater importance and on certain occasions it was congregational. The
books of chronicles records two memorable prayers in connection with the temple.
1. David at the dedication of the materials I Chiron 29: 10-20
2. Solomon’s at the dedication of the completed temple which was largely a prayer of intercession (II
Chro 6:4-42).
The dedication of the completed temple was preceded by the service of sacrifice and
congregational praise and followed by the peoples adoration and praises. In its fullest experienced

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worship was a boldly explained that took place in a corporate context. In a Holy place at a Holy time
facilitated but the Holy priest.
(In Old Testament times few senses were working worship.
1. Smell- fragrance incense.
2. Touch- Lay hands on the animal
3. Taste- eat the meat of animal
4. See- the architecture of temple tabernacle.
Birth teaching and crucifixion would be pictuarized in nominal Christian church.]

It engages the senses of smell touch hands were lord on a sacrifice. Taste (sacrifice meat was
eaten) eye the architecture and materials of sanctuary were richly symbolic the verbal dement of the
worship is represented by the Psalter, which provides for both individual lament and communal
praise. The temple service eventually included singing Dancing and the use of musical instruments.
Ps 150. The temple defined the stage on which the praised Levites and non priest enacted their
various roles. Only those who were clean could enter the temple area. And the more dangerous task
in the holy inner spaces could only be carried out by the priest.
Micah 6:6-8
But at the time of 8th century BC classical prophets (writing prophets) sacrifice was felt to be
inadequate. People try to obtain God’s favor with sacrifices without repentance and accomplish their
therefore prophet contempt it (Is 1:11-14, Micah 6:6-8, Jer 6:20). The prophet makes it clear that if a
choice has to be made covenant loyalty was to be preferred to sacrifice. Isa 6:6. The ideal worshiper
was not only generous and faithful in his or her religious devotion but was also exemplary in
generosity to others and compassion to the poor. Holiness includes external obedient as well as
internal attitudes. (Ps 51:18-21). Prophet Ezekiel announces the destruction of the temple because of
idle worship and injustice (Ez cha 8-9). The fate of the people of God has always being bounded with
quality and integrity of its version (worship).
A number of public occasions are recorded where corporate prayer and confession was made
Ezra.9, Likewise Neh.8 contains a long prayer uttered. In Nehemiah the reading was preceded by the
adoration of God and followed by exposition or translation Neh. 8:8.
So later an assembly was held at which Ezra prayed the confession and prayer was
accompanied by reading from the book of the law and by adoration.
Another aspect of post mosaic worship is to be found in the poetic utterances meditation
prayer and praise which we know as the psalms. The earliest psalms which date from David’s time
are divided in to four types.
1. Petition for material wants
2. Supplications for spiritual benefits
3. thanks giving
4. Praise.
Some psalms have been used for individual prayer. But many are written for public worship
of the temple II chro 29:30.
[Ps. 47, 87, 92 for Sabbath day. Ps 113,118 Hallel Psalm. These Psalms usually sing in Passover]
Belong to the feast of tabernacle some verse. In this ways the Psalms have an important place
in Hebrew worship.
The highly developed public worship offered in the tabernacle and temple is a for crying from
earlier times, when the patriarchs believed that the lord could wherever he had chosen to reveal
himself. However it would appear from a survey of Old Testament that there was elevation of

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though and experience regarding worship. The tabernacle and the subsequent temple became the
focal point of Hebrew worship. There the people girthed to offer sacrifices and offering to God as act
worship, worship was a ritual conducted in the context of the congregation. But after the temple was
destroyed and while the people of God were in exile they establish the synagogue to provide for the
spiritual continuity of their faith. In exile worship remained a necessity and to meet this need the
synagogue service began worship remained a vital part in Jewish pattern. (Synagogue was a kind of a
proto church)

Synagogue worship
Luke 4:16 Acts 13:39
While in exile the Jewish people establish the synagogue to provide for the spiritual
continuity of their faith. Two accounts of synagogue worship is found in New Testament Luke 4:16-
19 Acts 13:39
There were so many synagogues in the great cities of Roman Empire Acts 6:9. The Rabbi led
the congregation in worship expression as he read from the seared scrolls. Interpreted their meaning
and enjoined the people in public prayers. The synagogue serve was consisting of four elements.

a. The shema Due 6:14 Num 15:37-41.

The first part of the Sabbath worship in synagogue has been centered on the shema, or Jewish creed
and being conducted by any member of the congregation invited by the ruler of the synagogue. The
shema so called from the first world in Hebrew here consisted of Duet 6:4-9; 11:13-21 Num 15: 37-
41 from the Law of Moses.
b. Prayer.
The second part consisting of the prayer that is the eighteen benedictions which on Sabbath
were reduced to seven and conducted by another member called the messenger of the congregation.
c. Scripture reading.
The third part consisting of the two lessons from Pentateuch and prophets read by a third person or
some times by several and translated by another from the sacred Hebrew tongue in to the Aramaic.
d. Exposition of scripture
If there was a suitable person present, he would then be invited by the ruler to deliver a
sermon Acts 13:15-16. the sermon could be delivered either sitting or standing if we meet with both
in New Testament and (Acts 13:16, Luke 4:14). It is generally assume that the singing of psalms had
its place in his synagogue was the kind of worship which has kept alive the spiritual vision and
aspiration of Jewish people 19 century since the temple destruction. It is also the kind of worship to
which and his disciples were accumslumed and which Jewish Christians, attended for number of
Jews. And synagogue is the cradle of the church.
In the New Testament temple and synagogue worship are again found Christ participated in
both. But he always in calculated the worship that is the love of the heart towards a heavenly Father.
Jesus himself was accustomed to every Sabbath (Luke 4:16). Synagogue worship made a greater of
Christian worship. At the beginning the church did not abandon temple worship and probably
Christian continued to attend the synagogue services too. Christian continue to worship with Jews for
a considerable period until their explosion from the synagogue (Acts 13:45-46) Acts 18:6-9).

The prayer reveals the Christian devoted them as part of life of the newly founded church
Acts 4:42. They are probably the temple prayers which accompanied the sacrifices and offering. In
Acts 3 peter and John were going up to the temple in the hour of prayer this probably until AD 61 the
martyrdom of James. The bother of Mark rejection of Christianity by Jews.

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 When the break between Judaism and church finally came, Christian worship may have been
modeled in the synagogue worship. Paul apparently observes the festival of Passover and the festival
Pentecost with Christian meaning Acts 20:
Circumcision continues in the Jewish church without controversies but then the controversy
only arose when it was extended to the gentiles (Gal 2:5-6,11,16). From the beginning Christian
services specially associated with the first day of the week Acts 20:7 Rev 1:10.
Clearly the main day of the worship was the Lord’s Day. Although we do here of daily of
services at the beginning Acts 22:46, Christian worship expresses homage in terms of redemption
and divine presence of Christ Baptism, Lord supper, prayer are the primary means by which the
relationship with the God is expressed.

Worship in the early church

Capitalism, socialism, communism commonism – biblical- sharing according to the need.
In the New Testament worship is seen in the activities of the Jerusalem temple. However for
members of the early church worship became personal as they suffered excommunication from
corporate temple worship. Following the teachings of jesus who stated that worship was also an
expression of one’s individual relationship with God (John 4:22-24). Worship was partly expression
of personal spiritual formation in the broader sense New Testament worship includes gentiles (I Cor
10:14 as well as Jewish practices (Heb 8:5). and continues heavenly praise (Rev 5:14) as well as
specify actions (John 9:38). Christian gathered to eat together. That is to celebrate the Lord supper to
baptize the new member to read the scripture. to listen to God speech to them through often
Christian, to experience healing, to pray and sing hymns of praise and thanks giving to God. These
activities were not tied to particular places. Could be practiced virtually anywhere.
Early Christian worship awes much to the Jewish worship especially that of the, synagogue.
The gospels provide several examples of early Christian praise that also Zechariah and song of
Simeon.

[song of mary- Luke 1:46-55

Zechariah- Luke 1:67-79
Simeon- Luke 2:28-32]

From the outset the Christian church recognize herself as people who worship. In the early
church Christian normally worship in homes (Acts 2:46,11:12,12;12), public halls acts 19:9
synagogue, ( Acts 13:14, 14:1, 1:1-2) and the temple Acts 2:46. Evangelism was conducted in those
places and in the open places. (Acts 16:13-14, 7:23-25) when worship was conducted in believers
houses there was no official ministers. Simplicity would be the key note of these house church
worship services. Consisting for the most part of praise (Eph 5:19, Col 3:16) prayer reading from the
scriptures and exposition. In the church at Corinth we hear of speaking in tongues (I Cori 14) the
love feast followed by the Lord supper (I Cor 11:23-28) were also common features of Christian
worship. But the emphasis though out would be up on the spirit and the inner love and devotion of
true heart. As the church began to expand across also and Europe worship again took on a corporate
expression, as those with the spiritual gift of pastor began to organize and build the church.
Corporate worship became a focal point of church activity. Pastors leads their congregation in
singing public prayer reading scriptures exposing the biblical text and giving arms for the poor.

Early Christian song

The use of Hebrew and Aramaic worship links the New Testament Christian liturgy with its

7
Jewish origin such amen, hallejuah , Abba. Rom 8:15, Gal 4:6 maranatha-come oh Lord. I Cor 16:23,
and Hosanna. Further we have seen ascription of praise to God beginning with blessed be God. Eph
1:3, I Pe 1:3, then followed the pattern of Hebrew benedictions in Christian worship.
Singing played an important part in early Christian worship. The Lord and disciple sang a
hymn of psalm together for worship with a him a lesson a revelation, a tongue or an interpretation (I
Cori 14:7 Acts 16:28, Eph 5;14 Col 3:16 I Tim 3:16, Christian greed.
Music and singing were included in the early church (Col 3:16, Eph 5:19 Acts 16;28). what is
central to Christian worship is not forms but the presence of the triune God who through his word
the bible and by his Holy spirit enlivens, enlightens, and enables all who him in spirit and truth.

Prayer reading and teaching

Prayer was also a part of public worship in the apostle church. Prayer was control group
activity of the earliest Palestinian Christian communities described in 9Acts 1:14,2:42, 4:23-31, 6:4).
Instruction is given in I Tim 2:1-2 about prayers and thanksgiving to be made for all people
and especially for kings and others in of authority and for peace. This would be followed by the
saying of Amen by all congregations. The Lord’s Prayer was certainly the most widely used of all
ancient Christian prayers. The didake an early Christian manual of instruction provides version of the
prayer almost identical.
The public reading of the Old Testament had its place in early Christian worship I Tim 4:13
this was supplemented by the occasional reading of the letter of an apostle (I The 5;27).
Paul’s out in public assembly as the congregations gathered in homes, for a liturgical service
and assembly (I Cori 5:3-5, Col 3:16, I The 5:27), teaching had also its place in the apostolic church
(I Cor 14:26) it is evident that the four elements of the Christian worship singing of praise prayer,
scripture reading and exposition or teaching had a place in the apostolic church worship.

Worship of the Corinthian church

After discussion of spiritual gifts in I Cori 12:13, Paul focuses on the role of thanks and other
activities Christian worship I Cori 14 this description of is important and has became the basis of
describing the characteristic of the service of the word. The use of special gift of prophecy speaking
in tongue and interpreting played an important part in the Corinthian church. For Paul in Christian
Assembly, singing and blessing with the spirit, to which the response Amen is ordinarily accepted ( I
Cor 14:15-23). Paul wants those present to be edified and so emphasizes the value of the
interpretation or explanation of glossolalia in ordinary human language and particularly stresses the
value of prophecy Paul recommends that when Christian assemble each one comes with a previously
prepared hymn, lesson, Revelation, tongue, or interpretation. The intention is on individual
participation for natural benefit. Paul recommends that maximum of three people we all owed to
speak in tongue accompanied by interpretation and a maximum of prophets allowed to prophesied
(v.29). The other prophets present should be evaluating what individual prophet say (I Cori 14-26).

Several conclusions can be drawn from Paul’s discussions

1. The general sequence at Christian Assemblies appears to begins with the Lord’s sipper and
continue with a variety of activities, revelations, glossolalia, interpretation of glossolalia and
prophecy.
2. The Corinthian worship service appears to have been relatively free and unstructured. And
they are far from being a model in worship (I Cori 14:33-40). so Paul’s recommendation have the
force of introducing (a) order in a worship service (b) Good manners 14:33,30 (c) Solemnity (d)
Comprehensively and (e) Male dominants in to the proceedings therefore Paul lays down regulations

8
for the use of tongue and prophecy.
3. In Paul’s brief discussion of a number of activities which took place worship services at
Corinth the only elements reflecting a Jewish origin is the mention of the responsorial Ámen (I Cori
14:16).
4. Paul does not mention readings from the scripture homilies the this of peace or other ritual or
activities of Christian worship. Because a detailed descript-icon of the structure and activities of
worship was not his main purpose. However there is the need to control prophecy and spirit inspired
speech especially by women prophets ( I Cori 14:34-36).

Theological foundations of Christian worship

Theological foundations of Christian worship. Worship and theology continue to interact and
in church dogma mediate between them.

1. Worship is paying homage to God and grateful submission to God Hebrew word most
commonly translated to worship. Bend oneself over waist.
From earliest times them expressed the oriental custom of bowing own kissing the feet, or
touching the hem of a garment as a total bodily gesture of respect before a great one. Gen 18:2, Ex
12:7, II Sam 14:4. In the Old Testament this gesture expressed surrender or submissive on to the
living and true God. Some time it was mediate and spontaneous reaction towards divine action and
revelation. Specifically motivated by awe and gratitude (Gen 24:26-27, Ex 4:31, 34:8, Judges 7:15).
It could be formal way of expressing devotion to God or dependence on God ( Dt 26:1-11, Ps 95:1-7,
I Chr 29:20-21, II Chr 7:3-4, Neh 8:6).

2. Worship as service to God. (Why we serve God? God has called us. God has loved us even
when we were unworthy).
Another Hebrew word Ebed - which literally means to serve. The purpose of Israel’s
redemption from slavery was to release the people for exclusive service to the Lord (Ex 3:12, 4:23,
and 8:1). A complex system of scarifies and rituals was instituted by God so that Israel could serve
him appropriately at his chosen sanctuary. eg,. The Passover was a service to be observed in
remembrance of the Lord’s saving work at the time of the exodus (12:28-27, 13:5). The ministry of
priest and Levites was a specialized form of service to God. A total life style of allegiance to God
was clearly required of God’s people (Dt 10:12-13, Jos 22:5, 24:14-24).

Worship as respect for God

Another group of terms was used to indicate the fear reverence, respect due for God. such fear
involved in:
 Keeping his commandments (Due 5:29, 6:24)
 Obeying his voice, (I Sam 12:14, Hag 1:12)
 Walking in his ways. (Due 8:6, 10:12, II Chr 6:31)
 Turning away from evil (Job 1:1, 2:3, 28:28, Prove 3:7)
 Serving him (Due 6:13, 10:20, Josh 24:14 Jonah 1:9)
Sacrifices and other rituals were clearly a way of expressing reverence to God, but
faithfulness and obedience to the covenant demands of God in every spare of life, are also the
distinguish marks of true respect for God (Ex 18:21, Ps 25:14, Mala 3:16,4:2).

Nature of Christian worship

The worship of God is a primary activity of the church. It accomplishes man’s chief end,

9
which according to the west minister catechism is to glorify God and enjoy him forever. We worship
God in response to revelation at the heart of Christian worship is God himself. In order to worship
truly two fundamental essentials are needed.
1. Revelation through which God shows himself to human being.
2. Responds- through which are stricken human being respond to God. Martin Luther stated that “to
know God is to worship him”
3. God makes himself known in a number of ways through his works in creation (Ps 19:1). Through
his written word (Ps 19:7), supremely through Jesus Christ (Jn 1:18), through the Holy spirit (Jn
16:13) Christian worship depends on that revelation it is therefore founded on theology.
Worship is a faithful human response to the revelation of God’s being character, and will. in
worship God is adored, as God, God’s character is praised and thanks are given for God’s acts and
conformity to God’s will is sort. worship is the reflection of the God’ love in a personal which is
encounter a communion which is reciprocal. involving a sacrifices of praise Heb 13:15. on the part of
the created and redeemed. God precedes humanity in not only in the mighty need deeds of creation
and redemption but also it calling for and in some sense enabling the ever renewed response of
worship.
Finally worship is participation in the life of God in the mode appropriate to created bring.
Worship is a highly personal and dynamic expression of one’s relationship with God. True worship
flows out of a heart which has been touched by the realization that God is merciful toward those who
have repented of their sin. The God is tender with broken heart and his kindness motivate a sinner to
repentance.

Community character of worship

Characteristically Christian worship is a Trinitarian in theme and structure the etymology of
litergia streets that worship is the work of the whole people. It senses that it calls for the active
participation of whole assembly each member in its role.
Another interpretation makes of the liturgy a public service rendered by a church on behalf of
a world which is no longer or not yet able or willing to worship God in agreement with the occasion
of humanity.
Recently many people who claim to be Christian have questioned the need of joining
together with others inn corporate worship. Its springs partly from the loose of the sense of God’s
reality and of the importance of the human’s relation to him. its springs also from the proud
individualism which is unwilling to be one of a crowd. However corporate worship is God’s
appointed ways by which believers in a particular place should honor him. Jesus sanctioned it by his
presence and example (Luke 4:16). Through public worship and the ministry of the word and
sacraments the Christian grows in grace and becomes capable of offering worthily worship here are
the chief reasons.

1. The Lord has promised hi presence in a special to the company of believers (Mt18:20)
2. The church is above all worshipping community the spiritual temple in which God dwells
and is worship with spiritual sacrifices (Acts 2:42-47).
3. The spirit of the believer is more aroused to worship in the company of his or her fellow
believers.
4. Each Christian congregation gathered for worship is in fellowship with the company of
Christian everywhere (I Cor1;2).
5. In corporate worship we can receive blessings through the ministry of God chosen savior who
are trained and are his gift to the church for this very purpose. (Eph 4:11-42)

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 Further Paul regularly uses the terminology of building up or edification rather than the
language of worship to indicate the purpose and function of Christian gathering ( I Cori 14:3-
5,12,17,26, I Thess 5:11 I Ph 4:11-16). This imagery portraits founding mainstay and advancing of
the church as God’s eschatological building. Which all ministry must be understood as a respond
others is an aspect of our service or self giving to God when Christian gather together to ministry the
truth of God to one another is love the church is manifested maintained and advanced in God’s word.
Therefore there congregation a worship is a particular expression at a total life response that is the
worship of the new covenant. In the giving and receiving of various ministry Christian may
encounter God and submit themselves to him afresh in praise and obedience, repentance and faith
(Col 3:15, I Cori 14:24-25) worship and edification can be two different ways of describing the same
activity ministry exercised fort the building up of the body of Christ is a significant way of worship
and glorifying God.
The concept that the temple represents Lords presence as the body of the Lord Jesus was
extended to include the gathered church as his body. We are living stones built up in to a spiritual
house, a holy priesthood, offering spiritual scarifies pleasing to God (1 Peter. 2:4-5). At worship
believers are actively to seek the good of the entire church, and thereby to glorify God (1 Cor 10:31)
and enjoy his presence. While at the same time recalling them that God is really among them grace (1
Cor. 14:25; 5:3-5; 11:29-32; 16:22).

Expression of Faith – worship

Worship is a highly personal and dynamic expression of once relationship with God for this
reason it is different to schedule or prescribed. True worship flows out of a heart which has been
touched by the realization that God is gracious and merciful towards those who have repented of
their sins who have repented of their sins. The God is tender with broken hearted and that his
loudness motivates the sinner to repentance.
As demographic (Population) occur over time personal preferences towards worship in the
church will likewise also change traditional forms of worship such as singing church creeds or older
hymns may be the preferred method of worship expression for some. Younger audiences may prefer
more contemporary music, to complement the singing of worship Choruses. It is not that the one
expression is right and the other is wrong one is simply more appropriate to a particular audience due
to cultural demographic and sociological factors. Many churches have experienced a moderate
decree of success by blending worship styles in the service. This approach seeks to have both hymns
and choruses in the service. A good deal of care and for thought must be give to corporate worship as
we continue to preserve the churches vitality ability to impact the world for Christ.

Worship in Spirit and Truth

In John 4:22-24 a Samaritan woman enquires about the appropriate place to worship God a
leading Jesus to speech more fundamentally about how to worship God acceptably. In contrast with
Samaritan worship Jewish worship was truly based on divine revelation and was there for honoring
to God (v. 22).
Worship in spirit and truth john 4:23 involves acknowledging Jesus as the truth who uniquely
reveals the father and his purposes (8:47, 1 ch8 ) it also means reviving him also is available for all
who believe in him. (7:20-34). True homage and devotion top God is possible only to those who
recognize the significance of Jesus and yield him their allegiant. The father cannot be honored unless
due for him as the son. (John. 5:22-23, 8:49) It could be argued that apostolic preaching aimed to

11
bring people to worship Christ in the sense of yesterday their allegiance to him as saviour and Lord
(Acts 6: 10:36-37; Rom. 10:9-13).

In our Asian Indian churches today Indian circumstances and customs are changed practices
before greatly from country to country and from church to church. Pour ways of worship today must
be related on the one hand to the unchanging gospel of our lord and saviour Jesus Chrsit. On teh
other hand to the genius of our own land and even in some decree the spirit of our own day and age
an unthinking and uncomfortable limitation of our land our age cannot aid us to seeking and to
worship god today in spirit and truth.

Preaching
Homily
Sermon
Message

Homilities deals h all sides of preparation and delivery of sermon. Homiletics is taken from
the word homili as a subject, homiletics deals with the subject all that is related to the signs of
preparation and the delivery of the sermon. It investigates the nature and subject matter of sermon.
According to Philips Brooks. Preaching is the communication of truth by men to men. It has
two essential elements. Truth and personality. Preaching is the truth to personality.
W.E Manning, preaching is the manifestation of the infant words from the written word by the
spoken word.
Chrales R Brown, preaching is the effective communication of divine truth as continued in
the scriptures by a man called of God to witness for him to a redemptive deed for the purpose of
giving eternal life through Jesus Christ. ‘
Philip Greenslade, says that Biblical preaching empowered by the spirit is performative
speech. It is speech that prolongs the gospel, prophetically envincons confronts enemy powers and
does so in priestly service of the God we worship. It is speech that is not merely words but words that
perform an action. In true preaching something is not truly said something is done.
Bible is the full of examples of the way in which creature word of God accomplished such this in the
creative and powerful speech of God himself (Gen 1:3)

Preaching Biblical and Theological Perspective

Good preaching has reflected sound theology communicated through preaching. Theology
and preaching are interlinked or interconnected, behind the concept and act of preaching their lies a
doctrine of God. A conviction about his being. Hence it is the prime business of the preacher to
present the truth of god to people.
The art of preaching is a combination of exposition, exhortation, testimony and teaching. But
it cannot be reduced to any one of these preaching is a theological act because the preacher speaks of
God and for God. Some of the essential elements of theology for preaching are refelected below.

God who speaks:

One has to preach because God has spoken. And he has commanded to preach the word (II
Tim 4:2). This is fundamental conviction of Christian faith and of Christian preaching. Therefore
preaching is bearing witness to what the bible witnesses to itself that it is the word that god has
spoken. The elevation of God is always either expressed or explained through words. It is by the
words which God has spoken that we know who he is and the meaning of his works. His saying acts.

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It is by these words that we know of the identity and significance of his son and of his plan of
salvation and of the gospel. The idea of god’s revelation as speaking or words is so powerful than it
is use d as metaphor for God’s self revelation in his son.
The kind of God we believe in determines the kind of sermons we preach. The theology of
preaching is to speak of the God of that bible in the way it reveals Him. Preaching is witnessing to
the truth of God (I Cor 1:2). Preaching is essential a theological reflection. Preaching is a theological
act because it is God who speaks or tries to speak through our preaching.

The Son who saves

The author of Hebrew records that in the past god spoke to our forefathers through the
prophets but in these last days He spoke through His son (Heb. 1:12) it is through Jesus Christ that
God reconciled the world to himself. Therefore preaching is one means by which the redeemed bear
witness to the Son who saves. The life, death, and resurrection of Christ is the back bone of the
preachers convictions. There are three basic foundations in preachers’ convictions about the person
and work of Christ. His in incarnation, his public ministry that illuminated in His death by
crucifiction and his resurrection and final exaltation to his former glory these are the essentials in
Christian preaching.
According to Mark 6:12 Jesus himself sent his disciple out to preach repentance. Even the
church has received the change to preach the good news to all the creation (Mk 16:15). There is
preaching is an extension of Jesus’ own will work and the church preaches because it has been
commanded to do so. The preachers preach for God on the basis of what God has spoken concerning
himself and His Son who saves.

The Theology of the Spirit:

The theology of preaching cannot be separated from a theology of Spirit. Preaching is
effective only when t is done in the empowerment of spirit. The very first Christian preaching took
place on the day of Pentecost was an example of how the theology of the spirit connect with theology
of preaching. The spirit of God empowers the preacher to preach the word.
The preacher stands before the congregation as the external minister of the word, but the Holy
Spirit works as the internal minster of that same word. Theology of preaching must take the role of
spirit in to full view. Because without understanding of the work of the Spirit the teeth of preaching
becomes imbalance and powerless. the holy spirit performs his work of inspiration, indwelling,
regeneration and sanctification as the inner minister of the word. both the preacher and the audience
depend on the illumination granted by the holy spirit for understanding the text.

The Authority of the Preacher: (II Tim 4:2)

The authority of the preacher derives directly from the scripture and person. God empowers
the preacher with the authority he has invested in the scripture. The Bible is both the subject and
object of preacher’s authority. It is the source for the preachers preaching and also the sustainer of the
preachers spiritual life. What the preacher says is what God has already said. God spoke through
different context to different people and the conviction of the preacher is that God does same even
today. Thus God is speaking through his chosen preachers even today.

Preaching is a ministerial act:

Every Christian believer also feels commission to preach does it only in the context of the
ministry of the whole church (Eph 4:11). Preachers are those who enable and equip the people of

13
God for their ministry in the world. Preachers are not experts speaking to no experts. They together
with the people god attempt to understand to reinterpret in a Christian way what the Christian faith
involves. The whole act of preaching must include both what the preacher does and what the
audience does. Without the action of either side there is no preaching no living sermon will come into
being.

Preaching is an Incarnational act:

The God’s word is creative and it brings cosmos out of chaos god speaks and communicate
through nature, through his prophets and so on. In New Testament there is an new understanding
God’s word that is a concept of logos. God is communicating through his word. But it took flesh in
Jesus of Nazareth. According to John 1:14 God spoke to us through logos his son who was born as
flesh and dwelt among us as incarnate Word of God.
If preaching is to be that of word of God. It must becomes flesh. Preaching is an incarnation
act. A preacher is the one who stands close to the people. Knowing their struggles, fens, temptations
and even trails, and speaking to them the word of God. Only in participating in the lives and
struggles of the people can our preaching become authentic and relevant and meaningful to the
listeners. incantation preaching can be effective communicating preaching.

Preaching is a Theological Acts.

Theological education is needed for meaningful preaching. Theological means two things.
Preaching is a theological Acts because it is God who speaks Christ to speech through our preaching.
God is the subject of our preaching; preaching is the theological out because it involves a serious
reflection on the Christian faith. Every out of preaching involves a theological activity.
Preaching is the final expression of theology. It has been toward preaching that theology has
been tendency for preaching every aspect of preaching is theological. No one can really preaching
the gospel without a theology. The gospel is showed through with theological implication. No person
can be an effective preaching of the gospel unless his or her preaching is undergirded by solid
dogmatic affirmations and sound theological things.
Preaching involves the art of making connections between the Christian tradition and
contemporary human experience. Therefore the preaching is involved in theological act.
Theology without proclamation is empty proclamation without theology is blind theology
exist only as a preparation for preaching therefore where theology is deprecated doctrinal instability
prevails and God’s people are Robed of Christian vitality. So theology is essential for preaching and
it influences ones preaching.

Survey of the preaching in Bible

Role and Significance of preaching in the Bible
Preaching is in dispensable to Christianity without preaching necessary part of is authenticity
has been lost for Christianity is in its very essence a religion of the word of God God’s self revelation
has been given by the most street forward means of communication known to us. Namely by the
word of God or God calls upon those who have burden his words to speech in to the Christian
preaching is the biblical history.

1. Old Testament preaching

Due 6:4-9, 11:1321, Num 15:33-41 II Peter 2:5.
The nation of Israel formed and sustained by preaching shame that stars with here Israel Due

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6:4-9, 11:13-21, Num 15:37-41 even before this creed was introduced there were preacher the
earliest mentioned person Noah a preacher of righteousness II Peter 2:5. As the story of Israelite
progressed the prophets and the priests played an important role in reminding the people of the law
of God and will of God both the oral and the canonical prophets had gathered around them disciples
who not learn from them but also served us their messengers. The long and glorious history of
Hebrew prophecy preaching the way for Christian preaching. We notice a shift in the emphasis of the
prophet after the return from exile.
This shift was occasioned by the fact that the exiles have lived in captivity in a forcing land
and were exposed to cultural and linguistic changes Neh 8:1-12 there are some special features of
this shift in v. 1
V.1a we can see an assembled congregation.
v.1.b the mention about the book of the law this forms the content of their communication
v.2.3 we read of the ;law cloud so that people could hear and listen attentively.
The place of a pulpit a high wooden plat form built for the occasion is to be noticed.
v.4 mentions the names of other scribes.
v.8 is the significant for our purposes. The read from the book of law of God making it clear and
giving the meaning so that the people could understand what has been read.
Three elements are worth noting.
1. Reading of the book of the laws
2. Making if clear or exposition of which was being read and thirdly giving the so that people
could understand (application putting in to practice).

Synagogue worship- During or after exile.

Synagogue worship may have had i9ts origin either during or after the exile. But what
necessitated its coming in to existence is known from its influence on the Diaspora away from the
temple worship and away from established Jewish religion. A synagogue was formed if there were
ten male Jews present in any occasion. After refining from exile the Jews established synagogue in
every town. Two important elements of synagogue service.
1. Reading of portions from the Old Testament law or Law of Moses reading from prophet
2. Its exposition by the elders Lk 4:16-21, Acts 13:15
If there was a suitable person present he would then be invited by the ruler to deliver a
sermon which would theses form a fourth part of the service Acts 13:15
Paul in the synagogue at Antioch in pisidia where the ruler asked him and Barnabas though
the attended Brethren if you have any word of exhortation for the people say it (Acts 13:16). The
sermon could be delivered either sitting or attending Luke 4:20 Acts 13:16 the exposition of the
scripture usually today the form of a homily later synagogue provided both to Jesus and his disciples
a readymade congregation- already trained in keeping the exposition of God’s word in a special sat
apart for sacred discourse.

New Testament preaching

The N. T is used for preaching and teaching from the early centuries of Christianity. The N.T
shows, the significance of preaching the word of God tho0gh Jesus and his disciples in the
opening pages N.T we find the preaching ministry of John the Baptist and Jesus Christ.

John the Baptist

He was considered too be the last in the line of the prophets his preaching in most parts

15
resembles like O.T prophets. Two things about his preaching ( Luke 3:1_20)
1. He was preparing for the message to come
2. A message of Judgment calling people to repentance
According to the synoptic John preach a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sin Mk 1:4, Lk
3:3, he called up on his listeners to prepare for the advent of one stronger then he who would come
and baptize him ( Matt 3:11 Lk 3:16) he came as a messenger of Christi’s coming ,his ministry was
to witness to Christ. The long awaited savior finally his public ministry was selected with a reward of
a prophet that is martyrdom.

Jesus Christ
He is considered to be the first preaching of Christianity what Jesus preach is called the
gospel of God. (Mk 1:14) the gospel of the kingdom ( matt 4:33) the gospel of the kingdom of God
(Luke 4:43) in the coming of Jesus the corner stone of Christian preaching was laid Mk Announced
at the beginning of his gospel account Jesus’ came preaching Mk 1:14.
The synoptic gospel writers present Jesus is in involving in a three ford ministry.
1. Teaching in synagogues.
2. Preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God.
3. Healing people of tall kinds of sickness (Mt 9:35, Mk 1:39, Luke 4:18) while his subject of
preaching was kingdom of God the method he employed in his teaching was through parable. This
has gained him an unparallel title, “teacher par excellent”. The gospels present Jesus to as a
wandering charismatic missionary. He not only preached the gospel of the kingdom of God. Through
powerful deeds of miracle and compassionate out of healing sick and feeding the needy.
The common people heard him gladly because he spoke in the familiar language of the people
with authority. Jesus Nazareth manifesto clearly declared his mission. Luke’s summary draws on Isa
6:1-2 (Luke 4:16). Good news to the poor release to the captives, sight to the blind, liberty to the
oppressed and for all the years of God’s favor ( Luke 4:18-19). In the person work and words of
Jesus a new era begins the main subject of his preaching was the kingdom of God Jesus used parable
to teach divine truth. He not only preached but also evidenced the presence of the kingdom of God
through miracles, healing, and feeding the hungry. He spoke with authority he was distinctive in
preaching. He thought much important divine truth. This forms of address and method of question
and answer drawn from passing events. The habit of enforcing truth by a metaphor is not strange to
Jesus. Truth on his lips was simple rather than complex. Objective rather than subjective Jesus had
always attracted people to listen to him. he preached in synagogue in homes by the seaside
mountains, cities, Galilean road villages Jesus preached wherever he could he never neglected any
place and any person.

The importance of preaching of Apostles& early church

The book of acts records the preaching ministry of Jesus disciples beginning on the day of
Pentecost (Acts 7:14). The tradition of preaching from the prophet, John the Baptist and Jesus are
continued with the apostles. Acts 5:42 in addition to the disciples. (Acts 2:1-8, Eph 4:11), the whole
church at times became involved in forms of preaching (Acts 8:4). The church was born because of
preaching and was sustained by preaching. Acts of Apostles contains a number of sermons and
portions of sermons (2:14-36, 3:12-26, 13:16-41, 17:21-31). Most of them delivered by Peter and
Paul.
Peter’s address at Pentecost inaugurated the preaching of the Apostles in the new era, which
had dawned on the world.

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 The preaching ministry of the disciple of Jesus begin to preach (Acts 2:14). Their central
emphasis was herygmatic proclaiming the good news of the resurrection of Christ. The apostle
witness to the fact that Jesus was raised from dead. Acts 2:42 states that and they devoted themselves
to the apostles teaching and to fellowship to the breaking of bread and to prayers. Acts 6:4, shows
that the apostles devotes themselves to prayer and to the ministry of the word. It is clear that
preaching and teaching word of God was central to the life of the church.

Preaching of Paul and his disciples:

Paul understood his mission to be that of a preacher is quiet clear from Paul himself for Christ
did not send me to baptize but preach the gospel. Preaching was not a role Paul had chosen himself.
He spoke of being compelled to preach and confess owe to me if I do not preach (I Cor 9:15). There
are many reminders to the churches of what Paul preached when he was present with them (I Cor
15:1, 31, Gal 3:1). Paul preached Christ crucified and his message was what he received the focus of
Paul, s preaching was the death and resurrection of Christ as the demonstration of Gods righteous
grace. This was basic paradigm (Gal 14-17, II Cor4:10-11)
Paul understood that the gospel had been entrusted to him by God therefore he avoided all
flattery and deceit and spoke openly as a man approved and by the God to be entrusted with the
gospel (I Thes 2:4,5). At the end of Paul’s life Paul passes his mission to Timothy with this word
"preach the wood" (II Tim 9:2 Paul’s message centered on then person of Christ (Gal 1:16).
specifically Christ crucified (I Cor1:23) and risen from the dead (I Cor 15:12) the context of his
message is describe by a variety of term such as word faith ( Rom 10:8) Jesus Christ as Lord .
Paul’s letters are ideal sources for contemporary preaching because of their 'herygmate nature
as Paul’s letters were extremely relevant for early church so sermons on his letters can be strongly
relevant for the church today.

Preaching and communication

Preaching is one of the primary form communication. It is seen as the mode of
communication. Of the Christian faith, therefore preaching is an area which demander serious
attention of people and study.
Communication as the transform mission of information, ideas, emotions and skills. By then
use of symbol like words pictures figure's and ground. In this sense preaching could be the
transmission of a message from Gods word by the preaching to the listener in other works preaching
is an exercise in social influence in which the preaching seeks to bring the beliefs attitudes values
and behavior or the listener in to conforming of the word of God.

Preaching As the Method of Communication the Gospel

preaching is the form of human communication with divine intervention in the process of
delivery this communication is a vehicle to a Christian preacher to communicate Word of God to
fellow human beings. Preaching would occur whenever preachers meaning and listeners meaning
meets together. If there is no meeting of the listeners life with. If there is not meeting of the listeners
lives with the Word of God then preaching has not occurred therefore preaching is the method of
communicating the good news of Jesus Christ.

1. Understanding the social context

Preaching involves in both centre and the receiver or audience. They are influenced by many
sociological life experience and culture and geographical area as well as language. A preacher who

17
keeps a great distance from his or her people cannot understand the context of the people and intern
the message would not be meaningful and relevant to the audience. With the understanding of social
context of the people the preacher is in a better position to communicate the message effectively ti
the audience.

2. Understanding the needs of people

Both in preaching and communication the preacher direct their message to a targeted group or
audience. While the message is being encoded the audience decodes it. In this interaction both are in
touch with each other. Communication is a two way process. The preacher should be in constant
touch with the audience in their struggles, joy, sorrows etc..
The preacher should listen to the audience before she preaches. Creature listening increases
communication. Therefore the preacher should understand the needs of the people, and the message
should tune accordingly. Both the preacher and audience must be on the same wave length.

3. Linking the gospel and the needs of the people

A sermon is not merely a talk, addressed to whom it may concern. But it is a proclamation of
the gospel address to a distinctive group of believers. Connectedness to the congregation or audience
can be said as a key to successful communication. Because if the connection is lost all process is a
futile attempt. Preaching is not simply saying something very specific. So the message should be
prepared and communicated depending up on the educational, cultural, social, economic and spiritual
background of the congregation. Preacher’s message should address the needs of the people.
Analyze the nature and magnitude of congregant’s attitude towards of the topic of the
message and preacher. Make the message relevant to the congregants by using their own language
and simple terms.
Preaching as a communication is a two way process therefore speaking and listening are
essential components. Communication is not only a matter of listening but also a matter of another
person understanding. Effective communication is accomplished when the amount of quality and
accuracy achieved.

Preaching compared to other methods of communication

1. Preaching as communication
Preaching and communication both as a subject seems to be paradox. Preaching is a form of
human communication but theologically it is divine event whose essence cannot be explained by or
reduced to communication. Donald Macleod mentions that "preaching is transferring of something
from one mind to another. In preaching the nature of communication means what to preach and the
end result that is sought 'why to preach' are very important and also different from the aims of other
communication. Therefore the preacher must never overlook the fact that there is a human at both of
the sermon i.e, the human in the pulpit and human in the pew. Effective communication in preaching
is always involved the preachers moral character. To be more effective the quality that needs to be
restored so that honesty can be the main communicator and can be the rigat scriptural interpretation
absence of plagiarism, fair acknowledgement of illustrations etc,. Edward irving's lifestyle was the
best example, which says that “lived his sermons and preached his life. Simply transfer of though.
But in preaching the medium is no merely word but the whole human is involved.

2. Preaching as interpersonal communication

When the message is communicated between the centre and receiver in a proper way it is

18
interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication means communication between the
centre and receiver. Preaching has a communication event which happens between the preacher and
the receiver. So it is a form of interpersonal communication. Normally interpersonal communication
is seen as one to one communication. But in preaching interpersonal communication means one to
much or many individuals. However the preacher is speaking to every individual personally.
Therefore a sustained relationship and transparency are essential for interpersonal communication.

3. Preaching as group communication

Preaching is not only one to one communication but it can be a group communication.
I Tim 3:1-2
There are possibilities in preaching by using a drama or dialogue or an open discussion.
Drama enables the realization that communication of the intention poem, play, sermon sights,
sounds, and gestures in a continuity of time. The group communication involves the transmission of
the message to a group of people. Group communication can also be called as mass communication.
The preacher who uses mass communication is involved in one speaking to much type
communication.

Feedback
C. R. W David argues that preaching is a one way traffic. The preacher preaches receiver
receives but communication becomes complete when the feedback is given by the receiver.
How do enable feedback in preaching?
There are some factors of behavior emerged with the audience. While preaching the preacher
should recognize the body language of the people. Sometime head nod or vocal response or showing
gestures to the audience.
Communication is receiver phenomenon an inherently constructive process in which the
receiver of messages actively builds meaning on the basis of information at hand.

Few tips to improve the communication of sermon

Use of creativity like drama skit involves people in dramas, skit or other creative activities
before sermon. Make preaching inductive. Use chart picture, map. LCD projectors in these ways we
can make preaching so attractive. Stop before people lose concentration. Effective speech or dramatic
presentation of message involves the congregation in reading the scripture. Involvement of the
congregation also needed. Use the modern information and communication to improving the
communication. We need to continue to evaluate our preaching .Mk 3:31-35; 4:1-20, Mt 9:18-26

Text
Background / context place - significance
Immediate context
Observation of text
Word study names / place
Truth derived / spiritual thought / truth
Main points and sub points
Application
Introduction / conclusion
Title.

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Parts of a sermon
1. Theme
2. Title
3. Introduction
4. Body of the sermon
5. Application
6. Illustration
7. Conclusion

Elements of Christian worship

Meaning and significance of worship is adoration, praise, confession, thanksgiving and intercession.
Call to worship
It indicates that worship is going to begin, call to worship can be led by silence or with a call
come let us worship God's or a recite (reading from Psalms). Psychologically it is good to have the
congregation stand. We can use variety of Scripture portions and usually call to worship should be
from the Bible. The purpose of call to worship is to set the tone for the whole worship service. The
suggested text for the call to worship are Ps 98: 6-7; 100; 145 : 18-19, Isa 1: 18; 35: 6- 7, Mt 11: 28-
30 etc..

Invocation
Invocation or opening prayer is calling up on the sacred power. Worship is a call upon the
presence of God and call to God to recognize the act of worship. In some churches Bhajans have
become part of invocation. Invocation is address to God while it concerns to the people. It calls upon
God to be present and make himself known among true congregation to prepare their hearts to
receive him.

Adoration
It is the art of giving honor reverence and obedience to God. It is a vital element in worship.
Meditation often prompts to adoration of God.

Praise in worship
In the OT the words for praise mainly used are Hallel. The root meaning of it is connected
with making a noise. Which was originally associated with bodily actions and gestures which
accompany praising. The whole Bible is describing the outburst of praise. They rise spontaneously
from the basic mood of joy which mark the life of the people of God. God takes pleasure and delight
in his works of creation Ps 104: 31 and all creation including the angels (Job 38: 4-7, Rev 4:6-11).
In praise we praise God for who He is and what He is doing. It is an acknowledgement of God's gifts
and a responds in gratitude. In Eph 1:12 Paul says that it is God's will that we should praise his glory.
The goal of mission of praise and of those who participate in this mission is that humanity may adore
God. In Heb 13:18 the church is called upon to offer a sacrifice of praise to God continuously.
Christian praise is a confession and affirmation of their faith in God. Praise therefore is a mark of
people of God ( I Pe 2:9, Eph 1: 3-14, Php 1:11).
The early Christians continue to express their gladness by attending worship in the temple
(Lk 24:53, Acts 3:1). But their experience of new life in Christ was bound to express itself in new
forms of praise (Mk 2:22). Joy was the dominant mood of Christian life. As those who experience
and witnessed the healing and cleansing power of Jesus broke out spontaneously into praise (Lk

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18:43, Mk 2:12). So also in the apostolic church there are frequent examples of such spontaneous
outburst as men began to see and understand the power and goodness of God in Christ (Acts 11:18,
16: 25, Eph 1:1-14). Several New Testament text suggest that the singing the chanting of praise was
an important part of Christian worship (I Cor 14:15, Col 3:16, Eph 5:19)

Confession in worship
The word to confess in both Hebrew and Greek is homologia has a twofold reference. There
is a confession of sin and confession of faith. On the one hand confession means to declare publically
a personal relationship with an allegiance to God. It is an act of joyful commitment made to God in
the presence of the world by which a congregation or individual bind themselves to God or Jesus
Christ. It is a declaration of faith on the other hand it means to acknowledge sin and guilt in the legal
of God's revelation and is therefore generally an outward sign of repentance and faith (Jos 7:19, Lev
26:40, Ps 32:5, Mt 27:4, I Jn 1:9).
Acknowledgement of God's mighty act of mercy and deliverance consequently closely related
to the confession of sin. Both aspects of confession for an integral part of prayer and true worship
(Gen 32: 9-11, Job 33: 26-28, II Chro 6:26). Confession of Jesus Christ is linked intimately with the
confession of sins. To confess Christ is to confess that He died for our sins and to confess ones sins in
real repentance is to look to Christ for forgiveness (confession was a constant element in the ministry
both of our herd and of the apostles, Mt 6:12, Jn 20: 23, Jam 5:16).
Confession of sin is primarily address to God but may also be made before people. Where the
confession is for the benefit of the church or of others. An individual may openly confess sins in the
presence of church or of other believers (Acts 19:18). The church in her confession identifies himself
before many witnesses with the good confession of her crucified and risen savior. In Heb 4: 14-16
and 10: 19-23, Christians are admonished hold fast to their confession and to keep on drawing near to
God with confidence.
Further confession in the NT has an eschatological perspective. Christ will one day confess
before the Father those who confessing today and deny those who deny him (Mt 10:32-33, Lk 12:18,
II Tim 1:11-13, we also confess the second coming of Christ as our future hope (Rom14:11, Php
2:11, Rev 4:11, Rev. 5:12 and 7:10).

Prayers of thanksgiving in worship

Closely related to praise of God in worship, thanksgiving. Thanks giving especially entails
remembering God's answer to prayers as well as what God has done for the individual believer and
believing community (Acts 28:15, Rev 11:17). Thanksgiving is so important in worship. P. Miller
comments that “all prayers are under two categories prayers for help and prayers of thanksgiving.
Christians frequently used thanksgiving pattern of prayers which character strictly began with the
phrase we thank you / I thank you. Christian thanksgiving is in response to what God has done. Heb
12: 28, it is through Jesus Christ that the Christian expressed their thanks to God (Col 3:17, Rom
1:18).
In early Christian community there were special prayers of thanksgiving I connection with
Lord Supper. Giving thanks to God at the breaking of bread recollect that God is creator, founder and
savior. Even as Jesus blessed God (Lk 9:16, 24:13) and gave thanks (Lk 22:17) to God in a typically
Jewish fashion. So the early church gave thanks at the breaking of bread as a testimonial of God's
protection and provision (Acts27:35). Thanksgiving took such a prominent place in the celebration of
Lord's Supper. That the verb Eucharistio (give thanks) provided the name Eucharist for the churches
than acknowledgement of the redemptive work of Christ (I Cor14: 16-17, Col3: 15-17, I Thess 5:17-

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18, I Tim 2:1).

Intercession in worship
As a Jesus Christ is a great intercessor so the church is called to make an intercession for the
world. Intercession is a necessary element in worship. It is essentially a subject of person and of their
needs to seek the blessing of God. It is a sacrificial and priestly maker in which church presents both
God and persons and thinks. When we pray for others it is called intercession.
Paul reveals in Rom 8: 26-27 that the spirit helps us in our weakness, we do not know what
we ought to pray. But the spirit himself intercedes for us through groups that words cannot express.
The central point here namely the assurance that prayer offered by the spirit is according to God's
will. Spirit's intercession from within believer on earth is paralleled by ongoing intercession for
believers by Christ himself in heaven (Rom 8:34). It seems that prayer as an activity of the spirit also
discerns the believer’s deepest needs and communicates them in a unique way directly to God. To
many in the spirit means to pray in that awareness of God which the spirit brings to be able to
approach him in simple trusting confidence as a child to his father. Therefore let us intercede for
others in the power of the spirit.

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