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    Shona Note

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    Tee Rohie
    1. This document provides an overview of the Shona noun class system including the prefixes, examples of nouns that belong to each class, and some general rules. 2. There are 21 noun classes identified by prefixes like mu-, va-, ma-, and others. Nouns are assigned to a class based on prefixes, meaning, and other factors. 3. Noun class membership determines agreement patterns for other words. For example, a noun with a mu- prefix takes an adjective with a mu agreement prefix.

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    Shona Note

    Uploaded by

    Tee Rohie
    1K views12 pages
    1. This document provides an overview of the Shona noun class system including the prefixes, examples of nouns that belong to each class, and some general rules. 2. There are 21 noun classes identified by prefixes like mu-, va-, ma-, and others. Nouns are assigned to a class based on prefixes, meaning, and other factors. 3. Noun class membership determines agreement patterns for other words. For example, a noun with a mu- prefix takes an adjective with a mu agreement prefix.

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    Shona Notes o level

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    1. This document provides an overview of the Shona noun class system including the prefixes, examples of nouns that belong to each class, and some general rules. 2. There are 21 noun classes identified by prefixes like mu-, va-, ma-, and others. Nouns are assigned to a class based on prefixes, meaning, and other factors. 3. Noun class membership determines agreement patterns for other words. For example, a noun with a mu- prefix takes an adjective with a mu agreement prefix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views12 pages

    Shona Note

    Uploaded by

    Tee Rohie
    1. This document provides an overview of the Shona noun class system including the prefixes, examples of nouns that belong to each class, and some general rules. 2. There are 21 noun classes identified by prefixes like mu-, va-, ma-, and others. Nouns are assigned to a class based on prefixes, meaning, and other factors. 3. Noun class membership determines agreement patterns for other words. For example, a noun with a mu- prefix takes an adjective with a mu agreement prefix.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Shona O level notes

    Mupanda

    MIPANDA YEMAZITA
    (Table of noun classes)

    Mupanda Chivakashure Muenzaniso


    Class prefixes Examples
    number
    1. mu- mukadzi
    la - baba
    2. va- vakadzi
    2a va- vasahwira, VaGumbo
    (yekuremekedza )
    2a vana- vanatezvara (vakawanda)
    2b a- atete, asahwira
    3 mu- munda
    4 mi- minda
    5 - (ri-) banga
    6 ma- mapanga
    7 chi- chingwa
    8 zvi- zvingwa
    9 - (i-) huku
    10 - (dzi-) huku
    11 ru- rukuni
    12 ka- kambuyu
    13 tu- tumbuyu
    14 u- upfu
    15 ku- kuenda
    16 pa- pamba
    17 ku- kumusha
    17a - zasi
    18 mu- mumunda
    19 svi- svimbudzi
    21 zi- zigomana

    Maumbirwo amazita

     Mazita ese anopinda muzvikwata zvakasiyanasiyana zvichienderana


    nemaumbirwo awo.
     Zvikwata izvi zvinodaidzwa kunzi mipanda.
     Zvikwata izvi zvinoonekwa nezvivakashure,maumbirwo,ushoma
    nouzhinji hwawo uye nezvaanoreva.
     Zita rinovakwa nechivakashure+dzitsi.
    Sokuti,
     mu-+-komana =mukomana
    mu- (chivakashure)
    -komana (dzitsi)
     Mazita anoiswa mumupanda mumwe anenge ane sungawirirano
    yakafanana.
    Sokuti,
     mukomana uyu
     mukadzi uyu
     murimi uyu
     musikana uyu
     Mazita omumupanda mumwe kanaava muuzhinji anova
    nechivakashure chimwe chete sokuti,
     vakomana
     vakadzi
     varimi
     vasikana
     Zvinoreva kuti mazita ese anofambirana nenzira iyi kupinda
    mumupanda mumwe.
     Muchidimbu mazita anoiswa mumupanda nekuda kwezvinotevera:

    a) Zvivakashure
     Zvivakashure zvakafanana zvinoita kuti mazita apinde mumupanda
    mumwe chete semuenzaniso:
     rukukwe
     rukova
     ruvanze
    b) Zvaanoreva
     Mazita anoreva zvakafanana anopinda mumupanda mumwe chete
    somuenzaniso:
     murume
     mukadzi
     musikana
     Mazita evanhu nokudaro anopinda mumupanda 1.

    c) Sungawirirano
     Pane mazita ane zvivakashure zvakafanana asi achipinda
    mumupanda yakasiyana.
     Mazita aya kuti apinde mumupanda yawo panoshandiswa
    sungawirirano.
     Sungawirirano ikange yakasiyana kureva kuti mazita acho ari kupinda
    mumipanda yakasiyana somuenzaniso:
     Iye mukomana. (1)
     Iwo musana. (3)
     Imo mupurazi. (18)
     Kune mamwe mazita ane zvivakashure zvakasiyana asi
    sungawirirano iri imwe chete somuenzaniso:
     garwe iri (ri-) + -karwe
     bhuku iri Ø- + -bhuku
     zana iri (ri-) + -zana
     joki iri Ø- + -joki

    Sungano youshoma nouwandu.


     Mazita anopinda mumupanda nekuda kweushoma kana uwandu
    hwawo somuenzaniso:
     mukomana (1) vakomana (2)
     banga (5) mapanga (6)
     imba (9) dzimba (10)
    Mupanda 5
     Mazita emupanda uyu haana chivakashure chiri pachena.
     Pamaumbirwo emazita emupanda 5, mazita acho anoshandisa dzitsi
    remupanda 6.
     (ri-) ndicho chivakashure chemazita ari mumupanda uyu
    semuenzaniso:
     ri- + -kudo = gudo
     ri- + -tombo = dombo
     ri- + -chongwe = jongwe
     Mumupanda umu mune chivakashure ichi zvakare: Ø-
     Mazita anovakwa nechivakashure ichi ane dzitsi risingashanduki uye
    mamwe mazwi emupanda uyu akatorwa kubva kune mamwe
    marudzi.
     Ø- + - bhuku = bhuku
     Ø- + - gejo = gejo
     Ø- + - ziso = ziso
     Mupanda wamazita unotsanangurwa sechikwata chamazwi ane
    hukama nokudyidzana sokupangidzwa kwazvaitwa pamusoro.
     Mipanda yamazita inosvika kumakumi maviri nerimwe (21).

    Mupanda Chivakashure Zita


    1 mu- mukomana
    2 va- vakomana
    1a Ø- tezvara
    2a Va- VaGumbo
    ambuya
    2b a-
    amai
    muti
    mu-
    3 mugwagwa
    mw-
    mweya
    4 mi- minda
    5 (ri-) garwe
    6 ma- makarwe
    7 chi- chikoro
    zvi- zvikoro
    8
    zv- zvana
    i- mombe
    9
    N- hama
    10 dzi- dzimba
    ru- rukova
    11
    rw- rwiyo
    12 ka- katsuro
    tu- tukomana
    13
    twu- twukomana
    u- upfu
    14 hu- hupenzi
    hw- hwahwa
    15 ku- kufamba
    16 pa- panze
    17 ku- kure
    17a Ø- zasi
    18 mu- mudanga
    svi- svimuto
    19
    sv- svana
    21 zi- Zigadzi

    Mipanda namazita ayo


    Mupanda 1
    Chivakashure /m-/mw-/
    Muenzaniso

    Chivakashure Dzitsi
    mu- -rume
    mu- -komana
    mw- -enga/p>
    mu- -dzidzisi
    Zvaanoreva
     Ose mazita ari mumupanda 1 anomirira mazita avanhu.
     Chivakashure chacho mu-, mw- chinomirirazve ushoma hwama zita
    acho.
    Sungawirirano
     Mazita emupanda 1 ane sungawirirano inoenderana seizvi,
     murume uyo
     mukomana uyo
     mudzidzisi uyo
     mwenga uyo
     mweni
     Chivakashure mu-chinogona kubatana nemadzitsi anobva
    muzviito,sokuti
    o mutauri
    o mudzidzisi
    o murapi

    Mupanda 2
     Chivakashure /va- v-/
     Chivakashure ichi chinotaura nezvo uzhinji hwomupanda 1
    Mienzaniso,
     vakomana
     veni
     varapi

    Mupanda 1a
    Chivakashure Ø-

     Chivakashure ichi hachionekwi pazita.


     Chinotaura ushoma chichipangidza ukama sokuti sekuru,baba.
     Chinoreva mazitasingwi evanhu sekuti Chipo,Farai.
     Chinoreva mazitasingwi enzvimbo sekuti Zambezi,Harare,
    Chitungwiza.
     Mazita anotaura mabasa emunhu sekuti mabharani,dhiraivha.

    Mupanda 2a
    Chivakashure /va- Va- /

     Mazita aya anoratidza kuremekedzwa kwemazita omumupanda


    1a,sokuti,vatete,vasahwira.
    /Va- / uyu anoratidza zita romunhu anokudzwa saVaMudyanadzo,
    VaTadzoka.
    Mupanda 2b
    Chivakashure /a-/
    Mazita omumupanda uyu anoratidza ukama sokuti
     ambuya
     amai.

    Mupanda 3
    Chivakashure /mu- /

     Chivakashure ichi chinoreva mamwewo mazita asiri avanhu.


     Mazita aya anogona kuve emiti sekuti;
    o mutohwe
    o mutamba
    o musasa.
     Anogona kuve mazita anoreva enhengo dzomuviri sekuti;
    o musoro
    o muromo
    o mupimbira.
     Anogona kureva mamiriro ekunze sekuti;
    o mwedzi
    o mwando.
     Anogonazve kutaura dzimwe mhando dzezvokudya sekuti;
    o mukaka
    o muriwo.
     Chivakashure ichi chinogona kubatanawo namadzitsi anobva
    muzviito sekuti;
    o munamato
    o muridzo.

    Mupanda 4
    Chivakashure /mi- /
     Mazita omumupanda uyu uzhinji hwemumupanda 3 sekuti;
    o misika
    o mitohwe
    o miromo
    o mimwe
     Mamwe mazita emumupanda 3 haashanduki kana ave muuzhinji
    hwawo saka chivakashure /mw- / chinoonekwazve mumupanda 4
    sekuti;
    o mw-edzi
    o mw-ando
     Mazita anoti moto,moyo ari mumupanda uyu asi chivakashure chawo
    ndi-/m- /

    Mupanda 5
    Chivakashure /(ri-) / Ø-/

     Mazita aya ane chivakashure chisingaonekiasi anozivikanwa


    nesungawirirano inowanikwa paari sekuti;
    o demo iri
    o danda iri
     ri- anoita kuti dzitsi rezita rishanduke sekuti;
     /ri-/+ -temo = demo
     /ri-/+ -tanda = danda
     Dzitsi remumupanda 5 rinogona kuva dzitsi mumupanda 6,7 kana 11.
     Garwe izita remumupanda 5 tarisa maumbirwo anoitwa zita racho;
    o /ri-/ + -karwe
     Dzitsi -karwe rinogona kuonekwa sezvinotevera;
    o ma-karwe ( mupanda 6)
    o tu-karwe (mupanda 13)
    o chi-karwe (mupanda 7)
    o ru- karwe (mupanda 11)
     Chakakosha kúziva kuti mazita ari mumupanda 5 isungawirirano
    yacho nokuti mazita acho akawandisa.

    Mupanda 6
     Aya mazita anoratidza uzhinji hwamazita ari mumupanda 5, 11, 21
    sekuti;
    o makudo
    o machira
    o madzikana.
     Anoratidzazve mazita enzvimbo kana enguva yegore sekuti;
    o materu
    o mavirira
    o mahombekombe.

    Mupanda 7
    Chivakashure /chi- /ch-
     Chi-+ -koro
     Ch- + -anza
     Ch- + -oto
    Mienzaniso yemazita
     Chigero
     Chipako
     Chihuta
     Chikadzi
     Chamupidigori
     Churu
     Zita rokuti chamupidigori rinovakwa seizvi;cha- + -mupidigori

    Mupanda 8
    Chivakashure /zvi-/ /zv-/
    Mienzaniso
     zvi-pusha
     zvi-huta
     zv-ombo
     Mazita aya uzhinji hwamazita omumupanda 7

    Mupanda 9
    /n-/ Ø-/ i-/
     Aya mazita anoratidza ushoma hwemazita angave eshiri kana mhuka
    sekuti mbizi, mhembwe,hurekure,njiva
     Mazita emidziyo yemumba kana nhumbi dzekupfeka sekuti;
    o shashiko
    o nhembe
    Maumbirwo acho ndeanotevera;
     N- + -mombe
     N- + -ngwena
     Kune mamwe mazwi ekuti dzitsi rinotorwa kubva kuchiito
    semuenzaniso;
     Mhondi inoshandisa dzitsi -pond- ratorwa kubva kuna kuponda.
    o N- + -pond-a (mhondi)
    o N- + -paradz-a (mharadzi)
    o Mharadzi inoshandisa dzitsi -paradz- ratorwa kubva
    pachiito kuparadza.

    Mupanda 10
    Chivakashure /dzi-/ Ø- /i-/ n-/
    Muenzaniso
     dzi- + -mba
     Ø- + -nzou
     Mazita aya anoratidza uzhinji hwemumupanda 9

    Mupanda 11
    Chivakashure /ru-/ /rw- / /rwu- /
    Mienzaniso
     rujazi
     rugotwe
     rukweza
    Zvaanoreva
     Mazita anotaura zvinhu zvinoshoreka sekuti;
    o rwana
    o rukuni
     Mamwe anotaurawo zvisingashoreki sekuti;
    o rwaivhi
    o rukodzi
    o rudo

    Mupanda 12
    Chivakashure /ka-/

     Mazita omumupanda uyu ane zvinhu zvinoshoreka sokuti;


    o Kashiye
    o kambiya
    o kadhiidhii

    Mupanda 13
    Chivakashure /tu-/ tw-/twu-/

     Mazita omumupanda uyu anoreva uzhinji hwemazita emumupanda


    12 semuenzaniso;
    o tushiye
    o tumbiya
    o twudhiidhii

    Mupanda 14
    Chivakashure/u-/ /hu-/ hw-/

     Mumupanda uyu mune mazita asingaverengeki asi achiratidza umwe


    sekuti;
    o unyope
    o upenyu
    o utsi
     Unhu hunoburitswawo mumupanda uyu sekuti;
    o hupenzi
    o upfambi
    o utsinye.

    Mupanda 15
    Chivakashure /ku-/

     Mazita omumupanda uyu anoshandisa mudzi wechiito sokuti


    kufamba,kunyora ,kugara.
    Maumbirwo

    Chivakashure mudzi wechiito nzvovera


    Ku- -mhany- -a
    Ku- -fem- -a
    Ku- -gar- -a

     Mazita aya anoratidza donzvo rokuita.


     Zviitiko zvacho hazvibatiki.

    Mupanda 16
    Chivakashure /pa-/

     Mazita aya anotaura pamusoro penzvimbo sokuti;


    o pachikomo
    o pamusoro
    o paruware.
    Mavakirwo
    Chivakashure + Dzitsi
    pa- + -musoro

    Mupanda 17
    Chivakashure /ku-/

     Mazita anotaridza nzvimbo iri kure nomutauri.


    Mienzaniso
     kutsime
     kugwenga
     kurwizi.

    Mupanda 18
    Chivakashure /mu- /

     Aya mazita anoratidza nzvimbo iri mukati sokuti;


    o mumba
    o mudura
    o mumugomo.
    Mupanda 19
    Chivakashure /svi-/

     Mazhinji amazita aya anotaurwa kuChikaranga achiratidza zvinhu


    zvidiki kana zvishoma zvichishoreka sokuti;
    o svimvura
    o svimuto
    o svitete.

    Mupanda 21
    Chivakashure /zi-/

     Mazita aya anotaridza zvinhu zvine mwero wakapfurikidza.


    Mienzaniso
     zigomana
     zidzoro
     zigora.

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