Technical Guidelines No.5 Waste Classification

Waste Management Department
Technical Guidelines No 5.
Waste Classification
2015 Revision
OPEN DATA / ‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬

Prepared By Technical Studies Unit
Reviewed By Head, Technical Support

and Studies Section
Approved By Director, Waste

Management Department
Technical Guidelines No 5. Waste Classification

2
Contents
List of Tables.................................................................................................................... 4
List of Figures .................................................................................................................. 4
List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 4
1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 6
2.0 OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 7
3.0 SCOPE AND LIMITATION ............................................................................ 7
4.0 CURRENT WASTE CLASSIFICATION AND COMPOSITION........................... 7
5.0 SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTE................................................... 10
5.1 Domestic waste ................................................................................................... 11
5.2 Construction and Demolition Waste ..................................................................... 11
5.3 Horticultural Waste ............................................................................................. 12
5.4 Hazardous Waste................................................................................................. 12
5.5 Medical Waste ..................................................................................................... 13
5.6 Sewage Sludge ..................................................................................................... 13
5.7 Waste Tyres ........................................................................................................ 14
6.0 WASTE CLASSIFICATION FLOW AND COMPOSITON ................................ 15
7.0 BASES FOR CLASSIFYING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE............................... 16
8.0 WASTE CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE..................................................... 19
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX 1 WASTE CODES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTE EXTRACTED FROM THE

EWC .................................................................................................................... 26

3
APPENDIX 2. THE CALIFORNIA EXPANDED AND STANDARD LIST OF MATERIAL
TYPES ................................................................................................................. 29
List of Tables
Table 1: Existing waste type, waste source, waste component and some examples ................ 9
Table 2 Dubai Emirate’s waste arising by type and proportion disposed to landfill or
recycled.......................................................................................................................................... 10
Table 3: Chapter of the list of waste code .................................................................................. 16
Table 4.Municipal Solid Waste Classification Code.................................................................... 20
List of Figures
Figure 1: Existing solid waste classification ................................................................................ 8

Figure 2: Solid Waste Classification Flow .................................................................................. 15
List of Abbreviations
BOO - Build, Own, Operate

C&I - Commercial and Industrial
C&D - Construction and Demolition
CIWMB - California Integrated Waste Management Board
DECC - Department of Environment and Climate Change
EA - Environment Agency
EC - European Community/ European Council
EU - European Union
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
EWC - European Waste Catalogue
DM - Dubai Municipality
DoC - Duty of Care
IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISWM - Integrated Solid Waste Management

4
ISWMP - Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan
JAHWTF - Jebel Ali Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility
LoW - List of Wastes
MSW - Municipal Solid Waste
STP - Sewage Treatment Plant
Tpa - tonnes per annum
Tpd - tonnes per day
USEPA - United State Environment Protection Agency
UNEP - United Nations Environment Program
WEEE - Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment
WMD - Waste Management Department
WMMP - Waste Management Master Plan

5
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Dubai Municipality’s core vision of creating an excellent city that provides the
essence of success and comfort of sustainable living is to ensure a clean and
sustainable environment in the Emirate of Dubai. To achieve this vision, the
Waste Management Department (WMD) is confronted with the two-pronged
objectives, i.e., the efficient and cost-effective implementation of the Waste
Management Master Plan (WMMP) and at the same time maintaining
cleanliness in all the areas of the Emirate. Thus, the prime mandate of the
Department is to manage all the wastes generated in the Emirate’s, i.e., from
collection, transport, storage and treatment and disposal in an
environmentally friendly and socially sustainable manner using the resource
effectively and efficiently in the most economical means available (Mott &
MacDonald 2012).
One-of-the-requisites from the recently completed SIPSW-MP commonly

referred to as the Waste Management Master Plan (WMMP) is the “Duty of
Care” (DoC). DoC requires that waste should be classified according to the
international waste classification standard. The main purpose of which, is to
“to help those involved in the management and treatment of waste for disposal
to ensure the environmental and human health risks associated with it are
managed appropriately”, thus, attaining these objectives needs a technical
guideline. It is therefore, on this context that this technical guideline is being
prepared for.
This guideline discusses the steps and procedures in waste classification

system (excluding hazardous waste) using the European Waste Catalogue
(EWC) and the California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) 2008
Expanded and Standard List of Material Types. Other references were also
utilized, such as, the waste classification guides from USEPA, DECC, UNEP, etc.
It is composed of 7chapters, namely: 1) Introduction, 2) Objectives, 3) Scope
and Limitation, 4) Current waste classification and composition, 5) Source and
type of solid waste, 6) Waste classification procedure, and 7) Dubai’s waste
classification guide.
Chapter 1 introduces the subject matter which is the waste classification per
se, while Chapter 2 sets the direction that this guide wants to achieve. Chapter
3 discusses the scope and limits of this guideline; Chapter 4 discusses the
existing waste classification and composition which is composed of seven
categories; Chapter 5 discusses the sources and type of solid waste; Chapter 6
discusses the procedure in waste classification and finally, Chapter 7
illustrates the waste classification guide for the Emirates of Dubai.

6
2.0 OBJECTIVES
The intended and prospective users of this guideline are expected to:
a) classify domestic/municipal solid waste (MSW) in accordance with the

international classification system;
b) serve as guide for all those involved in the management and treatment
of waste for disposal, as well as waste generators and waste traders in
classifying their wastes;
c) serve as guide for tracking dangerous/hazardous goods as well as their

storage and transport;
d) assist future researchers who want to pursue further studies on waste

management.
3.0 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
This technical guideline only cover’s municipal solid waste otherwise known
as the domestic waste which includes household hazardous waste. It does not
cover hazardous wastes, such as, medical wastes, radioactive wastes and all
other hazardous wastes from other sources.
4.0 CURRENT WASTE CLASSIFICATION AND COMPOSITION
Dubai Municipality’s solid waste generation are classified into seven (7) types
or categories as shown on Figure 1 below, while the detailed waste
descriptions are presented in Table 1.The first column list the waste
categories, the second column list the sources of wastes while the third column
shows the specific waste components and some examples. Domestic waste
have ten (10) components which are the existing waste compositions of the
MSW in the Emirate (see Figure 1: and Table 1: below for the details).
At present, there is no waste characterization done for the hazardous and

medical wastes which shall determine its waste compositions. Classifying
these wastes needs a waste characterization study and waste material testing

7
which is beyond the scope of this guideline. Details of the waste classification
system used in these guidelines are discussed in Chapter 6. A flowchart
showing the existing waste types and components is also shown in Figure 3,
p.15 Solid waste classification flow.
Figure 1: Existing solid waste classification
SOLID WASTE
Domestic Horticultural Hazardous Medical Sewage Tyres

C&D Waste Waste Sludge
Waste Waste
(Source: WMD, DM cited in Mott MacDonald 2012)

8
Table 1: Existing waste type, waste source, waste component and some examples
Residential
x Households (single and multi- x Organics
family units) x Paper & cardboard
x Apartments x Metal
x Villas/Colonies x Plastic
Domestic Waste Commercial x Glass
x Retail and wholesale x Wood
x Shopping malls x Textile
x Hotels x Sand & stones
x All other business x Others
establishments x Uncounted
Institutional
x Government offices
x Schools, universities
x Mosques, other churches
Construction & Construction sites, road Wood/timber, carpets, textiles,
Demolition Waste repair/renovation sites, broken rubber, glass, plastics, metals,
pavement, demolition ceramics, soil, stones, boulders,
companies concrete, bricks asphalt paving
& roofing, gypsum board
Horticultural Waste Landscaping & maintenance of Leaves, grasses,
public & private cultivated areas twigs/branches, flowers, tree
such as parks, plazas, gardens, trimmings
beaches & recreational areas
Hazardous Waste Healthcare facilities such as: Sludge from on-site effluent
Hospitals, laboratories, clinics, treatment; chemicals
industries, i.e., wastes related to containing acids, paints,
manufacturing and industrial varnishes, adhesive and
processes and from construction sealants, solvents, lead
and demolition activities. batteries, photographic films
and papers, oil wastes,
flammable liquids; toxic,
infectious and corrosive
substances; packaging
materials, animal tissue waste,
fluorescent tubes and other
mercury containing waste
Medical Waste Hospitals, clinics, physician’s Infectious fluids, bloods & body
offices, dental offices, blood parts, sharps, expired
banks, veterinary, research medicines
facilities and laboratories,
pharmaceuticals

9
Sewage Sludge Sewage Treatment Plants from Sewage solids/sludge from
malls, apartment blocks treatment of domestic waste or
(Primary and activated sludge) sewage, e.g., biosolids, sludge,
mainly composed of residual grits, screening and septage.
sludge
Tyres Scrap tire generators, include: Include all types of tires from:
tire & car dealers, car repair passenger, trucks, automobiles,
shops, car dismantlers, car & motorcycles, heavy equipment,
truck fleet operators, industrial bicycles
tire users
5.0 SOURCES AND TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
Table 2 below shows the waste types or categories in the Emirates. Sources of
domestic wastes were mainly coming from the residential, commercial,
institutional and light-industrial areas or combinations of two or more
sources, such as, the residential-commercial areas and the commercial-
industrial areas. C&D were practically generated from all over the area where
construction, repair, renovation and demolition activities are done, while
horticultural waste were mainly coming from the open spaces such as parks,
plazas and gardens usually from the residential areas which also include street
cleaning wastes. Details of the sources of wastes are discussed in the preceding
sections below.
Table 2 Dubai Emirate’s waste arising by type and proportion disposed to landfill or
recycled.
Waste Type Tons of waste arising per annum Ave. Ave.

2009 2010 20111 proportio proportio
n disposed n recycled
to landfill
Domestic 4,026,580 3,690,283 2,869,034 92% 8%
Horticultural 196,364 204,906 176,592 0% 100%
C&D 18,312,016 10,316,881 7,259,723 98.7% 1.3%
Medical 1,589 1,571 1,632 100% 0%
Hazardous 248,041 126,229 154,136 100% 0%
Tyres 2 39,000 39,000 39,000 86% 14%
Sewage 2 1,400,000 1,400,000 1,400,000 100% 0%
Note:
1Denotes projected figures
2Denotes that the volumes are estimated

10
Source: Waste Management Department, Dubai Municipality cited in Mott McDonald 2012 Strategic
Integrated Plan for Solid Waste Master Plan, Dubai, UAE.
5.1 Domestic waste
Domestic waste refers to wastes generated from households in the

residential, commercial, institutional and parts of the industrial areas
which virtually encompasses all types of solid and non-hazardous
wastes. Domestic waste contains more than just waste from households
as identified by the Waste Management Master Plan which observed
that the majority of waste collected incorporate both households and
commercial properties and therefore commercial and industrial (C&I)
waste is not collected and recorded separately. It has therefore been
assumed that this category incorporates both C&I wastes and MSW.
Normally, domestic waste/MSW is assumed to include all community

wastes with the exception of industrial process wastes and agricultural
waste. However, wastes collected in these areas are stored into the
same waste bins therefore, wastes generated are mixed wastes. If
wastes components are not separated when discarded, then the
mixture of these wastes is called as co-mingled residential and
commercial MSW (Tschobanoglous, G. et al, 1993). There is also a
possibility, that in some instances, it will be a co-mingled wastes for
residential, commercial, institutions and industrial wastes.
In addition, examples of waste not included in MSW are the following:

abatement debris, construction and demolition debris, bio solids
(sewage sludge), industrial process waste, agricultural waste,
automobile bodies, combustion ash, oil and gas waste and mining
waste.
5.2 Construction and Demolition Waste
Construction and demolition waste are wastes derived from the

construction, remodeling, and repairing of individual residences,
commercial buildings and other structures are classified as
construction wastes. The quantities [waste materials] produced are
difficult to estimate. The composition is variable but may include dirt,
stones, concrete, bricks, plaster; lumber, shingles and plumbing,
heating and electrical parts. In addition, wastes from razed buildings,
broken-out streets, sidewalks, bridges, and other structures are also
classified as demolition wastes (Tschobanoglous, G. 1993:44).
In the case of Dubai, construction and demolition waste are those which
arise from the clearing of old buildings and ground coverings and the

11
construction of new buildings, as well as refurbishment. Most of these
wastes are sent to the landfill.
On the other hand, C&D waste is not a monolithic waste stream, but it
is a family of waste streams. Therefore, it is important to define the
types of materials, which could be available in C&D waste. The most
common materials could be paper/cardboard, garden/vegetation,
wood/timber, carpets, other textiles, rubber, glass, plastics, metals,
hazardous wastes, ceramics, soil/rubble <150mm, cobbles/boulders,
clean soil, concrete, plaster board, bricks, asphalt/bitumen, cement
sheet, insulation and others.
5.3 Horticultural Waste
Horticultural waste refers to organic waste generated from landscaping

and maintenance of the public and private cultivated areas. It also
cover’s wastes generated by agricultural/horticultural activities such
as flower growing and nurseries and maintenance of landscape areas
such as public open spaces (including parkland and grass areas),
roadsides and roundabouts. It also includes waste from street cleaning
activities.
This type of waste is recycled through composting. There is an existing

contract in place with Tadweer to do the composting activity.
Traditionally, this type of waste has been predominantly land filled and
has been primarily increasing year after year (WMMP 2013).
5.4 Hazardous Waste
In general, hazardous wastes refer to wastes or combinations of wastes

that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or
living organisms have been defined as hazardous waste. However, this
guideline will only cover household hazardous waste found in
municipal solid waste.
In the case of Dubai, majority of hazardous waste generation is related

to manufacturing and industrial processes. As Dubai does not have a
significant manufacturing industry, there is not a substantial quantity
of hazardous waste produced [between 2005 and 2007]. Hazardous
waste production was relatively steady in 2007, 2008 and 2009 at
around 250,000 tpa. It further went down substantially to around
130,000 tpa in 2010. This reduction was primarily due to the diversion
of the shot blasting grit from the dry docks from the landfill to being
used in cement kiln at the National Cement Company in Dubai (WMMP
2013).

12
Properties of waste materials that have been used to assess whether a
waste is hazardous are related to questions of safety and health related
properties, such as: corrosivity, explosivity, flammability and reactivity
for safety related issues and carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, toxicity
(poison), radioactivity, irritant for health related aspects. However,
when dealing with the hazardous waste materials found in MSW, the
most commonly used parameters are: ignitability, corrosivity,
reactivity and carcinogenicity (Tschobanoglous, G. et al, 1993:99-102).
5.5 Medical Waste
Medical waste refers to all waste materials generated at healthcare

facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, physician's rooms/offices, dental
clinics, blood banks and veterinary clinics, as well as, medical research
facilities and laboratories. Wastes generated from these facilities are
considered infectious. Normally, it contains human tissues, body parts
and fluids, expired medicines, spent chemicals, including sharps and
several other infectious wastes.
All medical wastes are brought to the Clinical Waste Incinerator at

JAHWTF. This facility was installed in 2009 with a total capacity of 19.2
tonnes per day. Currently, it is only operating at 6 tons per day or about
30% of its capacity. Operation is intermittent (not continuous) since its
operation depend on the volume of waste generated from these medical
waste facilities. In 2011, the estimated medical waste generated was
approximately 1,632 tons and producing around 400 tons of bottom
ash which are disposed to the single-lined landfill in Jebel Ali (Mott
McDonald, 2012).
5.6 Sewage Sludge
Dubai Municipality currently has two large sewage treatment plants

(STP) located at Jebel Ali and Al Aweer. These STP’s received the
sewage from collection sewers and septic tanks delivered by tanker. In
addition, there are also several smaller package treatment plants which
treat sewage from the malls, apartment blocks and some of the newer
residential developments. Sewage sludge from these smaller treatment
plants are all disposed at the Jebel Ali landfill. At Al Aweer, the
treatment process comprises the primary and biological filtration
which means that the plant will generate a relatively small amount of
sludge per capita compared to the Jebel Ali treatment plant which
comprises the primary and activated sludge with a total estimated
sludge generation of approximately 1.4 million tpa. The main route for
sludge disposal is to the landfill (Mott McDonald, 2012).

13
5.7 Waste Tyres
Waste tyres generations were coming from all type of vehicles in the
Emirates and it comes from a variety of sources and sizes ranging from
cars and/or automobiles, buses. trucks, tractors and heavy equipment.
Sources were mainly coming from the residences (individual car
owners), commercial tire dealers, government offices, private
companies and other sources.
Currently, there is an estimated stock file of approximately 39,000

tonnes (more than 3 million tyres) at Al Quzais storage area which
require disposal. A tyre recycling facility is being contracted under the
Build, Own, Operate (BOO) contract between the Emirates Recycling
Group and DM. Under this scheme, the company is required to recycle
a minimum of 3,000 tonnes per month. This recycling rate is projected
to reduce the stock file (including the incoming tyres) over a 10 year
period (Mott McDonald, 2012).

14
6.0 WASTE CLASSIFICATION FLOW AND COMPOSITON
Solid waste classification system in Dubai is classified into two categories,

namely: 1) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), and 2) Non-Municipal Solid Waste
(NMSW). MSW is composed of horticultural and domestic wastes, while the
NMSW is composed of the construction and demolition waste, industrial
waste, medical waste and hazardous waste. Waste sources for the domestic
waste were primarily generated from the residential, commercial and
institutional sources while the horticultural waste is primarily generated from
the parks and open spaces as well as the street litters. The domestic and
horticultural wastes are further classified into four major waste groups,
namely: 1) Compostable/biodegradable, 2) Recyclable, 3) Residual and 4)
Special waste. Moreover, of the four categories, the special waste was further
classified into five sub-categories, namely: 1) Household hazardous waste, 2)
White goods, 3) Bulky items, 4) Electrical and electronic equipment and 5)
Tyres (see Figure 3 below):
Figure 2: Solid Waste Classification Flow
Solid Waste
Municipal Solid Non-Municipal Solid
Horticultural Domestic C&D Industria Medical Hazardous

Waste Waste Waste l Waste Waste Waste
Waste Source:
Residential
Commercial
Institutional
Compostab
Recyclable
Major waste
group /
category
Residual
White Goods
Waste
Bulky Waste
Special
Electrical &
Electronic

Tyres
OPEN DATA / ‫ﺔ‬
Household 15
Hazardous
7.0 BASES FOR CLASSIFYING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
The main reference materials used in classifying municipal solid waste are the
List of Wastes (LoW) of the European Waste Catalogue (EWC) and 2) the
Expanded and Standard List of Material Types published by the California
Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB).
The EWC is composed of a very large database of the list of waste materials
comprising more than 800 entries. It is composed of 20 Chapters-the so called
“Chapter List” with two-digit number code, i.e., from Chapter 01 to Chapter
20. Each chapter has a chapter description describing the waste material types.
In the same manner, each chapter also consists of sub-categories, comprising
the detailed list of wastes with the final waste code designated by a 6-digit
number (Table 4, p16).
The EWC system, follows an “order of precedence” designated by numbers 1

to 3. Order of precedence number 1 covers sixteen (16) chapters, i.e., Chapters
1 to 12 and continued in Chapters 17 to 20. This means that in finding the
appropriate match of the type of waste to be classified, it has to start from
Chapter 01 through Chapter 12 and continued to Chapters 17 through 20, until
a match is found. If no match is found then the next step would be to proceed
to order of precedence No. 2, i.e. Chapters 13 to 15. If again, no match is found
then the final step would be to proceed to order of precedence No. 3 that is in
Chapter 16 which is defined as “wastes not otherwise classified.” In summary,
MSW waste classification category is mainly found in Chapter 20, i.e., the
“municipal wastes…,” however, MSW can also be found in other Chapter Lists,
such as in Chapter 02 and in some other chapters (see Table below).
Table 3: Chapter of the list of waste code

Chapter Chapter Description Order
of
Preced
ence
01 Wastes resulting from exploration, mining, quarrying, 1
physical and chemical treatment of minerals
02 Wastes from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, 1
hunting and fishing, food preparation and processing
03 Wastes from wood processing and the production of panels 1
and furniture, pulp, paper & cardboard
04 Wastes from the leather, fur and textile industries 1
05 Wastes from petroleum refining, natural gas purification and 1
pyrolytic treatment of coal
06 Wastes from inorganic chemical processes 1

16
07 Wastes from organic chemical processes 1
08 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation, supply and use 1
(MFSU) of coatings (paints, varnishes and vitreous enamels),
sealants and printing inks
09 Wastes from photographic industry 1
10 Wastes from thermal processes 1
11 Wastes from chemical surface treatment and coating of 1
metals and other materials; non-ferrous hydro-metallurgy
12 Wastes from shaping and physical and mechanical surface 1
treatment of metals & plastics
13 Oil wastes and wastes of liquid fuels (except edible oils, 05 2
and 12)
14 Waste organic solvents, refrigerants and propellants (except 2
07 and 08)
15 Waste packaging; absorbents, wiping cloths, filter materials 2
and protective clothing not otherwise specified
16 Wastes not otherwise specified in the list 3
17 Construction and demolition wastes (including excavated 1
soil from contaminated sites)
18 Wastes from human or animal health care and/or related 1
research (except kitchen and restaurant wastes not arising
from immediate health care)
19 Wastes from waste management facilities, off-site waste 1
water treatment plants and the preparation of water
intended for human consumption and water for industrial
use
20 Municipal wastes (household waste and similar commercial, 1
industrial and institutional wastes) including separately
collected fractions

17
Explanatory notes for finding appropriate code for a waste
9 Look at chapters 1-12 to see if your business sector is described there. If it is, look for the right sub-chapter(s) and the
correct codes within it. Even if your business is aptly described, the best descriptions for some waste you produce may
be found elsewhere in the list. Note that chapter 06–08 includes many wastes from the supply and use of chemicals
and coatings in addition to wastes from their production. Even though your business sector may be described in these
chapters, you should not expect to find every waste that they produce listed in their relevant sub chapter of chapters 01
– 12. General wastes and materials not specifically associated with a single process appear elsewhere in the catalogue.
9 Chapter 17 lists construction and demolition wastes and is applicable to all business sectors.
9 Chapters 18 and 19 cover wastes produced from healthcare, waste management and water treatment activities.
9 Chapter 20 lists municipal wastes but some of the codes can also be used by any business sector if a similar material
does not appear in their own specific sub-chapter of chapters 01–12 or within chapters 13-15.
9 Chapter 13 lists oil and fuel waste. For non-municipal arisings of waste oil, this chapter should be referred to before
using LoW code 201026*. Chapter 14 lists solvents, refrigerants and propellants. However, chapter 07 should be
reviewed first for solvents arising from chemical production, formulation, supply or use. Chapter 08 should be referred
to for solvents arising in paints and adhesives. Chapter 14 is the preferred chapter for all other, non-municipal, arisings
of solvents.
9 Chapter 15 lists packaging, filters, absorbents and protective clothing. All packaging should be recorded under chapter
15, irrespective of the sector from which it arose. Chapter 15 also includes codes for absorbents, contaminated wiping
cloths and protective clothing. These wastes could arise from any business sector.
9 Chapter 16 lists a number of miscellaneous wastes, including sub-chapters for end-of-life vehicles, waste electrical
equipment, batteries, transport tank washings, explosives, catalysts, oxidants, lab chemicals and gases, refractories
and unused or off specification chemicals
(Environment Agency 2006)
Source: EPA 2002 European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List,
Ireland (htth://www.epa.ie, Available).
Note: Full copy of the LoW of the EWC is provided as a separate attachment due to its
numerous numbers of pages containing more than 20 pages.
In addition, since the LoW material entries from the EWC is so huge consisting
of more than 800 entries, a shorter list of wastes was extracted from the EWC
intended solely for the classification of MSW. This lists, is composed of four (4)
sections, namely: 1) List of wastes for recycling, 2) Other materials, 3) Waste
collected other than recycling, and 4) Other waste. Its major section is also
composed of sub-sections containing the specific list of wastes with its
corresponding 6-digit number code. This separate guide is handy and
convenient to use instead of browsing the whole catalogue which contains
hundreds of entries. See Annex A–Codes for Municipal Waste, p. 19.
On the other hand, the second reference used in classifying MSW was the waste
classification guide published by the California Integrated Waste Management
Board. This guide has a total of 85 lists of material type entries. It is divided
into 10 categories, namely: 1) Paper comprising eleven material lists, 2) Glass
with 6 material lists, 3) Metal with seven material lists, 4) Electronics with five
material lists, 5) Plastics with 17 lists, 6) Other organic with eight entries, 7)
Inert and other with fifteen entries, 8) Household hazardous waste with nine

18
entries, 9) Special waste with six material list entries, and 10) Mixed residue.
A detailed list of the expanded and standard list of material types is found in
Annex B, p. 21.
Procedures for classifying waste using the EWC and the Expanded and
Standard List of Material Types are discussed in the succeeding Chapter below.
8.0 WASTE CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE
Discussed below are the procedures for classifying municipal solid waste.
Step 1:
Perform ocular/physical inspection on the properties or characteristics of the

waste materials in question.
Step 2:
Using the MSW Waste Classification Guide, look from the Category column of
the Guide and find the appropriate waste category that correspond to the
waste being classified, whether it is compostable, recyclable, residual or
special waste.
Each category is assigned a two-digit number code: 01 for Compostable, 02 for

Recyclable, 03 for Residual and 04 for Special Waste. This code also represents
the first two-digit waste code that appears in the final waste code column
(Table 4, p. 16).
Step 3:
On the Sub-Category column, find the specific type of waste material that
corresponds to the waste material in question. For instance, under the
compostable category is organic. Organic waste generally refers to non-
hazardous and readily-compostable waste materials. It is classified into 9 sub-
categories, such as: Food waste, green waste, etc., which is also designated by
a two-digit code.
Step 4:
Under the ‘Waste Material Type’ select the most appropriate type of waste
from among the list of wastes or material types that exactly correspond to the
waste being classified for. This section is also designated by a two-digit code
including the wild code 99 which is defined as ‘other materials not otherwise
specified.’ Code 99 is used when waste material in question does not exist in
the list or if no match is found among the list.

19
Step 5:
The final step would be to write the type of waste that has just been classified
and the corresponding six-digit waste code listed under the “Final Waste
Code.” Use only the six-digit waste code under the Final Waste Code column
to describe the waste that is being classified.
In summary, other waste materials or types that have yet to be classified must
undergo same procedures mentioned above.
Notes:
1. The asterisk (*) symbol located at the upper right side of the final waste code means that waste material is
perceived to be hazardous waste.
2. This guide is only applicable to the municipal solid waste (MSW) and does not include the construction and
demolition waste, hazardous waste, medical waste and hazardous waste except household hazardous waste.
Table 4.Municipal Solid Waste Classification Code
Category Sub-Category Waste Material Type Final Waste

Code
I. Compostable Code Organic Code
Category 01 01 Food 01 Food waste 01 01 01
waste
02 Fruits and 01 01 02
vegetables
02 Green 01 Leaves, grasses, 01 02 01
waste flowers
02 Pruning and 01 02 02
trimmings
03 Branches and 01 02 03
stumps
04 Street cleaning 01 02 04
residues
03 Market 01 Market waste 01 03 01
Waste
04 Manure 01 Animal excreta 01 04 01
05 Carcasses 01 Animal carcasses, 01 05 01
birds, fish and other
marine mammals
06 Paper 01 Soiled papers, 01 06 01
tissues, etc.

20
02 Mixed papers & 01 06 02
cardboards
07 Leather 01 Unusable leather 01 07 01
08 Textile 01 Unusable textile, 01 08 01
carpets, etc.
09 Other 99 Other compostable 01 09 99
materials not
otherwise specified
II. Recyclable
Category 02 01 Paper 01 Newspapers 02 01 01
02 Magazines, books, 02 01 02
catalogues &
directories
03 Cardboard / cartons 02 01 03
/ boxes
04 Office papers 02 01 04
05 Paper bags 02 01 05
06 Remainder / 02 01 06
composite paper
02 Plastic 01 PETE bottles (#1) 02 02 01
02 HDPE (#2) 02 02 02
03 Other plastic 02 02 03
including durable
plastics (e.g., buckets,
etc.)
03 Metal 01 Steel, copper, 02 03 01
aluminum, brass,
bronze
02 Tin / Steel can 02 03 02
03 Aluminum can 02 03 03
04 Other scrap metals 02 03 04
04 Glass 01 Clear glass 02 04 01
02 Color glass 02 04 02
03 Flat glass 02 04 03
05 Rubber 01 Reusable rubber 02 05 01
06 Leather 01 Reusable leather 02 06 01
07 Textile 01 Reusable textile 02 07 01
08 Wood 01 Reusable lumber / 02 08 01
wood
02 Good pallets and 02 08 02
crates
09 Other 99 Other recyclable 02 09 99
materials not
otherwise specified
III. Residual

21
Category 03 01 Construction 01 Sand, stones and 03 01 01
& fines
Demolition
Materials
02 Bricks, concrete, 03 01 02
ceramics, marble
tiles, asphalt, etc.
03 Gypsum 03 01 03
board/powder
02 Glass 01 Broken glass, flat 03 02 01
glass and other non-
recyclable glasses
03 Metal 01 Mixed scrap metals 03 03 01
02 Aluminum foil 03 03 02
04 Plastic 01 Mixed plastic 03 04 01
residues
05 Wood 01 Unusable lumber / 03 05 01
wood
02 Unusable pallets and 03 05 02
crates
06 Diaper 01 Diaper 03 06 01
07 Styrofor 01 Foam / Styrofor 03 07 01
08 Mixed 01 Unusable textiles, 03 08 01
Residues paper, carton,
plastics, rubber, etc.
09 Other 99 Other residual not 03 09 99
otherwise specified
including
mixed/co-mingled
waste
IV. Special Waste
Category 04 01 Household 01 Batteries (wet and 04 01 01
Hazardous dry cell)
Waste
02 Fluorescent tubes, 04 01 02
bulbs & other
mercury containing
items
03 Chemical containers, 04 01 03
canisters, aerosols
(e.g. spray paints),
disposable lighters
04 Used oil from vehicle 04 01 04
and equipment fluids
05 Spent chemical, 04 01 05
drugs, adhesives

22
06 Sharps (e.g., 04 01 06
syringes/needles,
scalpel, broken glass,
etc.)
07 Used cooking oil 04 01 07
08 Used paints, thinners, 04 01 08
solvents
02 Electronic 01 Consumer's 04 02 01
Waste electronics and
electrical equipment
03 Sewage 01 Bio-solids, sewage 04 03 01
Sludge sludge, septic tank
waste
04 Bulky Waste 01 Furniture 04 04 01
02 Twigs & branches of 04 04 02
trees
05 White Goods 01 Appliances 04 05 01
02 Refrigerator, freezer, 04 05 02
coolers, air-
conditioners
03 Washing machines, 04 05 03
dryers, bath tubs
06 Tyres 01 Used tyres (end-of- 04 06 01
life tyres)
07 Ash 01 Ash 04 07 01
08 Other 99 Other special waste 04 08 99
not otherwise
specified

23
REFERENCES
1. CIWMB 2009 “California 2008 Statewide Waste Characterization Study”,

California Integrated+ Waste Management Board (CIWMB), Public Affairs
Office, California, USA. Available: www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/.
2. DECCW 2009 “Waste Classification Guidelines Part 1: Classifying Waste,”

DECCW NSW, Sydney, Australia. Available: www.environment.nsw.gov.au.
3. DENR-EMB 1998 DENR Administrative Order No. 49 Series of 1998

“Technical Guidelines for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal,” Manila, Philippines.
Available: www.denr.gov.ph
4. Environment Agency 2006 “Using the List of Wastes to code waste for Waste
Transfer, PPC Permits and Waste Management Licenses in England and
Wales,” Living Guidance from the Environment Agency, Version 1
(http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/)
5. EPA Ireland 2001 Construction and Demolition Waste: Fact Sheet Series 2001.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland
6. EPA 2002 “European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List,”

Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland. Available: http://www.epa.ie.
7. European Council 2002 European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List
valid from 1 January 2002Environmental Protection Agency, Johnstown
Castle Estate, County Wexford, Ireland. Available: http://www.epa.ie.
8. Mott McDonald 2012 Strategic Integrated Plan for Solid Waste-Master Plan,
Waste Management Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, UAE.
9. NOLAN-ITU PTY Ltd 1998 Construction and Demolition Waste: Landfill Traffic
and Compositional Surveys. Eco Recycle Victoria, Australia. Available:
http://www.recyclecddebris.com .
10. Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) 1995 “Making Waste

Work-A strategy for Sustainable Waste Management in England and Wales,”
Department of the Environment and Welsh Office Publication, Scotland.
11. SEPA, NIEA, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru/Natural Resources Wales and

Environment Agency 2013 “Technical Guidance WM2-Hazardous waste-
Interpretation of the definition and classification of hazardous waste,” 3rd Ed.

24
Available: www.naturalresourceswales.gov.uk, www.sepa.org.uk, www.ni-
environment.gov.uk, www.environment-agency.gov.uk.
12. UNEP 2009 Training Manual: “Developing Integrated Solid Waste

Management Plan, Vol. 1: Waste Characterization and Quantification with
Projections for Future,” Division of Technology, Industry and Economics
International Environmental Technology Centre, Osaka/Shiga, Japan.
Available: www.unep.org.
13. UNEP 2009 “Developing Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, Training
Manual Volume 4 ISWM Plan”, Division of Technology, Industry and
Economics International Environmental Technology CentreOsaka/Shiga,
Japan. Available: www.unep.org.
14. Urban Development Sector Unit, East Asia and Pacific Region 1999 “What a
Waste: Solid Waste Management in Asia”, The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.
Available: www.wb.org.
15. VEOLIA Environmental Services (UK) Plc 2009 Codes for Waste – England
and Wales, The List of Wastes, Veolia House, 154A Pentonville Road, London.

25
Appendix 1 Waste Codes for Municipal Waste extracted from the EWC
Waste for recycling – EWC Notes
description Code
Green glass bottles and jars 15 01 07
Brown glass bottles and jars 15 01 07
Clear glass bottles and jars 15 01 07
Mixed glass bottles and jars 15 01 07
Flat glass 20 01 02
Paper 20 01 01 Newspaper, office paper, not
packaging
Cardboard 15 01 01 Corrugated boxes and other
packaging
Books 20 01 01
Mixed paper and card 20 01 01
Steel cans 15 01 04
Aluminum cans 15 01 04
Mixed cans 15 01 04
Other Scrap metal 20 01 40 Excludes abandoned vehicles - not
MSW
Aluminum foil 20 01 40
Fridges and Freezers 20 01 Correct code depends on whether
23* or not they contain
20 01 36 chlorofluorocarbons
Other White Goods 20 01 Correct code depends on whether
35* or not they contain dangerous
20 01 substances
36*
Other electrical goods – TVs, 20 01 Correct code depends on whether
Videos, CD Players, Toasters, 35* or not they contain dangerous
Hair Dryers, Mobile phones, 20 01 36 substances
etc.
Plastic 20 01 39
Clothes & footwear 20 01 10
Other textiles 20 01 11
Oil 20 01 25 Correct code depends on whether
20 01 or not they contain dangerous
26* substances. For edible oils use 20
01 25

26
Green waste only 20 02 01
Other compostable waste 20 02 01
20 01 08
Wood 20 01
37*
20 01 38
Furniture 20 01 38
Rubble 17 01 07 Excluded from MSW list for clarity,
20 02 03 as large volumes are not MSW
Co-mingled materials 20 03 01
Fluorescent tubes 20 01 If WCA collect them or delivered to
21* WDA
Automotive batteries 20 01
33*
Post consumer, non- 20 01 34
automotive batteries
Paint 20 01 28
Other materials EWC Notes
Code
Construction & demolition 17 01 17 This code should be used for
waste mixtures of bricks and concrete etc.
Street cleaning 20 03 03
Bulky waste 20 03 07
Waste collected, other than EWC Notes
recycling Code
Regular household collection 20 03 01
waste
Mixed Civic Amenity site 20 03 01
waste
Separately collected 18 01 04
healthcare waste
Abandoned Vehicles 16 01 Use first code if vehicles still
04* contains polluting liquids
16 01 06
Beach cleansing 20 03 99 Exclude all fly-tipped waste except
20 03 01
Construction & demolition 17 09 04 From refurbishment of LA
waste properties only
Waste Arising from clearance 17 01 07 C & D type
of fly-tipped materials 17 09 04
20 03 01 Waste from households and similar
only
Other waste EWC Notes
Code
Asbestos cement 17 06 05
Tyres 16 01 03 End-of-life tyres
Animal Excreta 18 01 04

27
Market waste 20 03 02
Septic tank waste 20 03 04 This is an effluent
Source: Environment Agency 2006 “Using the List of Wastes to Code Waste-
Living Guidance from the Environment
Agency”, p.72.
Note: Waste code with asterisk (*) means waste is hazardous.

28
Appendix 2. The California Expanded and Standard List of Material Types
No. Material List No. Material List No. Material List
I Paper V Plastic VII Inert and Other (Cont’n)
1 Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard 30 PETE Water Bottles 60 Built-up Roofing
2 Paper Bags 31 PETE Sealed Containers 61 Other Asphalt Roofing
Material
3 Newspaper 32 Other PETE Containers 62 Clean Dimension Lumber
4 White Ledger Paper 33 HDPE Containers 63 Clean Engineered Wood
5 Other Office Paper 34 PLA Water Bottles 64 Clean Pallets and Crates
6 Magazine and Catalogues 35 #3-#7 Sealed Containers 65 Other Wood Waste
7 Phone Books and Directories 36 #3-#7 Other Containers 66 Clean Gypsum Board
8 Other Miscellaneous Paper-Non-food 37 Plastic Trash Bags 67 Painted/Demolition
Packaging Gypsum Board
9 All Other Miscellaneous Paper 38 Plastic Grocery and Other 68 Rock, Soil and Fines
Merchandise Bags
10 Remainder/Composite Paper-Non- 39 Non-Bag Commercial and 69 Remainder/Composite
food Packaging Industrial Packaging Film Inerts and Other
11 All Other Remainder/Composite 40 Film Products VIII Household Hazardous
Paper Waste
II Glass 41 Food Contact Film Packaging 70 Paint
12 Clear Glass Bottles and Containers 42 Other Film 71 Vehicle & Equipment
Fluids
13 Green Glass Bottles and Containers 43 HDPE Buckets 72 Used Oil
14 Brown Glass Bottles and Containers 44 #3 #7 Buckets 73 Lead-acid (automotive)
Batteries
15 Other Colored Glass Bottles and 45 Durable Plastic Items 74 Other Batteries
Containers
16 Flat Glass 46 Remainder/Composite Plastic 75 Sharps

29
17 Remainder/Composite Glass VI Other Organic 76 Pharmaceuticals
III Metal 47 Food 77 Fluorescent Lights/Other
Mercury-containing
Items
18 Tin/Steel Cans 48 Leaves and Grass 78 Remainder/Composite
Household Hazardous
19 Major Appliances 49 Pruning’s and Trimmings IX Special Waste
20 Used Oil Filters 50 Branches and Stumps 79 Ash
21 Other Ferrous 51 Manures 80 Treated Medical Waste
22 Aluminum Cans 52 Textiles 81 Bulky Items
23 Other Non-Ferrous 53 Carpet 82 Vehicle and Truck Tires
24 Remainder/Composite Metal 54 Remainder/Composite Organic 83 Other Tires
IV Electronics VII Inert and Other 84 Remainder/Composite
Special Waste
25 Brown Goods 55 Concrete X Mixed Residue
26 Computer-related Electronics - Large 56 Asphalt Paving 85 Mixed Residue
27 Computer-related Electronics - Small 57 Asphalt Composition Shingles
28 Other Small Consumers Electronics 58 Roofing Tar Paper/Felt
29 Video Display Devices 59 Roofing Mastic
Source: CIWMB 2009 “Appendix B:“Expanded and Standard List of Material Types,” California 2008 Statewide Waste
Characterization Study, California, USA
For any clarification or inquiry please contact

Technical Support and Studies Section
Tel No.04-606-6248;
Fax no.04-222-5659
Email: sitalaguit@dm.gov.ae
OPEN DATA / ‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬ 30

Technical Guidelines No.5 Waste Classification

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technical Guidelines No.5 Waste Classification

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technical Guidelines No.5 Waste Classification

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Waste Management Department

OPEN DATA / ‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻔﺗوﺣﺔ‬

Reviewed By Head, Technical Support

Approved By Director, Waste