3.6.1 Design pressures P= 123 (0.5 + 0.18) = 48.4 psf (all zones) P= 12.3 x (-0.9 ~ 0.18) = -18.3 psf (Zones 1) p= 12.3 x (-22) =-27.1 psf (Zone 2) p= 12.3 x (-2.2) = -27.1 psf (Zone 3 on hip roofs) Pa l23x (8.7) 45.5 pst (Zone 3 on gable roofs) Example 6: 200-ft x 250-ft Gable Roof Commercial/ Warehouse Building Using Buildings of All Height ns. In this example, design wind pressures for a large, one-story con Wg ave determined. Figure G3-13 shows the di 1g of the building. The building data are as shown here. warehouse buildi ‘ane frau Location Memphis, Tennessee Terain Fiat farmland Dinensions 200 ft 250 fiw plan ave height of 20 Roof stope 4:12 (184°) Framing. Rigid frames span the 200-1 divection Rigid frame bay spacing is 25 ft Laterat bracing in the 250-t direction is provided by a" spanning the 200 fro side walls and eable/vod bracing i of the walls Gints and pustins span beeween Girt spacing is 6 [8 in, Parlin spacing is 5 f nel truss” he planes. iframes (25-L span) Cladding Roof panel dimensions are 2 fewide Roof fastener spacing on purlins is fi on center Wall panel d e220 E Wall fastener spacing on girts is 1 fi on center Openings are uniformly distributed Exposure and Building Classification ‘The building is located! on flat ancl open farmand, It does not fit Exposures B or D; therefore, Exposure Cis used (Sections 6.5.6.2 and 6.5. ‘The building function is commerciatindustrial. [Lis not con essential facility o likely to be occupied by 300 persons at one tin gory IL is appropriate, Table 1-1 and Table 6-1 of the Standard specify an importance factor f= 1.0, Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05 59Figure G3-13 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 ali CablerRod Bracing Building Characteristics for Examples 6 and 7, Commercial/Warehouse Building Basic Wind Speed Selection of basic wind speed is addressed in Section 6.5.4 of the Standard, Memphis, Tennessee, is not located in the special wind region, nor is there any reason to suggest that winds at the site are unuswal and require additional attention. Therefore, the basie wind speed is V= 90 mph (sec Figure 6-1 of the Standard), Analytical Procedure Method 2, Analytical Procedure, is used in this example (see Section 6.5 of the Standard).-In addition, provisions of buildings of all heights, given in Section 6.5.12.2.1 and Figure 6-6 for MWERS, will be used. Alternate provi- sions of low-rise buildings arc illustrated in Ex. 7 (Section 3.7 of this guide). Wind Directionality Wind directionality factor is given in Table 64 of the Standard. For MWERS: and C&C, the factor K,= 0.85. Velocity Pressures ‘The velocity pressures (Table G3-17) are computed using 4,= 0.00256 K.K,K,V"l psf 615) where K, = Value obtained from Table 68 of the Standard K, = 10 (no topographic effect) I = 1.0 for Category II building K, = 085 V = 90mph 60 Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provislons of ASCE 7-05,Table 3-17 External Wall G, 3.6.6 Height Eave 20 090 168 30 0.98. 73 h 36.7 1.02 180" 40 104 183, 50 1.09 19.2 Ridge a0 19.4 qe 18.0 pat. therefore, 4, = 0.00256K,(1.0) (0.85)(90)"(1.0) = 17.6 K. pst Values for K, are the same for Cases Land 2 for ‘Table 63 of the Standard). Mean roof height h= 36.7 ft posure C (see Design Wind Pressure Design wind pressures for MWERS of this building can be obtained using Sec- tion 6.5.12.2.1 of the Standard for buildings of all heights or Seetion 6.5.12.2.2 for lowaise buildings. Pressures determined in this example are using build- ings ofall hei hts criteria. Ex, 7 illustrates use of low-rise bu P= 46G,- 4666) (Eq. 6-17) where = 4, for windward wall at height z above ground 4 = 4, for leeward wall, sicle walls, and roof 4, = qylor enclosed buildings G = Gust effect G, = Values obtained from Figure 6-6 of the Standard (GG,)_ = Values obt Figure 65 For this example, when the wind is normal (o the ri roof experiences both positive and negative external pressures. Cot these external pressures with positive and negative internal pressures will result in four loading cases when wind is normal to the ridge. When wind is parallel to the ridge, positive ancl negative internal pres- sures result in two loading cases. The external pressure coefficients, G, for = 0°, apply in this case. Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05 67Table G3-18 Table G3-19 Gust Effect Factor For rigid structures, Gan be calenlated using Eq. 6-4 (sce Section 6.5.8.1 of the Standard) or alternatively taken as 0.85, For simplicity, G ~ 0.85 is used in this example. External Wall Pressure The pressure coefficients for the windward wall and for the side walls (see Figure 6.6 of the Standard) are 0.8 and -0.7, respectively, for all L/B ratios, ‘The leeward wall pressure coefficient is a function of the L/B ratio, For wind normal to the ridge, L/B= 200/250 = 0.8; therefore, the leeward wall pres- sure coefficient is 0.5. For flow parallel to the ridge, L/B~ 250/200 = 1.25; the value of G,is obtained by linear interpolation. The wall pressure coefficients are summarized in Table G3-18. External Roof Pressure for Wind Normal to Ridge ‘The roof pressure coefficients for the MWERS (Table G3-19)are obtained from Figure 66 of the Standard. For the roof angle of 184, lincar interpolation is used to establish G, For wind normal to the ridge, h/L = 86.7/200 = 0.18; hence, only single linear interpolation is required. Note that interpolation is only car ried out between values of the same sign. Internal (GC) Values for (GG,) for buildings are adldeessed in Section 6.5.1.1 and Figure 65 of the Standard. The openings are evenly distributed in the walls (cnclosed External Wall C, Surface Wind direction Lp G Windwardyall =A all 0:80 Leeward wall Normal to ridge 08 0.50 Parallel to ridge 1.25 045" -0.70 Side wall all All © By linear interpotadion Roof C, (Wind Normal to Ridge) Surface 15° 18.4° 20° Windward roof 05 0.36" 038 00 out 02 Leeward roof 05 057 0.6 © By linear interpolation. 62 Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05,3.6.7 building) and Memphis, ‘Tennessee, is not in a hurvicaneprone regi reduction factor of Section 6.5.11.1.1 is not applicable for enclosed bn therefore, (6G,)= 40.18 MWEFRS Net Pressures P= 6G,- g46G,) (Bq. 6-17) P= (0.85) G,~ 18.0(40.18) where = 4, for windward wall 4 = for leeward wall, side wall, and roof 4 = 4.for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed buildings Typical Calculation Windward wall, 0-15 fe, wind normal to ridge p= 15.0(0.85) (0.8) ~ 18.0(40.18) pe p= 134 psf with (-) internal pressure -0 psf with (+) inten I press Th 1 pressures for the MWERS are summarized in Table G3-20. External Roof Pressures for Wind Parallel to Ridge For wind parallel to the ridge, /L = 86.7/250 = 0.147 and © < 10°, ues of G, for wind parallel to ridge are obtained from Figure 66 of the Stan- dard and ave shown in Tables G3-21 ancl 63-22, Design Wind Load Cases Section 6.6.12. of the Standard requifes that any building whose Joads have been determined under the provisions of Sections 6.5.12.2.1 and ind load cases as defined in Figure 6-9 of chides the loadings shown in Figures G3-14 through 63-17, A combination of windward (P,) and leeward (P,) loads is applied for Load Cases 2, 8, and 4as shown in Figure 6-9 of the Standard. Section 65.12.3 of the Standard has an exception that ifa building is designed with flexible diaphragm, only Load Cases I and 3 need to be cor not enough structural information given in this example to assess flexi ity of roof diaphragm, Structural designer will have to make a judgment for each building. Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05 63Table G3-20 MWFRS Pressures: Wind Normal to Ridge Table G3-21 3.6.8 i et pressure Sue DG OG, Windvardwall 0-15 150085 —~08 ~—O~S~SC«CS Wie ipse tom coe eesoteee tag Leeward wall All -180 0850509 ta Sidewalls —Al_—=«180. 0850? Ow Windvard = 18085-03588 Root ou 41 Ba Leeward roof «180085 087-086 Noes 9.= 1809 pa (6G) = 20.18; (6G) = 292 pst. * Two loadings on windward roof and two internal pressures yield a total of four fond Ing cases (see Figures C3-14 and G3-15).. Roof C, (Wind Parallel to Ridge) Surface Distance from windward edge G Roof Oh 08,018" toh ~0.5, -0.18" >2h 03, -0.18" * ‘The values of smaller uplift pressures on the roof can become critical when wind load is combined with roof lie load or snow load; load combinations are given in Sections 2.9 and 2.4 ofthe Standard. For brevity, loading for ths value is not shown, in this example, Design Pressures for C&C Eq, 622 from Section 6.5.12.4 of the Standard is used to obtain the design pressures for components and cladding. b= Gl(GG) ~ (6G) (Eq. 6-22) where = 18.0 pst (GG) = Values obtained from Figure 6-11 (GG,)_ = £0.18 for this buitding 64 Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05Table G3-22 _ MWERS Pressures: Wind Parallel to Ridge [Net pressure pf with Sufece 2 ao 666) Windwardwall 0-15 150088 08 70 2 158080875 m3 kok 150 40830889 67 583948 OBO Leewordwall —Al,——180 85-045 101 ae walls Al 18008-07140 Root doh 180 08 «09-170 Moth 180 085-05 094k 22h 180088 03a Notes: ¢ = 18.0 pst: (GG,) = 40.18; from windhrardl edge. Roof m 200 —————~— Figure G3-14 Net Design Pressures for MWERS When Wind Is Normal to Ridge with Negative Windward External Roof Pressure Coefficient Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05 6575 psf 7opst EF 200 ft —_——— Figure G3-15 Net Design Pressures for MWERS When Wind Is Normal to Ridge with Positive Windward External Roof Pressure Coefficient 207m 267k, rot oolpresuie Oxtnce tom miedwsledge pst ose spat seran Figure G3-16 Net Design Pressures for MWERS When Wind Is Parallel to Ridge with Positive Internal Pressure 66 Wind Loads: ude to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05 ee eee 4aor 3678 A pst sea ae 300 mea sure ot 3 2p nce a6 pat Foofprenure Oitancefromaindaalledge Tos pst onert angst sar-73ate Vaast ni ona Figure G3-17 _ Net Design Pressures for MWFRS When Wind is Parallel to Ridge with Negative Internal Pressure Wall Pressures The C&C pressure coefficients (GG) (Table G3-23)are a function of effec- tive wind area. ‘The clefinitions of effective wind area for a component or cladding pane! is the span length multiplied by an effective width that need not be less than one-third the span length; however, for a fastener it is the area wibutary to an individual fastener. Girt larger of A= 25(6.67) = 167 or A= 25(25/3) = 208 fe (controls) ‘Wall Panel larger of 6.67(2) = 18.8 or .67(6.67/3) = 14.8 fi (controls) Fastener A=6.67(1) = 6.7 6 find Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05 67Table G3-23 Wall Coefficients (GC,), by Zone External (GG) cee age) Zones 4 and 5 Zone 4 Zone5 i Girt 208 077 087 0.93 | Panel 48 os -107 -1.34 Fastener 6.7 1.00 0 -1.40 ! Other” <10 1.00 =110 -1.40 other" 2500 0.70 0.80 0.80 Note: Values are from "igure 6-11A of the Standard. (GG) values are obtained using eq) tions in Chapter 2 of this guide. Other CRG can be doors, windows, etc. Typical calculations of design pressures for girt in Zone 4 are shown below and wall G&G pressures are summarized in Table G3-24, : For maximum negative pressure | p= 18.0{ (-0.87) ~ (40.18) p=~18.9 pst with positive internal pressure (controls) i p=-12.4 psf with negative internal pressure For maximum positive pressure i p= 18.0 (0.77) ~ (£0.18)} | p= 10.6 psf with positive internal pressure j p= 17.1 psf with negative internal pressure (controls) ! Roof Pressures Effective wind areas of roof C&C (Table 3-25). Parlin larger of A=25(5) = 125 fC or A= 25(25/3) = 208 ft’(controls) Panel larger of A=5(2) = 10 ft%(controls) or A=5(5/3) =8.3 Fastener A=5(1) 5h? 68 Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05, —-Table G3-24 Net Controlling Wall Component Pressures (psf) Controlling design pressuses (psf) Zoned Zone 5 coc Positiwe —- Negative Positive Negative Panel 207 207 24 Fastener a2 ane 28.4 Aston 212 24.0 a2 28.4 A> 500 6 158 176 158 176 Table G3-25 Roof Coefficients (GC), 7°<0< 27° External (6G) Component Aft) Zones 1,2, and 3 Zone} —Zone2—Zone 3 Puli #ee te oon Faere de aOs Ene Tenieteiatriieo! Panel 10 05 09 -17 26 Fastener 5 os 09 17 26 Other 10 05 -09 7 26 Other 100 08 08 20 ‘Typical calculations of design pressures for purlin in Zone 1 are as follows and roof C&C pressures are su negative pressure. umarized in Table G3-26, For maxinnum 8.0[(-0.8) ~ (40.18)} For maximum positive pressure p= 18.0[(0.8) ~ (40.18)] 1 psf with positive internal pressure .6 psf with negative internal pressure p= 10 psf minimum net pressure (controls) (Section 6.1.4.2 of the Standard) Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 705 69Table G3-26 Net Controlling Roof Component Pressures (psf) Controlling design pressures (ps) Positive Negative Component — Zones I, 2, and 3 Zone 1 Zone? Zone 3 Poin S~”*~*~iSSSC=<*~saGSS*C<“~i SSC Panel 122 “194 33.8 50.0 Fastener 122 -194 238 50.0 Aston 122 “19.4 238 50.0 A= 500 fe 100" -176 248 99.2 imum net pressure controls (Section 6.1.42 ofthe Standard). Special case of girt that transverses Zones 4 and 5 Width of Zone 5 smaller of 0.1(200) = 20 f or a= 0.4(36.7) = 14.7 ft (controls) butnotless than 0.04(200) =8 ft or 3h Weighted average design pressure 14.7(-20.0) + 10.3(-18.9) 2 =19.6 psf This procedure of using a weighted average may be used for other components and claddin, Special Case of Strut Purlin (interior) Strut purlins in the end bay experience combined uplift pressure as a roof component (C&C) andl axial load as part of the MWERS, Component Pressure End bay purlin located in Zones 1 and 2 Width of Zone 2, a= 14.7 ft Weighted average design pressure 14.7(-24.8)+10.3(-17.6) 25 -21.9 psf (Purlin in Zones 2 and 8 will have higher pressure) 70 Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-05,