1 Complete this blockbuster by

answering the questions below.

G F M
A E C
a What G is an element used in jewellery? Gold
b What A is a single particle of an element? Atom
c What F is H2O for water? Formula
d What E contains only one kind of atom? Element
e What M is made of two or more atoms joined together? Molecule
f What C contains different elements joined together? Compound

2 Compounds contain more than one kind of atom joined together.

a Complete the table below with the names and formulae of the compounds.
Some have been completed for you.

A B C

hydrogen chloride
name: carbon monoxide name: hydrochloric acid name: nitric acid
formula: CO formula: HCl formula: HNO3
D E F

water - dihyrogen monoxide

name: name: sulphuric acid name: methane
formula: H2O formula: H2 SO4 formula: CH4

b Colour the molecules using the colours below:

oxygen – red; carbon – black; hydrogen – grey;
sulphur – yellow; nitrogen – blue; chlorine – green.

• recognise atoms and molecules from particle diagrams

• recognise chemical formulae.

Exploring Science edition 306 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

1 Draw lines to match up the phrases about elements and compounds.

Iron is an element… the elements are joined together.

Sulphur is an element… when the mixture is heated.

In a mixture of iron and sulphur… that is a non-metal.

In the compound iron sulphide… that is magnetic.

Iron and sulphur can react… the elements can be separated easily.

2 Complete the word equation.

iron + sulphur iron sulphide

3 This diagram shows iron sulphide.
a The formula for iron sulphide is FeS. For every one iron atom in iron sulphide, there is
one sulphur atom.
b Colour the iron atoms grey.
c Colour the sulphur atoms yellow.

4 Complete the sentence using words from the box.

A chemical compound always contains the same elements
in the same ratio .

compound ratio same

• recognise and describe differences between elements and compounds

• recognise chemical formulae.

Exploring Science edition 307 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Match up the correct sets of three boxes. You could:
• cut out the boxes and stick them down in sets
• use a key to show which boxes go together.

• recognise descriptions and formulae for elements and compounds.

One atom of carbon

A colourless liquid that Formula:
joined to two atoms
boils at 100 ºC N2
of oxygen

A colourless gas that Eight atoms of sulphur

Formula:
turns limewater joined together in a
O2
milky ring

A poisonous gas that

Formula: Two atoms of oxygen
can dissolve in water
H2O joined together
making an acid

One atom of sulphur

The gas that makes up Formula:
joined to two atoms
nearly 80% of the air CO2
of oxygen

The gas that is used by Two atoms of

Formula:
animals and plants in hydrogen joined to
S8
aerobic respiration one atom of oxygen

A yellow solid that is

Formula: Two atoms of nitrogen
often found around
SO2 joined together
volcanoes

Exploring Science edition 312 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Use the letters in the boxes below to answer the questions that follow.
A B C

all the atoms are the same contains more than one kind
of atom joined together

D E F

smallest particle
of an element

G H I

small group of atoms examples are found in

held together by bonds the Periodic Table

A, D & F, I
1 Which box or boxes describe or show a pure element?
B, C, H
2 Which box or boxes describe or show a pure compound?
B, F, G
3 Which box or boxes describe or show a molecule?
B
4 Which box shows molecules that contain three atoms?
5 Which box shows a diagram of a compound that is not made up of molecules?
H

6 Oxygen gas has the formula O2. Which box shows a diagram of molecules of oxygen gas?
F

• recognise examples of elements and compounds

• recognise the difference between atoms and molecules.

Exploring Science edition 314 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Fill in the gaps in the table below.
Name of compound Description of the Name and symbol of Description of the
and chemical formula compound the elements in the elements
compound
water gas that burns
with a pop
H2O Colourless hydrogen – H
Liquid
gas that makes things
burn brighter
oxygen - O

common salt soft grey metal that

(sodium chloride) reacts easily with air and
NaCl sodium - Na water
white solid/
crystals poisonous green gas
used in swimming pools
chlorine - Cl to kill bacteria

calcium carbonate grey metal that reacts

with water
(chalk) calcium - Ca
CaCO3
white solid
lump black solid that is found
inside pencils
carbon - C

oxygen – O gas that

makes things
burn brighter
gas that turns limewater
Carbon Dioxide milky and that we black solid that
CO2 breathe out carbon - C is formed inside
pencils
gas that
oxygen - O makes things
burn brighter
• recognise how compounds are different from their elements.

Exploring Science edition 315 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Cut out these cards and match them up to make correct sentences.
Arrange the sentences in a sensible order, and stick them into your book.

• identify physical changes and chemical reactions

• give some examples of chemical reactions
• write word equations to show chemical changes.

In chemical changes … it melts to form the liquid metal.

copper carbonate … involves a liquid changing into a solid.

The change of state called freezing … a solid is formed from solutions.

In a chemical change the new substances

are physical changes.
formed …

In a physical change … iron oxide + sulphur dioxide

iron sulphide + oxygen … a new substance is always formed.

In a precipitation reaction. . . are called the products.

Changes of state … copper oxide + carbon dioxide

When gold is heated … no new substances are formed.

Exploring Science edition 318 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

 are both

COPPER
WATER CHEMICALS
and
oxygen to make
and 9
6 are types of are
types
5 OXIDES
CARBON
of can
DIOXIDE
burn
which always
in are
contain
are both compound both
are made of
1 ELEMENTS

contain
more than 8 contain only one type of
are both made of one type of
10 atom each have
a chemical
2
symbol
showing the 4
7 numbers
which join together to make and types of
formula
which have
MOLECULES 3
a chemical

1 There are five boxes on the concept map numbered 1–5. Find the correct word to go in each
box using words from the box below.

atom compounds formula oxygen symbol

2 There are four arrows labelled 6–9. Choose the correct phrase from the box below to go with
each arrow.

contain only one type of… to make… are types of… which join together to make…

3 Write down a phrase that would be correct for arrow number 10.
4 Make a new concept map to explain the difference between chemical reactions and physical
changes, including examples of each type of change. The concept map should include the
words in the box below and any other information you think is important.

chemical reaction physical change reactant product

• explain some of the connections between elements, compounds, atoms,

molecules, formulae and reactions.

Exploring Science edition 323 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

1 Air is a mixture of different gases.
a Colour in the atoms. Use a different colour for each different type of atom.
b Fill in the missing parts of the table.
Name of gas Atoms or molecules? Element or compound?

N N Nitrogen molecules element

O O Oxygen molecule element

O C O Carbon Dioxide molecule compound

H H molecule
O
Water compound

Ar argon atom Element

2 This question is about the particles in different substances. A O O O

O
a Match up the following descriptions with the correct drawing. N N
O O O
The first one has been done for you. O
O
O O
O

B
i pure argon H
H

H
H
O

O O H
H

H
H
H H
ii a mixture of nitrogen and argon O O

C N N
N Ar
N
Ar
iii impure oxygen N
N N
Ar N
Ar

iv pure water D
Ar
Ar
Ar

Ar Ar Ar
b Colour in the atoms the same as for question 1.

• recognise substances as elements, mixtures or compounds from particle diagrams

• explain what is meant by a pure substance.

Exploring Science edition 326 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Elements cannot be broken down into anything simpler as they
only contain one kind of atom. There are about 100 different
elements, with a variety of different properties and uses.

Molecules of an element.

Compounds contain two or more elements that are joined

together chemically. Although there are only 100 elements,
there are millions of different compounds.

Molecules of a compound.

Look at the drawings of atoms and molecules below.

A B C D E F

C
1 Which of the boxes show a pure element?
A
2 Which of the boxes show a mixture of elements?
D
3 Which of the boxes show a pure compound?
4 Which of the boxes show a mixture of compounds? E
The diagrams below show the atoms in three different types of gold.

Gold X Gold Y Gold Z

Key: copper
gold

5 a Which of the above types of gold would be the most expensive? Gold X
b Explain your answer. it contains most percentage of gold

• identify elements, compounds and mixtures from particle diagrams.

Exploring Science edition 331 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

The drawings below show the particles of atoms and molecules in different substances.
A B C

D E F

1 Which of the boxes shows a pure substance? A&C&E

2 Which of the boxes shows an impure substance? B, D & F
3 Which of the boxes shows a pure compound? C
4 Which of the boxes shows a pure element? A & E
5 Match each of the descriptions below with the correct box:
a the atoms of solid pure gold (Au) E
b the molecules of water (H2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) mixed together D
c atoms of the element argon (Ar) as a gas A
d a mixture of solid silver (Ag) with a few atoms of copper (Cu) B
e pure carbon dioxide (CO2) gas C
f a mixture of neon (Ne) and oxygen (O2) gases. F

• recognise substances as elements, compounds or mixtures from particle diagrams.

Exploring Science edition 332 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

1 Find all the elements in the text below and circle them.
2 Underline all the compounds.
3 Draw boxes around the mixtures.
A Rust is formed when iron objects are left out in the air. The iron
reacts with the oxygen in the air to form iron oxide (rust). Rust
can be turned back into iron by mixing it with carbon and heating
it to a high temperature.
B There are a number of different gases in the air. The main ones are
nitrogen and oxygen, but there are also small amounts of argon,
carbon dioxide and water vapour.
C Helium is another gas. There are tiny amounts of helium in the
air. Helium does not burn and will not react with any other
chemicals.
D Soil may contain clay or sand. There may also be some stones and
humus, such as rotting leaves. Worms make sure that air gets into
the soil.
E Sea water is very salty. Rain falls on the land, and tiny amounts of
rocks dissolve in the water and get washed into the sea.
F If you evaporate salty water, common salt is left behind. This
is made of two chemical elements, sodium and chlorine. The
chemical name for common salt is sodium chloride.
4 Explain how you decided if each substance was an element, compound or mixture.
A rust
compound, it is made from iron and oxygen chemically joined together

B air
mixture, made from a mixture of different gases that are not combined together.

C helium
element, just one substance and not combined with anything else

D soil
mixture, may contain clay, stone, air and sand mentioned as sbove

E sea water
mixture of salt and water

F salt
compound - made form the combination between sodium and chlorine

• identify substances as elements, compounds and mixtures

• explain why a substance is an element, compound or mixture.

Exploring Science edition 334 © Pearson Education Limited 2008

Gold jewellery
1 Use the mixed-up letters to make a word that completes the facts about gold.
a The metal most used for good jewellery is gold .

o g l
d

b Gold is a special metal because it is shiny in appearance.

i s n
y h

c Pure gold is not usually used because it is too soft .

t o
f s

d The gold used in jewellery is usually mixed with other

metals like copper .
s a
l m
t e

e Metals mixed with other metals are called

alloys .
o s
l y
l a

2 Complete the information about this gold ring.

The hallmark The number 18 tells us it is 18

tell about where and when the karat gold.
ring was made.
JRM
MVIX 18 750

This gold ring contains 75%

gold and
This is not pure gold. It is an
25% nickel. alloy .

Mixing nickel with the gold makes

it stronger .

• describe what an alloy is • describe why gold is used in jewellery

• explain the hallmarks on gold jewellery.

Exploring Science edition 336 © Pearson Education Limited 2008