Cruise Industry Economic Impact

The Economic Contribution
of the International Cruise

Industry in the United States
in 2019
Published in 2020
The Contribution of the International Cruise
Industry to the U.S. Economy in 2019
Prepared for:
Cruise Lines International Association

November 2020
Business Research & Economic Advisors

201 Strykers Rd, Suite 19-132
Phillipsburg, NJ 08865
Cruise Lines International Association 2019 U.S. Economic Impact Analysis
Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 2

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRUISE INDUSTRY TO THE UNITED STATES
ECONOMY ......................................................................................................................... 2
TRENDS: 2010 – 2019 ....................................................................................................... 7
THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRUISE INDUSTRY TO INDIVIDUAL STATE
ECONOMIES ...................................................................................................................... 9
SECTION I: IMPACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRUISE INDUSTRY ON

THE U.S. ECONOMY IN 2019 ..................................................................................... 15
U.S. CRUISE PASSENGERS .............................................................................................. 15
SPENDING IN THE U.S. ECONOMY GENERATED BY THE CRUISE INDUSTRY .................... 19
Direct Economic Impacts in the United States During 2019 .................................... 22
Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts in the United States During 2019 ............ 31
Total Economic Impacts in the United States During 2019 ..................................... 35
SECTION II: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY TO THE

U.S. ECONOMY BY STATE IN 2019 .......................................................................... 38
SUMMARIES OF THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE TOP TEN STATES ............................... 40
Florida ...................................................................................................................... 42
California .................................................................................................................. 44
Texas ......................................................................................................................... 47
New York ................................................................................................................... 49
Alaska........................................................................................................................ 51
Washington ............................................................................................................... 53
Georgia ..................................................................................................................... 55
Illinois ....................................................................................................................... 56
New Jersey ................................................................................................................ 57
Louisiana .................................................................................................................. 59
Economic Impacts in the Remaining States .............................................................. 61
APPENDIX I – STATE IMPACT METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 63

APPENDIX II – INDIVIDUAL STATE TABLES .................................................................... 67
Business Research and Economic Advisors Page 1 November 2020

Executive Summary
The number of passengers sourced1 from the United States and those embarking from U.S.
ports each rose from 2018 to 2019. Passengers sourced from the U.S. and including Puerto
Rico, totaled 14.2 million, up 8.4 percent from 13.1 million in 2018. This was another record
for the U.S. (see Table ES-1).
Cruise passenger embarkations from U.S. ports increased by 8.8 percent, from 12.7 million
in 2018 to 13.8 in 2019. Once again, this was a new high for passenger embarkations from
U.S. ports.
The Contribution of the International Cruise Industry to the United

States Economy
Driven by the strong growth in passenger embarkations and U.S. sourced passengers, the
growth in direct spending by the cruise industry in the U.S. increased. The growth in direct
spending by the cruise lines and their passengers and crew in the U.S. rose by 4.9 percent to
$25.1 billion in 2019. This is 28 percent higher than it was in 2012. The $25.1 billion in direct
spend once again represented a new peak in cruise industry expenditures in the United States.
Overall, cruise lines direct expenditures experienced a 2.9 percent increase from 2018. The
$18.1 billion in expenditures by the cruise lines for goods and services, and capital
expenditures, accounted for 72 percent of the overall direct spending, down from 74 percent
2018. Cruise lines' direct expenditures for wages for U.S. employees and taxes paid to U.S.
federal, state and local tax jurisdictions increased by 14 percent to $1.9 billion, accounting for
7.6 percent of overall direct expenditures.
The $5.1 billion in passenger and crew spending for transportation, accommodations, food
and other retail goods accounted for the remaining 20 percent of direct cruise industry
spending. Passenger and crew spending increased by 9.4 percent, in part driven by the robust
growth in passenger embarkations from U.S. ports. Since 2012, total passenger and crew
spending has increased by 28 percent, which has helped drive the total economic impact up
about 31 percent from $42.3 billion in 2012 to $55.5 billion during this timeframe.
1 Passengers who reside in the U.S. and embark on a domestic or non-domestic cruise

Table ES-1 – Expenditures of the International Cruise Industry in the U.S., 2012 – 2019
Change from Previous Period

2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 2014 2016 2018 2019
Passengers Sourced from the U.S. 10.67 11.33 11.50 13.09 14.20 6.1% 1.5% 13.8% 8.4%
U.S. Embarkations 10.09 11.06 11.66 12.68 13.79 9.6% 5.4% 8.8% 8.8%
Industry Spending in U.S. ($ Billions) $18.29 $19.59 $20.20 $22.28 $23.23 7.1% 3.1% 10.3% 4.2%
Cruise Lines $14.63 $15.63 $16.02 $17.61 $18.12 6.9% 2.5% 10.0% 2.9%
Goods and Services $12.66 $13.65 $13.96 $15.34 $15.76 7.8% 2.2% 9.9% 2.7%
Capital Expenditures (incl. net interest) $ 1.97 $ 1.98 $ 2.06 $ 2.27 $ 2.36 0.7% 3.8% 10.2% 4.1%
Passengers and Crew $ 3.66 $ 3.96 $ 4.18 $ 4.67 $ 5.11 8.1% 5.8% 11.6% 9.4%
Wages & Taxes Paid by Cruise Lines $ 1.34 $ 1.43 $ 1.48 $ 1.67 $ 1.91 6.4% 3.9% 12.7% 14.2%
Direct U.S.-based Spending $19.63 $21.02 $21.69 $23.95 $25.14 7.1% 3.2% 10.4% 4.9%
Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors and Cruise Lines International Association
As indicated in Table ES-2, after increasing by nearly 13 percent in 2018, direct cruise
industry expenditures in the U.S. rose by nearly 5 percent from 2018 to 2019. The direct
cruise industry expenditures in the U.S. rose to a new peak of $25.1 billion.
Table ES-2 – Economic Contribution of the International Cruise Industry, 2012 – 2019
Percent Change from
Previous Period
2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 2014 2016 2018 2019
Direct Economic Impacts

Direct Cruise Industry Expenditures ($ B)* $19.63 $21.02 $21.69 $23.95 $25.14 7.1% 3.2% 15.9% 4.9%
Employment 146,785 152,272 158,226 172,326 178,104 3.7% 3.9% 12.6% 3.4%
Wages and Salaries ($ B $ 6.39 $ 7.02 $ 7.38 $ 8.32 $ 8.75 9.8% 5.2% 18.5% 5.1%
Total Economic Impacts
Total Output ($ B) $42.27 $46.09 $47.76 $52.67 $55.46 9.1% 3.6% 16.1% 5.3%
Employment 356,311 373,738 389,432 421,711 436,611 4.9% 4.2% 12.1% 3.5%
Wages and Salaries ($ B) $17.42 $19.43 $20.57 $23.15 $24.40 11.5% 5.9% 18.6% 5.4%
* Includes wages and salaries paid to U.S. employees of the cruise lines
Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors and Cruise Lines International Association
NOTE: The Sum of the categories in the Tables and Figures within this report may not add to the totals
due to rounding.
The $25.1 billion in direct cruise industry expenditures generated an estimated 178,100 direct
jobs throughout the U.S. economy paying $8.8 billion in wages and salaries during 2019, both
records for the cruise industry within the U.S. economy. Driven by the 4.9 percent increase
in direct expenditures, the employment impact rose by 3.4 percent while the income impact
rose by 5.1 percent.
As indicated in Table ES-3, the direct employment and wage income impacts were spread
among virtually all industries in the U.S. economy. The core cruise travel sector in the U.S. -
which consists of the cruise lines, airlines, travel agents, port service providers and local

businesses, such as hotels and restaurants that are directly impacted by passenger and crew
spending - accounted for 72 percent of the total direct employment and 63 percent of the
total direct wage income impacts – virtually unchanged from 2018. Led by direct employment
by the cruise lines and other impacts in the transportation sector, businesses in the core cruise
travel sector benefitted from almost 128,000 jobs paying $5.5 billion in wages and salaries.
The cruise lines also purchased a variety of goods and services, such as food and beverages,
fuel, insurance, financial and businesses services and entertainment among others, in support
of their cruise operations. These expenditures generated another 50,200 jobs paying $3.3
billion in wages and salaries during 2019.
Table ES-3 –Direct Economic Contribution of the International Cruise Industry in 2019
Direct Wage
Sector Spending Employment Income
$ Millions $ Millions
Core Cruise Travel Sector $ 12,635 127,865 $ 5,470

Passenger & Crew Spending $ 2,625 31,296 $ 819
Port Services & Cruise Lines $ 4,351 55,196 $ 2,651
Transportation Services $ 3,177 28,998 $ 1,350
Air Transportation $ 2,482 12,375 $ 650
Cruise Industry Suppliers $ 12,501 50,239 $ 3,276

Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 48 201 $ 7
Manufacturing $ 6,876 16,416 $ 1,189
Food & Beverages $ 1,056 2,261 $ 103
Apparel & Textiles $ 165 930 $ 44
Chemicals & Plastics $ 343 412 $ 42
Petroleum Refining $ 1,513 205 $ 27
Fabricated Metal Products $ 539 1,863 $ 125
Industrial Machinery $ 723 2,042 $ 148
Ship Maintenance & Repair $ 1,526 3,393 $ 273
Computers & Electronic Equipment $ 387 1,266 $ 153
Other Manufacturing $ 623 4,044 $ 275
Wholesale Trade $ 786 3,502 $ 261
Other Transportation Services $ 25 35 $ 4
Information Services $ 299 552 $ 53
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing $ 1,251 3,196 $ 293
Services & Government (ex. Lodging & Travel Services) $ 3,217 26,337 $ 1,468
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services $ 1,995 15,961 $ 759
Administrative & Waste Management Services $ 55 249 $ 17
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation $ 222 1,834 $ 100
Other Services & Government $ 944 8,293 $ 592
Total - 2019 $ 25,136 178,104 $ 8,746
Total - 2018 $ 23,955 172,326 $8,323
Percentage Change from 2018 4.9% 3.4% 5.1%
Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors.

The total economic impacts of the international cruise industry within the U.S. are the sum
of the direct, indirect and induced impacts. The direct impacts discussed above generate
additional, indirect and induced impacts, as the directly impacted businesses and their
employees purchase goods and services from other business-to-business and business-to-
consumer enterprises. As a result of these expenditures, the cruise industry generated $55.5
billion in total output throughout the U.S. economy. The production of these goods and
services generated 436,600 total jobs paying $24.4 billion in wages and salaries. The total
output impact rose by 5.3 percent from 2018 to 2019 while the employment and income
impacts rose by 3.5 percent and 5.4 percent, respectively (see Table ES-4).
On an industry basis, the services and government sector accounted for the largest proportion
of the total economic impacts with $19.4 billion in output generating 247,750 jobs paying
almost $12.0 billion in wages and salaries. The services and government sector accounted for
approximately 35 percent of the national output impacts, 56 percent of the total employment
impacts and 49 percent of the total income impacts.
Table ES-4 –Total Economic Contribution of the International Cruise Industry in 2019
Industry Wage
Sector Output Employment Income
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 5,045 7,207 $ 618

Manufacturing $ 13,201 40,802 $ 3,170
Food & Beverages $ 901 4,525 $ 228
Apparel & Textiles $ 1,270 2,923 $ 151
Paper and Printing $ 346 1,779 $ 116
Chemicals & Plastics $ 561 2,941 $ 275
Fabricated Metal Products $ 1,053 5,988 $ 432
Industrial Machinery $ 1,026 3,205 $ 242
Transportation Equipment $ 2,067 3,447 $ 434
Computers & Electronic Equipment $ 3,685 4,589 $ 574
Other Manufacturing $ 1,275 10,718 $ 657
Wholesale & Retail Trade $ 3,425 38,604 $ 2,131
Transportation $ 8,535 84,909 $ 4,295
Information Services $ 1,015 3,901 $ 406
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing $ 4,803 18,430 $ 1,816
Services & Government $ 19,436 242,756 $ 11,962
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services $ 5,842 39,757 $ 3,032
Administrative & Waste Management Services $ 4,686 65,523 $ 2,106
Accommodations & Food Services $ 2,644 51,275 $ 1,290
Performing Arts & Amusements $ 1,000 18,484 $ 483
Other Services & Government $ 5,264 67,718 $ 5,052
Total - 2019 $ 55,460 436,611 $ 24,399
Total - 2018 $ 52,672 421,711 $ 23,151

Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors.
The manufacturing sector, with $13.2 billion in output generated by cruise industry
expenditures, accounted for 24 percent of the total output impact. The 40,800 manufacturing
jobs accounted for 9.3 percent of the total employment, and the $3.2 billion in wages
comprise 13 percent of the total wage income impacts.
The transportation sector, which includes cruise lines and ports, benefited from $8.5 billion
in output, 84,900 jobs and $4.3 billion in wages and salaries. As in 2018, this sector once again
accounted for over 15 percent of the total economic impacts of the cruise industry in the U.S.
The following are the major conclusions of the analysis of the cruise industry economic
operations and impacts in the U.S. during 2019:
 An estimated 14.20 million cruise passengers were sourced from the U.S.
 A total of 13.79 million cruise passengers embarked on their cruises from U.S. ports
during 2019. Florida, whose ports handled nearly 8.3 million embarkations, accounted
for about 60 percent of all U.S. cruise embarkations.
 The cruise lines and their passengers and crew directly spent $25.1 billion on goods and
services in the U.S., a 4.9 percent increase from 2018. The cruise lines spent $20.0
billion while passengers and crew spent $5.1 billion.
 Within the U.S., spending by the cruise lines with their direct suppliers was up from
$11.7 billion in 2018 to $12.5 billion in 2019.
 The cruise industry generated the direct employment of an estimated 178,100 workers
with U.S. businesses, who, in return, received $8.7 billion in wages and salaries during
2019.
 Including the indirect and induced economic impacts, the spending of the cruise lines
and their crew and passengers was responsible for the generation of $55.5 billion in total
output in the U.S., a 5.3 percent increase from 2018.
 Including the indirect and induced economic impacts, the spending of the cruise lines
and their crew and passengers in 2019 was responsible for the generation of 436,600
total jobs throughout the country. This represents a 3.5 percent increase over 2018.
 Total wages and salaries paid to these workers was $24.4 billion, an increase of 5.4
percent over 2018.

Trends: 2010 – 2019

In 2019, 14.2 million cruise passengers were sourced from the U.S. As shown in Figure ES-
1, U.S.-sourced cruise passengers have been steadily increasing with an average annual growth
of 4.2 percent over the 2012-2019 timeframe. Each measure experienced a new high in U.S.-
sourced passengers throughout this timeframe.
Figure ES-1 – U.S. Cruise Passenger Statistics, 2010 – 2019
15.00 14.20
13.79
13.09
12.68
11.33 11.06 11.50 11.66

10.67
10.09
10.00
Millions
5.00
-
2012 2014 2016 2018 2019
Passengers Sourced from the U.S. U.S. Embarkations
Source: CLIA
Embarkations from U.S. ports also increased from 2012 to 2019 with an annual average of
4.6 percent, including an increase of 8.8 percent increase from 2018 to 2019.
Thus, an increasing number of passengers are sourced by the international cruise industry
from the U.S. for cruises around the globe. At the same time, an increasing number of
passengers from the U.S. and elsewhere are beginning their cruises from ports in the U.S.
As a result of these cruises, the cruise lines and their passengers and crew not only purchase
goods and services, such as food and beverages, hotel supplies and equipment to name a few,
from businesses around the world, but the U.S., in particular. In 2012, U.S. businesses
received an estimated $19.3 billion in direct cruise expenditures (see Table ES-5). By 2019,
these direct expenditures had increased by 28 percent to $25.1 billion. Thus, as the number
of passengers sourced from the U.S. and embarking on cruises from U.S. ports has increased,

so too has the industry’s expenditures with U.S. businesses. Since 2012, these direct
expenditures have increased at an average annual rate of 3.6 percent.
Table ES-5 – The Economic Impact of Cruise Industry Expenditures in the U.S. 2010 – 2019
Percent Change from
Previous Period
2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 2014 2016 2018 2019
Direct Economic Impacts

Direct Cruise Industry Expenditures ($ B) $19.63 $21.02 $21.69 $23.95 $25.14 7.1% 3.2% 15.9% 4.9%
Employment 146,785 152,272 158,226 172,326 178,104 3.7% 3.9% 12.6% 3.4%
Wages and Salaries ($ B $ 6.39 $ 7.02 $ 7.38 $ 8.32 $ 8.75 9.8% 5.2% 18.5% 5.1%
Total Economic Impacts
Total Output ($ B) $42.27 $46.09 $47.76 $52.67 $55.46 9.1% 3.6% 16.1% 5.3%
Employment 356,311 373,738 389,432 421,711 436,611 4.9% 4.2% 12.1% 3.5%
Wages and Salaries ($ B) $17.42 $19.43 $20.57 $23.15 $24.40 11.5% 5.9% 18.6% 5.4%
Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors
As the direct expenditures of the international cruise industry with U.S. businesses have
grown since 2012, so has the industry's economic impact on the U.S. economy. As discussed,
the total economic impacts are the sum of the direct, indirect and induced impacts that result
from the direct expenditures. Since 2012, the total economic impact of the cruise industry
has increased each year, growing from $42.3 billion in 2012 to $55.5 billion in 2019 (see Table
ES-5). Over this timeframe, the total output that has resulted from cruise-related spending
in the U.S. has increased by 31 percent, or at an average annual rate of 4.0 percent. 2
Also shown in Figure ES-2, the total employment impact of the international cruise industry
has followed a similar pattern, increasing from 356,300 jobs in 2012 to 436,600 jobs by 2019.
The total employment impact due to the cruise industry expenditures in the U.S. has increased
by 23 percent since 2012, or 2.9 percent per year.
2 These figures are not adjusted for inflation.

Figure ES-2 – Total Economic Impact of the International Cruise Industry, 2010 – 2019
$60.00 $55.46 440,000

$52.67
$47.76 436,611
$50.00 $46.09 420,000
$42.27 421,711.0
$40.00 $37.85 400,000
389,432
$30.00 380,000
373,738
$20.00 360,000
356,311
$10.00 340,000
329,943
$- 320,000
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2019
Total Output Total Jobs
Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors
The Contribution of the International Cruise Industry to Individual

State Economies
The economic impact of the international cruise industry spread into every state’s economy.
Cruise passengers came from virtually every state, and the cruise lines made purchases in
support of their operations in just about every state. The principal location factors that
influenced the economic impacts by state were:
 cruise lines’ headquarters and other facilities;

 ports-of-embarkation and ports-of-call;
 place of residence of cruise passengers; and
 place of business of cruise industry vendors.
As shown in Table ES-6 and Figure ES-3, nearly 13.8 million cruise passengers embarked
on their cruises from U.S. ports in 2019. The top 10 U.S. cruise ports accounted for 87
percent of 2019 embarkations, unchanged from 2018.
Florida remains the center of cruising in the U.S., accounting for over 60 percent of all U.S.
embarkations. Passenger embarkations from Florida increased by 10 percent from 2018 to
2019 to 8.3 million. Miami continues to lead the Florida ports with 3.4 million embarkations
in 2019. Port Canaveral continues as the second largest U.S. port with 2.2 million

embarkations. Since 2012, Florida ports have experienced a combined 36 percent increase
in passenger embarkations.
Table ES-6 – U.S. Embarkations by Top 10 Ports, 2012 – 2019
Growth
Port 2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 2014 2016 2018 2019
Miami 1,887,000 2,549,000 2,551,000 2,771,000 3,403,000 35.1% 0.1% 8.6% 22.8%
Port Canaveral 1,708,000 1,769,000 2,088,000 2,092,000 2,243,000 3.6% 18.0% 0.2% 7.2%
Port Everglades 1,797,000 1,940,000 1,840,000 1,851,000 1,931,000 8.0% 18.0% 0.2% 7.2%
Galveston 604,000 642,000 869,000 985,000 1,092,000 6.3% 35.4% 13.3% 10.9%
Long Beach 457,000 549,000 591,000 660,000 696,000 20.1% 7.7% 11.7% 5.5%
Tampa 487,000 451,000 405,000 598,000 514,000 -7.4% -10.2% 47.7% -14.0%
New York 586,000 576,000 499,000 557,000 550,000 -1.7% -13.4% 11.6% -1.3%
New Orleans 488,000 502,000 534,000 552,000 586,000 2.9% 6.4% 3.4% 6.2%
Seattle 464,000 408,000 484,000 549,000 596,000 -12.1% 18.6% 13.4% 8.6%
Cape Liberty 238,700 224,100 254,700 360,000 348,000 -6.1% 13.7% 41.3% -3.3%
All Other Ports 1,378,300 1,453,900 1,542,300 1,708,000 1,835,000 5.5% 6.1% 10.7% 7.4%
United States 10,095,000 11,064,000 11,658,000 12,683,000 13,794,000 9.6% 5.4% 8.8% 8.8%
Top 10 Ports 8,716,700 9,610,100 10,115,700 10,975,000 11,959,000 10.2% 5.3% 8.5% 9.0%
Share of the U.S. 86.3% 86.9% 86.8% 86.5% 86.7%
Florida Ports 6,074,000 6,891,000 7,079,000 7,512,000 8,286,000 13.5% 2.7% 6.1% 10.3%
Share of the U.S. 60.2% 62.3% 60.7% 59.2% 60.1%
Source: U.S. Cruise Ports and BREA
Embarkations from California’s ports (Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego and San
Francisco) have increased by 12 percent since 2018 to 1.3 million.
There were also significant developments among the other key ports. Embarkations from
Galveston increased by about 10 percent to nearly 1.1 million. Seattle’s embarkations
continue to increase, increasing to about 596,000, a new high. Seattle’s increase is also
interrelated with the increase in passenger visits and crew arrivals to Alaska. New York’s two
cruise terminals and New Jersey’s Cape Liberty experienced slight decreases in their
embarkations to 550,500 and 348,200, respectively.

Figure ES-3– U.S. Embarkations by Top 10 Port, 2018 and 2019 (Thousands)
4,000
3,403
3,500
3,000 2,771
2,500 2,243
2,092
2,000 1,8511,931 1,835
1,708
1,500
1,092
985
1,000
660 696 598
514 557 550 552 586 549 596
500 360 348
-
Miami Port Port Galveston Long Tampa New York New Seattle Cape All Other
Canaveral Everglades Beach Orleans Liberty Ports
2018 2019
Source: U.S. Cruise Ports
The major economic impacts of the international cruise industry by state during 2019 as
shown in Table ES-7 were as follows:
 The economic impacts were concentrated in 10 states. These states accounted for 77
percent of the cruise industry’s direct purchases in the U.S., 78 percent of the total
employment impact and 79 percent of the income impact.
 As seen in state Table 11, the total cruise passenger visits and crew arrivals to Florida
were nearly 13.6 million in 2019. Florida ports accounted for 47 percent of all passenger
visits and crew arrivals in the U.S during 2019. Passengers, crew and cruise lines
combined to directly spend $9.0 billion in Florida, up 6.5 percent over 2018. Florida
accounted for 36 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures. This direct spending
generated nearly 159,000 total jobs paying $8.1 billion in income. In addition, the state
of Florida, which is the home of corporate or administrative offices for most of the
cruise lines, accounted for an estimated 59 percent of the cruise lines’ U.S.-based
employment, and 68 percent of the cruise lines’ U.S.-based wages during 2019.
 California, similar to Florida, hosts both cruise line headquarters and ports-of-
embarkation. California ports continue to add passengers and crew. During 2019,
cruise passenger visits and crew arrivals totaled just over 2.3 million (Table 12). Overall,
passenger visits and crew arrivals were up more than 7 percent in 2019 over 2018. With

just over 10 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures, California businesses received
$2.6 billion in direct industry spending, which, in turn, generated 50,200 jobs paying
$3.3 million in wages.
Table ES-7 – Direct Expenditures and Total Employment and Wage Impacts of the
International Cruise Industry for All States, 2019
Direct Share Share Share
Total Total Avg
State 2019 2018 Purchases of Of Of
Emp Income Wage
($ Millions) U.S. U.S. U.S.
Florida 1 1 $ 9,043 36.0% 158,992 36.4% $ 8,063 33.0% $ 50.7
California 2 2 $ 2,596 10.3% 50,193 11.5% $ 3,318 13.6% $ 66.1
Texas 3 3 $ 1,610 6.4% 26,872 6.2% $ 1,815 7.4% $ 67.6
New York 4 4 $ 1,309 5.2% 17,366 4.0% $ 1,157 4.7% $ 66.6
Alaska 5 5 $ 1,276 5.1% 23,008 5.3% $ 1,226 5.0% $ 53.3
Washington 6 6 $ 1,079 4.3% 22,750 5.2% $ 1,345 5.5% $ 59.1
Georgia 7 7 $ 772 3.1% 14,233 3.3% $ 799 3.3% $ 56.2
Illinois 8 8 $ 619 2.5% 9,935 2.3% $ 646 2.6% $ 65.0
New Jersey 9 9 $ 526 2.1% 9,609 2.2% $ 581 2.4% $ 60.5
Louisiana 10 10 $ 491 2.0% 9,012 2.1% $ 397 1.6% $ 44.1
Hawaii 11 12 $ 464 1.8% 7,059 1.6% $ 261 1.1% $ 37.0
Pennsylvania 12 11 $ 463 1.8% 7,286 1.7% $ 449 1.8% $ 61.6
Colorado 13 13 $ 415 1.6% 2,823 0.6% $ 180 0.7% $ 63.9
Massachusetts 14 14 $ 388 1.5% 5,830 1.3% $ 427 1.7% $ 73.2
Indiana 15 15 $ 346 1.4% 8,473 1.9% $ 449 1.8% $ 53.0
North Carolina 16 16 $ 308 1.2% 4,650 1.1% $ 231 0.9% $ 49.8
Michigan 17 17 $ 285 1.1% 3,906 0.9% $ 228 0.9% $ 58.4
Virginia 18 21 $ 262 1.0% 3,812 0.9% $ 231 0.9% $ 60.7
Ohio 19 20 $ 255 1.0% 4,840 1.1% $ 248 1.0% $ 51.3
Arizona 20 19 $ 247 1.0% 4,188 1.0% $ 196 0.8% $ 46.7
Maryland 21 18 $ 242 1.0% 3,890 0.9% $ 223 0.9% $ 57.4
Connecticut 22 22 $ 237 0.9% 1,968 0.5% $ 175 0.7% $ 89.1
Oregon 23 23 $ 196 0.8% 5,608 1.3% $ 287 1.2% $ 51.1
Alabama 24 24 $ 195 0.8% 2,830 0.6% $ 138 0.6% $ 48.6
South Carolina 25 26 $ 178 0.7% 3,474 0.8% $ 142 0.6% $ 40.9
Missouri 26 25 $ 169 0.7% 3,812 0.9% $ 202 0.8% $ 52.9
Minnesota 27 27 $ 133 0.5% 2,522 0.6% $ 154 0.6% $ 61.0
Tennessee 28 28 $ 112 0.4% 2,038 0.5% $ 96 0.4% $ 46.9
Nevada 29 29 $ 108 0.4% 1,616 0.4% $ 76 0.3% $ 46.7
Wisconsin 30 30 $ 73 0.3% 1,260 0.3% $ 59 0.2% $ 46.7
Kentucky 31 32 $ 70 0.3% 1,589 0.4% $ 72 0.3% $ 45.1
Maine 32 31 $ 68 0.3% 1,021 0.2% $ 36 0.1% $ 35.3
Mississippi 33 37 $ 64 0.3% 824 0.2% $ 32 0.1% $ 38.8
Kansas 34 33 $ 63 0.3% 1,981 0.5% $ 98 0.4% $ 49.4
Utah 35 34 $ 60 0.2% 1,426 0.3% $ 61 0.2% $ 42.5
Oklahoma 36 35 $ 53 0.2% 1,083 0.2% $ 48 0.2% $ 43.9
Iowa 37 38 $ 49 0.2% 453 0.1% $ 19 0.1% $ 42.1
Dist. of Col. 38 36 $ 48 0.2% 297 0.1% $ 44 0.2% $148.4
Arkansas 39 39 $ 38 0.1% 732 0.2% $ 28 0.1% $ 38.7
Delaware 40 41 $ 36 0.1% 324 0.1% $ 20 0.1% $ 60.9
New Hampshire 41 40 $ 35 0.1% 395 0.1% $ 23 0.1% $ 58.2
Nebraska 42 42 $ 30 0.1% 574 0.1% $ 28 0.1% $ 49.0
Rhode Island 43 43 $ 30 0.1% 446 0.1% $ 19 0.1% $ 43.6
New Mexico 44 44 $ 20 0.1% 315 0.1% $ 16 0.1% $ 52.0
Idaho 45 45 $ 19 0.1% 357 0.1% $ 15 0.1% $ 43.1
West Virginia 46 46 $ 15 0.1% 320 0.1% $ 14 0.1% $ 43.1
Vermont 47 47 $ 14 0.1% 100 0.0% $ 6 0.0% $ 59.6
North Dakota 48 48 $ 10 0.0% 207 0.0% $ 7 0.0% $ 35.9
South Dakota 49 50 $ 8 0.0% 118 0.0% $ 4 0.0% $ 36.8
Montana 50 49 $ 8 0.0% 133 0.0% $ 6 0.0% $ 45.7
Wyoming 51 51 $ 4 0.0% 61 0.0% $ 3 0.0% $ 52.5
U. S. Total $ 25,136 436,611 $24,399 $ 55.9
Source: Business Research and Economic Advisors

 It is estimated that nearly 1.6 million passengers and crew visited Texas during 2019, up
11 percent from 1.3 million in 2018 (see Table 13). This represents 5.3 percent of all
passenger visits and crew arrivals at U.S ports. With $1.6 billion in direct spending and
26,900 jobs paying $1.8 billion in income, Texas accounted for 6.4 percent of the
industry’s direct expenditures, 6.2 percent of the industry's total employment impact
and 7.4 percent of the income impact.
 In 2019, an estimated 843,000 passengers and crew visited New York down slightly
from 2018 (Table 14). This represented 2.9 percent of total passenger visits and crew
arrivals in the U.S. New York accounted for 5.2 percent of the industry’s direct
expenditures with $1.3 billion in 2019. This spending generated an estimated 17,400
jobs paying $1.2 billion in income.
 Alaska benefits from the cruise industry primarily as a destination market. During 2019,
the cruise industry produced 6.1 million passenger visits and crew arrivals to Alaska
destinations (see Table 15), an 8.3 percent increase from 2018. The state primarily
benefits from cruise passenger spending for shore excursions, pre- and post-cruise stays,
food and beverages and general retail. Because of this spending, Alaska accounted for
5.1 percent of the industry’s direct spending with $1.3 billion in expenditures generating
23,000 full- and part-time jobs paying about $1.2 billion in wage income.
 The state of Washington is the location of cruise industry administrative facilities and a
port-of-embarkation in Seattle. During 2019 an estimated 876,000 passengers and crew
visited Seattle (see Table 16). With $1.1 billion in direct spending and nearly 22,800 jobs
paying $1.3 billion in income, Washington accounted for approximately 4.3 percent of
the industry’s national economic impact.
 Georgia is a major source market for cruise passengers and supports the industry with
a wide range of goods and services. During 2019, 626,000 residents of Georgia cruised
(see Table 17). This represented 4.4 percent of U.S. sourced passengers. As a result of
the activity of the cruise industry, Georgia businesses received $772 million, or 3.1
percent of the direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the U.S. These
direct expenditures generated total economic impacts of 14,200 jobs and $799 million
in wages and salaries throughout the Georgia economy during 2019.
 Similar to Georgia, Illinois has no direct cruise operations, but rather is a net exporter
of cruise passengers. It also supports the industry with a wide range of goods and
services. Resident cruise passengers in Illinois totaled 351,000 during 2019, up 8 percent
from 2018 (see Table 18). This accounted for 2.5 percent of U.S. sourced passengers.
As a result of the activity of the cruise industry, Illinois businesses received $619 million,
or 2.5 percent of the direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the U.S.

These direct expenditures generated total economic impacts of 9,900 jobs and $646
million in income throughout the Illinois economy during 2019.
 In 2019, an estimated 533,000 passengers and crew visited New Jersey (see Table 19).
This represents 1.8 percent of total passenger visits and crew arrivals in the U.S. and a
3.9 percent increase from 2018. New Jersey accounted for 2.1 percent of the industry’s
direct expenditures with $526 million. This spending generated an estimated 9,600 jobs
paying $581 million in income.
 An estimated 862,000 passengers and crew visited the Port of New Orleans during 2019,
up about 8.6 percent from 2018 (see Table 20). Louisiana accounted for $491 million
in direct expenditures, or about 2.0 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures. This,
in turn helped generate nearly 9,000 jobs paying $397 million in wages.
 The impacts in the remaining states were primarily generated by cruise passenger
spending for air travel and cruise line purchases from vendors located in each state.

Section I: Impact of the International Cruise Industry on the U.S.

Economy in 2019
The contribution of the international cruise industry is the result of spending by the cruise
lines and their passengers and crew. In this section, passengers sourced from the U.S.,
passenger embarkations from U.S. ports, crew arrivals at U.S. ports and the spending activity
of the industry are detailed.
U.S. Cruise Passengers
As shown in Table 1, passenger embarkations at U.S. ports increased from 10.1 million in
2012 to 13.8 million in 2019, a 37 percent increase. As was seen in previous years, there was
significant variation in growth among the cruise ports within the United States. Driven by the
growth seen in Miami and Port Canaveral, passenger embarkations in Florida increased 10
percent from 7.5 million in 2018 to nearly 8.3 million in 2019. Since 2012, passenger
embarkations in Florida have increased 36 percent; yet Florida’s share of total U.S.
embarkations has remained virtually unchanged at about 60 percent.
Table 1 – U.S. Embarkations of the International Cruise Industry, 2010 – 2019
Growth
Port 2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 2014 2016 2018 2019
Florida 6,074,000 6,891,000 7,079,000 7,512,000 8,286,000 13.5% 2.7% 6.1% 10.3%
Miami 1,887,000 2,549,000 2,551,000 2,771,000 3,403,000 35.1% 0.1% 8.6% 22.8%
Port Canaveral 1,708,000 1,769,000 2,088,000 2,092,000 2,243,000 3.6% 18.0% 0.2% 7.2%
Port Everglades 1,797,000 1,940,000 1,840,000 1,851,000 1,931,000 8.0% -5.2% 0.6% 4.3%
Tampa 487,000 451,000 405,000 598,000 514,000 -7.4% -10.2% 47.7% -14.0%
Jacksonville 195,000 182,000 195,000 200,000 195,000 -6.7% 7.1% 2.6% -2.5%
California 837,000 984,000 1,058,000 1,117,000 1,253,000 17.6% 7.5% 5.6% 12.2%
Long Beach 457,000 549,000 591,000 660,000 696,000 20.1% 7.7% 11.7% 5.5%
Los Angeles 213,000 291,000 300,000 247,000 311,000 36.6% 3.1% -17.7% 25.9%
San Diego 105,000 49,000 55,000 107,000 145,000 -53.3% 12.2% 94.5% 35.5%
San Francisco 62,000 95,000 112,000 103,000 101,000 53.2% 17.9% -8.0% -1.9%
New York 586,000 576,000 499,000 557,000 550,000 -1.7% -13.4% 11.6% -1.3%
Other U.S. Ports 2,598,000 2,613,000 3,022,000 3,497,000 3,705,000 0.6% 15.7% 15.7% 5.9%
Galveston 604,000 642,000 869,000 985,000 1,092,000 6.3% 35.4% 13.3% 10.9%
New Orleans 488,000 502,000 534,000 552,000 586,000 2.9% 6.4% 3.4% 6.2%
Seattle 464,000 408,000 484,000 549,000 596,000 -12.1% 18.6% 13.4% 8.6%
Baltimore 241,000 199,000 211,000 219,000 216,000 -17.4% 6.0% 3.8% -1.4%
Other US Ports 801,000 862,000 924,000 1,192,000 1,215,000 7.6% 7.2% 29.0% 1.9%
United States 10,095,000 11,064,000 11,658,000 12,683,000 13,794,000 9.6% 5.4% 8.8% 8.8%
Source: Port Authorities and Business Research and Economic Advisors

Miami leads the Florida ports with 3.4 million embarkations, which is up by 23 percent from
2018. In part this growth is due to the opening Royal Caribbean’s new terminal, which
enabled the industry’s largest ships to berth in Port Miami.
With over 2.2 million embarkations, Port Canaveral continued its hold as the second largest
US port. Port Everglades continues as the third largest U.S. port with over 1.9 million
embarkations, up 4.3 percent from 2018. Tampa saw its embarkations decrease from 598,000
to 514,000, and is now the 9th largest port of embarkation in the U.S., while Jacksonville saw
its embarkations decrease slightly to 195,000 passengers.
Passenger embarkations in California’s four cruise ports (Los Angeles, Long Beach, San
Diego, and San Francisco) increased by 12 percent to almost 1.3 million passengers during
2019.
Passenger embarkations in Long Beach continued to rise in 2019; up 5.5 percent to 696,000
passengers. The Port of Los Angeles, the second largest of California’s cruise ports saw its
embarkations increase to about 311,000 passengers in 2019. San Diego experienced a large
percentage increase in embarkations to 145,000. Finally, embarkations at San Francisco
decreased by about 2 percent from 2018 to 101,000 passengers. This is the second
consecutive year of decrease in embarkations in San Francisco.
The total embarkations across Florida and California increased by 11 percent over 2018 and
accounts for 82 percent of the total net increase in embarkations among all U.S. cruise ports.
Combined the nine cruise ports of Florida and California account for 69 percent of the U.S.
embarkations in 2019; virtually unchanged from the 2018 study.
While cruise activity in the remaining states is not as large as in Florida and California, there
were significant developments among these ports as well. Galveston continues to climb, to
nearly 1.1 million embarks, up 11 percent from 2018. New Orleans also saw its embarkations
rise from 552,000 in 2018 to 586,000 in 2019, an increase of 8.6 percent.
Embarkations in Seattle increased by nearly 9 percent in 2019 to 596,000.
In New York, embarkations at its cruise terminals in Manhattan and Brooklyn decreased by
1.3 percent to 550,000 passengers during 2019. Figure 1 shows the distribution of US
embarkations for the Top 10 ports and all others.

Figure 1 - Distribution of U.S. Embarkations – 2019
Miami 25%
Port Canaveral 16%
Port Everglades 14%
Galveston 8%
Long Beach 5%
Seattle 4%
New Orleans 4%
New York 4%
Tampa 4%
Cape Liberty 3%
All Other Ports 13%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

Source: Port Authorities and Business Research and Economic Advisors
As shown in Table 2, 14.2 million cruise passengers were sourced from the United States
including Puerto Rico. This represented a 8.4 percent increase from 2018.
A total of 4.6 million passengers were sourced from the states of the South Atlantic region.
This represents about 32 percent of the total. The Pacific region, with 1.9 million passengers,
is second, with about 14 percent of the U.S. total. With a total of more than 6.5 million cruise
passengers, these two regions accounted for 46 percent of all cruise passengers sourced from
the United States, unchanged from 2018.
The next two largest regions, the West South Central and Middle Atlantic regions, generated
more than 1.8 million and 1.6 sourced passengers, respectively. Combined, the two
accounted for a total of 3.4 million cruise passengers, representing 24 percent of all
passengers sourced from the United States. Figure 2 on the next page shows the percentage
distribution of US sourced passengers for the 10 regions.

Table 2 –Cruise Passengers Sourced from the United States, 2013 – 20193
Share of
Census Passengers
the U.S.
Divisions
2013 2014 2016 2018 2019 2013 2014 2016 2018 2019
South Atlantic 4,167,300 4,503,540 4,236,127 4,213,572 4,562,527 38.9% 39.8% 36.8% 32.2% 32.1%
Pacific 1,389,300 1,623,705 1,730,795 1,849,352 1,943,521 13.0% 14.3% 15.0% 14.1% 13.7%
West South
1,383,000 1,471,633 1,419,082 1,624,426 1,831,051 12.9% 13.0% 12.3% 12.4% 12.9%
Central
Middle Atlantic 841,800 785,388 1,065,486 1,530,796 1,614,053 7.9% 6.9% 9.3% 11.7% 11.4%
East North
548,200 528,609 821,669 1,246,778 1,376,505 5.1% 4.7% 7.1% 9.5% 9.7%
Central
Mountain 925,000 992,535 626,524 783,521 883,228 8.6% 8.8% 5.4% 6.0% 6.2%
East South
250,600 252,147 447,592 672,650 736,218 2.3% 2.2% 3.9% 5.1% 5.2%
Central
West North
264,300 252,987 331,471 496,590 547,964 2.5% 2.2% 2.9% 3.8% 3.9%
Central
New England 855,500 836,984 604,759 507,951 532,349 8.0% 7.4% 5.3% 3.9% 3.7%
Puerto Rico &
84,000 80,179 219,848 169,108 171,230 0.8% 0.7% 1.9% 1.3% 1.2%
Other
United States 10,709,000 11,327,707 11,503,353 13,094,744 14,198,646 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Source: Cruise Lines International Association
Figure 2 – Distribution of Cruise Passengers Sourced from the United States – 2019
South Atlantic 32%

Pacific 14%
West South Central 13%
Middle Atlantic 11%
East North Central 10%
Mountain 6%
East South Central 5%
West North Central 4%
New England 4%
Puerto Rico & Other US 1%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Source: Cruise Lines International Association
3The definitions of the nine census divisions are as follows:

New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont and Rhode Island
Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania
South Atlantic: Delaware, DC, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin
East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee
West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota
West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas
Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming
Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon and Washington.

As these data show, U.S. passengers come from all regions of the country with passenger
growth reflecting both the changing deployment strategy of the cruise industry and the
underlying population growth in each region. The number of cruise passengers sourced from
the United States is more than the number of cruise passenger embarkations from U.S. ports,
14.2 million versus 13.8 million, thus, U.S. resident cruise passengers also provide an
economic stimulus to embarkation ports outside the United States. Finally, with 13.8 million
cruise embarkations from U.S. ports in 2019, the international cruise industry is a source of
significant economic activity in the U.S. economy.
Spending in the U.S. Economy Generated by the Cruise Industry
Business Research and Economic Advisors (BREA) conducted a survey of the Member
Cruise Lines of the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) that provides the basis for
our estimates of the industry’s 2019 expenditures for the operating and administrative
expense categories outlined in Table 3. These data were collected for global payments and
payments made to U.S. businesses in addition to other regions of the world. Data was
received directly for 18 cruise brands. These brands were: AIDA Cruises, Azamara, Carnival
Cruise Line, Carnival UK, Celebrity Cruises, Costa, Crystal Cruises, Disney Cruise Line, Fred
Olsen, Hapag Lloyd, Holland America Line, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Oceania, Princess
Cruises, Regent, Royal Caribbean International, Seabourn, and Silversea Cruises. In addition,
BREA analyzed annual reports, 10K’s and other financial reports to estimate spending for all
missing lines.
Table 3 – Operating and Administrative Expense Categories
Operating Expenses Administrative Expenses

Travel Agent Commissions Marketing, Advertising & Promotion
Cost of Travel Insurance for Passengers Other Cost of Sale
Customs/Immigration/Intn'l Arrivals Fees Charges to Passengers Accounting & Legal Services
Airfares Collected from Passengers Computer/Internet Consulting Services
Costs of Pre-or Post-Cruise Packages Collected from Passengers Financial Services
Food & Beverages Other Professional Services
Fuel Telephone
Port Charges & Fees Travel & Entertainment
Restaurant/Hotel/Casino Supplies Rent
Vessel Maintenance, Repair & Drydock Fees Utilities
Vessel Insurance Land-Side Employees Wages & Salaries
Maintenance Equipment & Supplies Crew Wages & Salaries
Cost of Shore Excursions
In addition to the aggregate revenue and expense data, more detailed data on vendor
purchases were obtained from a smaller group of cruise lines. Vendor-specific data were
obtained from the following cruise lines: Carnival Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Holland

America Line, Princess Cruises and Royal Caribbean International. These five cruise lines
accounted for approximately 75 percent of the industry’s non-wage U.S. operating and
administrative expenses at the time of collection. These data were then aggregated by industry
group and state and used to estimate total cruise industry expenditures by industry. These
detailed expenditures accounted for about 65 percent of the total estimated expenditures
made by the international cruise lines with U.S. businesses. The vendor purchases were
aggregated into 95 industry sectors consistent with the 2019 U.S. input/output accounts.
The economic benefits that accrue to the U.S. economy arise from five principal sources of
spending by the cruise industry and its passengers and crew:
 spending by cruise passengers and crew for goods and services associated
with cruise ship arrivals at U.S. ports, including travel to the port of
embarkation, pre- and post-cruise vacation spending, shore excursions, food
and beverages and other retail;
 expenditures by the cruise lines for goods and services necessary for cruise
operations, including food and beverages, fuel, vessel maintenance and repair,
ship’s supplies and so forth;
 spending by the cruise lines for port services at U.S. ports-of-embarkation
and transit ports-of-call;
 the shore-side staffing by the cruise lines for their headquarters, marketing
and tour operations; and
 capital expenditures for facilities constructed in the U.S., including port
terminals, office facilities, and other capital equipment.
As shown in Table 4, the cruise lines spent an estimated $18.1 billion with U.S. businesses
during 2019, including nearly $15.8 billion for goods and services and $2.4 billion for capital
expenditures. Overall, this represents a 2.9 percent increase from similar expenditures in
2018. Total spending by the cruise lines has increased each year since 2012. As a result, the
2019 spending by cruise lines reached a new peak and is 24 percent above the 2012 spend of
$14.6 billion.

Table 4 – U.S. Expenditures ($ Billions) of the International Cruise Industry, 2012 – 2019
Growth
2012 2014 2016 2018 2019 2014 2016 2018 2019
U.S. Purchases of Cruise Lines $14.63 $15.63 $16.02 $17.61 $18.12 3.6% 2.5% 10.0% 2.9%
Goods and Services $12.66 $13.65 $13.96 $15.34 $15.76 4.0% 2.2% 9.9% 2.7%
Capital Expenditures (incl. net int.) $ 1.97 $ 1.98 $ 2.06 $ 2.27 $ 2.36 1.1% 3.8% 10.2% 4.1%
Passengers and Crew $ 3.66 $ 3.96 $ 4.18 $ 4.67 $ 5.11 8.9% 5.8% 11.6% 9.4%
Wages & Taxes Paid by Cruise Lines $ 1.34 $ 1.43 $ 1.48 $ 1.67 $ 1.91 3.1% 3.9% 12.8% 12.8%
Total U.S.-based Spending $19.63 $21.02 $21.69 $23.95 $25.14 4.6% 3.2% 10.5% 4.9%
Cruise passengers and crew added $5.1 billion in spending with U.S. businesses. Just over
one-third (37%) of these expenditures represented airfares that were directly purchased by
passengers. Of the remaining passenger and crew expenditures, just over were spent on
sightseeing and lodging. The remainder mostly consisted of food and beverage and retail
purchases. Passenger expenditures, excluding airfares, were made at the U.S. ports-of-
embarkation and transit ports-of-call. The estimated $5.1 billion in passenger and crew
spending for 2019 increased by 9.4 percent from 2018, and represents a new high for
passenger and crew spending in the United States.
Thus, excluding wages and taxes, the international cruise industry and its passengers and crew
spent a total of $23.2 billion for goods and services provided by U.S. businesses, a 4.3 percent
increase from similar expenditures in 2018. It is also 27 percent above the 2012 level of $18.3
billion.
In addition to the direct purchase of goods and services from U.S. businesses, the cruise
industry made combined payments of $1.9 billion in wages and benefits to its employees and
taxes to federal, state and local governments in the United States. Wage and benefit payments
accounted for about 90 percent of the total. The tax payments consisted primarily of
employer contributions to Social Security and sales and property taxes paid to state and local
governments. This represented a 13 percent increase from 2018.
Including wages and taxes, the international cruise industry and its passengers and crew made
total payments of $25.1 billion to U.S. businesses, U.S.-resident cruise line employees and
U.S. taxing jurisdictions. This was a 4.9 percent increase from total spending by the
international cruise industry in 2018.

Direct Economic Impacts in the United States During 2019
The direct economic impacts of the cruise industry in the United States are derived from a
broad range of activities including:
 port services and cruise industry employment;

 transportation of cruise passengers from their place of residence to the ports of
embarkation;
 travel agent commissions;
 spending for shore excursions and pre- and post-cruise stays in U.S. port cities;
 passenger and crew spending for retail goods in U.S. port cities; and
 purchases of supplies by the cruise lines from U.S. businesses.
As a result of this spending, an estimated 178,100 full and part-time jobs 4 were generated,
paying wages of $8.7 billion during 2019.5 Thus, the 4.9 percent annual growth in direct
industry expenditures resulted in a 3.4 percent increase in direct employment and a 5.1
percent increase in direct wage income relative to 2018. The slower growth in employment is
primarily the result of the overall increase in labor productivity in all sectors, which reduced
the number of employees per dollar of final demand. This increase in labor productivity also
resulted in a higher increase in direct wage income relative to the direct employment gains
(see Table 5).
4 Throughout this report all employment impacts are the sum of annualized full- and part-time jobs.
5 These figures include the U.S. employees of the cruise lines and the industry’s trade associations and their wage income.

Table 5 – Direct Economic Impacts of the Cruise Industry in the United States – 2019
Direct Wage
Sector Spending Employment Income
Core Cruise Travel Sector $ 12,635 127,865 $ 5,470

Passenger & Crew Spending $ 2,625 31,296 $ 819
Port Services & Cruise Lines $ 4,351 55,196 $ 2,651
Transportation Services $ 3,177 28,998 $ 1,350
Air Transportation $ 2,482 12,375 $ 650
Cruise Industry Suppliers $ 12,501 50,239 $ 3,276

Manufacturing $ 6,876 16,416 $ 1,189
Food & Beverages $ 1,056 2,261 $ 103
Apparel & Textiles $ 165 930 $ 44
Chemicals & Plastics $ 343 412 $ 42
Ship Maintenance & Repair $ 1,526 3,393 $ 273
Wholesale Trade $ 786 3,502 $ 261
Other Transportation Services $ 25 35 $ 4
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing $ 1,251 3,196 $ 293
Services & Government (ex. Lodging & Travel Services) $ 3,217 26,337 $ 1,468
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services $ 1,995 15,961 $ 759
Administrative & Waste Management Services $ 55 249 $ 17
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation $ 222 1,834 $ 100
Other Services & Government $ 944 8,293 $ 592
Total - 2019 $ 25,136 178,104 $ 8,746
Total - 2018 $ 23,955 172,326 $8,323
Figure 3 shows the direct cruise industry expenditures and direct employment impacts from
2012 through 2019. Direct cruise industry expenditures have increased each period, from
$19.6 billion in 2012 to $25.1 billion in 2019, a 28 percent increase.
Similarly, the annual direct employment contribution has increased by more than 21 percent
since 2010, rising from 146,800 to 178,100.

Figure 3– Direct Cruise Industry Expenditures and Employment, 2012 – 2019
190,000 $30.0
$25.1
180,000 $24.0 $25.0
$21.7 178,100
$21.0
$19.6 172,300
170,000 $20.0
160,000 $15.0
158,200
152,300
150,000 $10.0
146,800
140,000 $5.0
130,000 $-
2012 2014 2016 2018 2019
Direct $ Direct Jobs
The Core Cruise Travel Sector in the United States
The core cruise travel sector in the United States consists of the cruise lines, airlines, travel
agents, port service providers and local businesses, such as hotels and restaurants that are
directly impacted by passenger and crew spending. Businesses in these sectors of the U.S.
economy received an estimated $12.6 billion in direct spending by the cruise lines and their
passengers and crew in 2019 (see Table 5). This, in turn, supported the employment of an
estimated 127,900 workers, an increase of 3.0 percent from 2018, and $5.5 billion in wage
income, for an increase of 3.2 percent.
Spending in the core cruise travel sector totaled $12.6 billion while the cruise industry
purchased an additional $12.5 billion in goods and services from its direct suppliers. Thus,
the core cruise travel sector accounted for 50 percent of the direct spending by the cruise
industry, 72 percent of the direct employment, and 63 percent of the direct wage income, all
virtually unchanged from the 2018 study.
Port Services and Cruise Lines in the United States
Once again in 2019, cruise lines and port service providers were the leading components of
the core cruise sector, accounting for 34 percent of cruise industry spending in the core cruise
travel sector (see Figure 4). This segment of the core cruise sector includes two primary
components: i) expenditures with U.S. cruise ports and their service providers, such as
stevedores and pilots and ii) the direct U.S.-based employment and wages of the cruise
industry, including the employment and income of the industry’s trade associations.

Port service providers at each of the embarkation ports and transit ports-of-call in the United
States provide a broad range of services including tugboat and piloting services, port agents,
stevedores, passenger reception services, warehousing and other material handling services.
Secondly, many of the major international cruise lines maintain administrative and marketing
offices throughout the United States. While Florida hosts the majority of cruise headquarters,
cruise line offices are also located in California and Washington. Additionally, the lines also
maintain marketing and telephone centers in several other states, including Oregon, Kansas,
and Arizona, and also have tour operations and support staff in Alaska and Hawaii. These
employees and their wages are included in this sector. Third, industry trade associations
maintain staff in Alaska, Florida and Washington, D.C. As with the cruise lines, the employees
of these associations and their wages are also included in the core cruise travel sector.
Figure 4 – Distribution of Core Cruise Travel Sector Direct Spending – 2019 ($12.6 Billion)
Port Services & Cruise Lines (34%) $4.35
Transportation Svcs (Pax & C.L.) (27%) $3.18
Passenger & Crew Spending (20%) $2.62
Air Transp (Pax & C.L.) (19%) $2.48
During 2019, the cruise industry spent $4.4 billion on port services, up 4.4 percent from $4.2
billion in 2018. As a result of these expenditures, port service providers, the cruise lines and
their trade associations provided 55,200 full- and part-time jobs, and paid an annual income
of almost $2.7 billion.
On an industry basis, 76 percent of these jobs are found in the transportation sector, including
water transportation, trucking, warehousing and other transport services, while the remainder
were in administrative and support services. The cruise lines directly account for about half
of the employment and wage impacts in this sector. The remaining half of the impacts occur

principally with port authorities with additional impacts affecting ship agents; stevedoring
and warehousing firms and other water transportation services, such as pilots and tugboats;
and administrative and support services to these services.
Transportation Services in the United States
With $3.2 billion in direct expenditures, the transportation services sector was the second
largest component of the core cruise travel sector and accounted for 25 percent of cruise
industry spending within the core cruise travel sector. Transportation services primarily
include travel agents and tour operators.
The $3.2 billion in spending by the cruise lines and their passengers and crew for
transportation services was a 4.2 percent decrease from 2018. Overall, BREA estimated that
the cruise industry spending for these transportation services was responsible for the
generation of 29,000 jobs in this sector paying nearly $1.4 billion in wages.
Air Transportation Services in the United States
Air transportation accounts for another 20 percent of cruise industry spending in the core
cruise travel sector. About 40% of the passengers arrived at their port city by air travel.
Those cruise passengers who flew to their port city spent an estimated $2.5 billion on air
transportation, an increase of 6.4 percent from 2018. These expenditures produced 12,400
jobs in the United States an increase of 3.8 percent from 2018, while the wage income impact
increased by 5.9 percent to $650 million.
Passenger and Crew Spending in the United States
The final component of the core cruise travel sector is the spending of cruise passengers and
crew for a variety of retail, dining, local transit and lodging services. 6 First, as previously
discussed, nearly 13.8 million passengers embarked on cruises at U.S. ports. Second, the
industry generated nearly 6.5 million transit visits at U.S. ports-of call. Approximately 80
percent of all port of call visits were in Alaska and Florida. Finally, crew onboard cruise ships
visit both ports-of-embarkation and transit ports-of-call. Passenger and crew combined
spending for non-transportation services of the core cruise travel sector totaled an estimated
$2.6 billion in the United States during 2019, an increase of 9.6 percent from 2018. These
expenditures accounted for 21 percent of cruise industry spending within the core cruise
travel sector. This spending was responsible for the generation of 31,300 jobs in the U.S., an
6Passenger and crew expenditures for sightseeing and shore excursions are included in the Transportation Services category
of the core cruise travel sector.

increase of 11 percent from 2018. The associated annual wages are $819 million, increased
by 9.8 percent from 2018.
On an industry basis, the employment and wage impacts were concentrated in three key
industries: the accommodation, food and beverage service, and retail. The accommodation
sector accounted for 65 percent of passenger and crew non-transportation expenditures,
while the food and beverage service sector accounted for about 24 percent and the retail trade
industry accounted for the remaining 11 percent of the economic impacts generated by
passenger and crew expenditures.
Adding in the cost of shore tours and local transportation, part of which was included in
Transportation Services, passengers and crew spent $3.2 billion in port cities throughout the
United States. This was a 13 percent increase from 2018. As shown in Table 6 and Figure
5, embarkation passengers accounted for 64 percent of the total spending with $2.1 billion in
2019. Based upon the passenger survey data referenced previously, about 43 percent of
embarking passengers stayed one or more nights in a port city and spent a total of $1.8 billion
during their visits. On average, these overnight cruise visitors spent $304 per visit. The
average length of stay of these passengers was approximately 1.1 nights.
Table 6 – Onshore Passenger and Crew Expenditures in the United States7 – 2019
Onshore Total Avg Spend

Visits Spending Pax/Crew
Embarkation Passenger 13,794,000 $ 2,083 $ 151.08

Overnight Stays 5,889,000 $ 1,793 $ 304.38
Day of Cruise Arrivals 7,905,000 $ 291 $ 36.87
Port-of-Call Passengers 6,454,000 $ 806 $ 124.81
Crew Onshore Visits 3,373,000 $ 344 $ 102.05
Total U.S.-based Spending 23,621,000 $ 3,233 $ 139.87
Embarking passengers who arrived at the port city on the day of their cruise spent an average
of $37. Most of these expenditures were for local transit, parking and limited food and retail
purchases. In total, we estimated that these day of arrival cruise passengers spent $291 million
during 2019.
In addition, there was approximately $1.9 billion in passenger paid airfare in 2019, bringing
the total passenger and crew spending to $5.1 billion.
7 Passenger & Crew spending only included onshore purchases, such as accommodations, food & beverage, sightseeing
tours and other retail.

Figure 5 – Distribution of Onshore Spending by Passenger and Crew in the U.S.– 2019
Total = $3.2 Billion
Overnight Stays 55%
Port-of-Call Passengers 25%
Crew 11%
Day of Cruise Arrivals 9%
BREA also estimated that the cruise industry generated 6.5 million port-of-call onshore
visits.8 Approximately 62 percent of these visits were made to ports in Alaska, unchanged
from 2018. Cruise ships also make calls at other ports throughout the United States including
Key West, Port Canaveral, Hawaii, and many of the East and West Coast ports. Survey data
of transit port-of-call passengers across the U.S. indicated that nationally port-of-call
passenger spent an average of nearly $125 per visit. Consequently, we have estimated that
these 6.5 million passengers spent nearly $806 million in the United States during 2019, or 25
percent of the total passenger and crew spending. The average passenger expenditure per
port-of-call visit decreased slightly from 2018.
Finally, crew onboard the cruise ships will disembark at both ports-of-embarkation and
transit ports-of-call. We estimated that nearly 8.9 million crew arrivals were made at U.S. port
cities in 2019. With an estimated 3.4 million crew onshore visits, and an average crew
expenditure of $102 per onshore visit, crew spent an estimated $344 million in the United
States during 2019. This equates to 11 percent of the total expenditures of passengers and
crew.
Another way to view passenger and crew spending is in terms of the onshore spending
generated by a typical or average cruise ship call. As shown in Table 7, we have estimated
that a 3,500-passenger ship generated an average of approximately $580,000 in passenger and
crew onshore spending per call in the home port city during 2019. A similar ship making
8Not all passengers get off at each port, thus, the number of passenger onshore visits is lower than the number of
passenger arrivals. For the 2019 study BREA generally estimated that 89 percent of arriving passengers disembarked and
visited the port city.

transit port-of-call visits would generate an average of approximately $446,000 in passenger

and crew onshore spending per U.S. port call.
Table 7 – Estimated Onshore Spending Generated by a 3,500-Passenger Cruise Ship – 2019
Onshore Avg Spend

Spending
Visits Pax/ Crew
Homeport Cruise Visits 4,060 $ 579,433 $ 142.72

Passengers with Overnight Stays 1,470 $ 447,433 $ 304.38
Passengers Arriving on Day of Cruise 2,030 $ 74,851 $ 36.87
Crew Onshore Visits 560 $ 57,148 $ 102.05
Port-of-Call Cruise Visit 3,675 $ 445,931 $ 121.34
Passenger Onshore Visits 3,115 $ 388,783 $ 124.81
Crew Onshore Visits 560 $ 57,148 $ 102.05
Other Direct Impacts in the United States – Cruise Line Expenditures
During 2019, U.S. businesses outside the core cruise travel sector received $12.5 billion in
direct spending by the cruise lines. These expenditures generated an estimated 50,200 jobs in
the nation paying wage income of nearly $3.3 billion. Expenditures with suppliers increased
by 6.5 percent from 2018. The employment impact among cruise industry suppliers increased
by about 4.3 percent while the income impact rose by 8.4 percent. Table 5 (shown earlier)
shows the direct impacts of these expenditures by the cruise lines on major business sectors
of the U.S. economy. As shown in Figure 6 below, the top 2 sectors account for about 81
percent of the economic impacts within the Cruise Industry Suppliers:
 Manufacturing sector ($6.9 billion in direct expenditures, over 16,400 jobs, and nearly
$1.2 billion in wage income) comprised of a very broad range of business services,
including ship maintenance and repair, food and beverages, industrial machinery, and
apparel & textiles, to name a few. Collectively, the direct cruise industry expenditures
within these subsectors increased by 18 percent from 2018, while the subsequent
employment impact rose by 25 percent.
 Services and Government sector ($3.2 billion in direct expenditures, over 26,300 jobs,
and nearly $1.5 billion in wage income). primarily includes professional services, legal,
accounting, administration and waste management, etc. The cruise industry decreased its
expenditures within this sector by 12 percent in 2019. The direct employment impact
dropped by 6.0 percent while the wage impact decreased by 4.6 percent.
 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Leasing subsector ($1.3 billion in direct expenditures,
3,200 jobs, $293 million in wage income): includes banking and brokerage services; vessel,
passenger travel and employee health insurance; real estate services and the leasing of

property and equipment. Spending with financial service providers rose by 4.8 percent
from 2018. The employment impact increased by 6.0 percent from while the income
impact increased by 2.3 percent from 2018.
 Wholesale Trade sector ($786 million in direct expenditures, 3,500 jobs, and $261 million
in wage income): primarily includes the wholesale distribution and warehousing costs
associated with the purchase and delivery of manufactured products consumed and/or
used onboard the cruise ships. Expenditures among wholesalers increased by 12 percent
from 2018. The employment impact rose by 9.4 percent, while the wage impact increased
by 12 percent from 2018.
 Information Services sector ($299 million in direct expenditures, 550 jobs, and $53
million in wage income): subsectors include data communications, data processing,
.publishing services and web-based services, to name a few. Expenditures among this
sector increased by 2.6 percent from 2018. The employment impact decreased by 3.7
percent, while the wage impact increased by 2.1 percent from 2018.
Figure 6 – Distribution of Direct Expenditures to Cruise Industry Suppliers – 2019
Total = $12.5 Billion
Manufacturing 55%
Services & Government 26%
Finance, Ins, Real Estate, Leasing 10%
Wholesale Trade 6%
Information Services 2%
Agricultire, Mining, Utilities 0%
Other Transportation 0%

Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts in the United States During 2019
The indirect economic benefits derived from the cruise industry result in part from the
additional spending by the suppliers to the cruise industry. For example, food processors
must purchase raw foodstuffs for processing; utility services, such as electricity and water, to
run equipment and process raw materials; transportation services to deliver finished products
to the cruise lines or wholesalers; and insurance for property and employees. The U.S.
input/output table and multipliers were used to estimate the indirect impacts. 9 The
input/output table reflects the inter-industry links among industries in the U.S. economy. Use
of the U.S. input/output table permits the estimation of the additional economic impacts that
the direct spending by the cruise industry, its passengers and its suppliers has on all other
industries in the U.S. economy.
In addition to the indirect impacts generated by the purchase of business goods and services
by cruise industry suppliers, the employees of the cruise lines and their suppliers generate
additional economic benefits through their purchases of consumer goods and services
including such goods as autos, food, clothing, furniture, health care and so forth.
The economic impact analysis implied that the direct spending of the international cruise
industry generated another 258,500 jobs in the United States through the indirect and induced
spending by businesses and employees, an increase of 3.7 percent from 2018. In addition,
these jobs generated $15.7 billion in wage income for these workers, an increase of 5.6 percent
from 2018. As shown in Table 8, the indirect/induced economic impacts touch virtually
every industry in the nation.
9
Bureau of Economic Analysis, Annual Input/Output Accounts for the U.S. Economy, 2018.

Table 8 – Indirect and Induced Economic Impacts of the Cruise Industry in the U.S. – 2019
Indirect/
Cruise Industry Indirect/
Induced Wage
Sector Direct Spending Induced
Income
$ Millions Employment
$ Millions
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 48 7,006 $ 611
Manufacturing $ 6,876 24,386 $ 1,981
Food & Beverages $ 1,056 2,264 $ 126
Apparel & Textiles $ 165 1,993 $ 107
Paper & Printing $ 116 1,237 $ 86
Transportation Equipment $ ,528 3,060 $ 281
Transportation $ 6,053 17,876 $ 937
Information Services $ 299 3,349 $ 353
Professional, Scientific & Technical Svcs. $ 1,995 23,795 $ 2,273
Administrative & Waste Management Svcs. $ 3,382 32,550 $ 1,202
Accommodations & Food Svcs. $ 2,501 29,309 $ 635
Performing Arts & Amusements $ 237 6,144 $ 220
Total - 2019 $ 25,136 258,507 $ 15,653
Total - 2018 $ 23,955 249,385 $ 14,828
The Services & Government sector was the most significantly impacted sector within the
nation. This sector accounted for 60 percent of the indirect/induced employment impact and
54 percent of the wage impact nationally. The indirect/induced impacts of cruise industry
spending generated nearly 155,600 jobs in the Services and Government sector paying $8.4
billion in wage income. The indirect/induced employment impacts in this sector rose by 3.1
percent while the income increased by 3.9 percent from 2018.
Within the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services subsector, the indirect impacts
added 23,800 jobs and $2.3 billion in wage income. These impacts resulted from business
demand for a variety of services, including legal and accounting services, consulting services,
especially computer consulting, advertising and other business services.

Figure 7 – Distribution of Indirect/Induced Employment Impacts – 2019

Total = 258,500 Jobs
Other Services & Government 25%

Wholesale & Retail Trade 14%
Administrative & Support Services 13%
Accommodations & Food Services 11%
Professional & Technical Services 9%
Manufacturing 9%
Transportation 7%
Financial and Leasing Services 6%
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction 3%
Performing Arts & Amusements 2%
Another 32,550 jobs and $1.2 billion in income were generated in the Administrative and
Waste Management Services subsector. The respective percentage increases from 2018 for
the employment and wage income impacts were 0.9 percent and 4.1 percent, respectively.
This sector is comprised of establishments that provide routine support activities for the day-
to-day operations of other businesses. These include such activities as temporary help
services, document preparation services, telephone call and answering services, security
services, travel agents and tour operators and sanitary services to name a few.
The Accommodations and Food Services subsector, which includes hotels and restaurants,
benefited from the creation of an estimated 29,300 jobs and $635 million in wage income.
These impacts are primarily due to the travel and dining requirements of day-to-day business
operations, as well as consumer vacation travel. The indirect employment impact rose by 16
percent from 2018 and the income impact increased by 15 percent.
An estimated 35,100 indirect jobs, 14 percent of the total indirect employment impacts, with
an annual income of $1.9 billion were generated in the Wholesale & Retail Trade sector
because of cruise industry spending in 2019. Relative to 2018, the indirect employment
impacts in this sector rose by 3.3 percent while the wage income impacts increased by 6.1
percent. The wholesale trade subsector accounted for approximately 31 percent of the
indirect employment impacts and 55 percent of the wage income impacts in the Wholesale

& Retail Trade sector. The higher income share reflects the higher average wage in the
wholesale trade industry.
The Transportation sector remained an important sector within the nation with 17,900
indirect jobs, 6.9 percent of the total indirect employment impacts, paying $937 million in
wages. This reflects the strong inter-industry linkages within the transportation sector, as well
as, the reliance on a variety of transportation services to supply businesses with their inputs
and to deliver consumer goods to retail outlets. The indirect employment impacts in this
sector rose by 2.4 percent from 2018 while the income impacts increased by 1.8 percent.
Finally, the indirect/induced impacts of cruise industry spending generated 24,400 jobs within
the Manufacturing sector during 2019, 9.4 percent of the total indirect employment. These
jobs paid nearly $2.0 billion in annual income, an increase of 23 percent from 2018. The
majority of the employment impacts were spread among nine industries with the employment
impacts ranging from 482 jobs in the petroleum refining industry to 4,100 jobs in the
fabricated metals industry. Combined, the nine industries shown in Table 8 (above)
accounted for 83 percent of the indirect employment impacts in the Manufacturing sector.

Total Economic Impacts in the United States During 2019
The international cruise industry is responsible for considerable economic activity across the
United States. As noted previously, the industry directly spent $25.1 billion in the United
States in 2019. As shown in Table 9, this spending generated $55.5 billion in total industry
output among U.S. businesses during 2019, an increase of 5.3 percent from 2018. The $55.5
billion in total output resulted in the employment of 436,600 workers, an increase of 3.5
percent from 2018, and $24.4 billion in wages and salaries, a growth of 5.4 percent from 2018.
These total impacts are the sum of the direct, indirect and induced impacts of the direct
spending of the international cruise industry.
Table 9 – Total Economic Impacts of the Cruise Industry in the United States – 2019
Industry Wage
Sector Output Employment Income
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 5,045 7,207 $ 618

Manufacturing $ 13,201 40,802 $ 3,170
Food & Beverages $ 901 4,525 $ 228
Apparel & Textiles $ 1,270 2,923 $ 151
Paper and Printing $ 346 1,779 $ 116
Fabricated Metal Products $ 1,053 5,988 $ 432
Industrial Machinery $ 1,026 3,205 $ 242
Transportation Equipment $ 2,067 3,447 $ 434
Computers & Electronic Equipment $ 3,685 4,589 $ 574
Other Manufacturing $ 1,275 10,718 $ 657
Transportation $ 8,535 84,909 $ 4,295
Information Services $ 1,015 3,901 $ 406
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services $ 5,842 39,757 $ 3,032
Administrative & Waste Management Services $ 4,686 65,523 $ 2,106
Accommodations & Food Services $ 2,644 51,275 $ 1,290
Performing Arts & Amusements $ 1,000 18,484 $ 483
Total - 2019 $ 55,460 436,611 $ 24,399
Total - 2018 $ 52,672 421,711 $ 23,151
Since 2012, the total economic impact of the international cruise industry has increased
significantly. Total annual output supported by the cruise industry has increased by 31 percent

over this time frame. As a result of the increased output, the cruise industry’s total annual
employment and wage impacts have increased over the same time frame by 23 percent and
40 percent respectively.
Virtually all sectors of the economy were affected by the international passenger cruise
industry. The industries that were most significantly affected included:
 Air Transportation
 Travel Agents
 Advertising
 Food Processing
 Ship Maintenance and Repair
 Petroleum Refining
 Business Services
 Wholesale Trade
However, many other industries were affected in some form, including lodging, insurance,
telecommunications, retail trade and many others.
As shown in Table 9 (above) and Figure 8 (below), the Transportation sector accounted for
the most total jobs generated by the international cruise industry. Over 84,900 jobs were
generated in this sector, accounting for 19 percent of the total employment impact. These
jobs, in turn, generated $4.3 billion in wages.
The Administrative & Waste Management Services and the Other Services & Government
subsectors respectively accounted for 15 percent and 16 percent of all (direct, indirect and
induced) jobs generated in the United States by the spending of the cruise industry and its
passengers and crew. Combined, these two subsectors generated over 133,200 jobs and nearly
$7.2 billion in wages during 2019.
Approximately $13.2 billion in output was generated in the Manufacturing sector. With
40,800 jobs created, the Manufacturing sector accounted for 9.3 percent of the total jobs, and
13 percent of the income (nearly $3.2 billion) generated by cruise industry spending. Durable
goods accounted for 69 percent of manufacturing while nondurable goods accounted for 31
percent.

Figure 8 – Distribution of Total Employment Impacts – 2019

Total = 436,611 Jobs
Transportation 19%
Other Services & Government 16%
Administrative & Waste Management Services 15%
Accommodations & Food Services 12%
Manufacturing 9%
Professional, Scientific & Technical Services 9%
Wholesale & Retail Trade 9%
Performing Arts & Amusements 4%
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing 4%
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction 2%
Finally, the Wholesale & Retail Trade sector accounted for 8.8 percent of the total
employment impact of the cruise industry having generated just over 38,600 jobs and $2.1
billion in income as a result of the expenditures of the international cruise industry.

Section II: The Contribution of the Cruise Industry to the U.S.

Economy by State in 2019
The national economic contributions discussed in the previous section also had an effect on
individual state economies. The direct economic contribution of the cruise industry and its
passengers and crew was allocated to each state based on several criteria. First, vendor
purchases by industry were allocated to each state based upon a sample of state- and industry-
specific vendor purchases obtained from the cruise lines. Second, wages and salaries of
shoreside employees of the cruise lines were allocated to each state based upon the location
of administrative facilities as provided by the cruise lines. Third, national travel agent
commissions were allocated to each state based upon the place of residence of cruise
passengers. Fourth, air transportation spending was assigned to each state based upon a
combination of the residence of passengers and the ports of embarkation of passengers. Fifth,
cruise passenger and crew expenditures were allocated to states based upon embarkation and
arrival data.
The total economic contribution in each state was estimated by using state- and industry-
specific multipliers obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. These multipliers reflect
the industry and wage structure in each state. As a consequence, the direct and indirect
economic contributions estimated for each state reflect the distribution of vendor purchases
by the cruise industry by industry and state, the place of residence of cruise passengers, the
regional distribution of cruise embarkations and port-of-call visits and the economic structure
of each state.
As shown in Table 10, our analysis shows that the international cruise industry affects every
state economy. Table 10 shows the total employment and wages, which result in part, from
the direct expenditures of the cruise lines for goods and services used to support their cruise
operations. These range from the purchase of food and beverages, to ship maintenance and
refurbishment, to engineering, insurance and management consulting services. Economic
contributions are also generated by other components of what we have called the core cruise
travel sector. These include the commissions received by travel agents from the cruise lines,
airfares received by airlines from cruise passengers and fees received by port authorities and
port service providers.

Table 10 – Direct Expenditures and Total Employment & Wage Impacts for All States – 2019
Total Total Avg
Emp Income Wage
Florida 1 1 $ 9,043 36.0% 158,992 36.4% $ 8,063 33.0% $ 50.7
California 2 2 $ 2,596 10.3% 50,193 11.5% $ 3,318 13.6% $ 66.1
Texas 3 3 $ 1,610 6.4% 26,872 6.2% $ 1,815 7.4% $ 67.6
New York 4 4 $ 1,309 5.2% 17,366 4.0% $ 1,157 4.7% $ 66.6
Alaska 5 5 $ 1,276 5.1% 23,008 5.3% $ 1,226 5.0% $ 53.3
Washington 6 6 $ 1,079 4.3% 22,750 5.2% $ 1,345 5.5% $ 59.1
Georgia 7 7 $ 772 3.1% 14,233 3.3% $ 799 3.3% $ 56.2
Illinois 8 8 $ 619 2.5% 9,935 2.3% $ 646 2.6% $ 65.0
New Jersey 9 9 $ 526 2.1% 9,609 2.2% $ 581 2.4% $ 60.5
Louisiana 10 10 $ 491 2.0% 9,012 2.1% $ 397 1.6% $ 44.1
Hawaii 11 12 $ 464 1.8% 7,059 1.6% $ 261 1.1% $ 37.0
Pennsylvania 12 11 $ 463 1.8% 7,286 1.7% $ 449 1.8% $ 61.6
Colorado 13 13 $ 415 1.6% 2,823 0.6% $ 180 0.7% $ 63.9
Massachusetts 14 14 $ 388 1.5% 5,830 1.3% $ 427 1.7% $ 73.2
Indiana 15 15 $ 346 1.4% 8,473 1.9% $ 449 1.8% $ 53.0
North Carolina 16 16 $ 308 1.2% 4,650 1.1% $ 231 0.9% $ 49.8
Michigan 17 17 $ 285 1.1% 3,906 0.9% $ 228 0.9% $ 58.4
Virginia 18 21 $ 262 1.0% 3,812 0.9% $ 231 0.9% $ 60.7
Ohio 19 20 $ 255 1.0% 4,840 1.1% $ 248 1.0% $ 51.3
Arizona 20 19 $ 247 1.0% 4,188 1.0% $ 196 0.8% $ 46.7
Maryland 21 18 $ 242 1.0% 3,890 0.9% $ 223 0.9% $ 57.4
Connecticut 22 22 $ 237 0.9% 1,968 0.5% $ 175 0.7% $ 89.1
Oregon 23 23 $ 196 0.8% 5,608 1.3% $ 287 1.2% $ 51.1
Alabama 24 24 $ 195 0.8% 2,830 0.6% $ 138 0.6% $ 48.6
South Carolina 25 26 $ 178 0.7% 3,474 0.8% $ 142 0.6% $ 40.9
Missouri 26 25 $ 169 0.7% 3,812 0.9% $ 202 0.8% $ 52.9
Minnesota 27 27 $ 133 0.5% 2,522 0.6% $ 154 0.6% $ 61.0
Tennessee 28 28 $ 112 0.4% 2,038 0.5% $ 96 0.4% $ 46.9
Nevada 29 29 $ 108 0.4% 1,616 0.4% $ 76 0.3% $ 46.7
Wisconsin 30 30 $ 73 0.3% 1,260 0.3% $ 59 0.2% $ 46.7
Kentucky 31 32 $ 70 0.3% 1,589 0.4% $ 72 0.3% $ 45.1
Maine 32 31 $ 68 0.3% 1,021 0.2% $ 36 0.1% $ 35.3
Mississippi 33 37 $ 64 0.3% 824 0.2% $ 32 0.1% $ 38.8
Kansas 34 33 $ 63 0.3% 1,981 0.5% $ 98 0.4% $ 49.4
Utah 35 34 $ 60 0.2% 1,426 0.3% $ 61 0.2% $ 42.5
Oklahoma 36 35 $ 53 0.2% 1,083 0.2% $ 48 0.2% $ 43.9
Iowa 37 38 $ 49 0.2% 453 0.1% $ 19 0.1% $ 42.1
Dist. of Col. 38 36 $ 48 0.2% 297 0.1% $ 44 0.2% $148.4
Arkansas 39 39 $ 38 0.1% 732 0.2% $ 28 0.1% $ 38.7
Delaware 40 41 $ 36 0.1% 324 0.1% $ 20 0.1% $ 60.9
New Hampshire 41 40 $ 35 0.1% 395 0.1% $ 23 0.1% $ 58.2
Nebraska 42 42 $ 30 0.1% 574 0.1% $ 28 0.1% $ 49.0
Rhode Island 43 43 $ 30 0.1% 446 0.1% $ 19 0.1% $ 43.6
New Mexico 44 44 $ 20 0.1% 315 0.1% $ 16 0.1% $ 52.0
Idaho 45 45 $ 19 0.1% 357 0.1% $ 15 0.1% $ 43.1
West Virginia 46 46 $ 15 0.1% 320 0.1% $ 14 0.1% $ 43.1
Vermont 47 47 $ 14 0.1% 100 0.0% $ 6 0.0% $ 59.6
North Dakota 48 48 $ 10 0.0% 207 0.0% $ 7 0.0% $ 35.9
South Dakota 49 50 $ 8 0.0% 118 0.0% $ 4 0.0% $ 36.8
Montana 50 49 $ 8 0.0% 133 0.0% $ 6 0.0% $ 45.7
Wyoming 51 51 $ 4 0.0% 61 0.0% $ 3 0.0% $ 52.5
U. S. Total $ 25,136 436,611 $24,399 $ 55.9

Economic Impacts in the Top 10 States
As shown in Table 10, all states had some direct expenditures generated by the international
cruise industry in 2019. This ranged from approximately $4 million in Wyoming to over $9.0
billion in Florida.
The top 10 states accounted for 77 percent of the direct expenditures of the cruise industry
with $19.3 billion (See Figure 9). Of the top 10 states, eight (Florida, California, Texas, New
York, Alaska, Washington, New Jersey and Louisiana) had significant cruise ports. Of these,
Alaska was primarily a destination rather than a homeport state. The other two states,
Georgia, and Illinois, had no cruise ports but were significant source markets for cruise
passengers and provided vendor support for cruise and cruise tour operations. These 10 states
also accounted for 78 percent of the total jobs generated by cruise tourism in the United
States with nearly 342,000 jobs paying $19.3 billion in wage income, 79 percent of the total
national impact.
Of the remaining states, 15, received less than $50 million in direct cruise industry
expenditures. These were all largely source market states will smaller populations. Another
22 states received $50 to $350 million in direct expenditures. Several of these were states
where smaller cruise port operations occurred (Virginia, South Carolina, Maine, Maryland
and Alabama), while the rest contained a larger population from which passengers were
sourced or provided goods and services to the cruise industry. Finally, there were 4 states that
received between $350 and $450 million in direct cruise industry expenditures. Hawaii and
Massachusetts have cruise port operations and/or a significant number of sourced
passengers. Pennsylvania, and Colorado provide a larger population from which passengers
are sourced as well as directly providing a variety of goods and services to the cruise industry,
particularly in the manufacturing industry.

Figure 9 – Distribution of Direct Expenditures of the International Cruise Industry in the Top 10 States
– 2019
Top 10 State Total = $19.3 Billion
Florida 47%
California 13%
Texas 8%
New York 7%
Alaska 7%
Washington 6%
Georgia 4%
Illinois 3%
New Jersey 3%
Louisiana 3%

Summaries of the Economic Impacts of the Top 10 States
Florida
As has been discussed previously in this report, Florida is the center for cruising not only
from the United States, but worldwide. As shown in Table 11, 8.3 million passengers boarded
their cruises from one of Florida’s five cruise ports, Port of Miami, Port Everglades, Port
Canaveral, Port of Tampa and Port of Jacksonville10, accounting for 60 percent of
embarkations at all U.S. ports. While these ports primarily offer cruises to the Bahamas, the
Caribbean and Central America, cruises that originate in Florida also travel to ports around
the world.
Table 11– Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Florida
Share of the
Florida
U.S.
Passenger Embarkations 8,286,000 60.1%
Resident Cruise Passengers 2,417,000 17.0%
Total Passenger Visits & Crew Arrivals 13,590,000 46.7%
Total Passenger & Crew Onshore Visits 11,047,580 46.7%
Direct Expenditures ($ Millions) $ 9,043 36.0%

Total Employment Impact 158,992 36.4%
Total Wage Impact ($ Millions) $ 8,063 33.0%
Source: Cruise Lines International Association and Business Research and Economic Advisors
Florida also led the nation in U.S.-sourced cruise passengers with 2.4 million passengers, 17
percent of all U.S.-sourced cruise passengers. With nearly three and a third times as many
embarkations as resident passengers, the cruise industry in Florida is the largest net importer
of cruise passengers in the United States.
Relative to 2018, Florida experienced an increase of 10 percent in passenger embarkations,

and saw a 6.5 percent increase in sourced passengers.
Port-of-call passenger onshore visits in Florida totaled just over 1.2 million. Key West is a
significant destination for many cruises with Caribbean itineraries. It accounts for about 80
percent of the total port of call visits across all Florida ports.
10Key West is a port-of-call for Caribbean cruises and thus does not generate passenger embarkations. However, spending
from port-of-call passenger and crew in Key West and other ports are included in the state visit and spending estimates.

Including homeport and transit calls, cruising at Florida ports generated an estimated 11.0
million passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting for 47 percent of all passenger and
crew onshore visits in the United States. These visits produced an estimated $1.4 billion in
passenger and crew onshore spending, or nearly $124 per passenger and crew onshore visit.
As in 2018, Florida is the only state to generate over $1 billion in annual passenger and crew
expenditures, something no other state has yet achieved. Total passenger and crew spending
in Florida increased by 12 percent from 2018 as a result of the increase in passenger onshore
visits and crew arrivals.
Florida is not only the center for cruise originations, it is the center of just about all aspects
of the cruise industry. Carnival Corporation & plc., Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. and
Norwegian Cruise Line have their headquarters in Florida as do other cruise lines.
Accordingly, Royal Caribbean recently opened a new terminal in Port Miami and broke
ground on an expanded corporate headquarters in mid-2019, and Carnival Cruise Lines has
begun the construction of a new terminal at Port Canaveral, with a scheduled 2020
completion date. Overall, operations in 2019 employed approximately 60 percent of the total
employment of all cruise lines throughout the United States.
As a result of the activity of the cruise industry, Florida businesses received just over $9.0
billion, or 36 percent of the direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United
States. Due to the absolute scale of the industry, direct expenditures in Florida impacted just
about all segments of the economy, including recreation and amusement establishments,
wholesalers of products purchased by cruise lines, manufacturers of communications and
navigation equipment, producers of machinery and equipment such as engine parts, boilers,
laundry equipment and computers, manufacturers of fabricated metal products such as locks
and security equipment and business service providers such as interior designers and
computer services consultants. Tourism-related businesses in addition to the cruise lines, such
as travel agencies, airlines, hotels, restaurants and providers of ground transportation were
certainly the main beneficiaries of the cruise industry. These tourism-related industries
received almost $4 billion, or 44 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in Florida.
Another 24 percent of direct spending went to the manufacturing industry with $2.14 billion
in direct expenditures. The three largest sectors affected within this industry were the food
and beverage manufacturers, petroleum manufacturers and chemical manufacturers that
make soap, cleaning and toiletry products.
Finally, these direct expenditures generated total economic impacts of almost 159,000 jobs
and $8.1 billion in income throughout the Florida during 2019. Florida’s total employment
impact increased by 2.8 percent while the total wage impact rose by 4.9 percent. These

impacts accounted for 36 percent of the national employment impact and 33 percent of the
national wage impact.

California
With respect to the cruise industry, California is very similar to Florida only on a smaller scale.
The state has four major cruise ports in Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego and San
Francisco that combined generated nearly 1.3 million passenger embarkations during 2019,
9.1 percent of total U.S. embarkations (see Table 12). Cruise itineraries primarily include
ports along the Pacific coast of Mexico, but also include cruises through the Panama Canal,
to Hawaii and Alaska.
Table 12 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – California
Share of the
California
U.S.

Collectively, the California embarkation ports experienced an increase in embarkations from

2018 to 2019 of 12 percent.
Embarkations in San Francisco reached a peak of 112,000 in 2016 before experiencing a

decrease to a total of 101,000 in 2019. Despite this decrease, and the low absolute number of
annual embarkations compared to other ports in the state, San Francisco embarkations have
grown 63 percent from 2012, the most in the state. San Diego reversed its downward trend
in annual embarks over several periods in 2016 with a 12% increase during the year. San
Diego nearly doubled its embarks in 2018 and added another 36 percent in 2019 reaching
145,000 embarks, its highest mark since 2010. Los Angeles and Long Beach have consistently
been the busier ports in California. This trend continues in 2019 with Long Beach reaching a
new high of nearly 696,000 embarks, and Los Angeles experiencing 311,000 embarks.
The 1.5 million cruise passengers sourced from California accounted for 10 percent of U.S.-
sourced passengers during 2019, an increase of 4.3 percent from 2018. The larger number of
resident passengers than passenger embarkations makes California a net exporter of cruise
passengers.

Including homeport and transit calls, cruising at California ports generated an estimated 1.9
million passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting for 8.0 percent of all passenger and
crew onshore visits in the United States. These visits produced an estimated $161 million in
passenger and crew onshore spending, or about $86 per passenger and crew onshore visit.
Total estimated spending by passengers and crew increased by 6.9 percent from 2018 as a
result of the 7.1 percent increase in passenger onshore visits and crew arrivals.
Again, similar to Florida, California is the home of headquarters and support facilities for
several cruise lines including Princess and Crystal Cruises. Overall, California employed about
6 percent of all cruise line employees throughout the United States.
Total direct cruise industry expenditures in California were approximately $2.6 billion, or 10
percent of the direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States. This
figure is the result of increased spending with businesses that support the industry beyond
just cruises originating in California. These include entertainment, food processing and legal
and professional services to name a few. Tourism-related businesses, such as travel agencies,
airlines, hotels, etc., received $923 million, or 36 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures
in California. Another $551 million, or 21 percent of the total, was spent with businesses in
three additional business segments, food processors and petroleum refiners within the
manufacturing sector, and advertising agencies in the nonmanufacturing sector. Direct
expenditures in California also impacted many other industries throughout the state including
business service providers such as computer services, software developers, legal service
providers, apparel manufacturing and the entertainment and amusement industry, including
artwork and producers of musical and theatrical shows.
Finally, these direct expenditures generated total economic impacts of 50,200 jobs and $3.3
billion in income throughout the California economy during 2019. These impacts accounted
for 12 percent of national employment impact and 14 percent of the national wage impact.

Texas
During 2019, Galveston, Texas’ major cruise port, had nearly 1.1 million embarkations, which
accounts for 7.9 percent of all U.S. cruise embarkations. Galveston has seen a 14 percent
increase in passenger embarkations since 2018. Cruise passengers sourced from Texas
accounted for 9.6 percent of all U.S.-sourced passengers and totaled 1.4 million during 2019.
The larger number of sourced passengers than passenger embarkations makes Texas a net
exporter of cruise passengers.
Table 13 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Texas
Share of the
Texas
U.S.
Direct Expenditures ($ Millions) $1,610 6.4%

Total Wage Impact ($ Millions) $1,815 7.4%
Combining passenger onshore visits and crew arrivals, ships making calls in Texas generated
nearly 1.3 million passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting for 5.3 percent of all
passenger and crew onshore visits in the United States. The visits produced an estimated
$125 million in passenger and crew onshore spending, or approximately $988 per passenger
and crew onshore visit. Total passenger and crew spending in 2019 increased by 9 percent
from 2018, due in part to the nearly 11 percent increase in visits.
As a result of the increase in cruise operations in Galveston, cruise industry direct

expenditures increased by 6.5 percent in 2019 to $1.6 billion, representing 6.4 percent of the
direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States. Tourism-related
businesses, such as travel agencies, airlines, hotels, etc., received approximately $816 million,
51 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in Texas. Another $452 million, 28 percent
of direct expenditures in the state, was spent with businesses in three additional business
segments, petroleum refiners in the manufacturing sector and wholesale trade and advertising
agencies in the nonmanufacturing sector. The remaining direct expenditures in Texas also
impacted many other industries throughout the state including food processors, machinery
and computer equipment manufacturers, apparel manufacturers, software publishers,
companies that manufacture and distribute communication and navigation equipment,

insurance carriers and a variety of professional services like legal, architectural and
engineering services.
Finally, these direct expenditures generated total economic impacts of nearly 26,900 jobs and
$1.8 billion in income throughout the Texas economy during 2019. These impacts accounted
for 6.2 percent of national employment impact and 7.4 percent of the national wage impact.

New York
New York is primarily a place of embarkation for cruises to Canada, Bermuda, the Bahamas
and the Caribbean. While the cruises to Canada and Bermuda are seasonal (Spring through
Fall months), cruises to the Bahamas and the Caribbean are offered on a year-round basis.
The City of New York saw 550,000 passenger embarkations during 2019, 4.0 percent of total
U.S. embarkations. The Manhattan Cruise Terminal handled approximately 84 percent of the
passengers while the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal, processed the remaining 16 percent.
Table 14 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – New York
Share of the
New York
U.S.
Passenger Embarkations 550,000 4.0%
Resident Cruise Passengers 786,000 5.5%
Total Passenger Visits & Crew Arrivals 843,000 2.9%
Total Passenger & Crew Onshore Visits 719,000 2.9%

Cruise passengers sourced from New York accounted for 5.5 percent of U.S.-sourced
passengers and totaled 786,000 during 2019. As a result, New York was a net exporter of
cruise passengers.
Relative to 2018, New York experienced a slight decrease in passenger embarkations. As a

result, New York’s share of passenger embarkations slipped from 4.4 percent in 2018 to 4.0
percent in 2019.
Including homeport and transit calls, cruising at New York cruise terminals generated an
estimated 719,000 passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting for 2.9 percent of all
passenger and crew onshore visits in the United States. These visits produced an estimated
$169 million in passenger and crew onshore spending, or $234 per passenger and onshore
visit. Passenger and crew spending decreased by 3.4 percent from 2018.
Cruise industry direct expenditures in New York totaled $1.3 billion, or 5.2 percent of the
direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States. Direct cruise
industry expenditures in the state increased by 1.1 percent from 2018.

Tourism-related businesses, such as travel agencies, airlines, hotels, etc., received

approximately $507 million, 39 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in New York.
Another $527 million, also 40 percent of the direct expenditures, was spent with businesses
in four additional business segments, petroleum refiners and distributors within the
manufacturing sector, wholesale trade, advertising agencies and financial services, including
banking, insurance and securities companies in the nonmanufacturing sector. The remaining
direct expenditures in New York also impacted many other industries throughout the state
including law firms, business service companies such as computer services, software
consulting and marketing, manufacturers of fabricated metal products such as locks and
security equipment and performing arts and amusement establishments.
Finally, these direct expenditures generated total employment impacts of about 17,400 jobs
paying nearly $1.2 billion in income throughout the New York economy during 2019. These
impacts accounted for 4.0 percent of national employment impact and 4.7 percent of the
national wage impact.

Alaska
Alaska is the premier cruise destination market in the United States. During 2019, Alaska
ports received nearly 4.0 million port-of-call cruise passenger onshore visits, approximately
62 percent of all port-of-call cruise passenger onshore visits at U.S. ports. The state does have
homeporting operations as well, and generated 221,000 embarkations on turnaround cruises
between Alaska and Vancouver, Canada. The three busiest ports - consisting of Juneau,
Ketchikan and Skagway - accounted for about 75 percent of all passenger onshore visits to
Alaska. Juneau accounted for 29 percent with just over 1.1 million visits, Ketchikan accounted
for 27 percent with just under 1.1 million visits and Skagway accounted for 24 percent with
960,000 visits. The remaining 20 percent were distributed among seven additional locations
and accounted for approximately 810,000 visits. The cruise lines maintain significant tour
operations in the state and employed an annual average of approximately 2,200 full- and part-
time employees during the year.
Table 15 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Alaska
Share of the
Alaska
U.S.

Alaska is one of the least populous states in the nation and thus resident cruise passengers in
the state totaled 16,000 and accounted for 0.1 percent of U.S.-sourced passengers during
2019. Thus, Alaska was a net importer of cruise passengers.
Relative to 2018, Alaska experienced a 12 percent increase in passenger embarkations and a

8.3 percent increase in total cruise passenger visits and crew arrivals. Including homeport and
transit calls, cruising at Alaska ports generated 4.9 million passenger and crew onshore visits, 11
accounting for 21 percent of all passenger and crew onshore visits in the U.S. These onshore
visits produced an estimated $652 million in passenger and crew onshore spending, a 5.3
11Since individual passengers will make several port-of-call visits on any given itinerary, passenger visits are approximately
three times greater than the number of passengers taking cruises to Alaska.

percent increase over 2018 and accounting for over $132 per passenger and crew onshore
visit.
Alaska ranked 5th in cruise industry direct expenditures with $1.3 billion, or 5.1 percent of
the direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States. Tourism-related
businesses, such as tour operators, airlines, hotels, etc., received approximately $807 million,
about 63 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in Alaska. Another $105 million was
spent with businesses in four additional business segments, food processors and petroleum
refiners and distributors within the manufacturing sector; and employment agencies and
wholesale trade in the nonmanufacturing sector.
billion in income throughout the Alaska economy during 2019. These impacts accounted for
5.3 percent of national employment impact and 5.0 percent of the national wage impact.

Washington
Washington has one major cruise port, Port of Seattle, which had 549,000 passenger
embarkations during 2019, up 8.6 percent. Holland America Group has its headquarters in
Washington. Many Seattle cruises are destined for the Alaska cruise market and also included
at least one visit to a Canadian port. Washington's share of the total embarkations at U.S.
ports was 4.3 percent in 2019.
Table 16 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Washington
Share of the
Washington
U.S.

Cruise passengers sourced from Washington totaled 327,000 during 2019, 2.3 percent of U.S.-
sourced passengers and a 8.2 percent increase from 2018 – making Washington a net importer
of cruise passengers.
Combining passenger onshore visits and crew arrivals, cruising from the Port of Seattle
generated an estimated 713,000 passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting for 3.0 percent
of all passenger and crew onshore visits in the United States. These visits produced an
estimated $228 million in passenger and crew onshore spending, or $321 per passenger and
crew onshore visit.
As a result of the increase in passenger visits and crew arrivals in Seattle, direct cruise industry
expenditures in Washington increased by 7.3 percent to $1.1 billion, or 4.3 percent of the
businesses, such as travel agencies, airlines, hotels, etc., received more than $274 million, or
33 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in the state. Another $268 million, or 32
percent was spent with businesses in six additional business segments, food processors,
petroleum refiners and distributors, and ship repair companies within the manufacturing
sector; and advertising agencies and technical and management consulting firms in the
nonmanufacturing sector. Direct expenditures in Washington also impacted many other

industries throughout the state including law firms, insurance carriers, business service
providers such as computer services, software consulting and marketing, and other financial
service companies.
billion in income throughout the Washington economy during 2019. Employment and wage
impacts accounted for 5.2 and 5.5 percent of the corresponding national impacts.

Georgia
Georgia is a major source market for cruise passengers making it a net exporter of cruise
passengers. Although it has no direct cruise operations, it also supports the industry with a
wide range of goods and services. Cruise passengers sourced from Georgia totaled 626,000
during 2019, 4.4 percent of U.S.-sourced passengers – up 9.0 percent from 2018.
Table 17 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Georgia
Share of the
Georgia
U.S.
Passenger Embarkations N.A. N.A.
Direct Expenditures ($ Millions) $ 772 3.1%

Total Wage Impact ($ Millions) $ 799 3.3%
Cruise industry expenditures in Georgia grew by 2.7 percent in 2019 to $772 million, or 3.1
percent of the direct expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States. Since
Georgia is a source market for cruise passengers, tourism-related businesses, such as travel
agencies, airlines, hotels, etc., accounted for 39 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures
in the state, or $300 million. Another $292 million or 39 percent was spent with businesses
in the top six support industries, durable goods within the manufacturing sector such as
computer and electronic equipment manufacturers and food processors and chemical
manufacturers within the nondurable manufacturing sector; and the wholesale trade,
advertising agencies and insurance companies in the nonmanufacturing sector. Direct
expenditures in Georgia also impacted many other industries throughout the state including
telecom companies, other financial services, software publishers and textile and apparel
manufacturers.
Finally, these direct expenditures generated total economic impacts of 14,200 jobs and $799
million in income throughout the Georgia economy during 2019. Georgia’s total employment
impact increased by 3.1 percent from 2018 as a result of the increase in direct spending while
the total wage impact grew by 5.0 percent. These impacts accounted for approximately 3.3
percent of national employment and wage impacts.

Illinois
Similar to Georgia, Illinois is a major source market for cruise passengers making it a net
exporter of cruise passengers. It has no direct cruise operations, but it supports the industry
with a wide range of goods and services. Cruise passengers sourced from Illinois totaled
351,000 during 2019, accounting for 2.5 percent of U.S.-sourced passengers.
Table 18 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Illinois
Share of the
Illinois
U.S.
Passenger Embarkations N.A. N.A.

Cruise industry expenditures in Illinois increased to $619 million, or 2.5 percent of the direct
expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States in 2019. Since Illinois is a
source market for cruise passengers, tourism-related businesses, such as travel agencies,
airlines, hotels, etc., accounted for 21 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in the state,
or $132 million. Illinois makes a notable contribution to the cruise industry in the
manufacturing sector. Approximately $169 million, or 27 percent was spent with businesses
in four manufacturing industries, food and beverage processors, industrial machinery,
petroleum and coal product firms, and electrical equipment manufacturers. Another $158
million, or 26 percent of the total in the state, was spent with three non-manufacturing firms,
wholesale trade, insurance carriers, and advertising agencies. Direct expenditures in Illinois
also impacted many other industries throughout the state including management and
technical consultants, video and music production companies, paint and chemical
manufacturers, business service providers such as computer services, software consulting and
marketing.
million in income throughout the Illinois economy during 2019. As a result of the increases
in direct cruise expenditures in the state, Illinois’ total employment impact increased by 13
percent from 2018 while the wage impact rose by 16 percent. These impacts accounted for
2.3 percent of national employment impact and 2.6 percent of the national wage impact.

New Jersey
New Jersey is primarily a place of embarkation for cruises to Canada, Bermuda, the Bahamas
and the Caribbean. While the cruises to Canada and Bermuda are seasonal (spring through
fall months), cruises to the Bahamas and the Caribbean are offered on a year-round basis.
Cape Liberty, New Jersey's cruise port, saw an estimated 348,000 passenger embarkations
during 2019, 2.5 percent of total U.S. Cape Liberty homeports ships from Royal Caribbean,
Celebrity, TUI, Azamara and Silversea.
Table 19 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – New Jersey
Share of the
New Jersey
U.S.

Cruise passengers from New Jersey accounted for 2.9 percent of U.S.-sourced passengers and
totaled 414,000 during 2019. Thus, New Jersey was a net exporter of cruise passengers.
Relative to 2018, New Jersey experienced a 4.8 percent increase in the number of resident
cruise passengers.
Cape Liberty generated an estimated 434,000 passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting
for 1.8 percent of all passenger and crew onshore visits in the United States. These visits
produced an estimated $25.1 million in passenger and crew onshore spending in New Jersey,
or about $58 onshore visit.
Direct cruise industry expenditures were $526 million, or 2.1 percent of the direct
expenditures generated by the cruise industry in the United States. Tourism-related
58 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in New Jersey. Another $127 million, 24
percent of the direct expenditures, was spent with businesses in four additional business
segments, petroleum refiners and distributors within the manufacturing sector; and
advertising agencies, insurance companies and consulting firms in the nonmanufacturing
sector. The remaining expenditures in New Jersey also impacted many other industries

throughout the state including law firms, business service companies such as computer
services, software consulting and marketing and manufacturers of chemical products.
million in income throughout the New Jersey economy during 2019. These impacts
accounted for 2.2 percent of national employment impact and 2.4 percent of the national
wage impact.

Louisiana
Louisiana has homeport operations in New Orleans with itineraries to Northern and Western
Caribbean destinations on a year-around basis. It also occasional repositioning itineraries
along with other Caribbean regional destinations on longer itineraries. Carnival, Norwegian,
Royal Caribbean and Disney each had homeport ships operating out of New Orleans in 2019.
As a result, New Orleans saw 586,000 embarkations in 2019, 4.2 percent of the U.S. total and
an increase of 6.1 percent from 2018.
Table 20 – Summary of 2019 Cruise Industry Impacts – Louisiana
Share of the
Louisiana
U.S.

Cruise passengers sourced from Louisiana accounted for 1.6 percent of U.S.-sourced
passengers and totaled 227,000 during 2019. Thus, Louisiana was a net importer of cruise
passengers. Relative to 2018, Louisiana experienced a 7.2 percent increase in the number of
resident cruise passengers.
New Orleans generated an estimated 700,000 passenger and crew onshore visits, accounting
for 3.0 percent of all passenger and crew onshore visits in the United States. This was a 8.6
percent increase from 2018. These visits produced an estimated $136 million in passenger
and crew onshore spending in Louisiana, or about $194 per passenger and crew onshore visit.
Passenger and crew spending increased by about 5.9 percent from 2018.
Direct cruise industry expenditures rose by 3.0 percent to $491 million, or 2.0 percent of the
69 percent of the industry’s direct expenditures in Louisiana. Another $106 million, 19
percent of the direct expenditures, was spent with businesses in four additional business
segments, petroleum refiners and distributors and transportation equipment manufacturers
within the manufacturing sector; and wholesale trade and advertising firms in the

nonmanufacturing sector. The remaining direct expenditures in Louisiana also impacted

many other industries throughout the state including food and beverage and machinery
manufacturers and business service companies such as finance and insurance carrier firms.
million in income throughout the Louisiana economy during 2019. These impacts accounted
for 2.1 percent of national employment impact and 1.6 percent of the national wage impact.
The employment impact rose by 0.5 percent while the wage impact rose by 2.9 percent.

Economic Impacts in the Remaining States
The direct expenditures generated by the international cruise industry and their total
economic impacts in each of the states in 2019 are shown in Table 21. As discussed above,
the magnitude of the economic impacts in each state is dependent upon the scope of cruise
operations, if any, the number of resident cruise passengers and the value of vendor
purchases. The 40 states and the District of Columbia outside the top ten states accounted
for 23 percent of the cruise industry’s direct expenditures in 2019 virtually unchanged from
24 percent in 2018. Most of the states outside of the top ten are source markets for cruise
passengers and supply vendor goods and services. Some states, such as Hawaii,
Massachusetts, Maryland, and South Carolina, have cruise operations, as well. These four
states ranked 11th, 14th, 21st and 25th respectively in terms of direct industry expenditures
during 2019.
Passenger embarkations in Hawaii reached over 129,500 in 2019 which is 4.2 percent higher
than in 2018. In Massachusetts, the Port of Boston had about 115,000 embarkations, the Port
of Baltimore in Maryland reported 215,600 embarkations, and the Port of Charleston in South
Carolina showed to have accommodated about 221,000 embarking passengers. While
passenger data plays an important role in the magnitude of economic impacts, these states
illustrate how embarking passenger data is only one aspect of total industry spending factors
within each state.

Table 21 – Direct Expenditures and Total Employment and Wage Impacts of the International
Cruise Industry for All States, 2019

Total Total Avg
Emp Income Wage
Florida 1 1 $ 9,043 36.0% 158,992 36.4% $ 8,063 33.0% $ 50.7
California 2 2 $ 2,596 10.3% 50,193 11.5% $ 3,318 13.6% $ 66.1
Texas 3 3 $ 1,610 6.4% 26,872 6.2% $ 1,815 7.4% $ 67.6
New York 4 4 $ 1,309 5.2% 17,366 4.0% $ 1,157 4.7% $ 66.6
Alaska 5 5 $ 1,276 5.1% 23,008 5.3% $ 1,226 5.0% $ 53.3
Washington 6 6 $ 1,079 4.3% 22,750 5.2% $ 1,345 5.5% $ 59.1
Georgia 7 7 $ 772 3.1% 14,233 3.3% $ 799 3.3% $ 56.2
Illinois 8 8 $ 619 2.5% 9,935 2.3% $ 646 2.6% $ 65.0
New Jersey 9 9 $ 526 2.1% 9,609 2.2% $ 581 2.4% $ 60.5
Louisiana 10 10 $ 491 2.0% 9,012 2.1% $ 397 1.6% $ 44.1
Hawaii 11 12 $ 464 1.8% 7,059 1.6% $ 261 1.1% $ 37.0
Pennsylvania 12 11 $ 463 1.8% 7,286 1.7% $ 449 1.8% $ 61.6
Colorado 13 13 $ 415 1.6% 2,823 0.6% $ 180 0.7% $ 63.9
Massachusetts 14 14 $ 388 1.5% 5,830 1.3% $ 427 1.7% $ 73.2
Indiana 15 15 $ 346 1.4% 8,473 1.9% $ 449 1.8% $ 53.0
North Carolina 16 16 $ 308 1.2% 4,650 1.1% $ 231 0.9% $ 49.8
Michigan 17 17 $ 285 1.1% 3,906 0.9% $ 228 0.9% $ 58.4
Virginia 18 21 $ 262 1.0% 3,812 0.9% $ 231 0.9% $ 60.7
Ohio 19 20 $ 255 1.0% 4,840 1.1% $ 248 1.0% $ 51.3
Arizona 20 19 $ 247 1.0% 4,188 1.0% $ 196 0.8% $ 46.7
Maryland 21 18 $ 242 1.0% 3,890 0.9% $ 223 0.9% $ 57.4
Connecticut 22 22 $ 237 0.9% 1,968 0.5% $ 175 0.7% $ 89.1
Oregon 23 23 $ 196 0.8% 5,608 1.3% $ 287 1.2% $ 51.1
Alabama 24 24 $ 195 0.8% 2,830 0.6% $ 138 0.6% $ 48.6
South Carolina 25 26 $ 178 0.7% 3,474 0.8% $ 142 0.6% $ 40.9
Missouri 26 25 $ 169 0.7% 3,812 0.9% $ 202 0.8% $ 52.9
Minnesota 27 27 $ 133 0.5% 2,522 0.6% $ 154 0.6% $ 61.0
Tennessee 28 28 $ 112 0.4% 2,038 0.5% $ 96 0.4% $ 46.9
Nevada 29 29 $ 108 0.4% 1,616 0.4% $ 76 0.3% $ 46.7
Wisconsin 30 30 $ 73 0.3% 1,260 0.3% $ 59 0.2% $ 46.7
Kentucky 31 32 $ 70 0.3% 1,589 0.4% $ 72 0.3% $ 45.1
Maine 32 31 $ 68 0.3% 1,021 0.2% $ 36 0.1% $ 35.3
Mississippi 33 37 $ 64 0.3% 824 0.2% $ 32 0.1% $ 38.8
Kansas 34 33 $ 63 0.3% 1,981 0.5% $ 98 0.4% $ 49.4
Utah 35 34 $ 60 0.2% 1,426 0.3% $ 61 0.2% $ 42.5
Oklahoma 36 35 $ 53 0.2% 1,083 0.2% $ 48 0.2% $ 43.9
Iowa 37 38 $ 49 0.2% 453 0.1% $ 19 0.1% $ 42.1
Dist. of Col. 38 36 $ 48 0.2% 297 0.1% $ 44 0.2% $148.4
Arkansas 39 39 $ 38 0.1% 732 0.2% $ 28 0.1% $ 38.7
Delaware 40 41 $ 36 0.1% 324 0.1% $ 20 0.1% $ 60.9
New Hampshire 41 40 $ 35 0.1% 395 0.1% $ 23 0.1% $ 58.2
Nebraska 42 42 $ 30 0.1% 574 0.1% $ 28 0.1% $ 49.0
Rhode Island 43 43 $ 30 0.1% 446 0.1% $ 19 0.1% $ 43.6
New Mexico 44 44 $ 20 0.1% 315 0.1% $ 16 0.1% $ 52.0
Idaho 45 45 $ 19 0.1% 357 0.1% $ 15 0.1% $ 43.1
West Virginia 46 46 $ 15 0.1% 320 0.1% $ 14 0.1% $ 43.1
Vermont 47 47 $ 14 0.1% 100 0.0% $ 6 0.0% $ 59.6
North Dakota 48 48 $ 10 0.0% 207 0.0% $ 7 0.0% $ 35.9
South Dakota 49 50 $ 8 0.0% 118 0.0% $ 4 0.0% $ 36.8
Montana 50 49 $ 8 0.0% 133 0.0% $ 6 0.0% $ 45.7
Wyoming 51 51 $ 4 0.0% 61 0.0% $ 3 0.0% $ 52.5
U. S. Total $ 25,136 436,611 $24,399 $ 55.9

Appendix I – State Impact Methodology
As described in Section I of this report, Member Cruise Lines of CLIA were asked to provide
data on aggregate domestic and international expenditures for their operating and
administrative expenses. Responses were directly obtained from 18 cruise lines. Spending for
the remaining lines were estimated from annual reports, 10K’s and other financial reporting.
These data were used to develop the estimates of the overall spending of the cruise industry
in the United States. As indicated in Section I, we estimated that the industry spent $25.1
billion on goods and services in the United States. Of this total, $12.5 billion represented
direct payments by the cruise lines to U.S. suppliers for operating and administrative goods
and services. The remaining $12.6 billion represented expenditures by passengers for air travel
and other goods and services, wage payments to the U.S. resident employees of the cruise
lines and their associations, and port-related expenses and travel agent commissions paid by
the cruise lines.
In addition to the aggregate revenue and expense data for 2019, more detailed data on vendor
purchases were previously obtained from a smaller group of cruise lines. 12 These data were
then aggregated by industry group and state and used to estimate total cruise industry
expenditures by industry. These data listed the type of commodities and services that were
purchased, as well as the location of the vendors. As a result, we were able to establish
industry- and state-specific shares for the cruise industry purchases. Using these shares, the
national direct vendor purchases for 2019 were allocated to the corresponding industries in
each state.
The $12.6 billion in core cruise travel expenditures were allocated to each state using data on
the place of residence of cruise passengers and passenger embarkations as described in
Section I of this report. During 2019, the cruise industry spent $4.4 billion for port services
and wages of their U.S.-resident employees. The $1.6 billion in wages of the employees of
the cruise lines were allocated to each state based upon state-specific employment and wage
data received from the cruise lines. The remaining $2.7 billion in U.S. port service
expenditures were allocated to each state based upon its share of U.S. passenger visits and
crew arrivals. For example, Florida, which accounted for 47 percent of total passenger visits
and crew arrivals to U.S. ports, was allocated about $1.3 billion in port service spending.
12Vendor-specific data were obtained for the following cruise lines: Carnival Cruise Lines, Royal Caribbean International,
Celebrity Cruises, Holland America Line, and Princess Cruises. These five cruise lines accounted for approximately 75
percent of the industry’s non-wage U.S. operating and administrative expenses.

The $2.5 billion in air transportation expenditures was split in half, one-half representing the
origination of air travel (sourced passengers state) and the other half representing the
destination of air travel (embarkation state). The origination half of air travel expenditures
were allocated to each state based upon its share of U.S.-sourced cruise passengers. Thus,
New Jersey, which accounted for 2.9 percent of U.S. passengers sourced from the United
States, was allocated $36 million for the origination component of air travel spending. New
Jersey also accounted for 2.5 percent of U.S. cruise embarkations and thus was allocated
another $31 million for the destination component of air travel spending. Thus, New Jersey
received a total allocation of approximately $67 million in direct air transportation
expenditures, 2.7 percent of national expenditures for air transportation generated by the
international cruise industry.
The $3.2 billion in U.S. transportation services expenditures consists of $600 million in
expenditures for passenger shore excursions and $2.6 billion for travel agent commissions
and other miscellaneous ground transportation services, such as bus service between airports.
Since these latter services are spread out through all states of the economy, the total was
allocated to each state based upon its share of U.S. passengers on a place-of-residence basis.
Thus Texas, which accounted for 9.6 percent of U.S.-resident cruise passengers, was allocated
approximately $250 million of the $2.6 billion in transportation service expenditures. The
separate allocation of the $600 million in expenditures for shore excursions is discussed
below.
Finally, the $2.6 billion in passenger and crew spending and the $600 million in passenger
shore excursion expenditures were the sum of the states, based upon each state’s
embarkations, split between overnight stays and day of cruise arrivals, estimated port-of-call
arrivals and estimated crew arrivals. Total U.S. spending for the four categories was reported
in Table 6 in Section I. When possible, survey data were used to estimate spending for each
category for each state. Passenger and crew spending estimates were based on data collected
from various research reports prepared by BREA and other researchers for the following
ports: Port Canaveral, Port Everglades, Port of Miami, Port of New Orleans, Port of New
York, Port of Tampa, Port of San Diego, Port of Los Angeles, Port of Seattle, the Ports of
Maine and Hawaii and Alaska ports-of-call. Per passenger spending estimates for the ports-
of-embarkation were used to estimate total passenger spending at each of the ports. The
average for the ports was then used to estimate total passenger spending for all other
passenger embarkations.13
13Per passenger spending estimates were segmented by passengers who stayed overnight either prior to or after a cruise
and those passengers who arrived on the day of the cruise.

For example, survey data representing the five embarkation cruise ports in Florida indicated
that 44.3 percent of embarking cruise passengers stayed one or more nights in the port city
and that these passengers spent an average of about $259 during their stay. Thus, 3.7 million
(0.443 x 8.3 million) cruise passengers were estimated to have spent $951 million on lodging,
food, entertainment, etc. in Florida during 201914. The remaining 4.6 million Florida cruise
passengers (day of cruise arrivals) spent an average of $37 per passenger for a total of $170
million. An estimated 1.2 million passengers disembarked their ships and visited Florida ports
as port-of-call or transit passengers. These passengers spent an average of $69 per visit,
resulting in total expenditures of approximately $83 million. Finally, crew who went ashore
spent an average of $104 on each call to a Florida port. An estimated 1.6 million crew
disembarked cruise ships and visited Florida during 2019 and spent $163 million. Thus, we
have estimated that passengers and crew spent approximately $1.37 billion in Florida during
2019, 42 percent of total passenger and crew spending (excluding travel) in the United States.
By comparison, passengers and crew were estimated to have spent $161 million (5 percent of
total U.S. spending by passengers and crew) in California during 2019. Approximately 36
percent, or $58 million, was spent by embarking passengers who spent one or more nights in
in the city of embarkation in California. Passengers who stayed overnight at least one night
in California spent an average of $168.
Alaska received an estimated 4.2 million cruise passenger onshore visits during 2019. This
includes approximately 221,000 passengers who either embarked or disembarked on their
cruise in Alaska. Combined, all cruise passengers spent an average of $153 per onshore visit.
Thus, we have estimated that $644 million was spent by cruise passengers visiting Alaska
ports. An estimated 728,000 onshore crew visits generated another $8.1 million. Thus, cruise
passengers and crew spent a total of $652 million in Alaska, accounting for 20 percent of total
passenger and crew spending in the United States.
Passenger and crew expenditures were allocated to the remaining states using average per
visit spending estimates from all available surveys.
Thus, the $25.1 billion in U.S. expenditures paid by the international cruise industry and its
passengers and crew were allocated among all states and the District of Columbia. The total
value of the direct spending by state is shown in Table 10 in Section II. The direct spending
data by industry in each state are shown in the individual state tables in Appendix II that
follows.
14 Financial data adjusted for inflation from year of reference

The industry direct expenditure data in each state was then converted to value-added using
national ratios of value-added to output for each industry. Using industry- and state-specific
ratios of compensation-to-value-added, implied compensation in each industry and state was
estimated for the direct expenditures. The direct employment impacts resulting from the
direct industry spending were estimated by dividing the wage compensation estimates by
industry- and state-specific annual compensation rates. All of these data were obtained from
the most recent data available from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA).
The direct employment estimates were then multiplied by the BEA employment multipliers
to generate the estimates of the total employment contribution of the cruise industry by state
and industry. Finally, the employment estimates were multiplied by average annual
compensation rates to estimate the total effect on wage compensation in each state. The total
employment and wage contribution of the international cruise industry by state and industry
are shown in Appendix II.
The estimated direct and total economic impacts at the state level were controlled to sum to
the national economic impacts on an industry-by-industry basis. Thus, the estimated state
economic impacts for direct purchases, employment and wage income sum to the national
impacts.

Appendix II – Individual State Tables

Figure 10 – Total Employment Impact of the International Cruise Industry by State – 2019
(Thousands)

Figure 11 – Total Income Impact of the International Cruise Industry by State – 2019
($ Millions)

Table 22 – Total Economic Impacts – Alabama - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ - 48 $ 4,674
Manufacturing $ 72,014 455 $ 31,323
Nondurable Goods $ 20,593 256 $ 21,595
Durable Goods $ 51,421 199 $ 9,728
Wholesale & Retail Trade $ 8,350 205 $ 9,432
Transportation $ 54,902 374 $ 17,301
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing $ 7,890 62 $ 4,764
Total $ 194,729 2,830 $ 137,660
Table 23 – Total Economic Impacts – Alaska - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 6,688 1,571 $ 271,949
Manufacturing $ 64,453 470 $ 28,920
Durable Goods $ 20,729 344 $ 19,927
Transportation $ 550,389 7,856 $ 419,266
Information Services $ 2,659 95 $ 6,518
Total $ 1,275,882 23,008 $ 1,225,911

Table 24 – Total Economic Impacts – Arizona - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 6,820 221 $ 18,188
Durable Goods $ 5,666 36 $ 1,835
Wholesale & Retail Trade $ 888 138 $ 9,431
Transportation $ 31,466 251 $ 18,154
Total $ 246,525 4,188 $ 195,770
Table 25 – Total Economic Impacts – Arkansas - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ - 10 $ 664
Manufacturing $ 5,308 90 $ 4,190
Durable Goods $ 49 62 $ 2,549
Wholesale & Retail Trade $ 11 28 $ 997
Transportation $ 8,517 45 $ 3,469
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing $ 3,112 17 $ 988
Services & Government $ 20,732 540 $ 17,873
Total $ 37,683 732 $ 28,300

Table 26 – Total Economic Impacts – California - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 545 2,082 $ 193,978
Manufacturing $ 674,806 6,170 $ 570,362
Nondurable Goods $ 431,565 4,129 $ 423,767
Durable Goods $ 243,240 2,041 $ 146,595
Transportation $ 498,079 5,699 $ 263,105
Services & Government $ 1,178,444 28,478 $ 1,652,433
Total $ 2,595,900 50,193 $ 3,317,776
Table 27 – Total Economic Impacts – Colorado - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 1 43 $ 5,853
Manufacturing $ 270,662 240 $ 26,252
Durable Goods $ 29,306 89 $ 8,856
Transportation $ 24,256 252 $ 17,306
Information Services $ 943 25 $ 2,858
Total $ 414,738 2,823 $ 180,273

Table 28 – Total Economic Impacts – Connecticut - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 120,914 381 $ 53,441
Durable Goods $ 117,233 56 $ 5,223
Total $ 236,825 1,968 $ 175,294
Table 29 – Total Economic Impacts – Delaware - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 754 18 $ 1,169
Nondurable Goods $ 521 6 $ 559
Durable Goods $ 233 12 $ 610
Information Services $ - 1 $ 111
Total $ 36,164 324 $ 19,724

Table 30 – Total Economic Impacts – District of Columbia - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 27 1 $ 130
Total $ 47,968 297 $ 44,065
Table 31 – Total Economic Impacts – Florida – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 2,139,070 11,709 $ 848,999
Nondurable Goods $ 1,024,845 8,124 $ 603,672
Durable Goods $ 1,114,225 3,584 $ 245,327
Transportation $ 3,004,188 35,363 $ 1,815,748
Information Services $ 109,715 1,751 $ 146,841
Services & Government $ 3,271,475 87,645 $ 3,843,121
Total $ 9,043,090 158,992 $ 8,063,334

Table 32 – Total Economic Impacts – Georgia - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 201,050 1,720 $ 120,771
Durable Goods $ 108,179 681 $ 44,408
Transportation $ 157,777 1,665 $ 83,034
Total $ 771,653 14,233 $ 799,265
Table 33 – Total Economic Impacts – Hawaii - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 27,279 113 $ 6,228
Durable Goods $ 7,234 63 $ 2,659
Transportation $ 232,442 2,515 $ 72,542
Total $ 464,213 7,059 $ 261,021

Table 34 – Total Economic Impacts – Idaho - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 18,938 357 $ 15,375
Table 35 – Total Economic Impacts – Illinois - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 226,358 1,920 $ 168,734
Durable Goods $ 124,890 603 $ 48,983
Transportation $ 37,922 810 $ 47,247
Total $ 619,124 9,935 $ 645,572

Table 36 – Total Economic Impacts – Indiana - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 7,515 1,100 $ 80,514
Durable Goods $ 2,670 316 $ 19,887
Transportation $ 17,324 318 $ 19,349
Total $ 345,811 8,473 $ 449,070
Table 37 – Total Economic Impacts – Iowa - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 48,852 453 $ 19,052

Table 38 – Total Economic Impacts – Kansas - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 5,465 257 $ 15,845
Durable Goods $ 2,933 104 $ 5,221
Transportation $ 26,843 471 $ 27,392
Total $ 63,227 1,981 $ 97,873
Table 39 – Total Economic Impacts – Kentucky - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 12,545 152 $ 9,256
Total $ 69,699 1,589 $ 71,708

Table 40 – Total Economic Impacts – Louisiana - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 68,542 628 $ 54,590
Durable Goods $ 44,981 288 $ 29,588
Transportation $ 129,421 1,840 $ 62,035
Total $ 491,217 9,012 $ 397,247
Table 41 – Total Economic Impacts – Maine - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 18,902 117 $ 6,918
Durable Goods $ 17,609 41 $ 2,403
Total $ 67,564 1,021 $ 36,021

Table 42 – Total Economic Impacts – Maryland - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 45,281 249 $ 20,278
Durable Goods $ 20,071 122 $ 7,131
Transportation $ 55,165 467 $ 22,549
Total $ 242,212 3,890 $ 223,094
Table 43 – Total Economic Impacts – Massachusetts - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 54,079 448 $ 45,544
Durable Goods $ 40,499 147 $ 9,964
Transportation $ 44,989 493 $ 20,688
Total $ 388,057 5,830 $ 426,662

Table 44 – Total Economic Impacts – Michigan - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 87,684 527 $ 39,645
Durable Goods $ 18,103 216 $ 13,511
Transportation $ 28,725 145 $ 12,914
Total $ 284,813 3,906 $ 228,143
Table 45 – Total Economic Impacts – Minnesota - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 22,161 288 $ 22,108
Durable Goods $ 5,579 124 $ 7,704
Total $ 133,117 2,522 $ 153,722

Table 46 – Total Economic Impacts – Mississippi – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 31,923 163 $ 9,460
Durable Goods $ 30,126 42 $ 1,569
Total $ 63,527 824 $ 31,977
Table 47 – Total Economic Impacts – Missouri - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 23,982 374 $ 23,381
Durable Goods $ 11,098 167 $ 8,893
Transportation $ 20,796 183 $ 11,471
Total $ 169,431 3,812 $ 201,792

Table 48 – Total Economic Impacts – Montana - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Transportation $ 1,310 8 $ 525
Total $ 7,627 133 $ 6,075
Table 49 – Total Economic Impacts – Nebraska - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 30,315 574 $ 28,107

Table 50 – Total Economic Impacts – Nevada - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 25,282 182 $ 13,780
Durable Goods $ 21,376 25 $ 1,094
Total $ 108,176 1,616 $ 75,521
Table 51 – Total Economic Impacts – New Hampshire - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 10,244 58 $ 4,002
Total $ 35,043 395 $ 22,984

Table 52 – Total Economic Impacts – New Jersey - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 75,849 645 $ 58,998
Durable Goods $ 32,807 285 $ 26,686
Transportation $ 144,880 1,353 $ 66,554
Total $ 525,513 9,609 $ 581,215
Table 53 – Total Economic Impacts – New Mexico - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 20,276 315 $ 16,378

Table 54 – Total Economic Impacts – New York - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 1,247 303 $ 33,961
Manufacturing $ 146,530 1,246 $ 107,600
Durable Goods $ 68,488 491 $ 36,410
Transportation $ 159,588 1,970 $ 73,799
Total $ 1,309,268 17,366 $ 1,157,124
Table 55 – Total Economic Impacts – North Carolina – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 94,598 628 $ 39,438
Durable Goods $ 16,510 331 $ 18,001
Transportation $ 46,038 250 $ 15,877
Total $ 308,048 4,650 $ 231,500

Table 56 – Total Economic Impacts – North Dakota - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 9,621 207 $ 7,439
Table 57 – Total Economic Impacts – Ohio - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 49,079 635 $ 48,243
Durable Goods $ 38,339 182 $ 11,115
Transportation $ 33,031 193 $ 14,031
Total $ 255,142 4,840 $ 248,056

Table 58 – Total Economic Impacts – Oklahoma - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 52,586 1,083 $ 47,580
Table 59 – Total Economic Impacts – Oregon - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 22,590 645 $ 48,064
Durable Goods $ 15,586 183 $ 9,392
Transportation $ 43,000 1,408 $ 69,060
Total $ 195,917 5,608 $ 286,843

Table 60 – Total Economic Impacts – Pennsylvania - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 174,011 1,402 $ 106,238
Durable Goods $ 132,369 383 $ 26,269
Transportation $ 62,217 752 $ 42,837
Total $ 462,760 7,286 $ 449,146
Table 61 – Total Economic Impacts – Rhode Island - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Nondurable Goods $ 218 20 $ 1,348
Total $ 29,544 446 $ 19,431

Table 62 – Total Economic Impacts – South Carolina - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 36,658 407 $ 25,246
Durable Goods $ 25,698 173 $ 9,464
Transportation $ 63,692 568 $ 24,685
Total $ 178,254 3,474 $ 142,177
Table 63 – Total Economic Impacts – South Dakota - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 7,786 118 $ 4,343

Table 64 – Total Economic Impacts – Tennessee - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 7,861 201 $ 12,268
Durable Goods $ 917 102 $ 5,650
Transportation $ 25,095 143 $ 10,062
Total $ 112,396 2,038 $ 95,650
Table 65 – Total Economic Impacts – Texas – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 526,089 3,008 $ 275,551
Durable Goods $ 210,640 899 $ 82,948
Transportation $ 276,001 4,087 $ 227,894
Total $ 1,609,511 26,872 $ 1,815,313

Table 66 – Total Economic Impacts – Utah - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Information Services $ 1,148 11 $ 794
Total $ 60,284 1,426 $ 60,599
Table 67 – Total Economic Impacts – Vermont – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Total $ 13,983 100 $ 5,959

Table 68 – Total Economic Impacts – Virginia - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 92,477 338 $ 27,170
Durable Goods $ 78,710 108 $ 5,613
Transportation $ 36,154 219 $ 13,511
Total $ 261,845 3,812 $ 231,484
Table 69 – Total Economic Impacts – Washington – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 1,959 927 $ 50,814
Manufacturing $ 248,192 2,371 $ 210,498
Durable Goods $ 197,048 706 $ 53,457
Transportation $ 382,213 4,374 $ 283,114
Total $ 1,079,415 22,750 $ 1,344,860

Table 70 – Total Economic Impacts – West Virginia – 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Durable Goods $ - 6 $ 418
Wholesale & Retail Trade $ - 14 $ 468
Total $ 15,182 320 $ 13,784
Table 71 – Total Economic Impacts – Wisconsin - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Manufacturing $ 8,002 179 $ 12,188
Durable Goods $ 2,653 75 $ 4,074
Total $ 72,597 1,260 $ 58,783

Table 72 – Total Economic Impacts – Wyoming - 2019
Direct
Total Total Wages
Sector Purchases
Employment ($1,000)
($1,000)
Durable Goods $ - 1 $ 55
Transportation $ 878 7 $ 467
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate & Leasing $ 570 3 $ 171
Total $ 4,252 61 $ 3,203

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The Economic Contribution

of the International Cruise

Cruise Lines International Association

Business Research & Economic Advisors

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 2

SECTION I: IMPACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRUISE INDUSTRY ON

SECTION II: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CRUISE INDUSTRY TO THE

APPENDIX I – STATE IMPACT METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 63

Business Research and Economic Advisors Page 1 November 2020

The Contribution of the International Cruise Industry to the United

Business Research and Economic Advisors Page 2 November 2020

Change from Previous Period

Direct Economic Impacts

Business Research and Economic Advisors Page 3 November 2020

Core Cruise Travel Sector $ 12,635 127,865 $ 5,470

Cruise Industry Suppliers $ 12,501 50,239 $ 3,276

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Agriculture, Mining, Utilities & Construction $ 5,045 7,207 $ 618

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Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors.

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Trends: 2010 – 2019

11.33 11.06 11.50 11.66

Passengers Sourced from the U.S. U.S. Embarkations

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Direct Economic Impacts

2 These figures are not adjusted for inflation.

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$60.00 $55.46 440,000

Total Output Total Jobs

Source: Business Research & Economic Advisors

The Contribution of the International Cruise Industry to Individual

 cruise lines’ headquarters and other facilities;

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Business Research and Economic Advisors Page 10 November 2020

Source: U.S. Cruise Ports

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Source: Business Research and Economic Advisors

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Section I: Impact of the International Cruise Industry on the U.S.

U.S. Cruise Passengers

Table 1 – U.S. Embarkations of the International Cruise Industry, 2010 – 2019

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Embarkations in Seattle increased by nearly 9 percent in 2019 to 596,000.

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Figure 1 - Distribution of U.S. Embarkations – 2019

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

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South Atlantic 32%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

3The definitions of the nine census divisions are as follows:

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Spending in the U.S. Economy Generated by the Cruise Industry

Table 3 – Operating and Administrative Expense Categories

Operating Expenses Administrative Expenses

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Business Research and Economic Advisors Page 20 November 2020