EIA-PPT-moudule-1 Introduction

Department of Civil Engineering
18CEOE05
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Unit-1 INTRODUCTION
JGI
What is Environmental Impact Assessments?
Environmental Include
What is Environmental Impact Assessments?
It is a process of evaluating the likely environmental
impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into
account inter-related socio-economic, cultural, and
human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse. EIA is
a tool used to assess the positive and negative
environmental, economic, and social impacts of a project.
This is used to predict the environmental impacts of a
project in the pre-planning stage itself so that decisions
can be taken to reduce the adverse impacts.
Objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment
1.Identifying, predicting, and evaluating economic,

environmental, and social impacts of development activities.
2.Providing information on the environmental consequences
for decision making.
3.Promoting environmentally sound and suitable
development by identifying appropriate alternatives and
mitigation measures.
History of EIA
Purpose of EIA
•EIA links environment with development for
environmentally safe and sustainable development.
•EIA provides a cost effective method to eliminate or
minimize the adverse impact of developmental projects.
•EIA enables the decision makers to analyse the effect of
developmental activities on the environment well before the
developmental project is implemented.
•EIA encourages the adaptation of mitigation strategies in
the developmental plan.
•EIA makes sure that the developmental plan is
environmentally sound and within the limits of the capacity
of assimilation and regeneration of the ecosystem.
Projects and its environmental Impacts
1. Biodiversity
2. Water
3. Deforestation
4. Pollution
5. Climate Change
Types of EIA:
• Rapid Assessment & -initiation of the new activity -3

months
• Comprehensive Assessment -16 months-4 season-
detail
Rapid EIA : Based on one season data except monsoon
season
Comprehensive EIA : Based on one year data including

monsoon season
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment:
If it is felt that the project is likely to cause some detrimental
effects on the environment, it is subjected to Rapid
Environmental Assessment which involves
1. Identification of the important impacts of the project on the
environment.
2. Evaluation of the impact of the project on the locality or
entire region.
3. Conducting cursory cast benefit analyses.
4. Listing of the issues which are unresolved and which need
examination in detail.
Comprehensive Environmental Assessment:
Comprehensive Environmental Assessment is usually undertaken
after the initial screening and Rapid Impact Assessment has been
performed. The earlier work has already generated some
information about the project and its likely impact on the
environment and it is now a comprehensive study of the critical
aspects of project which is taken-up in the Comprehensive
Environmental Impact Assessment. It usually involves collection
and evaluation of the following set of information.
1. Base-line data about the project, its description in detail along
with the description of the existing environment.
2. Impact Identification.
3. Impact Prediction.
4. Evaluation of the impacts.
5. Mitigative measures and monitoring plans.
6. Informing the society and the decision makers.
Components of EIA:
The difference between Comprehensive EIA and Rapid EIA
is in the time-scale of the data supplied.
Air Environment
Noise Environment
Water Environment
Biological Environment
Land Environment
Socio-economic and health environment
Risk Assessment
Environmental Management Plan
EIS (Environmental Impact Statement):
A document, prepared after careful studies, describing a

proposed development or activity, and disclosing the
possible, probable, or certain effects of that proposal on
the environment.
EIS (Environmental Impact Statement):
•Section 1—Introduces the Proposed Action and its Purpose

and Need
•Section 2—Describes the Affected Environment, provides a
baseline for understanding the current environmental situation in
relation to the Proposed Action.
•Section 3—Presents a Range of Alternatives to the Proposed
Action—this is considered the “heart” of the EIS. There is always
a No Action Alternative presented. Understanding how the
environment would respond if no action were taken helps to
evaluate the Proposed Action and Alternatives.
•Section 4—Analyzes the environmental impact of each of the
Proposed Actions and Range of Alternatives. The analysis
include:
Impacts to threatened or endangered species
Air and water quality impacts
Impacts to historical and cultural sites, particularly sites of
significance for indigenous peoples
Social and economical impacts to local communities,
including housing stock, businesses, property values, and
considerations of aesthetics and noise expected
Cost and schedule analysis for all of the actions and
alternatives presented
FONSI (FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT):
The FONSI is a document that explains the reasons why an

action will not have a significant effect on the human
environment
JGI

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Department of Civil Engineering

1.Identifying, predicting, and evaluating economic,

• Rapid Assessment & -initiation of the new activity -3

Comprehensive EIA : Based on one year data including

A document, prepared after careful studies, describing a

•Section 1—Introduces the Proposed Action and its Purpose

The FONSI is a document that explains the reasons why an

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