Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks

2000-2001 Solved Examples

1. Fundamentals
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

1. Fundamentals
(1)
(a) Statical system for each tank

Fig. 1 H

For H = 1.5 m
The walls of the tank can be treated as cantilever , i.e., the total load acting in each
wall will be transmitted in vertical direction

Statical system in
conjunction with
the loads

Vertical Sec.

For H = 4 m
Top horizontal beam should be used. In this case, the wall will be considered as two
way slab.

Vertical strip

Horizontal strip at the sec.

of max. horizontal load
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Fig. 2

Statical system for

vl strip (Box. Sec)

Tie

Fig. 3

Structural system
for vl. strip

* If the tie is removed

Statical system for vertical strip

H
Fig. 4

H=2m
The walls of the tank can be considered as cantilever walls

Statical system for vl. Strip

 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

*H=4m

Top horizontal beam should be used.

vl. Strip

Fig. 5

Treated as cantilever
retaining wall H
Central part

For large diameter tank, the part of floor with the length (L) with the wall adjacent to
it can be assumed as a retaining wall connecting to the central part.

* If the tank has sliding base, the wall and floor will be treated separately.

Fig. 6

Horizontal Strip vl. Strip in long dir. vl. Strip in short dir.

b. Acting loads & case of loading

• Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 are elevated tanks

Acting loads are: * own weight of concrete elements
* water load → vl. Load on floor
→ lateral load on walls
* External lateral load → wind pressure
→ Earthquake Excitation

- case of loading
1- Case of water load (No external lateral load)
2- Empty tank and consider lateral load.
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

• Fig. 5 is rest on soil tank

Acting loads are : own weight of tank
: Water load
: Soil reaction
there is only one case of loading under the effect of all acting loads

• Fig. 6 is under ground tank

Acting load are : - Own weight of concrete
- Weight of water
- Weight of soil above the tank
- Lateral earth pressure
- Lateral hydrostatic pressure due to ground
water.
- Soil reaction below the tank
- Uplift force due to ground water
Case of loading

Case 1
• tank is full of water and no soil around tank (Check
bearing capacity of soil)
• tank is empty and consider soil around tank (Check
Empty uplift)
Case 2

(2)
a.s a.s

w.s a.s a.s w.s

w.s w.s w.s

- The sections that labeled by (w.s) are water side sections.

- The sections that labeled by (a.s) are air side sections.
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

(3)
sec. 1 Mu = 0.0
Nu = +150 kN Water side section

Tu 15
T= = = 100 kN
1 .5 1 .5
- t = 0.6 T = 0.6 * 10 = 6 cm < 20 cm
take t = 20 cm
- use 10 → β cr = 0.85
Tu 150 * 1.15 * 1000
As = = = 563.7 mm 2 = 5.637 cm 2
β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360
A s /side = 5.64/2 = 2.82 cm 2
use 5 10 /m` / side

- Check of tensile stress for concrete.

f t > f cto = (f ctr /η ) , η = 1.7

T 150 * 1000
ft = = = 0.75 MPa
A c 200 * 1000
0.6 f cu 0.6 300
f ctr = = = 1.93 MPa
η 1.7
f t < f ctr (o.k)

Sec. 2 Mu =100 kN.m , Nu = 0.0 (water side sec.)

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu M * 1000 6.67 * 1000

∴M = = 66.7, t = = = 47.2 cm t = 50 M = 500 mm
1.5 3 3
≅ 50 cm
ft > fct
M 6M 66.7 *10 6
where f t = = = = 1.6 MPa
Z bt 2 1000 * 500
2

=O
fct (N )
t v = t[1 + ] = t = 50 cm
f c t (M )
→ η = 1.65
0.6 f cu 0.6 30
∴fct = = = 1.99
η 1.65
→ ft < fct o.k

M u = 100 kN.m & t = 500 mm → d = 460 mm

Mu
d = c1
f cu b
100 * 10 6
460 = c1 → c1 = 7.97
30 * 1000
∴ J = 0.826
Mu
→ As =
β cr f y dJ
- use 10 → β cr = 0.85
100 * 10 6
As = = 860 mm 2 = 8.6 cm 2
0.85 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 11 10 /m'
- use 16 → β cr = 0.75
100 * 10 6
As = = 975 mm 2 = 9.75 cm 2
0.75 * 360 * 460 * 0.826
use 5 16 /m'
or 9 12 /m'
A's = 5 10 /m'
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. 3 Mu = 100 kN.m & Tu = 10 kN

100 10
M = = 66.7 kN .m & T = = 6.7 kN
1.5 1.5
t = 50 M + 30 = 50 66.7 + 30 = 438 mm take t = 500 mm
f t = f c t ( N ) + f c t (M)
T 6.7 * 1000
fc t (N ) = = = 0.0134 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 500
6M 6 * 66.7 * 10 6
f c t (M ) = 2
= 2
= 1.6 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 500
f t = 1.6 + 0.0134 = 1.6134 N/mm 2
fct r
fct = , f c t r = 0.6 f cu = 3.28 N/mm 2
η
fc t (N ) 0.0134
t v = t[1 + = 500[1 + ] = 504.18 mm 2
f c t (M ) 16
∴η ≅ 1.65

3.28
fct = = 1.98 N/mm 2 > f t o.k
1.65
M 100
e= u = = 10 m, outside sec. (big ecc.)
Tu 10
t
es = e - + cov er
2
= 10 - 0.25 + 0.04 = 9.79 m
M us = Tu e s = 10 * 9.79 = 97.9 kN.m
M us 97.9 * 10 6
d = c1 ∴ 460 = c1 → c1 = 8.05
f cu b 30 * 1000
∴ J = 0.826
use max = 16 m m → β cr = 0.75

M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y dJ β cr f y / γ s
97.9 *10 6 6.7 *10 3 *1.15
= + = 983 mm 2
0.75 * 360 * 0.826 0.75 * 360
use 5 16 /m'
A's = 5 10 /m'
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. 4 Mu = 10 kN.m & Tu =150 kN

10 150
M = = 6.7 kN.m & T = = 100 kN
1.5 1.5
t = 50 M + 30
= 50 6.7 + 30 = 159.4 mm
0.6 T = 0.6 * 100 = 60mm
∴ use t = 200 mm
f t = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) > f c t r /η
T 100 * 1000
fc t (N ) = = = 0.5 N/mm 2
A c 1000 * 200
6M 6 * 6.7 * 10 6
f c t (M ) = 2
= 2
= 1.005 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 200
⎡ f (N ) ⎤ ⎡ 0.5 ⎤
t v = t ⎢1 + c t ⎥ = 200 ⎢1 + = 299.5 mm
⎣ f c t (M ) ⎦ ⎣ 1.005 ⎥⎦
∴η ≅ 1.45 , f c t r = 3.28 N/mm 2

3.28
f t = 0.5 + 1.005 = 1.505 N/mm 2 , f c t = = 2.26 N/mm 2
1.45
∴ft < fct o.k
M u = 10 kN.m & Tu = 150 kN
Mu 10 t
e= = = 0.067 m < - cover
Tu 150 2
Tu M u 150 10
T1 = + = + = 137.5 kN
2 d - d' 2 0.16
T2 = T - T1 = 150 - 137.5 = 12.5 kN
As` T2
→ use 10 , β cr = 0.85 T+As T
T1
T1 137.5 *1.15
As = = = 517 mm 2
β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360
choose 7 10 /m'

T2 12.5 *1.15
A's = = = 47 mm 2
β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360
use 5 10/m'
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding

Base (I)
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

2. Rectangular tanks with sliding Base (I)

* Consider 1.0 m Strip at lower end of wall.

a b
40 kN/m`

40 kN/m` 40 kN/m`
3.0 m 4.0 m

40 kN/m` γh = 40 kN/m 2

d c
5.0 m

* Applying 3- moment Eqn to calculate the bending moment:

apply 3- moment Eqn at (a)
Md (3) + 2 Ma (3+5) + Mb(5) = -6Rel R2 =208.3
Re1 = -(20.83 +4.50) 253.3
Ma =Mb= Md
R1 = 45 4 t/m`
3Ma +16Ma + 5Ma = 6 * 253.3
24 Ma = 1519.8 wl 3
∴Ma = 630 m.t 4 t/m`
R=
24

60 60 62
+ 100
100
(2)
63 (2) 63

+ (3) + (3) 18 18

(1) 63 63 63
100 (1) 100
60 + 60
62
N. F. D B. M. D
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Calculation of moment by using method of moment distribution:

a d
4 t/m`

b c

Joint a b c d
member ad ab ba bc cb cd dc Da
R. S 0.33 0.2 0.2 0.33 0.33 0.2 0.2 0.33
D. F 0.62 0.38 0.38 0.62 0.62 0.38 0.38 0.62
F. E. M 30 83.3 +83.3 -30 +30 -83.3 +83.3 -30
33 20.3 33 20.3
10.15 16.5 10.15 16.5
-30.4 -49.6 -30.4 -49.6
63 -63 63 -63 63 -63 +63 -63

* Design of Section (1):

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 69.1 + 30 = 445.6
take t = 500 mm
A = 1000 * 500 = 5 * 10 5 = 500 mm
500 mm
1000 * 500 3
I= = 1.042 * 1010 mm 4
12 1000 mm

100 * 10 3
f ct (N) = = 0.2
5 * 10 5
63 * 10 6
f ct (M) = 10
* 250 = 1.51 N/mm 2
1.042 * 10
f (N )
t v = t(1 + ct ) = 566.22 mm
f ct ( M )
f ctr 0.6 25
∴ = = 1.81 N/mm 2
η 1.65
f
f ct (N) + f ct (M) = 1.71 < ctr ok
η
M = 69.1 kN.m T = 100 kN , Water- side section

Mu = 94.5 kN.m Tu= 150 kN.m

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu
e = = 63 . 0 cm > t / 2
Tu
t
es = e − + cov er = 0 . 45 m
2
M us = T .e s = 67 . 5 kN.m

M us
d = c1
f cu B
67.5 *10 6
430 = c1
25 *10
∴ c1 = 8.28 j = 0.826
M us Tu 67.5 *10 6 15 *10 3
As = + = + = 1130 mm 2
β cr f y jd β cr f y / γ s 0.85 * 360 * 0.826 * 430 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
= 11.3 cm 2
use 10 12 /m`
Sec. Steel = 6 10 /m`

* Design of section (2)

M u = 93 kN.m , Tu = 90 kN t = 30 cm ; Air - side section

Mu t
e= = 1.03 m >
Tu 2
t
es = e - + cover = 0.953
2
M us = 85.8 kN.m
M us 85.8 *10 6
d = C1 230 = C1
f cu B 250 * 1000
∴ C1 = 3.93 j = 0.802
M us Tu 85.8 * 10 6 90 *10 3
As = + = +
f y jd f y / γ s 360 * 0.802 * 230 360 / 1.15
= 20.85 cm 2
use 10 16 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Design of Section (3)

M u = 27 kN.m Tu = 150 kN.m t = 300 mm , Water - side section

A = 1000 * 300 = 3 * 10 5 mm 2
1000 * 300 3
I= = 2.25 * 10 9 mm 4
12
100 * 10 3
f ct ( N ) = 5
= 0.33 N/mm 2
3 * 10
18 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) = * 150 = 1.2
2.25 * 10 9
f (N )
t v = t (1 + ct ) = 382.5 mm ∴η = 1.5
f ct ( M )
f ctr /η = 2 N/mm 2
f ctr
f ct ( N ) + f ct ( M ) = 1.53 < ok
η
M t
e= = 0.18 m >
N 2
t
e s = e - + cover = 0.10 m
2
M us = 15 kN.m
M us
d = C1
f cu b
15 * 10 6
230 = C1 ∴ C1 = 9.39 j = 0.826
25 * 1000
M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y jd β cr f y / γ s
= 8.22 cm 2
use 10 12 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding

Base (II)

3. Rectangular tanks with Sliding Base (II)

 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

• Prob. No. (1) [Elevated tank with Sliding Base]

Take thickness of base = 20 cm

• Loads
w kN/m2 = weight of covering + weight of water + weight of walls + o.w of base
Weight of covering = 4 kN/m2
Weight of water = γ h = 40 kN/m2
Weight of walls : assume thickness of wall = 30 cm
= 0.3*25.0*4* (5*2+4.40*2) = 564 kN
Weight of walls /m2 = 56.40/(5*5) = 2.256 t/m2
Weight of base = 0.2 *25 +0.5 = 5.5 kN/m2
wtot t/m2 = 4+ 40 +22.56 +5.5 = 72.06 kN/m2

5.0 36.03 kN/m`

r= = 1.0 5.0 m
5.0
36.03 kN/m`
α = 0.5 β = 0.5
w α = w β = 36.03 kN/m 2
5.0 m

• Consider 1.0 m width:

M u = 169 kN/m` (Air - side section) 36.03 kN/m`

Mu 5.0 m
d = C1
f cu B (1)
+
169 * 10 6 112.6 kN.m
160 = C1
25 * 1000
∴ C1 = 1.95 C1 < C1 min
take t = 300 mm
∴ C1 = 3.16 j = 0.757
Mu 169 * 10 6
As = = = 2385 mm 2 / m = 23.85 cm 2 / m
f y jd 360 * 0.757 * 260
use 10 19 /m` in both directions bottom reinforcement
Use top reinforcement = 0.2 * 23.85 = 4.77 cm 2 /m → Choose 7 10 /m`

Design of beams: assume beam 40 * 80 cm

O.w = 0.4 (0.8-0.30) *2.50= 0.50 t/m`
5.0 m
wslab= 7.206 t/m2
ws = 95.08 kN/m`
Equivalent load for shear
wb = 125.7 kN/m`
ws= 0.50 + 7.206 *2.50*0.5 =9.508 t/m`
Qu max = 35.655 t
Equivalent load for flexure (bending) 5.0
wb= 0.50+7.206*2.50*0.67= 12.57 t/m`
Mu max = 58.92 m.t
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu
d = C1
f cu B
6 t s + b = 220 cm
L2
B = the least of + b = 90 cm (controls)
10
1
C.L → C.L = 250 cm
2
58.92 *10 5
∴ 75 = C1 ∴ C1 = 4.63 j = 0.821
250 * 90
Mu
As = = 26.58 cm 2 use 7 22 As ' = 3 19
f y jd
check of shear
Qu 35.655 * 10 3
qu = = = 11.885 kg / cm 2 > q u c = 9.68 kg/cm 2 unsafe
bd 40 * 75
use 7 φ 8/m` 4 branches
q u act = q u s + q u c /2 = 15.79 > 11.885 kg/cm 2 ∴ O.K.

Prob. No. (2) [Resting on soil tank with sliding base]

• Check of bearing capacity:

 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Assume t = 250 mm
∑ vl load = wall load + base load + weight of water
(assume t wall = 300 mm)
Weight of walls = 0.3*25*3 (2*4+2*3.40) =33.30 t
w t/m2= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8 kN/m2
• Wall load = 20.8 kN/m2
• Base load = 0.25 *25 = 6.25 t/m2 +0.5 (flooring) = 6.75 kN/m2
• Weight of water = γh = 10 *3 = 30 kN/m2
Total load = 57.55 kN/m2 < 100 kN/m2 ok

Loads

w kN/m2= wt of walls (assume t wall = 300 mm)

w kN/m`= 333 / (4*4) = 20.8
10.4 kN/m`
r = 1.0 α = β = 0.5
Wα = Wβ = 10.4 kN/m2
10.4 kN/m`

Consider 1.0 m width

Mu max = 23.4 kN.m (Water-side section)

0.25 3.50 m 0.25
Water side
0.25 0.25
t = 50 M 3.50 m

= 50 15.6 = 197.4 mm
10.4 kN/m`
take t = 250 mm
15.6 kN/m`
A = 1000 * 250 = 25000 mm 2 -
+ +
bt 2 1000 * 250 2
z= = = 10.42 * 10 6 0.3 0.3
6 6
f ct (N) = 0
M 15.6 * 10 6 250
f ct (M) = = 6
= 1.49 N/mm 2
Z 10.42 * 10 1000
t v = 250 mm f ctr /η = 2.2
f ctr
f ct (M) = 1.498 < ok
η
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu
d = C1
f cu B
23.4 * 10 6
200 = C1
25 * 1000
∴ C1 = 6.54 j = 0.826
Mu 23.4 * 10 6
As = = = 463 mm 2
β cr f y jd 0.85 * 360 * 200
use 7 10 /m` (Top reinforcement)

Use bottom reinforcement 5 10 /m`

Note that in this case, walls of the tank act as

supporting beam with adequate capacity.
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

4. Elevated Conduits

4. Elevated Conduits
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(1)
(i)

2m 0.3 m

1m

1m
7m

Sec. Elevation x-x

30

5m

6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (U)
6 10 /m` (L)

9 10 /m` (L)
x 5m x

5m

Plan
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(ii) Acting load

assume ts = 30 cm
- Walls:
the wall will be considered as
one way slab in vertical direction. wβ

p= γ h = 1 * 17 = 17 kN/m2 wα 5

- Floor:
w = γ ts + γ wh
= 25 * 0.3 + 1 * 17 = 24.5 kN/m 2
5 * 0.76 4
r= = 1.25
4 * 0.76
r4
α= 4 = 0.7 → β = 1 - α = 0.3 (Grashoff ' s coefficients)
r +1
w α = 0.7 * 24.5 = 17.15 kN/m 2 , w β = 0.3 * 24.5 = 7.4 kN/m 2

Straining Actions
* Vertical strip

17.2 kN/m`

17 kN/m` 17 kN/m`

8.2 8.2
+ 0.82 0.82
14.45 14.45
26.2

N. F. D B. M. D

* Section in Floor

7.4 kN/m`

5m 5m
18.5 18.5 18.5

18.5 18.5

B. M. D
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Design of critical sections

Consider fcu = 25 kN/cm2

St. 360/520 (1)

(3) (2)
(4)

Sec. (1)
water side section
M = 8.2 kN.m
t = 50 M = 50 8.2 = 143.1 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ctr
f ct = f ct (M) >
η
6M 6 * 8.2 * 10 6
where, f ct ( M ) = 2 = 2
= 0.546 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 0.6 25 = 3 N/mm 2
f ct ( N )
t v = t [1 + ] = 300 → η = 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ctr 29.76
∴ = = 2.06 N/mm 2 > f ct (o.k)
η 1.45

M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m

t = 300 mm → d = 260 mm
12.3 *10 6
d = c1 → c1 = 11.7
25 *1000
→ J = 0.826
∴ use φ max = 10mm → β cr = 0.85
Mu 12.3 *10 6
As = = = 187 mm 2 = 1.87 cm 2
β cr f y dJ 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (2)
M = 8.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (water side section)
t = 50 M + 30 = 173 mm
take t s = 300 mm
f ctr
f ct = f ct ( N ) + f ct (M) >
η
T 14.45 * 1000
f ct ( N ) = = = 0.048 kN/mm 2
Ac 300 *1000
6M 6 * 8.2 *10 6
f ct (M) = 2 = 2
= 0.546 kN/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
∴ f ct = 0.048 + 0.546 = 0.594 kN/mm 2 →
f ct ( N ) 0.048
t v = t[1 + ] = 300[1 + ] = 326.3 mm
f ct ( M ) 0.547
f ctr
∴η = 1.45 , f ctr = 3 kN/mm 2 ∴ = 2.06
η
f ctr
∴ f ct < o.k
η
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

M u = 1.5 * 8.2 = 12.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 *14.45 = 21.7 kN

M u 12.3 t
e= = = 0.57 m > (big ecc.)
Tu 21.7 2
t
es = e - + cover = 0.57 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 0.46 m
2
M us = Tu e s = 21.7 * 0.46 = 10 kN.m
M us 10 *10 6
d = c1 ∴ 260 = c1 → c1 = 13
f cu b 25 * 1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y dJ β cr f y / γ s
10 * 10 6 21.7 * 1000 *1.15
= +
0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826 0.85 * 360
= 234 mm
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 0.2 A s use 6 10 /m`

Sec. (3)
M =26.2 kN.m & T = 14.45 kN (air side section)
t = 300 mm & d = 260 mm

M u = 1.5 * 26.2 = 39.3 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 14.45 = 2.17 kN

M u 39.3
e= = = 1.81 m (big ecc.)
Tu 21.7
t
es = e - + cover = 1.81 - 0.15 + 0.04 = 1.7 m
2
M us = Tu e s = 21.7 * 1.7 = 36.9 kN.m
M us 36.9 * 10 6
d = c1 ∴ 260 = c1 → c1 = 6.77
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm
M us Tu
As = +
f y dJ f y / γ s
36.9 * 10 6 21.7 *1000
= + = 200 mm 2
360 * 260 * 0.826 360/1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (4)

M = 18.5 kN.m (water side section)

t = 50 M = 50 18.5 = 215 mm
take t = 300 mm
f ctr
f ct = f ct (M) >
η
6M 6 * 18.5 * 10 6
f ct (M) = 2
= 2
= 1.23 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 300
f (N )
t v = t[1 + ct ] = t = 300 mm → η = 1.45
f ct ( M )
f ctr
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2 → = 2.06 N/mm 2
η
f ctr
∴ f ct < o.k
η

M us 18.5 *10 6 *1.5

d = c1 ∴ 26 = c1 → c1 = 7.8
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us 1.5 *18.5 *10 6
As = = = 422.3 mm 2
β cr f y dJ 0.85 * 360 * 260 * 0.826
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

Design of wall as beam

o.w= γ bt = 25 *0.3 *2 = 15 kN/m`

wf = 24.5 kN/m2

2m

5m 5m 5m (r =1.25 , α = 0.79 , β = 0.6)

Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Load for shear:

w = o.w + β wf x = 1.5+0.6*24.5*2 = 44.4 kN/m`

Load for moment

w = o.w + α wf x = 1.5+0.79*2.45*2 = 5.37 t/m`
Leff= C.L-C.L= 5 m
= 1.05 ln= 1.05 *4.7 = 4.94 m →
∴t/Leff = 200/494 = 0.405 > 0.4 (deep beam)

wl 2 53.7 * 5 2 wl 2 53.7 * 5 2
M + ve = = = 112 kN/m , M − ve = = = 134 kN/m`
12 12 10 10
For - ve moment
M u = 1.5 *134 = 201 kN.m , d = 1900 mm
Mu 201 *10 6
d = c1 ,1900 = c1 → c1 = 11.6
f cu b 25 * 300
J = 0.826
Mu 201 *10 6
As = = = 360 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 1900 * 0.826
use 3 16 for - ve &+ ve moment /m`

* Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions for deep beams
β=0.5
Max. reaction of beam α= 1/3 2
R = 1.1 wl = 1.1 *44.4 *5 = 244 kN 2
a b c
For beam 2
Sec. of beam = 300 * 1000
o.w = 25 *0.3*1= 8 kN/m`

Load for moment w = o.w +α w x = 8+2*1/3 *24.5*2= 41 kN/m`

Load for shear w = o.w +β w x = 8+2*1/2 *24.5*2= 57 kN/m`

M = 41 * 2 2 / 2 = 82 kN.m
M u = 1.5 M = 123 kN.m
Mu 123 * 10 6
d = c1 ,95 = c1 → c1 = 7.4
f cu b 25 * 300
J = 0.826
Mu 123 * 10 6
As = = = 440 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 950 * 0.826
use 3 16 , A`s = 2 12
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(iii) loads on columns

w
vl. Load = 2 [244 + 57 *2]=716 kN
P
N = 716 *1.1 = 788 kN 1m

Wwind = 716 *5 = 5 kN/m`

P= 5 * 2 = 10 kN
M = 10*10 = 100 kN.m
8m

1m

Design of sec.
N = 788 kN
Nu = 1.5 *788 = 1182 kN

Design for N only

Nu = 0.35 Ac fcu +0.67 fy Asc
Nu = Ac [0.35 fcu + 0.67 fy μ]
1182*1000= Ac [0.35*25+0.67*360*1/100]
Ac = 1059 cm2
Take column 300 *400 mm
To sustain the effect of buckling, take column 300 * 1000
He= k Ho = 2.2 *8 = 17.6 m
Consider unbraced column
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

H e 17.6
λ= = = 17.6 < λ max o.k
t 1
λ > 10 ∴ (long column)
2
λ2 t 17.6 *1000
δ= = = 155 mm
2000 2000
155
∴ M add = Pδ = 788 * = 12.2 m.t
1000
M design = M 2 + M add , where M 2 is due to wind load
= 100 + 122 = 222 kN.m
N u = 1182 kN , M u = 1.5 * 222 = 333 kN.m
Mu 333
e= = = 0.3 m
N u 1182 M N
+ 300
e 0.3 1000
= = 0.3 > 0.05 o.k
t 1

use interaction diagram for f y = 3600, α = 1 , ξ = 0.8

Nu 1182 *1000
k= = = 0.16
f cu bt 25 * 300 *1000
e Mu 333 * 10 6
k = = = 0.04
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 *1000 2
ρ = 0.0
0.4
use min steel = bt /side
100
0.4
= * 300 * 1000 = 1200 mm 2
100
choose 6 16
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

3 16/m` 3 16/m`

6 10/m` 6 10/m`

Cross sec. Of column

16
12

12
16

12

12

10/m`

10/m`
6
2

2
6

30
6 10/m`
6

6
6 10/m`
100
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Prob. (2)

40
4m

2m
60o
4m
4m
x x

4m
Sec. Elevation x-x

Plan

Loads
The floor and wall will be considered as way slab in the plane of the paper.
Assume t = 40 cm

Floor
wf = γ ts + γw h
= 25 *0.4 + 10*2 = 30 kN/m2
Wall
ww = γ ts = 25 *0.4 = 10 kN/m2
P = γw h = 20 kN/m2

Straining Actions
L

p p 2m
wf ww

4m
2.3 m
2m
60o
1.16

31.2 31.2
31.2 31.2
_ _
+ 25.3 kN +
25.3 kN
20 20
28.8
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

N. F. D B. M. D
23.1 kN

T= 23.1 kN sin 60 =20 kN

60o

60o 23.1 kN
water pressure
29.2 sin 60 o.w of wall + water weigh
25.3 kN = 1*23.1 +00.5*0.76*16
=29.2 kN

Design of critical sections

Sec. (1)

M = 31.2 kN.m , T = 20 kN (water side section) (3)

t = 50 M + 30 = 50 31.2 + 30 = 309 mm (2) (1)

take t = 400 mm
f
f ct = f ct ( N) + f ct (M) > ctr
η
T 20 *1000
f ct (N) = = = 0.5 N/mm 2
Ac 100 * 40
6M 6 * 312 *10 6
f ct ( M ) = 2
= 2
= 1.17 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 400
f ct = 0.5 + 1.17 = 1.67 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) 0.5
t v = t[1 + ] = 400[1 + ] = 570 mm , η = 1.65
f ct ( M ) 1.17
f ctr
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2 → = 1.82 N/mm 2
η
f ctr
∴ f ct > o.k
η

M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN

M u 46.8 t
e= = = 1.56m > (big ecc.)
Tu 30 2
t
es = e - + cover
2
= 1.56 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.40 m
M us = Tu e s = 30 *1.4 = 42 kN.m
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Mu 42 *10 6
d = c1 , 360 = c1 → c1 = 8.78
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us Tu
As = +
β cr f y dJ β cr f y / γ s
42 * 10 6 30 *1000
= + = 5.74 mm 2
0.85 * 360 * 360 * 0.826 0.85 * 360 / 1.15
choose 8 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`

Sec. (2)

M = 288 kN.m & T= 20 kN (air side section)

M u = 1.5 * 288 = 43.2 m.t & Tu = 1.5 * 20 = 30 kN
M u 43.2 t
e= = = 43.2 kN.m > (big ecc.)
Tu 30 2
t
es = e - + cover = 1.44 - 0.2 + 0.04 = 1.28 m
2
M us = Tu e s = 30 * 1.28 = 38.4 kN.m

M us 38.4 *10 6
d = c1 , 360 = c1 → c1 = 9.19
f cu b 25 *1000
J = 0.826
use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
M us Tu
As = +
f y dJ f y / γ s
38.4 *10 6 30 *1000
= + = 455 mm 2
360 * 360 * 0.826 360 / 1.15
choose 6 10 /m`
A`s = 6 10 /m`
 Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

Sec. (3)

M = 31.2 kN.m , N = - 25.3 kN (water side section)

Big. Ecc. compression
t = 50 M − 30 ≅ 249 mm take t = 400 mm
f ct = f ct (N) + f ct (M)
- 25.3 * 1000
f ct (N) = = −0.063 kN/mm 2
1000 * 400
6M 6 * 31.2 * 10 6
f ct ( M ) = 2 = 2
= 1.17 N/mm 2
bt 1000 * 400
f ct = −0.063 + 1.17 = 1.107 N/mm 2
f ct ( N ) 0.063
t v = t[1 + ] = 400[1 − ] = 421 mm , η = 1.6
f ct ( M ) 1.17
f ctr = 0.6 f cu = 3 N/mm 2
f ctr
∴ = 1.86 N/mm 2 > f ct (o.k)
η
M u = 1.5 * 31.2 = 46.8 kN.m
N u = -1.5 * 2.53 = -38 kN
∴ Use φ max = 10 mm ∴ β cr = 0.85
∴ β cr f y = 0.85 * 360 = 306 N/mm 2
⇒ Use strength interaction diagram for f y = 2800 kg/cm 2 ,
ξ = 0.8 , α = 1 ⇒ A s = A`s = 8 10 /m` (same as for sec.1)

* Design of wall as deep beam

Water weight
* Loads in the plan of the wall A
- o.w of wall = γ b t sin θ Own
θ =60o
= 25 * 0.3 *2.31 sin 60 weight
= 15 kN/m`
- wt of water = γw A sin θ
= 10 * ½ *1.16 *2 sin 60
= 10 kN/m`
- Load from floor = wf *2 = 30* 2 = 60 kN/m`
∴wt = 15 +10 +60 = 85 kN/m`

85 kN/m`

4m 4m
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

+ ve wl 2 85 * 4 2
M max = = = 113.3 kN/m
12 12
− ve wl 2 85 * 4 2
M max = = = 136 kN/m
10 10

Check of deep beam condition

Le ff = C.L − C.L = 4m
= 1.05 L n = 1.05 * 3.7 = 3.89 m
t 2.31
= = 0.59 > 0.4 Deep beam
L e ff 3.89
for - ve moment t = 2310 mm → d = 2200 mm
Mu
d = c1
f cu b
1.5 * 136 * 10 6
2200 = c1
25 * 300
C1 = 13.34 → J = 0.826
Mu 1.5 * 136 * 10 6
As = = = 312 mm 2
f y dJ 360 * 2200 * 0.826
1.3 * 312 = 406 mm 2
Smaller 11
A s min = greater * 300 * 2200 = 2017 mm 2
360
0.15/100 * 30 * 2200 = 990 mm 2
∴ use A s = 5 16 for both negative and positive momnts
• Shear capacity has to be checked according to code provisions
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

(iii) Design of column

Load on each column

concrete 6.32
5.52
1 6.32 + 4 5.52 + 3.6
* 4[( )*2 − ( ) * 1.6] * 25
2 2 2 1.6
2m
water 0.4
1 5.52 + 3.6 ≅3.6 m
+ * 4[( ) * 1.6] * 10 = 295.9 4m
2 2
due to o.w of column → Pcolumn = 1.1 * 295.9 = 325.2 kN

Wind load

P = 1 * 2 * 4 = 8 kN
p 2m
M = 8 * 8 = 64 kN
∴M/column = 64/2 = 32 kN.m

Design for N only

Nu = 1.5 * 325.5 = 488.3 kN 6m
Nu = [0.35 fcut + 0.67 fy μ] Ac
488.3 * 1000 = [0.35 *25 + 0.67 *360 * 1/100] Ac
Ac = 43700 mm2 1m
Take sec. 300 * 500

unbraced column
He
λ= , H e = k H o = 1.6 * 7 = 11.2m
t
11.2 * 100
λ= = 22.4 < (λ max = 23)
50
∴ take t = 70 → λ = 16 > 10 (long column)
λ2 t 16 2 * 700
∴δ = = = 89.6 mm
2000 2000
89.6
M add = P.δ = 325.5 * = 29 kN.m
1000
M design = 32 + 29 = 61 kN.m
∴ M u = 1.5 * 61 = 92 kN.m
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

* Design for M & N

Mu = 9.2 m.t
Nu = 48.83 t
30 cm
Mu 92
e= = = 0.2m 70 cm
N u 488.3
e 0.2
= = 0.3 > 0.05
t 0.7
use interaction diagram for f y = 360 , α = 1 , ξ = 0.8
Nu 488.3 * 1000
k= = = 0.093
f cu bt 25 * 300 * 700
e Mu 92 * 10 6
k = = = 0.025 , ρ = o
t f cu bt 2 25 * 300 * 700 2
0.4
use min. steel A s = * 300 * 700 = 8400 mm 2 /side
100
use 5 16
12

16
12
16

5
2
5

Sec. in column 300 mm

700 mm

6 10/m` 8 10/m`
9 10
6 10 8 10/m`
40 cm 40 cm

3 16 3 16
6 10/m`
6 10/m`

Cross-section of tank
Instructor: eng \ just for help Subject: Water Tanks
:2000-2001 Solved Examples

40
4m
8 10/m` 8 10/m` (U)
7 10/m` 7 10/m` (L)
10/m`(U)
10/m`(L)
10/m`
10/m`

4m
5
5

6
6

4m

Plan