THE

LondonPhilatelist:
THE MONTHLY JOURNAL OF

THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON.

VOL. X. JANUARY, 1901. No. 109.

The Death of the Queen.

THE demise of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria,

on the 22nd of this month, will awaken the most profound
feelings of sorrow among Philatelists throughout the world.
For reasons that are obvious, in no section of the community
" will Her Gracious Majesty always be held in truer or more
. lasting remembrance than among stamp collectors.
In this hour of national grief it remains but for us all
to place on record our deepest appreciation of the great
and good Queen who has passed away from us after
a reign surpassing in length and splendour that of any occupant of a
throne.
We also loyally and respectfully submit to Their Majesties the King and
Queen, to 'our illustrious President now the Prince of Wales designate, and
to the other members of the Royal Family, our most loyal and heartfelt
sympathies with them in their great bereavement.
 Philately in the Twentieth Century.

JANUARY ist, A.D. 1901, saw Philately emerge from the century
of its birth. When one reflects that " 'tis sixty years since " to
its birth, and considers what has been achieved in this relatively
brief period, it is simply appalling to consider what will have
happened to philatelic posterity on January ist, 2001 ! How
weird and Egypto-Babylonian look these figures without the
wonted numeral i first! It can but make us thankful we shall at least be
spared the pain of having to write such cryptic figures!
In our last issue we quoted figures from a foreign source showing that
the world's new issues of the past ten years, ignoring all minor variations,
amount to 6,600 odd. At a fair calculation, allowing for increase of popula-
tion, new nations and ideas, this number may well be doubled in a few
decades, and hence'it is possible that the twentieth century will see at least
100,000 varieties issued in addition to those of the nineteenth—already not
inconsiderable! Again, how thankful should we be that we are to be spared
the awful fate that will be that of the general collector one more century
ahead. Stanley Gibbons' Imperial " Album " will come by special waggon,
and will be of the dimensions of the Encyclopedia Britannica, while the
learned generalist will refer to volume 45 of his Catalogue, and perhaps
even then not know where he is!
To revert, however, to the more practical point of what Philately is to be
in the earliest year of the century. It is clearly obvious that if the general
collector is to exist he must not be frightened off. Catalogues already have
for him an alarming bulk, and the leading printed albums are ever swelling in
size and increasing their volumes. In order, therefore, not to break the heart
of the general collector, who must be the backbone of the pursuit, it is clearly
necessary that there must be a stage procession as regards the new issues.
As the ones come in the right way others must file off on the left, or the
stage will be overcrowded. The printed album or catalogue that aims to
include the issues of the world must be rigidly cut down, trimmed and
lopped, or the ancient trunk will fall of its own spread and unwieldiness.
There is already much that can well be spared to the general collector, and
there is ample opportunity to excise redundant varieties. This question of
catering for the general collector is one that cannot be too carefully con-
sidered by the trade.
As regards the specialist, he is a free lance, and has naught to fear. If
issues are made for him he flies to another country's, and he can flit like a
philatelic butterfly from flower to flower, and find a little sweetness every-
where. The world with him in the far future will be as it is now with the
hunter for engravings—he dallies with the few and ignores the multitude—
finding more pleasure in the contemplation of a few really fine things than
 REGISTERED ENVELOPES OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. 3

the ownership of portfolios of common prints. The latter part of the

twentieth century will find the specialist Philatelist on the same footing as
the specialist engraving collector of the present day.

NotesontheRegisteredEnvelopesofBritish
Central Africa.
READ BEFORE THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON, ON 2tsT DECEMBER, 1900.

BY J. A. TILLEARD.

ALTHOUGH the collection of "entires" is—somewhat un-

deservedly, in my opinion—out of fashion, the description
of a few additions to the list of the registered envelopes of
British Central Africa, whilst the postal arrangements were
under the administration of the British South Africa Com-
pany, is, I think, of sufficient interest to be placed on
record, for addition to the lists when the concluding part of the Society's
work on the stamps of the African Colonies is published.
I have come across seven varieties, of which only two, so far as I am
aware, have been hitherto chronicled, these appearing in the last edition
of Messrs. Stanley Gibbons' Catalogue.
It will be remembered that the charge for registration of letters from
British Central Africa was in 1893 raised from twopence to fourpence, and
the envelopes with the altered value were prepared by Messrs. Bradbury,
Wilkinson, and Co., and sent out from this country. The envelopes
themselves differed somewhat, in their paper and printing, from those of
the first issue, but for the stamp the same die was employed in both issues.
For the new value the word "TWO" was obliterated by a black block
covering the whole of the word, and "FOUR" was printed in sans-serif
capitals between the ends of the scrolls of the design.
On the introduction of this value a small number of each size of the
first envelopes remaining in stock appear to have been altered to meet
the increased charge. This was effected in manuscript in black ink, the
word " TWO" being struck through and the word " Four" being written
between the scrolls, followed by the initials of the officer responsible for
the alteration. These initials are either " H. G." or " G. A. T." In the
envelopes bearing the last initials two lines are drawn through the word
"TWO" in the original value, one line only being used in the other case.
In addition there is on the flap of each envelope an oval hand-stamp in
black, bearing the words "REGISTERED"—"B.C.A."—"LETTER," in three
lines.
It appears that amongst the new envelopes for the second issue a
small quantity of each size (only two or three packets, I believe) was
4 REGISTERED ENVELOPES OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA.

received in which the printers had omitted the surcharge effecting the
change of the value. A few of these were issued before the mistake was
noticed, and the remainder were from time to time locally altered to the
higher value in four different ways.
In one the alterations are exactly similar in all respects to those on the
envelopes of the first issue raised in value and bearing the initials " H. G.,"
as above described. I have only seen this variety in the larger-sized
envelope, but it would no doubt exist on the- smaller one also, unless
there were none of this size unsurcharged amongst those dealt with by
the officer responsible for the change.
In another variety a bar is printed across the original value, and the
words " FOUR PENCE" are printed below in small Roman capitals.
In another case the "TWO PENCE" is ruled through in red ink, and
" ^.d" in manuscript is written below the scroll, with the initials " G. E. H."
immediately below the new value, both also in red ink.
The two last mentioned are those which I have before referred to as
listed in Messrs. Stanley Gibbons' Catalogue.
The last variety which I have to describe is also a manuscript surcharge,
in which the original value is obliterated by a line drawn through it,
following the curve of the words in the scroll, the increased fee being
written across the tongue of the flap as one word, " Fourpence," and
initialled " J. M. B."

I have no doubt as to all of these varieties being genuine. A copy of

each of the envelopes treated as above described was sent to the head
office in London of the British South Africa Company to be kept there
for reference, but I have not been able to ascertain the names of the
officers whose initials are given.
It is gratifying to think that there can be no fabrication of any of
the varieties in the envelopes of the second type, as those without the
original printed surcharge are practically unobtainable, and are consequently
unavailable for the manufacture of forgeries.
I am able to show this evening examples of all the envelopes to which
I have referred, and I conclude with the suggestions I would make for an
amended description and list for the Society's work.

Issue II. October (?), 1893.

One value.—The fee for registration being increased to fourpence to correspond
with the fee charged for registered letters from British South Africa, the change
was effected by the issue of a new envelope, and, to a limited extent, by an
alteration of envelopes of Issue I. The new envelopes were printed by Messrs.
Bradbury, Wilkinson, and Company, Limited, and are similar to those of Issue I.,
but with the value raised to " FOURPENCE " by obliterating the word " TWO," and by
Inserting the word "FOUR" in sans-serif capitals between the ends of the scroll
below. The alterations are made in black. (Illustration 38.) The paper is bluish
in tinge, and the inscriptions differ slightly from those of Issue I. in the following
particulars :—The large letter " R " is of a fancy sans-serif type, instead of Roman;
the instruction in the larger-sized envelope is in sans-serif type; the vertical cross
 REGISTERED ENVELOPES OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA. 5

line in that size passes between the " E " and " D " of " REGISTERED " in the second
line of the heading, while in the smaller size it passes between the " F " and " R"
of "AFRICA."
A. (New envelopes.)
4d., in black, on 2d., ultramarine; 6^ x 3^ inches (154 x 98 mm.).
4d. , „ 2d. „ 8|x4 „ (222 x 102 mm.).
Varieties.
(a) With surcharge omitted—
2d., ultramarine (small size as above).
2d. „ (large „ ).
(b) Printed surcharge applied locally. " TWO PENCE " obliterated with a thin bar
and "FOUR PENCE" in small Roman capitals added beneath.
4d., in black, on ad., ultramarine (small size as above).
4d. „ ad. „ (large „ ).
(f) Manuscript surcharge. "TWO PENCE" ruled through, and "fd." written between
the ends of the scroll, with initials " G. E. H." under.
4d., in red, on 2d., ultramarine (small size as above).
4d. „ 2d. „ (large „ ).
(d) Manuscript surcharge. "TWO" ruled through; "Four" written between
the ends of the scroll, and initials "H. G." below; with the addition of an oval
printed hand-stamp containing the words "REGISTERED"—"B.C. A."—"LETTER," in
three lines. 4 <j _ ;n black, on 2d., ultramarine (small size as above) ?
4d. „ 2d. „ (large „ ).
(e) Manuscript surcharge. " TWO PENCE " struck through, following the curve of
the scroll; " Fourpence" (written as one word) across the flap under the design,
with the initials "j. M. B." beneath.
4d., in black, on ad., ultramarine (small size as above).
4d. „ 2d. „ (large „ ).
B. (Envelopes of Issue I., surcharged locally in manuscript.)
1. With same surcharge, initials, and hand-stamp as described in (d) above.
4d., in black, on ad., ultramarine; 5^ x 3^ inches (151 x 98 mm.).
4d. „ 2d. „ 8fx4 „ (222 x 103 mm.).
2. Surcharged in similar manner, except that "TWO" is ruled through with
two thin lines, and the initials are "G. A. T."; hand-stamp similar to the last.
4d., in black, on ad., ultramarine (small size as last).
4<I. „ ad. „ (large „ ).
The Status of the Unpaid Letter, Registration,
Too Late, and Official Stamps etc.
NOTES READ BEFORE THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON, ON JANUARY 4-TH, igOI.

BY R. EHRENBACH.

DURING a rfecent stay with my esteemed friend our Vice-

President, we were discussing with a few other Philatelists
various matters bearing on our " hobby" in general, and
among other things that cropped up the status of tKe
Postage Due Stamps and other labels, as enumerated in
the heading of these notes, formed the subject of a rather
long debate.* I may say at once that we could not agree, and nobody was
convinced by the "soundest arguments" put forth on either side, except
on one point—namely, that this question would be a very interesting one
to bring before the Society in the shape of a discussion at one of our
meetings. Hence these notes.
I am perfectly satisfied that so much can be put forth on either side as to
ensure as lively a debate as anybody can desire, and I am equally convinced
that we shall leave each other to-night still divided into two parties (citing
Hamlet), " To be or not to be " collected.
The following notes embody my views on the question raised, and I will
first deal with the
UNPAID LETTER STAMPS.
A mere glance through any of the leading catalogues will show that, as
set forth roughly in the appended list, between fifty and sixty countries or
possessions thereof have issued such stamps, and this to the tune of about
800. I have purposely left out in this list, as also in the others, to which
I shall refer later on, practically all varieties of types, shades, and perforations,
as I think a question like the present one is likely to bear only on the subject
* Mr. Ehrenbach's notes, though not intended for publication, have been handed to us at our
request, as we are convinced that in these days of multiplicity of issues the discussion of the survival
of the fittest is one that it is well to bring before the philatelic public. As foreseen by Mr. Ehrenbach,
the debate that ensued was vigorous, but by no means unanimous ! Our own opinion as regards
the Unpaid Letter Stamps traverses that of Mr. Ehrenbach. A postage stamp is a label that denotes
prepayment of a postal rate, and the Unpaid Letter " Stamp" is an official notification that the letter
in question was not prepaid, and is therefore subject to a fine of double the amount payable, and
in coin, and not in stamps, by the addressee. The Too Late, Registered, and Special Delivery Stamps
are, as Mr. Ehrenbach argues, not strictly postage stamps, but intended for the auxiliary or affiliated
services denoted on their face. They are, however, so closely allied to the stamp pure and simple as
being prepaying labels, and their number is so few that they are not likely to find disfavour
in the eyes of collectors. It may also be urged that if a penny letter has a twopenny stamp placed
alongside for registration purposes the Jatter also ceases (o be a postage stamp .' The question of the
official stamps is one that is open to considerable discussion, but it seems to be clear, from the fact of
the use of different values, that each department is debited with the respective amount of stamps that
it uses, and that therefore they do represent prepayment of postal rates by a governmental depart-
ment.—ED.
 THE STATUS OF THE UNPAID LETTER STAMPS, ETC. ^

of general collections ; in fact, it can hardly have any influence on specialists'

collections in any way. The chief argument which should be put forth
to decide their status one way or the other is, I take it, " Do they defray
postage, or do they not?" I say they do; others say the contrary. My view
is, that it is de facto quite immaterial whether postage, or freight or carriage
of any kind, is paid in advance or on delivery; it has to be paid somehow or
other. No firm, whether it be the Post Office or a railway company, or a
steamship company or any other company, would undertake the work of a
carrier without remuneration. If they were not paid they would decline the
business. But the Post Office cannot, in accordance with the Convention of
the Postal Union, decline to carry letters or cards, whether they are franked
in advance or not.
One of the Acts of the Berne Convention distinctly deals with this
matter, and says that the Postal Authorities of every country belonging to
the Union shall carry letters or post cards to destination whether the postage
fees have been prepaid or not. The same Act fixes the amount to be pre-
paid at a maximum of 2|d. (25 centimes gold)—an amendment allowing
countries to make special arrangements with each other with a view to
reducing their rates—the amount of prepaid postages to go to the forwarding
Post Office of the respective country. They likewise, however, stipulate, and
this is the point on which I specially lay stress, that should the postage not be
prepaid, or only partly prepaid by the sender, the deficiency shall then be
collected in double from the addressee, and the single postage, or deficiency,
shall be accounted for and credited to the country whence the letter comes,
and the balance kept by the collecting office. If such a letter be not
accepted by the addressee, then the letter is returned to the sender, who is
legally liable for the amount due to the Post Office. I know of cases where
this rule has been strictly enforced. The point just referred to distinctly
shows, to my mind, that the Postage Due Stamps are not intended as a mere
receipt or check on officials, or even as a fine. If this were the case, then it
would be optional for any office to say: "On this letter no stamp has been
affixed ; we will therefore not carry it, or we will only carry it as a favour,"
which, under the terms of the Convention, they cannot do. The only risk
they run is that in" case of non-acceptance by the addressee they may fail to
trace the sender, and this risk is on the balance nil, considering that they
charge double postage if paid on delivery.

REGISTRATION STAMPS.
Of these stamps there is not such a great quantity, and therefore their
status is not of so important a moment. From the list herewith it will be
seen that only about a dozen countries or so have issued such labels, and if
we omit all minor varieties of types, etc., and also the vignettes of the
Colombian Confederation and Dependencies, only about fifty stamps would
have to be collected.
According to my opinion, these labels are not stamps in the true sense,
and in no way to be classified on a par with the Postage Dues. They are
not intended to defray postage in any shape or form. They are merely an
8 THE STATUS OF THE UNPAID LETTER STAMPS, ETC.

additional charge, or rather a kind of insurance fee paid for a " relatively "
safer delivery and conveyance, and against this fee a receipt is given as a
proof that the package has been posted. Under the same heading as these
Registration Labels should be mentioned the Return Receipt Stamps of Chili
and Salvador, which are a fee the sender pays to be sure that his letter has
been delivered to the proper party (a precaution very necessary in some
countries).
TOO LATE STAMPS
are likewise not postage stamps in a strict sense, as they cannot frank a
letter. They are only a fee to ensure the departure of the letter after close
of post, and one might call them a fine on the laziness of the letter writer.
But with exception of the well-known Victorian stamp (which no collector
of Victoria would miss), only Colombia and Antioquia have issued such
stamps—the surcharged stamps of Trinidad not being, I' take it, an official
issue.
The Special Delivery Stamps of Canada and the United States-of
America and their new West Indian possessions also belong to the same
category; they are a special fee charged in addition to the regular postage
in order to obtain a special privilege—in this case, quickness of delivery.
Lastly, but not least, I have to deal with the

OFFICIAL STAMPS.
To these have to be added the Government Parcel Stamps of this country.
From the subjoined list it will be seen that forty-three countries have issued
about 900 stamps in addition to the South Australian Departmentals, of
which there are quite a considerable number, and of the United States
Department Stamps. These I have left out purposely (see below).
Of these labels—unpalatable as it is to me—I must hold the same
opinion as of the Unpaid Letter Stamps. They are, according to my view,
postage stamps, and should be collected, even in the face of the fact that a
very large number are probably speculative. If the list is studied, it will be
seen that of the 900 stamps enumerated, upwards of 300 belong alone to
Seebeck countries or such like, and about 130 are issued by India and its
States. Over seventy each fall to the share of Luxemburg and Uruguay,
and probably a large majority of this number, over one-half of all issued,
are more or less unnecessary.
Nevertheless, as I have already said, they are to my mind postage stamps,
and I cannot for one moment side with the argument that they are only
intended as a check on the various departments who use them, on the ground
that these departments do not pay for them to the Post Office. They may
not be paid for in ready cash to the Post Office, but the latter certainly
charge for them in the current accounts with the various departments. If
they were not charged for, how could the Post Office keep their accounts,
and how could they make out a balance-sheet at the end of the year ? Take,
for instance, our Post Office. They deliver to the printers a certain number
of sheets of paper, and the printers, after printing the stamps, have to
 THE STATUS OF THE UNPAID LETTER STAMPS, ETC. 9

account for every sheet, whether spoilt or not. The stamps are handed over
to a certain department of the Post Office, which distributes them, and debits
each branch office with the face value. How could they be asked to give
away hundreds of sheets (even if surcharged) to other Government Offices
free of charge? This would leave the door open to all kinds of things, into
which I need not enter in detail. Lastly, how could they issue a proper
profit and loss account, let alone the question of statistics ? Apart from all
this, the mere fact that more than one value is surcharged in this country
shows that—the Government Parcel Stamps prove this absolutely—they are
destined to defray postage in accordance with the ruling Post Office rates.
If they were only a check, one value would be quite sufficient.
1 have left the U.S. Deparrmentals out of the list, because I do not know
whether in this case the stamps are ordered and printed for each department
or not. In the first case, they might not be accounted for to the Post Office,
and then my argument might in this instance not be correct.

Summing up now, my opinion on the status of the various labels referred

to is that Unpaid Letter Stamps and Officials should occupy the same status
as the ordinary postage stamp in every sense, while if anything could be
discarded it should be the Registration Labels, the Too Late Stamps, the
Return Receipt Labels, and the Special Delivery Adhesives.
It is naturally a very difficult thing to lay down a hard and fast rule and to
say what is collectible and what not, and we all only too well remember how
impossible it has been even for the S.S.S.S. to say what was a speculative
or unnecessary issue and what was not; and whatever the results of our
discussion, collectors will go on collecting just as hitherto and take what
suits them, and they will be quite right! Anyhow, if I were collecting
Australians I should certainly not discard the New South Wales Registration
Stamps and the Victoria Too Late and Registered. These are too grand and
venerable in every respect to be discarded. And this clearly demonstrates, as
I have shown iri my own case, that our sympathies will not always allow us
to follow the most logical convictions !

UNPAID LETTER STAMPS.

No. No. No.
33 Austria. 20 Italy. 40 Salvador.
13 Bavaria. 5 Colombian Confedera- 8 San Marino.
7 Belgium. tion. 17 Shanghai.
22 Brazil. 9 Liberia. 15 Sweden.
15 Bulgaria. 8 Montenegro. 23 Switzerland.
18 Chili. 10 New Zealand. 6 Servia.
4 Cuba. 10 New South Wales. 4 Soudan.
20 Curasao. 34 Nicaragua. 9 Trinidad.
7 Ecuador. 21 Holland. 22 Tunis.
19 Egypt. 21 Dutch Indies. 30 Turkey.
7 Grenada. 16 North Borneo. 28 United States of
24 Greece. 5 Norway. America.
200 (about) France and 6 Portugal. 2 1 Victoria.
Possessions. 3 Porto Rico. 5 Philippines.
4 Hayti. 26 Roumania.
10 TRANSVAAL PKOVISIONALS.

REGISTRATION STAMPS.
No. No. No.
5 Afghanistan. 4 Liberia. 2 Salvador.
4 Antioquia. 3 New South Wales. i Venezuela.
3 Canada. 3 Panama. i Victoria.
20 Colombia, excluding 2 Philippines. i French Congo.
the large labels (also 2 Queensland. i Montenegro.
of Tolima).
TOO LATE STAMPS.
No. No.
i Antioquia. 1 Victoria.
i Colombia. 2 Trinidad (doubtful).
SPECIAL DELIVERY LABELS.
No. No.
i Canada, 7 United States of America.
i Cuba. Guam.
RETURN RECEIPT STAMPS.
No. No.
2 Chili. I Salvador.
OFFICIAL STAMPS.
No. No. No.
30 Argentine Republic. I
4 Jhind. 88 Salvador.
10 British Guiana. 10 Cashmere. 16 Sweden.
32 India. 38 Liberia. 8 Sirmoor.
16 Ceylon. 7° Luxemburg. 11 Spain.
10 Chamba. 13 Mexico. 36 Suaheliland (?).
34 Costa Rica. 15 Nabha. 1 24South Australia (not
7 Denmark. 8 New Zealand. including Depart-
50 Ecuador. 28 New South Wales. mentals, only the
8 Faridkot. 109 Nicaragua. O.S.).
i Fiji Islands. 9 North German Con- 10 Tonga.
30 Great Britain. federation. 82 Uruguay.
7 Gwalior. 28 Paraguay. 7 Venezuela.
10 Hyderabad. 20 Puttialla. 10 Wurtemberg.
2 2 Honduras. 10 Perak. 92 United States of
8 Iceland. 24 Peru. America (not in-
9 Italy. 5 Poonch eluded in the list).
3 Jamaica.

Transvaal Provisionals.
By J. R. F. TURNER.

TOUCHING Mr. Earl's letter in the last number of the

London Philatelist I should like to make a few remarks
on the subject. Firstly, I would call attention to an extract
from Ewen's Weekly News relating to the Wolmaransstad
provisionals. It is found on page 202 in the narrative of
Mr. B. W. H. Poole, who it appears went out to Africa
as the special correspondent of that paper. It runs as follows:—" The
 TRANSVAAL PROVISIONALS. n

Wolmaransstad provisional early in November . . . had to vacate the

town."
The Army Order quoted in Mr. Earl's letter surely cannot affect the
status of stamps properly issued by the appointed Commissioner in far-off
districts like Rustenburg, Zeerust, Wolmaransstad, and Vryburg at a time
when incessant fighting was going on, when a given town (e.g. Rustenburg)
might be in the hands of the British one day and in the hands of the
Boers the next. It was quite impossible to get ordinary V.R.I, stamps
down from Pretoria in time for the mails, and as it would have been
clearly infra dig. to have used Boer stamps, it seems to me the Commissioner
exercised a very wise discretion in upholding the authority of the Queen by
surcharging them " V.R." or "V.R.I." respectively. How can such a stamp
rightly be termed a forgery? It would be more logical to state that as the
Transvaal had ceased to exist as an independent State, and its stamps
carried as little authority as forgeries would do, then to use them without
first making them into British stamps would be tantamount to using forgeries
—for legally Boer stamps are on no better footing in a British Colony than,
say, the bogus stamps of New Orleans.
The date of the Army Order is October 23rd, months after these pro-
visionals had been used, at a time too when we had a much firmer grip
on the country, when communication with Pretoria was comparatively easy
to what it had been, and when practically all the post offices in our possession
in the Transvaal had been stocked with the ordinary V.R.I, stamps. Indeed
it is improbable that the order in question was directed against these
particular stamps.
Pretoria was occupied on July 5th, and the Rustenburg provisionals were
issued on or about July 22nd. I do not know whether or not Major-
General Kelly had then been appointed Controller of the Transvaal.
In any case it might have taken weeks to get his permission to
surcharge the stamps. Mr. Earl surely does not wish to maintain
that in the meantime the mails ought to have been kept back until this
permission arrived ? The Acting Commissioner, in my opinion, did the
obviously correct thing, and I consider these few provisionals—and really
the great wonder is that there were not very many more issued from other
towns—almost as interesting as Mafekings. I have seen several of the
Rustenburg V.R.'s used on entire letters that got through to Rhodesia
and England, and I have seen a full authenticated set of the following
values:—|d., id., 2d., 2|d., 3d., 6d., is., and 2s. 6d.
There were only two varieties issued at Vryburg, and as trie date of
issue was May i6th, or thereabouts, over two weeks before Pretoria fell
into our hands, I wonder how Mr. Earl will reconcile this
fact with his remarks. The two stamps in question, the
|d. and id. Transvaal, were surcharged in black ink
lengthways.
A copy of the |d. I was fortunate enough to acquire
came from the commandant of the base at Mafeking—
Lieutenant-Colonel Vyvyan—surely a sufficient guarantee
as to its bona fide character. These two varieties are without doubt the
 12 BADEN-POWELLS MAFEKING SIEGE STAMPS.

pick of the provisional, the id. being a first-class rarity. Of the Wol-
maransstad stamps, in use about July iQth, I know of the following:—
|d., id., id. (oblong), id. on 2|d. purple, 2jd. blue, 3d., 6d., and is. These
are the ordinary Transvaal stamps surcharged in deep blue
" Cancelled,
VRI,"
the word " Cancelled " falling immediately over part of the inscription at top,
"z. AFR. REPUBLIC"; and I possess the id. value, used on an entire letter to
Kimberley. None of the Zeerust or Marico stamps have come my way, I am
sorry to say, though I include them in the same category as the others.
Summing up, I have no hesitation in asserting that as all these pro-
visionals were hsued by properly appointed Commissioners, under very
peculiar circumstances, they are bona fide emissions, and must find a
place in a representative collection of the stamps of British South Africa,
no matter what Army Orders certain major-generals may suddenly take
it into their heads to formulate. The fact remains that these stamps have
duly performed their full postal functions; they have franked letters to
England and parts of Africa, and it is now too late in the day for anyone—
be he a full-fledged major-general or a modest stamp collector—to attempt
to rob them of their well-deserved postal status.
Since writing the above, further valuable information on the subject has
reached me through E'wen's Weekly Stamp News. In the issue for
January 5th it is stated that " in reply to an inquiry the Commandant
of Rustenburg writes us that, as far as he is aware, all values of Transvaal
stamps were issued there with ' V.R.' overprint; that all records of the
numbers printed appear to be lost, no doubt owing to reoccupation by
the Boers; and that they were issued by authority of General Baden-Powell
during the Boer investment of the town'.' The information is signed by
Captain J. M. Graham, Commandant, Rustenburg, and dated November nth
last.
The italics are mine. Further comment would be superfluous.

Baden-Powell'sMatekingSiegeStamps.*
OFFICIAL DETAILS.

ATthe fortnightly meeting of the Junior London Philatelic

Society, held in Clapham Hall on 12th January, the President
(Mr. Fred. J. Melville) read to the members a statement
which he had received in reply to inquiries addressed by
him to Major-General Baden-Powell on the subject of the
postage stamps issued during the siege of Mafeking. The
President's letter was referred by ttte gallant officer to the authorities of
* We are indebted to Mr. Fred. J. Melville, President of the Junior London Philatelic Society
for this interesting information. —En.
 BADEN-POWELL'S MAFEKING SIEGE STAMPS. 13

the General Post Qffice at Cape Town, whose communication in answer

contains many particulars hitherto unpublished, corrects some erroneous
statements which have got abroad, and will guide Philatelists and dealers
in avoiding forgeries when acquiring philatelic memorials of the historic
siege and defence of the now famous little town in Bechuanaland.
The memorandum is in the following terms:—
•"POSTAGE^ STAMPS OVERPRINTED V.R.I. AND REISSUED AT MAFEKING DURING
THE SIEGE.
"After careful inquiry into the matter, the following would appear to be the
facts, so far as can be ascertained, in connection with the overprinting, surcharging,
and reissue of the stamps now known as Mafeking siege stamps, a complete list
of which, showing the number of each denomination issued, is appended.
"Shortly before the 23rd of March, 1900, it was found possible to forward
despatches by runners from Mafeking, both by the north and south routes, and a
service was accordingly established by the military authorities. Owing to the high
amounts which had to be paid to the runners, it was decided to charge special rates
for any private letters conveyed, and the following tariff was adopted, viz.:—
" Via the north, is. per Joz..
" Via the south, 6d. per \ oz.
"From a statement made by the military authorities it would appear that, in
order to provide a sufficiency of stamps to admit of the prepayment of private letters,
it was further decided to surcharge all the unsold stamps in the possession of the
local postmaster; and Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Edward Cecil, under whose super-
vision the Post Office was carried on during the siege, accordingly purchased the
Stamps at their face value, and caused them to be overprinted and surcharged at
the works of Messrs. Townshend and Son, the publishers of the Mafeking Mail
newspaper. On the 23rd of March the stamps as overprinted were issued for the
first time at their enhanced values, and it is understood that the whole of the over-
printed issues had been disposed of before the relief of the town was effected.
"Owing to the interruption of communication the postal authorities at Cape
Town could not be consulted in the matter, either as regards the sale or the over-
printing, and from the time the stamps originally passed out of the hands of the
civil postmaster the Colonial Post Office Department ceased to have any control
whatsoever over their treatment. In view of these circumstances, and of the fact
that the whole of the additional revenue derived from the sale of the stamps at
their surcharged value was retained by the military authorities, the postal administra-
tion of the Cape Colony and the Bechuanaland Protectorate have decided to regard
the stamps in question as purely military issues, and (in the month of November
last) official notices have consequently been published in the Government Gazette
proclaiming their non-availability for the prepayment of mail matter posted either
in Cape Colony or in the Protectorate.
"The average number of letters per week forwarded via the north from the
23rd of March was approximately sixty, a runner leaving Mafeking twice per week;
and via the south thirty, once per week. It is, however, more than probable that
many of the runners were captured by the Boer forces, and that the letters being
conveyed by them never reached a British post office.
"The local stamps—viz. those actually manufactured in Mafeking, and bearing
representations of the bust of Major-General Baden-Powell and of Sergeant-Major
Goodyear, of the Cadet Corps, on a bicycle—were used entirely for a postal service
1093
14 BADEN-POWELVS MAFEKING SIEGE STAMPS.

which was arranged within the town and between the various outposts. The whole
of the three varieties of these stamps were printed by means of photography, the
photograph being taken by Dr. D. Taylor, and the gumming and perforating by
Messrs. Townshend and Son. The two varieties of the Baden-Powell pattern were
designed by Captain Greener, the Chief Paymaster; whilst the one of the bicycle
pattern was designed by Dr. W. A. Hayes.
"It is evident from specimens which have been submitted to the Postmaster-
General at Cape Town that extensive forgeries of the overprinted stamps have taken
place, the fraud consisting in the unofficial overprinting, surcharging, and in many
cases date-stamping of genuine Cape Colony stamps.

"GENERAL POST OFFICE, CAPE TOWN,

" 1th December, 1900.
"LIST OF POSTAGE STAMPS ISSUED BY THE MILITARY AUTHORITIES
AT MAFEKING DURING THE SIEGE.
Number of
Face value. Description. Stamps.
^d. Cape of Good Hope (old design), overprinted and surcharged
"Mafekingid. Besieged" . . . . . 7,680
^d. Cape of Good Hope (new design), overprinted and surcharged
"Mafeking id. Besieged" . . . . . 5,280
Jd. Great Britain, overprinted " Bechuanaland Protectorate," surcharged
a n d overprinted "Mafeking id. Besieged" . . . . 6,000
id. Great Britain, overprinted " Bechuanaland Protectorate" and " Mafe-
king 3 d . Besieged" . . . . . . i,800
id. Great Britain, overprinted "Bechuanaland Protectorate" and "Mafe-
king 3 d . Besieged." (Smaller type) . . . . 1,800
id. Cape of Good Hope, overprinted and surcharged "Mafeking 3d.
Besieged" . . . . . . . 6,000
2d. Great Britain, overprinted " Bechuanaland Protectorate'' and " Mafe-
king 6 d . Besieged" . . . . . . 1,200
2d. Great Britain, overprinted " Bechuanaland Protectorate " and " Mafe-
king 6 d . Besieged." (Smaller type) . . . . 1,200
3d. Cape of Good Hope, overprinted " Mafeking 6d. Besieged " . . 840
3d. British Bechuanaland (lilac series), overprinted " Mafeking 6d.
Besieged" . . . . . . . 3,600
3d. Great Britain, overprinted " Bechuanaland Protectorate " and " Mafe-
king 6 d . Besieged1' . . . . . . 1,440
4d. Great Britain, overprinted "British Bechuanaland" and "Mafeking
is. Besieged" . . . . . . . 2,320
4d. Cape of Good Hope, overprinted " Mafeking is. Besieged." " . . 1,440
6d. Great Britain, overprinted " Bechuanaland Protectorate" and
"Mafeking is. Besieged" . . . . . 240
6d. Great Britain, overprinted "British Bechuanaland" and "Mafeking
is. Besieged" . . . . . . 1,440'
is. Great Britain, overprinted "British Bechuanaland" and "Mafeking
2 s . Besieged" . . . . . . '570
3d. Local postage stamp, with photograph of Lieutenant-General Baden-
Powell's bust. (Small size) . . . . . 6,072
3d. Local postage stamp, with photograph of Lieutenant-General Baden-
Powell's bust. (Large size) . . . . . 3,036
id. Local postage stamp, with photograph of Sergeant-Major Goodyear
o n bicycle . . . . . . . 9,476"
 Occasional Joies.

AUSTRALIAN POSTAL RATES.

THE Government of New Zealand, as officially announced, has in-
augurated the new century by the lowering of the rate to id.
between those distant islands and this country. This inter-British Empire
rate has now been accepted with very few omissions by all the Colonies,
the principal exception being Australia itself. The Federation of the six
Colonies under its twentieth-century appellation of the " Commonwealth
of Australia" cannot apply its collective wisdom to any better or wiser
purpose than the cheapening of the means of communication between the
component parts of the " Federal Empire of Great Britain." We therefore
anticipate at an early date the announcement that Australia has " advanced "
into line with the other portions of Her Majesty's dominions by conceding
penny postage to all parts of the Empire.

THE AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH ISSUE.

WElearn that this much-heralded set will not see daylight for many
months—probably not until the month of July, or even August. The
advice to purchase Australian current issues, wholesale and retail, has had
numerous followers, who have their tipsters in the Press, like racing folk;
but we much fear that they are not yet past the winning-post, or that
(modern) Australia is going to " advance " by leaps and bounds. Rumour
has also had it that the era of surcharges is to be commenced by over-
printing all the current series of the six Australian Colonies. Such a step
would be purely and entirely unnecessary, except for the exploitation of
the public. The Colonies can all well afford to carry on their postal
arrangements for a few months longer on the old lines—each on its own
basis. We shall hope that the new general issue will be one that will
redound to the credit of the new-born Australian nation, and that it will
form a world-wide advertisement thereof for many years—without even a
change of watermark.
*

THE STANDARD CATALOGUE.

WEhave received, while at press, from Mr. W. T. Wilson, of Birmingham,
a copy of the 1901 edition of this work, issued by the Scott Stamp
and Coin Co. of New York, and hope in our next number to review the same.
 16

New Issues.
NOTES OF N E W , AND V A R I A T I O N S OF C U R R E N T , ISSUES.
(Varieties of Obsolete Stamps, and Discoveries, will be found under "Philatelic Notes.")
We do not profess to chronicle everything, but, with the kind help of correspondents, are desirous that
all the important novelties may be included. Speculative stamps—i.e. those not really reqtiired for
postal purposes—will be considered on their merits, and Jubilee issues will not be chronicled.
Members of the London Philatelic Society, and other readers generally, are invited to co-operate with us
in making the columns as interesting as possible. Our foreign readers can especially help ns in
this direction, by sending copies of any official documents relative to changes in the current issues,
or early intimation of any new issue, accompanied, when possible, by a specimen; such information
will be duly credited to the correspondent, and, if desired, the specimen promptly returned.
Address: EDITOR "LONDON PHILATELIST," EFFINGHAM HOUSE, ARUNDEL STREET, STRAND,
LONDON, W.C.

BRITISH EMPIRE. Dhar.—We omitted to note last month

BERMUDA.—A supply is on the way to that the type-set 2 a. stamp, although in the
this Colony of farthing stamps. same setting in other respects as the \ a.
and the latest edition of the 4 a., has an
The is., grey, has been surcharged, so
error in the sheet which does not exist in
we are informed, " jd." Further particulars the other values. No. 10 on the sheet has
are wanting.
the ornament that should be in the right
BRITISH GUIANA.—We have received the upper corner misplaced, it being between
2 cents envelope, in grey paper, with the the third and fourth oblong types in the top
inside mottled or granite surfaced.—M. J. of the frame.—M. J.
Information reaches us that a supply has Messrs. Whitfield King and Co. inform
probably arrived in this portion of our us that the Dhar State P.O. closed on
possessions of a I cent printed in fugitive January ist, and that no more stamps will
ink. Colour grey-green, and value in pale be issued.
green.
Em-elope. 2 cents, carmine on grey ; 146 X 87 mm. LAGOS.—The current 53. Lagos may be
BRITISH HONDURAS.—Mekeel's Weekly found with value printed in either blue or
announces two postal cards of permanent ultramarine. The shades are very distinct.
type, with slight alterations in the in- —Evueris Weekly.
scription. MAFEKING.—The M. J. gives some in-
Post Cards, z cents, carmine on buff.
2+2 „
teresting particulars of the plan adopted
by the importers into Cape Town, if not
HONG KONG.—Further changes in colours the actual makers, of the forged Mafekings.
are taking place. Here is our contemporary's report:—
Our American friends chronicle a 5 cents, " In reference to the forgeries mentioned
lilac, in place of the 5 cents, blue. in previous numbers, Mr. Beeman tell§ us
We have information, however, that there that he understands that the forgers dis-
are on the way out a 5 cents, orange-yellow, posed of them in Cape Town. Their plan
and a 30 cents, brown. Something appears was to get acquainted with persons who had
come to Cape Town from Mafeking for a
to be wrong here, which time alone can change after the siege, and to endeavour at
settle. first to buy surcharged stamps from theta,
offering very low prices. Failing to buy,
INDIA.—Deccan.—Messrs. Whitfield King they then offered to sell similar stamps at
and Co. send us a provisional \ anna, on prices sufficiently tempting, and the buyers
sent these to friends at Mafeking, by whom
| anna, red, with new value surcharged inin turn they were sent elsewhere, and they
black in native characters. thus came to be believed in as having
Adhesive. \ anna, on \ anna, red ; current type. emanated from that celeorated town."
 NEW ISSUES.

MALTA.—The* delayed Jd. stamp has SOUTHERN NIGERIA. — Afull set of stamps
made its appearance, and Messrs. Whitfield has been sent out, we are told, but, unfor-
King and Co. send us a copy. tunately, information is wanting as to values
It is a handsome little label, and is and colours.
described on page 303, vol. ix.
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.— The 5 cents,
NEW ZEALAND.—The first universal penny indigo, which was generally reported by the
postage stamp is reported to have made its journals — our own included — turns out to be
appearance in London, and the stock to be a myth, but the 5 cents, plum, wmk. CA, of
well on its way out, if it have not actually 1899, is now coming over, and Messrs.
arrived. Bright and Son have shown us a. specimen.
The following description of the stamp is Federated Malay States. —We hear that
given in the Australian Philatelist:— the lower values of the permanent issue
"The stamp is carmine. On the shore have been sent out, and will have probably
stands New Zealand, a tall and graceful arrived before this note gets into print.
female figure, clad in classic flowing robes, Particulars of values and colours are not
her hair streaming in the fresh breeze that is yet to hand.
blowing over the Southern Seas, over which
she is gazing. In the background, faintly Selangor. — More provisional ; but then,
outlined, is seen Mount Egmont's snowy, we quite expected them.
tapering peak. With her right hand New
Zealand points across the sea, on which a The M. J. reports the 50 cents stamp,
steamer is conveying her tidings of good- surcharged " One cent." in one line, and
will to all the nations of the earth. Her "Three — cents." in two lines, in each
left hand, pointing earthwards, grasps a case with a bar across the top.
caduceus, Mercury's winged rod entwined
by two serpents, the symbol of swift com- Adkesives. One cent on 50 c., green and black.
munication and commerce. Thus is indicated
the despatch of her mails by land and sea. I
The globe behind her typifies the world-wide SUDAN. — Moray's Journal gives par-
extent of her correspondence. In a ribbon
above are the words 'NEW ZEALAND,' in ticulars of four Postage Tax, or Unpaid
one below, 'UNIVERSAL POSTAGE.' The Letter stamps.
value, 'ONE PKNNY,' appears in a broad Shape oblong, design a view of the Nile,
band at the foot. The stamp is bordered and gunboat in centre. Above is " SUDAN
by ornamental scrolls, while each top corner POSTAGE TAX," the word "MILLIEMES" on
is occupied by a circle inclosing a six-pointed
star." the left, and Arabic inscriptions below and
on the right.
ORANGE RIVER COLONY.—The Monthly Value on shields in the upper corners.
Circular has received information that of Wmk. Crescent and Star ; perf. 14.
the 6d., carmine, twenty-five sheets were Adhesives. 2 milliemes, Indian red and black.
4 i» grey-green and brown.
printed with " level dots" and five sheets TO ,, violet-green.
with " raised dots." These five sheets were 20 „ carmine and ultramarine.

returned from outlying post offices and sur- The central design is in the second
charged. colour.
Our contemporary remarks that as these
five sheets were sold to officers only, who TASMANIA. — Messrs. Bright and Son have
resold them in entire sheets to various lately received a letter from Tasmania
speculators, they can hardly be described as franked by a 3d. stamp of the Platypus type,
stamps issued to the public. It is a rather overprinted " Revenue," in black.
nice point. The following is taken from the November
The Philatelic Record chronicles the Jd. number of the Australian Philatelist:—
of the raised stops setting with the " V-" of "The Tasmanian G.P.O. have notified
"V-R-I-" omitted. that after the ist of December the Platypus
id., 3d., 6d., and is., the St. George and
id., orange; surcharged " 'R'l'" only. Dragon 2s. 6d., 53., and ios., and the 203.
current (De la Rue type) will be only avail-
SARAWAK. — Messrs. Stanley Gibbons, able as duty stamps, and cannot be used to
Limited, have discovered in their stock a prepay postage on letters."
block of four of the 4 cents of the first issue, Fiscal Postal.
imperforate horizontally between the rows. 3d., chestnut, surcharged " Revenue," in black.
i8 NEW ISSUES.

TRANSVAAL.—A few additions to the fur- We are informed that there has been or
ther list of varieties given on page 322, vol. ix., will be issued a 2 penni value.
of "V.R.I." Transvaals have to be made. Adhesive*. 5 penni, green ; perf. 14X15.
10 ,, carmine ,,
" V.R.I." inverted, zjd.—is. 20 „ blue ,,
Without stop after " I ", id. i mark, deep lilac and green ; perf. 14X15.
Without stop after " V ", 2d. 10 marks, black and French grey; perf. 13^.
Dropped letter " I.", 2jd., jd., 4d., and fid.
It is good reading that the local sur- FRANCE.—There appear to be two dis-
charging of stamps in the Transvaal has tinct printings of some of the lower values
been put a stop to. of the new French stamps. According to
The following bearing on the subject has the French journals the first issued were
appeared in the M. f., and seems to have obtained by two impressions, but are now
been published at the same time as the produced at one operation. The former are
Army Notice copied on page 328, vol. ix. apparently being rapidly exhausted, and are
"SURCHARGED POSTAGE STAMPS. quite difficult to find in many parts of
"The following notice, signed by the France. The 15 c. is also to be changed
Military Governor, Pretoria, appears in the in colour, and, as evidenced by the recent
Transvaal Government Gazette of October debate in the French Chamber, the entire
24th :—' Whereas it is desirable and neces- issue has failed to please.
sary to prohibit and guard against the sur-
charging and issuing of surcharged stamps
by unauthorised persons : Therefore, by ROUMANIA.—The new set, with water-
virtue of the authority committed to me, mark so arranged that one must purchase
I hereby give notice that any person or blocks of twenty-five specimens of each
persons who shall, not being duly authorised value to be up to date, not selling (pre-
thereto by the Administrator of Civil Posts,
surcharge, or cause to be surcharged, with sumably) so well as the clever authorities
the letters V.R.I., and issue, or cause to of this country anticipated, a cheap edition
be issued, any revenue or postal stamps, without watermark is reported.
shall be liable to prosecution under martial The following varieties, without watermark
law, and that all stamps so surcharged
without authority will not be recognised, and with pink gum, are known at present,
and will be confiscated if passed through perf. \\\ :—
the post.'" Adhesives. i bani, pale brown.
3 ,, red-brown.
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS.—The new 5 „ emerald-green.
10 ,, rose-red.
set of stamps has been issued, and Messrs. 15 ,, black.
25 ,, blue.
Whitfield King and Co. send us specimens.
The design and colours agree with the The Monthly Circular informs us "that
the Roumania Post Office has also been
particulars on page 304, vol. ix., and the playing the cheap-jack with the 25 bani,
perfs. are 14. The watermark on the 2s. blue, errors of 1893-7. These, instead of
and 33. values is Crown CC, and on the being destroyed, were started, it is said, at
lower denominations Crown CA. £2 each. What lower price they reached
we do not know, but the sale hung fire, and
now no less than 842 are offered to the
EUROPE. highest bidder. We mention this as a
AUSTRIA.—It is reported that the I heller, warning to collectors."
lilac, stamp has been seen with numerals
inverted. SERVIA.—After Greece had sunk so low
Adhesive, i heller, lilac, with numerals inverted. as to adopt the surcharging nuisance, we
can hardly be surprised at Servia following
FINLAND.—Messrs. Whitfield King and the lead.
Co. send us five values of the new stamps At present only one value has been re-
for use here, which were put into circulation ported, and that by the Monthly Circular.
on January I4th. The current 20 paras has been printed in
With the exception that the values are in rose and surcharged at foot, "10 IIAPA," in
penni and marks, so described on the face, thick black letters.
the design seems identical with the issue of Adhesive. 10 paras on 20 paras, black on rose.
Russia of 1883 for the 5 penni, 20 penni,
and i mark; the 10 penni is similar to the SPAIN.—A full set of the new type is re-
4 kopecs of 1889, and the 10 marks like the portedj but there seems considerable doubt
3 r. 50 k. of 1884, the " balls" in every case whether any of the stamps have yet been
being omitted. put into circulation. M
 • NEW ISSUES.

Ewen?s Weekly states :— URUGUAY.—Two values, the 5 cmos. and

" All have numbers in blue printed on the 10 cmos., of the new issue expected (see
backs, those we have seen being— page 305, vol. ix.) have reached us from
5 cent., number 000,901, reading upwards Messrs. Whitfield King and Co. Both are
25 ,, ,, 001,273 » downwards.
handsome stamps, and quite up to the
" Evidently each sheet will bear a different standard of Messrs. Waterlow and Sons'
number. The 2 c., 5 c., 10 c., and 15 cents, productions.
are printed in sheets of 200, while the other Our Ipswich friends also send us a pro-
values are printed in sheets of 100."
I visional 5 cmos. made by surcharging the
Adhesives.
2 cents., grey-green. 30 cents., pale green.
I 10 cmos., carmine, of 1897, " 1900 5 centesi-
5 , dark green. 40 „ olive-green. mos," in three lines, in black, with a design,
salmon. 50 ,, blue-green.
blue-black. i peseta, magenta. also in black, which looks like an exhibition
olive-grey. 4 „ dark violet,
sky-blue. jo „ bright orange. building, over the word "CORREOS." Two
hundred thousand of these provisionals were
issued on December ist.
AMERICA.
Adhesive*.
NICARAGUA.—Still more Asenjo stationery 5 cmos. on locmos., of 1897, surcharged "1900 « centesi-
mos," in three lines, in black, and with further
has come to light. overprint.
5 cmos., blue, new issue, design " Genius of Uruguay."
This time it is three post cards as follows:— 10 ,, violet, design " Commerce and Cattle."
Post Cards. 2+2 c., carmine on white.
. 6 c., blue on cream. VENEZUELA. — The whole set of the
6+6 c., „ „ official stamps of 1898 and some post cards
are now reported surcharged " 1900," so we
PARAGUAY.—The following have been
must put on record the following :—
added to the new set.—Monthly Circular.
Official Stamps.
Adhesive*. 3 centavos, light brown. 5 c., black and blue-green ; surcharged " 1900."
8 ,, marone. 10 c. ,, rose ,, ,,
25 c. ,, Wue ,, ,,
i h. ,, lilac „ ,,
UNITED STATES. — Considerable doubt Post Cards. 10 c., red and black on white.
having existed whether the "Pan-American" IO+TO c. ,, „ lilac.
Exposition stamps would be available for
postage in correspondence going out of the OTHER COUNTRIES.
States, statements for and against have been CHINA (GERMAN POST OFFICES).—Mr.
made, but we think the one following, which Franz Reichenheim sends us the current
has been taken from Mekeets of December set of German stamps, from 3 pfg. to 5
13th, should decide the matter for good:— marks, surcharged " China," in black or
"Our busy Washington correspondent, Mr. red, for use in the German post offices at
Bartels, sends a copy of a letter that he Shanghai, Tientsin, Chefoo, Futchau, and
received from the Chief of the Stamp Peking.
Division, Washington. It reads :— The surcharge is horizontal and in black
"' I understand that you were informed in all values but one, the 3 marks stamp
while in the Department the other day that having the overprint in red, vertically each
the Pan-American series of postage stamps
would not be good for foreign correspond- side.
ence under the rules of the Universal Postal CHINA (JAPANESE POST OFFICES).—The
Union'Convention of '97. It has been de- new 11 sen stamp has been surcharged for
cided that as the rule prohibits the use of
commemorative stamps of a temporary use here.—M. C.
validity only, the Pan-American series will Adhesive, ij sen, pale blue, with surcharge.
not come under this prohibition, but will be
available for international correspondence. FERNANDO Poo.—We notice another
1 inform you as above so that you may provisional is chronicled, the 10 centavos
not misquote the Department in any stamp "Timbre Movil" of 1900, overprinted "5
publication for which you may be corre- Cen Correos" in oval, in black.
spondent.'"
Adhesive.
The Metropolitan Philatelist throws out a 10 cent, blue, " Timbre Movil" of 1900 ; surcharged
'•5 Cen Correos," in black.
hint that perhaps before very long there will
be a new issue of stamps to supersede the FRENCH COLONIES.—Changes of colour
regular set now in use. Should this come have been, or are to be, made in four of the
about, we may expect a thoroughly up-to- values, viz. 10 centimes, 15 c., 25 c., 50 c.,
date set worthy of Uncle Sam. and probably later on the 2 francs.
20 NEW ISSUES.
This will affect the issues of Anjouan, Both colonies are to have a stamp of 78
Dahomey, French Congo, French Guiana, avos early this year.
French Guinea, French India, French Adhesfaes. 5 avos, brown.
10 „ blue.
Oceania, French Soudan, Great Comoro, 15 „ pale green.
20 ,, pale brown on buff.
Guadeloupe, Indo - China, Ivory Coast,
Madagascar, Martinique, Mayotte, New
Caledonia, Reunion, St. Pierre and Miquelon, PERSIA.—MekeeVs Weekly gives a much
and Senegal. longer list of the stamps with the unde-
Adhesive*. 10 centimes, carmine on rose. cipherable surcharge than we have yet re-
T
5 ii grey-lilac on greyish. ported. The M. J. mentions three with tivo
25 ,, blue on bluisn.
50 „ brown on pale blue. surcharges.
Here, therefore, we give additions to our
GERMAN COLONIES.—Mr. Franz Reichen-
previous listing.
heim sends us full sets for the nine colonies A dhesives. With single surcharges.
mentioned on page 325, vol. ix., and a set 10 shahi, blue.
16 „ green.
also for " Kiautschou." 1 kran, ultramarine.
2 krans, pale rose.
We find the values and colours as pre- 3 yellow.
viously described. 4
5
grey.
emerald-green.
10 orange.
GERMAN MOROCCO.—The 6 pesetas 25 50 violet.
cents, value has now been issued, and copies With twa surcharges.
5 shahi, yellow.
reach us from Mr. Franz Reichenheim and 10 ,,
12 ,,
blue.
carmine.
Messrs. Whitfield King and Co.
The overprint is in black, the value PORTUGUESE INDIES.—In order to avoid
"6 pes. 25 cts." at foot, with "Marocco" the application of a large number of stamps
vertically each side. to heavy articles transmitted by post, a
Adhesive " 6 pes, 25 cts.," in black on 3 marks German. ministerial decree authorises the issue of
high-value stamps, namely 12 tangas, I and
INDO - CHINA.—The stamp on the 10
2 rupees, for "India Portugueza."—Philatelic
centimes post card is reported with the
name in red in place of blue. Journal of India.
Post Card. 10 c., black on green ; name in red.
The American journals anticipate a 5
rupees stamp. Very likely ; we are not
LOOTJENZO MARQUES. — The Philatelic surprised.
Journal of India informs us that a shortage
has taken place here. The Mozambique SIAM.—There seems to be an issue with
fiscals of 10, 30, and 800 reis have been sur- the portrait in three-quarters profile. We
charged " Correio de Lourengo Marques" have, so far, noticed three values announced.
Adkesives. I att, green.
with new values. 2 atts, green and rose.
3 ,, carmine and blue.
The first has been used for 5 and 25 reis,
and the other two for 50 reis. Messrs. Whitfield King and Co. inform
The 75 reis stamp of Lourengo Marques us that this issue has been withdrawn from
has also been surcharged "50 reis." use, the Siamese Government having pro-
Provisional!. hibited their circulation.
2
5 reis on 10 reis, Mozambique ; fiscal.
5 >, 10 „ „ „ TUTUILA.—It is reported that the U.S.A.
5° ,i 30 ,, ,, „
50 „ 800 „ „ „ Post Office Department are considering
5° ,, 75 ,, Louren9o Marques; postal.
whether they should issue a surcharged set
MACAU.—Messrs. Bright and Son have or not for this island.
shown us some new values that have Why not use the U.S.A. stamps, as in
appeared here, and similar stamp sare also Puerto Rico and the Philippines, etc.? It
expected for Timor. seems to come to this in the end.
 [ 21 ]

PhilatelicSocieties'Meetings..
C. McNaughtan, L. L. R. Hausburg, C. Neville
Philatelic Society, London.. Biggs, T. Maycock, Herbert R. Oldfield, Edward
Council for the Year 1900-1901. J. Nankivell, Rudolph Meyer, Rudolph Frentzel,
President— H.R.H. THE DUKE OF YORK, K.G.
W. Silk, jun., Gordon Smith, Dr. Hetley, A. R.
Vice-President—M. P. CASTLE. Barrett, F. Ransome, Thomas William Hall, H.
Hon. Secretary.—J. A. TILLEARD. White, L. S. Wells.
Hon. Treasurer—C. N. BIGGS. Visitors :—W. H. Peckitt, — Frentzel, jun.
Hon. Assistant Secretary—H. R. OLDFIELD.
ffott. Librarian—T. MAYCOCK. The chair was taken by the Vice-President, and
W. B. AVERY. L. L. R. HAUSBUKG. Mr. W. B. Avery then proceeded to give to the
E. D. BACON. C. E. MCNAUGHTAN. members an aphengescope exhibition, whereby
W, D. BECKTON. R. MEYER. original stamps were illustrated on a screen and
R. EHRENBACH. F. RANSOME.
H. J. WHITE. very considerably magnified.
Numerous stamps were shown, and by means
THE third meeting of the season 1900-1901 of the apparatus it was very much easier to examine
was held at Effingham House on Friday the the lines of the design, and to note differences in
23rd November, 1900, at 7.45 p.m. types and to detect the various forgeries.
Members present:—M. P. Castle, the Earl of In response to a very cordial and unanimous
Crawford, C. F. Dendy Marshall, Herbert R. vote of thanks, Mr. Avery expressed the hope
Oldfield, Rudolph Meyer, Rudolph Frentzel, that his instrument might be the means of facili-
Walter L. Williams, E. I). Bacon, C. Neville tating the labours of the Expert Committee, and
Bigg5, O. Firth, Robert Ehrenbach, L. L. R. the proceedings then terminated.
Hausburg, William Silk, jun., H. F. W. Deane,
Sidney Castle, A. R. Barrett, B. D. Knox, C. J. THE fifth meeting of the season 1900-1901 was
Daun, G. Owen Wheeler, Edward J. Nanldvell, held at Effingham House on Friday the aist
T. Maycock, Gordon Smith, C. McNaughtan, December, 1900, at 7.45 p.m.
J. A. Tilleard. Members present:—M. P. Castle, the Earl of
Visitors:—Carl von Buch, W. A. Bieber, J. Crawford, Herbert R. Oldfield, Franz Reichen-
W. Jones, Mortimer Menpes, F. M. Bridge. heim, Rudolph Meyer, E. D. Bacon, F. Ransome,
The chair was taken by the Vice-President, Edward J. Nankivell, A. R. Barrett, Gordon
and the minutes of the meeting held on the gth Smith, L. L. R. Hausburg, A. B. Creeke, jun.,
November, 1900, were read and confirmed. B. D. Knox.
A letter was read from Mr. W. Lane Joynt of Visitors :—L. W. Fulcher, W. A, Bieber.
the l8th November informing the members that The chair was taken by the Vice-President, and
the 4d. West Australian stamp with inverted the minutes of the meetings held on the ajrd
frame, which had been missing from the collection November and 7th December, 1900, were read
of the late Duke of Leinster, had been found, and confirmed.
and had been placed in the collection at the A letter was read from the Boston Philatelic
museum in Dublin. Mr, Lane Joynt inclosed a Society in reference to the formation of a library,
photograph of the stamp for inclusion in the and it was resolved that a copy of the Society's
collection kept by the Expert Committee. work on India and Ceylon should be presented.
The Hon. Sec. was directed to suitably acknow- The meeting then proceeded with the election
ledge with thanks the receipt of Mr. Lane Joynt's of Mr. Mortimer Menpes, who, after ballot, was
letter. declared duly elected.
The meeting then proceeded to inspect the Mr. H. R. Oldfield then applied on behalf of
exceedingly fine collection of the stamps of the the International Philatelic Union for the use of
Orange Free State and Orange River Colony, the Society's rooms on the 26th January, 1901,
which were brought to the meeting by the Earl of for the purposes of a Private Exhibition, which
Crawford, K.T.; and subsequently a paper was had been organised by the Union.
read by Mr. Nankivell on the stamps of the Mr. Oldfield having explained the nature and
Orange River Colony, which gave rise to some scheme of the Exhibition, Mr. Nankivell moved,
considerable discussion in connection with the and Mr. Meyer seconded, a resolution that his
various settings and printings of the V.R.I, request be acceded to, and this resolution was
stamps. duly carried, Mr. H. R. Oldfield returning thanks
A very cordial vote of thanks was proposed to on behalf of the International Philatelic Union.
the Earl of Crawford by Mr. Nankivell, seconded Mr. Tilleard then read some notes on the
by Mr. Gordon Smith, and carried unanimously. registered envelopes of British Central Africa, and
A vote of thanks to Mr. Nankivell was subse- exhibited to the meeting specimens showing seven
quently proposed by Mr. Gordon Smith, and varieties.
seconded by Mr. R. Meyer, and after some re- A vote of thanks was proposed to Mr. Tilleard
marks in support by the Earl of Crawford, the by Mr. Castle, and seconded by Mr. Bacon and
resolution was carried unanimously, and the pro- duly carried.
ceedings then terminated. Mr. Gordon Smith then referred to the fact
that Stanley Gibbons, Limited, had ceased to
THE fourth meeting of the season 1900-1901 was import or to catalogue envelopes and entires, and
held at Effingham House on Friday the 7th suggested that some of the members of the Society
December, 1900, at 7.45 p.m. should combine for the purposes of importing
Members present:—W. B. Avery, E. D. Bacon, envelopes and post'cards as from the 1st January,
the Earl of Crawford, M. P. Castle, J. A. Tilleard, 1901.
22 PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS.

The suggestion was cordially received by the that a general display be held, and members were
members, and Mr. Gordon Smith was requested to invited to bring to that meeting any varieties or
send out a circular with a view to the formation of curiosities that would be likely to prove of interest
a committee to make the requisite arrangements. to the community.
The Vice-President then produced for the in- At 7.30 p.m. Mr. Ehrenbach gave a display of
spection of members a portion of his collection his unique collection of the stamps of the Do-
of the stamps of the Italian States, including minican Republic. This collection, which gained
those of Parma, Sicily, and Sardinia ; and the high honours at the Paris Exhibition, is as re-
Earl of Crawford also produced some magnificent markable for its completeness as for the superb
entire sheets of the stamps of Sicily, Parma, and condition of the specimens it contains, and is so
Modena. well known as to need no repeated praise. The
A vote of thanks was subsequently proposed by members were highly gratified at the entertain-
Mr. Knox, seconded by Mr. Creeke, jun., and ment and instruction afforded to them, and at the
duly carried, and the proceedings then terminated. conclusion of the display (which was accompanied
by explanatory notes of the various issues, etc.) a
cordial vote of thanks was passed by the Vice-
Chairman (Mr. Sidebotham) to Mr. Ehrenbach
CardiffPhilatelicSociety.. for the great courtesy he had shown to the Society.
A hope was also expressed that the genial Vice-
THE third meeting of this session was held on President would again favour members next season
December nth in the Society's new room at the with another portion of his philatelic treasures.
Y, M.C.A. Institute, ten members and a visitor After a characteristic response from Mr. Ehren-
being present. The President took the chair at bach, private exchange and discussion was in-
7.30 p.m., and after the routine business had been dulged in, and a pleasant evening was brought to
gone through, the Hon. Secretary (Mr. W. A. a termination at 9.30 p.m.
Jutsum), in the unavoidable absence of Mr. G. E. H. A. SLADE, Hon. Sec. and Treasury.
Petty, who was to have displayed his stamps of INGLESIDE, ST. ALBANS, Jan. nM, 1901.
Brazil, gave a paper on the stamps of Gibraltar
and Morocco Agencies, displaying his collection.
His Gibraltar stamps were complete except the ManchesterPhilatelicSociety
10 c. omitted value, and in good condition, and
comprised the 25 c. on 2d. and 25 on 2\, with the President—W. DORNING BECKTON.
two errors of short " i " and broken " n " in the
overprint "centimos." THE sixth meeting was held on Friday, December
yth, the President being in the chair, supported
by eleven members and two visitors.
Mr. H. J. Turner was elected a member of the
Herts Philatelic Society. Society.
The President read a paper on "The Stamps
A GENERAL MEETING was held at Anderton's of the Orange River Colony," giving a list of the
Hotel, Fleet Street, E.G., on Tuesday, December quantities printed since the British occupation,
4th, 1900, at 7 p.m. and of the various surcharges, etc. He also gave
Present:—Messrs. Haynes (in the chair), Boyes, a display of the earlier issues, including a sheet,
Bradbury, Cool, Frentzel, Hausburg, Laing, Mar- half a sheet, and a pane of the id. on 3d., different
don, Melville, Meyer, Sidebotham, Simpson, settings; the id. on 4d., double surcharge, un-
Standen, Sutherland, Thomson, Wane, Wills, used ; all types of the 3d. on 4d., unused ; a pane
Slade, and two visitors. of the 2jd. on 3d., and a block of twenty of the
Dr. C. Mailing and F. H. Oliver were elected 5s. Mr. Abbott showed, amongst other things,
ordinary members. a strip of five 4d. on 6d., unused, with the signa-
January meeting was postponed to January Sth, ture of the O.F.S. postmaster at Eloemfontein on
1901, as the first Tuesday falls on New Year's Day. the mafgin ; a pane of Half Penny on 3d., showing
At the conclusion of business Mr. L. L. R. error without stop ; a pair double surcharged, and
Hausburg showed his collection of the stamps of one inverted ; the 6d., blue, unsurcharged ; a sheet
Grenada, accompanied by explanatory notes. of ^d., V.R.I., one pane showing double printing ;
The collection, which was nearly complete, was several zjd. and 6d., rose; and the 55., first
much appreciated by the members, and the printing. Mr. Gibson showed panes of most of
Chairman passed a unanimous vote of thanks to the values of the V. R. I., a block of twelve of
Mr. Hausburg for his courtesy in giving such a the i\&., and one of twelve of the 6d., rose,
display. The vote was suitably responded to, and second printing, with all the stop errors, the "V"
exchange discussion, etc., was indulged in at without stop on all values but 4d. ; the 6d., blue,
8.30 p.m. The meeting terminated at 9.30 p.m. without value ; the Jd. without "V," etc.

A GENERAL MEETING was held at Anderton's

Hotel, Fleet Street, E.G., on Tuesday, January
The Philatelic Society of India..
8th, 1901, at 7 p.m. A GENERAL MEETING of the Society was held
Present : Messrs. Ehrenbach (in the chair), on Friday, ?th December, 1900, at Mr. Larmour's
Bounds, Boyes, Bradbury, Cool, Frentzel, Jones, residence, 60, Bentinck Street, Calcutta, at six
Mardon, Melville, Meyer, Sidebotham, Simpson, o'clock, Mr. C. F. Larmour being in the chair.
Standen, Sutherland, Thomson, Wane, Wills, and Mr. Corfield, in the absence of the Treasurer,
Slade. presented a provisional financial statement, and
Mr. Alex Tillie was elected an ordinary member the issue during the year of Mr. G. A. Anderson's
of the Society. handbook on the Stamps of Bhopal, and the first
As Mr. H. J. Duveen is in America, and there- of Mr. D. P. Masson's handbooks on those of
fore unable to show his Mauritius stamps at the Jammu and Kashmir, was reported. It was re-
February meeting as arranged, it was arranged solved that the affiliation of the North West
 PHILATELIC SOCIETIES' MEETINGS.

Provinces Philatelic Club to the Society be termi- FOREIGN.

nated as and from the 3151 December. The Andreae, C. R. W. Hausburg, L. L. R.
following officers were re-elected for the year Beckton. W. D. Jacoby, C. T.
Clark, Sir J. R. A. Marks, J.
1901 : President, Mr. C. Stewart-Wilson (Lahore) ; Deals, H. E. Melbourn, G. F.
Vice-Presidents, Messrs. C. F. Larmour (Calcutta), Du-Moulin, Major L. E. North, J. C.
D. P. Masson (Lahore), and W. Doming Beck- Evans, Major E. K. Roper, Mrs.
ton (Manchester); Hon. Treasurer, Mr. D. P. Farquharson, W. S. Tilleard, J. A.
Gillett, O. Weston, H. E.
Masson (Lahore) ; Hon. Secretary, Mr. W. Cor- Greenhill, D'. E. F. Wetherall, Miss. -
field (25, Mangoe Lane, Calcutta) ; Editor of the CALCUTTA. W. CORFIELD, Hon. Sec.
Philatelic Journal of India, Mr. C. Stewart-
Wilson ; Council, the above ex-officio and Major
L. E. -du Moulin (South Africa), Major E. B.
Evans (Sydenham), Major F. H. Hancock (Jull-
Suburban Exchange Club..
under), Lieutenant-Colonel G. F. A. Harris (Cal- FOUR packets containing 189 sheets valued in the
cutta), Major C. H. I. Hopkins (Tynemouth), aggregate at ^1872 45. 5^. were made up and
Professor O. V. Miiller (Bombay), and Messrs. G. despatched on the December circuit on the 2gth
A. Anderson (Bombay), J. Cornwall (Lucknow), ultimo. Considering the holidays, the quantity
W. S. Coutts (Penang), T. Hoffmann (Calcutta), of stamps contributed was well up to the average,
G. F. Melbourn (Tooting), G. Norman (Calcutta), but the quality was perhaps not quite so high.
E. Sassoon-Gubbay (Calcutta), F. N. Schiller Nevertheless a large selection of rare and medium
(Calcutta), P. A. Selfe (Hyderabad), J. A. stamps was offered in good condition at prices
Tilleard (London), and J. N. O. Thurston much below catalogue, and collectors would have
(Burma). to be very advanced did they not find something
LIST OF MEMBERS. of use to them in the packets. Europeans were
the strongest section, with West Indians and
3is^ December^ 1000. South Africans well represented. September
Alston, G. C. Lukis, Lieut.-Col. C. P. sheets would have been returned and accounts
Alston, C. R. McConaghey, Lieut. H. settled ere this, had not one of the packets been
Anderson, G. A. Madden, Lieut. T. E. delayed for nearly a month owing to one of the
Anderson, Major R. F. H. Manook, Dr. S. members being absent from home and leaving no
Berthoud, E. Masson, D. P., C.I.E.
Brooks, T. A. Maxwell, Major A. B. instructions for forwarding.
Broughton, Lieut. T. D. Michael, W. J. Six applications for membership have been
Burrup, J. A. Mowbray, G. G. de. accepted during the past month, and three have
Byrne, M. C. Muller, Prof. O. V. been held over for inquiries. As the Club packets
Campbell, Lt.-Col. R. N. Napier, Capt. G. F.
Carey, G. A. Nicholson, E. F. are very valuable, it is obvious that great care
Chard, W. Norman, G. must be exercised in the election of members:
Clifford, G. S. Ottley, Mrs. two suitable references should therefore accompany
Corfield, W. Pearson, Capt. W. M.
Cornwall, J. Piggott, C. L. every application to avoid delay and needless
Cousins, F. S. Ray, Capt. correspondence. Responsible Philatelists of all
Coutts, W. S. Rhe-Philipe, G. W. V. de. grades are, however, heartily welcomed, and
Craig, C. W. Roberts, Asst.-Surg. C. G.
Crawford, Major D. G. Robertson, L. F. copies of rules, etc., will gladly be furnished by the
Crawshaw, S. Roussac, W. Secretary : H. A. SLADE, Ingleside, St. Albans.
Crofton, C. S. F. Rulach, Rev. G. B.
Crofts, Lieut.-Col. A. M. Rumboll, A. C.
Crosse, C. H.
Dalyell, J. M. T.
Rundle, Surg.-Major C. S.
Samman, H. F.
The Collectors' Club.
Day, Major J. Sassoon-Gubbay, E. 351, FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.
Dickson, Capt. W. E. R. Saunders, J. O'B.
Dudgeon,*. J. Schiller, F. N. THE fifty-ninth meeting of the Board of Governors
Dunstervine, Major K. S. Selfe, P. A. was held at the club-house on Monday, November
Dutt, C. K. Selkirk, A. L.
Firth, Major R. H. Showers, Capt. H. L. 12th, 1900. Present:—Messrs. Andreini, Bruner,
Gleadow, F. Shrager, A. Luff, Perrin, and Scott. Meeting called to order at
Godfrey, Capt. S. Slade, H. 8.45 p.m. by President Bruner. The Treasurer's
Godinho, J. Smale, F. T. Report, showing a cash balance in bank of $939.32,
Goodfellow, A. J. Smith, A. J. H.
Haig, Mrs. Stanley, E. G. exclusive of U.S. bonds, was approved as read.
Half, Col. G. C. Stewart, W. McA. The Secretary reported having issued a two weeks'
Hancock, Major F. H. Stewart-Wilson, C. card to Mr. T. L. Hazzard, of Allegheny, Pa.,
Harris, Lt.-Col. G. F. A. Sullivan, Capt. R. E.
Hartigan, Major E. R. Terry-de-Souza, J. E. at the request of Mr. Luff. The House Com-
Harwood, Lieut.-Col. Thompson, A. B. mittee's Report was read and accepted. Mr. Luff
Hawthorne, W. Thomson, Major F. W. reported that Mr. Duveen had withdrawn his
Hemingway, W. G. Thurston, J. N. O. resignation. Mr. Bruner presented to the Club
Hoffmann, T. Turner, A.
' Holmwood, Mrs. Underwood, Miss D. the book on The Postage Stamps of Switzerland,
Hopkins, Major C. H. I. Weston, W. and on presenting this handsome volume explained
Hutchinson, Lt. L. T. R. Wetherall, Lieut. E. R. that this work had been purchased with money
Inglis, T. Wetherell, E. W.
James, W. Weylandt, O. collected by private subscriptions among the mem-
Larmour, C. F. White, Lieut.-Col. W. H. bers of the Club. A vote of thanks was tendered
Larmour, F. A. Wilson, Lieut. to the Committee which obtained the subscrip-
Longe, Major F. B. Wood, Major C. tions, and also to the subscribers who kindly
Luard, E. S. Younghusband, A.
Lugard, E. donated this handsome book to the Club.
 Correspondence.
COMMUNICATIONS.—All communications of Philatelic matters and Publications for Review should
be addressed to the Editor of THE LONDON PHILATELIST, Kingston Lodge, Richmond Place,
Brighton.
ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to MR. A. CHURCHILL EMERSON (Advertising Department), Effing-
ham House, Arundel Street, London, W.C.
SUBSCRIPTIONS. —THE LONDON PHILATELIST will be sent, post-free in Great Britain or the countries
of the Postal Union, to any subscriber, on receipt of 6s. ($1.50). Subscriber? remittances should
be sent to Mr. A. CHURCHILL EMERSON, EFFINGHAM HOUSE, ARUNDEL STREET, STRAND,
LONDON, W.C.

A POST CARD COLLECTORS' SOCIETY. "Who's afraid?"—runs, or rather gives himself

To the Editor of the" London Philatelist." away, in an astonishingly naif way.
SIR,—In your article on "The Survival of the First, I would ask him to obtain from the Post-
Fittest" you admit that " the collection of entires" master at Mafeking—who has so obligingly opened
is a "genuine and honest branch of Philately." our eyes by giving the quantities and dates of the
They, therefore, ought to survive, being better surcharged stamps—the number of letters de-
fitted to live than most adhesives issued during spatched during December, January, and February,
the last fifteen years, the wholesale launching of and let any honest man judge whether there was
which, as more portable articles for speculators, not a sufficient quantity of stamps in March to
has really caused the neglect of entires. last another six months. This might settle the
There are still a few hundreds of collectors of question of necessity.*
these in this country, many of whom can afford to Now as to their being speculative. Can any-
get their supplies from the Continental dealers, but body desire better evidence than Mr. Turner's
for others it will be difficult to keep their collec- own words?—which, by-the-by, sum up the old
tions up to date, now English dealers have ceased controversy as to Used v. Unused very neatly.
importing them. True, it is bulky stock, and "The real function of a stamp is to frank a
little demand for it; but if any firm had arranged letter." He then goes on to show how he and
for the importation of 200 pieces (instead of 2,000, others, if besieged, would speculate in such
as of old), there would have been no difficulty in things, by each addressing letters to himself daily,
getting fair prices for them quickly. and getting all his friends to do likewise ! So at
If there are a score or more members of the the end of the siege " we would find ourselves
Philatelic Society desirous of obtaining these, a the owners of quite a nice assortment of Mafeking
co-operative scheme of direct importation could stamps which cost us next to nothing"—to sell in
surely be arranged on the lines adopted by some London at forty guineas the set !
U.S. clubs, whose secretaries have funds to buy I say, without fear of disproof, that there were
stamps in bulk as they come out. In England we plenty of stamps in Mafeking for several months'
have now but one Exchange Society for entires of average requirements, if the photographer secre-
all countries, and, as manager thereof, I may tary (so-called) of Colonel (afterwards General)
mention that a Post Card Collectors' Society has Baden-Powell and his backers had not obtained
been proposed, in which founders paying £1 or the sanction of the genial and gallant officer to
more would be first supplied with new issues at make such; and also that if there had been
cost with delivery, the ordinary members obtain- a quarter million stamps in the place over-
ing theirs in the usual " packet" at a price just printed, they would have found their way into the
under that usually obtainable by dealers. A small pockets of the few that were '' in the know " out
reserve fund would soon accumulate, which might there. If they were a legitimate postal issue,
be used for buying collections at auctions for dis- why has the Postmaster-General since condemned
tribution again to members of the Exchange, and them by his announcement that they would not be
for supplying specially designed albums and allowed to pay postage in the Colony ?
cabinets as required. Mr. Turner also informs us that nobody says
Surely one hundred members could be got the V.R.I, stamps are speculative. I say, in
together for such a purpose, and if any influential common with many other thinking persons, that
members of your Society will meet or make pre- they were utterly unnecessary and decidedly specu-
liminary arrangements for a suitable organisation, lative in their inception and origin, as in most
I will do my best to assist by recommending the overprinted issues anywhere. The British, being
transfer of my exchange, as I am physically unable in possession, and in sole charge of the mails and
to do more than use my pen a little. stamps to frank them, could have sold and used
I am, Sir, your obedient servant, the Boer stamps just as they were ; but then not
B. W. WARHURST. one-tenth of them would have been bought, and
CHELSEA, S.W., January $th, 1901. the officials knew this perfectly well.
[Steps have already been taken by the Philatelic Your obedient servant, B. W. W.
Society of London to further the views that Mr. * This is given elsewhere in Mr. Melville's
Warhurst advocates.—ED.] article.—ED.

MAFEKINGS. THE JUNIOR LONDON PHILATELIC

SIR,—The charming simplicity or childlike SOCIETY.
innocence of Mr. Turner is quite touching in DEAR SIR,—More than a year has passed
such a doughty champion of the "Mafeking since I last had'occasion to write you. Then the
Besieged " labels. What real evidence is there Junior London Philatelic Society was not more
that the stamps were speculative ? he valiantly than a few weeks old. Now I am happy to say
asks, and then—like the boy who called out, that, thanks to the kindly notices with which we
 THE MARKET.

have been favoured by your own and other publi- meeting-place for the members during the last
• cations, we have made remarkable progress. season. This, of course, excludes all members
Our first year's experience has shown us the out of town from one of the chief advantages of
need of an institution like the Junior London the Society. The new scheme, which is already
Philatelic Society. We did a great deal of work in operation at several centres (notably Cape
in helping young collectors last year, but for the Colony, Croydon, Manchester, Southport, and
coming season we have a programme that, if the elsewhere), provides for grants from the Society's
expectations of the committee are realised, will funds to cover the expenses of meetings, etc.,
have a very far-reaching influence on the popu- held at the various centres.
larity of the hobby. The Society would be very glad if you would
In the first place we have organised an exchange bring before the notice of your readers the fact
scheme. The first packet showed great promise. that we would like to hear from all who live in
In the third packet we have inaugurated a feature districts (suburban, provincial, colonial, or foreign)
(which I believe is quite novel) in sending round where there are openings for branches of the
a " Want Book," in which the members state their Society.
wants. The book is sent to all members in rotation, The kindly co-operation of the various provincial
and they are thus enabled to better estimate the societies for advanced Philatelists is earnestly
kind of stamps required by their fellow-members. solicited, and will be gratefully acknowledged.
The most important scheme for the new century, Thanking you in anticipation of the continuance
however, is that which provides for the organisa- of past favours,
tion of local, provincial, colonial, and foreign I am, Sir, yours faithfully,
branches of the Society. FRED. J. MELVILLE, President,
The headquarters in London provided the sole 30, ACRE LANE, BRIXTON, January i^tfi, igor.

The Market.
NOTE.—Under this title will be inserted all the information that may refer in any way
to the financial aspects of Philately, e.g. the sales or values of stamps, the state
of the Market, Trade tublications. etc.

THE prices of Mafekings are falling. It is rouletted, mint, £2 6s. Sweden, the error,
reported that at Mr. Stevens' sale on January "TRETIO" for "TJUGO," unused, £11. Switzer-
I7th four sets of 19 stamps each realised £72, land, Basle, 2\ rappen, unused, £6 los. Trans-
and that one set, at least, went for £17. vaal, 1900, surcharged "V.R.", in violet, in
* * * rubber type, the set from jd. to Is., all used, on
pieces of the original, £3 55 ; ditto, ditto, on
MESSRS. PLUMRIDGE AND Co.'s sale of Dec. 2|d., blue, and Cape of Good Hope stamps, sur-
l8th and igth.—British Honduras, 6d., rose, CC, charged "Z.A.R.", and value in black, id., 2d.,
14, with gum, £2 8s. ; is., grey, CA, 14, used, and 2jd., all fine copies, used, on small pieces,
£l I2s. Ceylon, is. gd., green, mint, £3. Great £4. 53. U.S.A., State |io, unused, £7 155.
Britain, I.R. Official, los., blue, used, £2 ; and Victoria, 53., blue on yellow, used, £3 35. A
20s., green, used, £2. Mauritius, 1859-61, im- collection of unused stamps, in plain book, a
perf., is., yellow-green, mint pair, £2 175. 6d. very fine lot—catalogue value stated to be over
Natal, 1862, no wmk., imperf., id., rose-red, ;£i2O, £2$ ; and another collection, in two vols.
block of four, unused, £3 155. ; 6d., grey, no (2.310), above the average, ^45.
wmk., rough perf, mint pair, £i 53. ; and a
block of four, £2 45. Sydney View, id., pale
red on laid, £2 6s. Orange River Colony, V.R.I.,
paneof sixty, 55., green,varieties included, ^17 55. MESSRS. VENTOM, BULL, AND COOPER'S sale
South Australia, 1871, V and Crown, 4d., purple, of January 3rd and 4th.—Great Britain, id., black,
fair, £^ 18s. Turks Islands, is., prune, defective, V. R., used, with guarantee, rubbed on face,
£4 45. U.S.A., 1855, 90 c., blue, unused, £2 2s. £? 5s' ! Government parcels, id., lilac, inverted
Victoria, iod., slate, without wmk., used, £2 2s. surcharge, used on entire, £3 175. 6d. Moldavia,
The bulk of this sale comprised big lots, col- 54 paras, used, £7 los. Bangkok, 96 c., slate,
lections, etc. used, £2 I2s. Johor, 1891, 2 c. on 24 c., error
* * * "CENST", used, £2 i8s. Perak, the error
"PREAK", and No. 30 in Gibbons, unused, £2.
MESSRS. PI.UMRIDGE AND Co.'s sale of January Selangor, 2 c. on 24 c., an unused sheet of sixty
I4th and I5th.—British East Africa, 1895,5rupees, with various types, £3 A collection of Japan
olive-green, used, £l l8s. British Honduras, C A, (829), £20 los. British South Africa, 1891, pro-
6d., yellow, used, £l I2s. Mafeking, set of visionals, set of four, unused, £6. Mafeking,
eighteen, used, £14; block of four, used, is. on thirteen siege stamps, £7 155. Transvaal, 3d.,
6d. Bechuanaland Protectorate, £4 ics. Cape mauve on green, with "Transvaal" above "V.R.",
of Good Hope, De la Rue type, triangular, mint used, £4 45.; ditto, provisional, id., in black,
pair, id., blood-red, £3; ditto, 4d., blue, £3 35. ; on 6d., Gibbons' Types 10 and n, unused, and
and ditto, 6d., mauve, £4. Great Britain, 2d. Type 12, used and a little torn, £4; ditto. id.,
Mulready wrappers, complete sheet of twelve in in black, on 6d., Gibbons' Types 13 and 15, in
frame, £6. New South Wales, pair 3d. Sydneys, an unused pair with gum, the upper stamp, Type
with very light postmark, £$ 55. St. Vincent, 13, is a trifle defective, £3 ; ditto, id., in black,
id., rose-red, used, compound perfs., ^3 33. on 6d., Gibbons' Type 14 ("v" instead of "y"
Sierra Leone, 1894, CC 14, " HALF-PEMNY" on in penny), £3 35. ; ditto, id., in black, on 6d.,
lid., lilac, vert, pair, £5. South Australia, 2s., Gibbons' Types 15 and 16, fine, £2 123. ; ditto,
26 THE MARKET.

id., in red, on 6d., Gibbons' Types 10, II, 13 merits of existing auctioneers, there has not yet
and 14 (the "v" variety), each has a trifling arisen the philatelic Christie and Manson, but
defect, £$ 53. ; ditto, id., in red, on 6d., Gibbons' the present instance forms the nearest approach
12 types, used, 15 and 16, unused, £4 7s. 6d. A thereto.
stock book of Victoria (about 2,500) went for £10, * * *
and a collection of 1,277 realised £16 5s.
WASHINGTON'S first auction sale of stamps on
* * * a metropolitan scale was held last Tuesday, and
MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON'S sale of is pronounced a decided success. There was an
January 8th and gth.—Great Britain, 2s., brown, unexpectedly large attendance, which would have
part gum, £4. Ceylon, 8d., brown, iniperf., been a credit even to New York. The statement
used, £12 IDS. British South Africa, 1896, is made that it was the largest number of col-
Buluwayo provisionals, One Penny on 3d., grey, lectors ever seen together in Washington. Prices,
a very fine used pair, £6 55 ; ditto, a single copy, as a rule, were quite high, many things bringing
and One Penny on 45., grey, used together and nearly catalogue and even more. Stamps of
very fine, ^5 ; Mafeking Besieged, sans-serif sur- Cuba, Porto Rico, and Philippines went very
charge, is. on 6d., brown on red, on piece of well. There were no great rarities among these
original—a fine copy of this, the rarest of all the latter, but a few of the medium-priced stamps,
Mafeking provisionals, £6; ditto, 2s. on is., which are in good demand. In several cases
green, £2 8s. ; ditto, another ditto, £2 ics. mail bids had been received to the extent of
Orange Free State, 1877, 4d. on 6d., rose, Type two or even three times the amount at which a
D, inverted surcharge, used, £z 12s. ; 1888, id. stamp would be sold. Here are a few of the
on 4d., blue, Types I. and II., a vertical pair, most interesting figures :—
lower stamp with double surcharge, unused, in Cat. Price.
mint state, £2; 1890, 6d., carmine, blocks of U.S., 1861, Aug., 240., fe»perfs., trimmed. .$40.00 §22.50
twelve, unused, in mint state, £i i8s., £2 as., ,, ^£70, ioc., grilled, very fine *' mint".. 35.00 2 .00
Cuba, 1869, 40 c., unused i.oo .75
£l 185., and £l l6s. Orange River Colony, „ 5C- .. i-S° -4°
1900, Jd. to 5s-> complete, including 2^d., blue, 1874, I p. „ 1.50 20

and 6d., carmine, all unused, in mint state, 1878,100.

1880, ioc. „
2.00
i.oo
.TO
.50
£2 l8s. ; ditto, 2jd., blue, and 6d., carmine, iS8i, 2 c. ,, i.oo .90
unused, in mint state, £3 5s- ! ditto, a similar 1890,100. ,, 1.50 1.50
lot, £i I2s. ; Rustenburg provisionals, Jd., id., postage due set, unused i.oo .85
2d., 2jd., 3d., 6d., is., and 2s. 6d., surcharged Hawaii, 13 c.. No. 6, unused 13-50 9.25
,, Official, used set 2.50 2.75
"V. R.", all fine, except latter, which is damaged, Philippines, 1864, 25 c., pen cane i.oo .90
£4 IDS. Zanzibar, 1896, blue surcharge, J anna, Porto Rico, 1874-75, i p., unused (not priced) — 6.50
green, and I anna, purple (a pair), used together ,, 1876, i p., No. 10, unused 2.00 2.20
,, 1890, 10 c 50 2.10
on piece of original, £6 ; ditto, A anna, green Surinam, 1892, 2^ on 500., double surcharge,
(a strip of three), and I anna, purple, ditto, unused (uncatalogued) — 7.50
£8 ics.; ditto, I anna, purple, the error, All prices quoted are taken from the advance
"Zanibar," se tenant with the normal variety, sheets of the sixtieth edition of the catalogue.
unused, in mint state, £3 35. Nevis, is., yellow- Most of the above very unusual figures were
green, unused, no gum, No. 10, £8 55. ; 4d., realised from bidders in the room. The total
orange, unused, in mint state, No. 5, ^4 43.; ditto, amount of the sale was $1,105.18. It was so
6d., grey, ditto, No. I, £3 173. 6d.; ditto, another, satisfactory that several others will probably be
ditto, No. II, £4 12s. 6d. Collections and re- held here each season in future.—MekeeFs Weekly.
mainders sold as follows: 3,186 stamps, £18 los.;
3,100, £21 ; 4,465, £12 ; and 4,500, £40.
* * * "THE presence of Mr. Chas. J. Phillips, man-
MESSRS. PUTTTCK AND SIMPSON'S sale on the aging director of Stanley Gibbons, Ltd., of
5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th of next month will ap- London, in this city [Washington] this week has
parently be the largest and most important been an item of great interest to the philatelic
auction that this country has ever seen. The public," says Mr. J. M. Bartels in Mekeefs
catalogue, which was wisely issued at the be- Weekly. Our enterprising London dealer has,
ginning of this month, is quite a departure from as we expected, "astonished the natives" by the
existing tradition, being in large quarto with stiff splendid stock that he took with him. He really
cover, and having five pages illustrations of 168 might have left some for the ordinary mortals
of the choicest specimens in the collection. The who call in at 391, Strand.
total number of lots is 825. Hence, with the "Such a magnificent lot of treasures as he
sale commencing each day at 4.30 p.m., 200 lots carries with him have never before been seen in
should be disposed of before anyone could develop this section. It was only a small portion of trie
any abnormal pangs of hunger! The advertise- stock of this great firm, yet their value was
ment in this and other journals will have prepared between $200,000 and $300,000. It would be
purchasers for what is to be offered, but Reunions, almost useless to try to enumerate any of the
first issue Hawaiian, circular Guianas, and 81 p. things shown. The first issue of the Philippines
Moldavians do not come every day to the auc- was particularly well represented, even in unused
tioneer's hammer. blocks up to 20. Mr. Phillips reports splendid
This auction has been well advertised, the sales since his arrival in this country, and is
catalogue has been issued in good time for greatly pleased with the prospects."
foreign and American bids, the stamps are largely Mr. Bartels explains that from a business point
illustrated, and are stated to be accurately de- of view Washington is not much of a place for a
scribed, so that purchasers from afar may bid large dealer to visit. Most of the collectors there,
with confidence. We have always advocated the depending upon salaries, can spend only a limited
adoption of all the foregoing conditions with amount for stamps. One who will spend a
regard to any sale of real importance, and we hundred dollars at a time is not to be found at
shall be greatly surprised if the result in this case all, and local d.ealers have to look to other cities
is not eminently satisfactory. Despite the many for their best customers.