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    Cell-Cycle Reviewer

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    Roan James Ocampo
    The cell cycle consists of four main stages: gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap 2 (G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase (G1, S, G2), the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. In mitosis, the cell nucleus and cytoplasm divide to form two identical daughter cells each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The cell cycle helps organisms grow and repair tissues through continuous cell division.

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    Cell-Cycle Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Roan James Ocampo
    222 views6 pages
    The cell cycle consists of four main stages: gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap 2 (G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase (G1, S, G2), the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. In mitosis, the cell nucleus and cytoplasm divide to form two identical daughter cells each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The cell cycle helps organisms grow and repair tissues through continuous cell division.

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    The cell cycle consists of four main stages: gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap 2 (G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase (G1, S, G2), the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. In mitosis, the cell nucleus and cytoplasm divide to form two identical daughter cells each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The cell cycle helps organisms grow and repair tissues through continuous cell division.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    222 views6 pages

    Cell-Cycle Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Roan James Ocampo
    The cell cycle consists of four main stages: gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap 2 (G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase (G1, S, G2), the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. In mitosis, the cell nucleus and cytoplasm divide to form two identical daughter cells each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the original parent cell. The cell cycle helps organisms grow and repair tissues through continuous cell division.

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    The Cell Cycle and Mitosis • The main stages of the cell cycle are gap 1,

    synthesis, gap 2, and mitosis.


    What is Cell Cycle?
    The cell cycle was discovered by Prevost and Dumas Gap 1 (G1): cell growth and normal functions
    (1824) while studying the cleavage of zygote of DNA synthesis (S): copies DNA
    Frog. It is a series of stages a cell passes through, to Gap 2 (G2): additional growth (chromatids become
    divide and produce new cells. replicated chromosomes)
    This entire process where with the help of one single Mitosis (M): includes division of the cell nucleus
    parent cell a new cell population grows and develops (mitosis) and division of the cell cytoplasm
    is known as the cell cycle.  (cytokinesis)
    Mitosis occurs only if the cell is large enough and the
    Phases of Cell Cycle DNA undamaged.
    • Cell cycle or cell division refers to the series of
    events that take place in a cell leading to its Interphase
    maturity and subsequent division. These Also known as the resting phase of the cell cycle;
    events include duplication of its genome and interphase is the time during which the cell prepares
    synthesis of the cell organelles followed by for division by undergoing both cell growth and DNA
    division of the cytoplasm. replication. It occupies around 95% time of the
    • A typical eukaryotic cell cycle is divided into overall cycle. The interphase is divided into three
    two main phases: INTERPHASE AND M PHASE phases:

    G1 phase (Gap 1)
    G1 phase is the phase of the cell between mitosis
    and initiation of replication of the genetic material of
    the cell. During this phase, the cell is metabolically
    active and continues to grow without replicating its
    DNA.

    S phase (Synthesis)
    DNA replication takes place during this phase. If the
    initial quantity of DNA in the cell is denoted as 2N,
    then after replication it becomes 4N. However, the
    number of chromosomes does not vary, viz., if the
    number of chromosomes during G1 phase was 2n, it
    will remain 2n at the end of S phase. The centriole
    also divides into two centriole pairs in the cells which
    The cell cycle has four main stages.
    contain centriole.
    • The cell cycle is a regular pattern of growth,
    DNA replication, and cell division.
    G2 phase (Gap 2)
    During this phase, the RNA, proteins, other
    macromolecules required for multiplication of cell
    organelles, spindle formation, and cell growth are
    produced as the cell prepares to go into the mitotic
    phase.

    Some cells like cardiac cells in the adult animals do


    not exhibit division and some others only divide to
    replace those cells which have been either damaged
    or lost due to cell death. Such cells which do not
    divide further attain an inactive G0 phase also known
    as quiescent phase after they exit the G1 phase.
    These cells remain metabolically active but do not
    divide unless called upon to do so.
    Chromosomes condense at the start of mitosis.
    • DNA wraps around proteins (histones) that
    condense it.
    • Ina typical human cell, there is about 6.5 feet
    of DNA!

    Mitosis
     The purpose of mitosis is cell division: making
    two cells out of one.
     Each cell has to have its own cytoplasm and
    DNA.
     The DNA is replicated in interphase when two
    chromosome strands became four strands
    (two strands per chromatid).
     In mitosis the four strands (two sister
    chromatid) have to break apart so that each
    new cell only has one double-stranded
    chromosome.
     Two sister chromatids together make a
    chromosome
    The process of mitosis generates new cells that are genetically identical to each other. Mitosis helps
    organisms grow in size and repair damaged tissue.
    Some species of algae are capable of growing very quickly.

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