Participants and Officials

Participants and Officials
A. Identify the different officials in the game of volleyball.

B. Describe their roles, duties, and responsibilities
Volleyball officials that make up the officiating crew are the first referee, second referee,
scorekeeper, assistant scorer, and line judges.
 First referee
- is in charge from the beginning of the match until the end.
- the first referee has authority over all other members of the officiating crew.
- The first referee should talk to all the officiating crew members before the match starts,
going over any questions officials might have about their responsibilities.
- The first referee should have a talk with the second referee before the match
 Second referee
- establishes a rapport with the scorekeeper and libero tracker.
- If the scorer and libero tracker have a problem or don't understand something, they
should be comfortable enough to ask the second referee for help.
 Scorekeeper
- the scorekeeper's main job is to make sure the score is correct at all times.
- The scorekeeper uses a score sheet to keep track of the game.
- If there is a difference between the score on the score sheet and the visual score (flip
score, electronic scoreboard, etc.) the visual score should be changed to match the
score on the scoresheet unless the mistake on the scoresheet can be determined and
corrected.
 Assistant Scorer
- the assistant scorer (or libero tracker) sits at the scorer's table next to the scorekeeper.
- The assistant scorer's main function is to record libero replacements onto a libero
tracking sheet.
- Also notifies any fault with libero replacements
- Operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer's table
- Checks the score on the scoreboard with the score on the scoresheet
 Line Judges
- If only two line judges are used, they stand at the corner of the end line that is closest to
the right hand of each referee, diagonally from the corner.
- The line judges watch the end line and sideline of their respective corners.
- For FIVB and Official Competitions, four line judges are used.
- The line judge's main responsibility is to make signals to help out the referees in making
judgment calls.
- Line judges may be instructed to use flags to make the signals (ball "in" and "out")
C. Identify the participants and describe their roles, position, duties, and responsibilities.
- Outside Hitter (aka OH, outside, pin, left side)
- An outside hitter hits and blocks from the left side of the court.
- They also carry the responsibilities of passing and playing defense when they get to the
back row.
- The outside typically gets the most sets, especially when the setter is out of the system
since the outside set is one of the easier options to set.
- An outside’s responsibilities include hitting from the front and back row, passing in serve
to receive, playing left or middle-back defense, and blocking.
- Opposite Hitter (aka OPP, pin, right side)

- Opposite hitters earned that title because they are opposite to the strong (left) side
hitter, meaning they hit behind the setter.
- In a 6-1, just like an outside hitter, an opponent has the option to play all the way
around, passing, playing defense, and hitting out of the back row.
- An opposite’s responsibilities include swinging from the front and back row, playing
right-back defense, and blocking the other teams outside hitter.
- Setter (aka S)
- A setter’s primary responsibility is to take the second ball and set it up for one of the
hitters to attack.
- Often referred to as the quarterback, the setter is the decision maker of the team and is
in charge of leading the offense.
- In a 6-1, the setter plays all the way around, meaning that he or she has defensive
responsibilities, as well as blocking duties when in the front row.
- A setter’s responsibilities include setting the ball on the second contact to the hitters on
the court, directing the offense, playing right-back defense, and blocking the other
teams outside hitter.
- Libero (aka L)
- Liberos wear a jersey of a different color and play in the back row five out of the six
rotations, usually subbing in for both middle blockers.
- When the libero comes in for another player, it does not count as a substitution.
- Liberos are defensive and serve-receive specialists who are typically fast and can change
direction quickly.
- Liberos are not permitted to attack the ball from above the height of the net, and they
can only overhand set a front-row attacker from behind the 10-foot line.
- Defensive Specialists (aka DS)

- Much like a libero, a defensive specialist plays in the back row and is responsible for
playing defense and receiving serve.
- Unlike the libero, they do not wear different colored jerseys and are required to abide
by the normal substitution rules, meaning they are only in for three out of the six
rotations.
- Serving Specialist (aka SS)

- A serving specialist is a player who subs in just to serve.
- These players typically have a very tough or very consistent service, and they come in
for a player who is less strong behind the service line, but otherwise very valuable to
have on the court as an offensive or defensive threat.
D. Answer the following:

1. Who among the official should perform the toss with the team captains?
- The official that should perform the toss is the referee because before the game begins
it's his/her duty to perform it to know whose team is the service and who is the receiver
by using a coin.
2. Who rechecks the positions of the players on the court at the start of each set and during the
game?
- At the start of each set, and during the game, at the change of courts in the deciding set,
and whenever necessary, the 2nd referee checks that the actual positions of the players
on the court correspond to those on the line-up sheets.
3. Who among the players is authorized to speak to the referees?

- only the game captain is authorized to speak to the referees to request explanations.
The coach is not authorized to do so.
4. Who authorizes substitution?
- The second referee always authorizes a substitution in volleyball; this is the referee
standing by the scorer's table (FIVB 15.10. 3c). If a second referee is not present for
your match, the first referee will recognize the substitution, and the scorer's table will
authorize it on the scoresheet
5. Who should stand at the corners of the court closest to the right-hand side of each referee?
- The line judges stand at the corners of the court, watching the lines to indicate whether
a ball in play falls in or out of the court.
- If the server steps on the line during a serve, the line judge watching the given line
notifies the referees and two line judges in volleyball.
6. Who is the member of the team who should sit on the team’s bench near the scorer?
- If seated, the coach is required to sit on the bench nearest the scorekeeper. The coach
may stand or walk within a free zone in front of the team bench without disrupting the
match. Assistant coaches may instruct players while seated on the bench.
7. If the decision of the other official is not consistent, whose decision should prevail?
- During the match, the first referee’s decisions are final. The first referee has the
authority to overrule decisions of the officiating crew when it is noticed that they are
mistaken.
- The first referee may replace a member of the officiating crew who isn't performing
their duties appropriately.
- The first referee has the power to make decisions on any matters that involve the game
including those not provided in the rules.
8. Who records the points scored during the game?
- The official scorer keeps track of the score throughout the volleyball game and they also
note down all the players' names. Similar to tennis, an official game needs two to four
lines of judges governing each game.
- The scorer performs his/her functions seated at the scorer's table on the opposite side
of the court facing the first referee. Responsibilities: He/she keeps the score sheet
according to the Rules, cooperating with the second referee.
9. Personal reaction- on your own words, If you are assigned as a team captain, what should be
your responsibilities as a leader of the team?
- If I am assigned as a team captain my responsibility is to keep my team motivated and
organized before and during the game. Being a team captain doesn't mean that I can do
all the roles in playing inside the volleyball court, it also needs unity and helping each
other to win. It is also important as a team leader to build friendship and sportsmanship
on my team.

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Participants and Officials

A. Identify the different officials in the game of volleyball.

- Opposite Hitter (aka OPP, pin, right side)

- Defensive Specialists (aka DS)

- Serving Specialist (aka SS)

D. Answer the following:

3. Who among the players is authorized to speak to the referees?

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