CENG6506: Matrix Methods of

Structural Analysis

Example on Frame

Dr. Tesfaye Alemu

 Example 3: Frame Members
Determine the reactions and the member end forces for the frame
shown below by using the matrix stiffness method.

Frame structure
Degrees of Freedom

From the analytical model of the beam shown below, we

observe that the frame has three degrees of freedom:
translations and in the and directions,
respectively, and rotation of joint 2.

Analytical Model
 Member 1
Stiffness matrix is given by equation

 A −A 
 L 0 0 0 0 
L
 12 I 6I − 12 I 6I 
 0 0 
 L3 L2 L3 2
L 
 0 6I 4I − 6I 2I 
0
[k ] = E  − A L2 L
A
L2 L .................Eqn(1)

 0 0 0 0 
 L L 
 0 − 12 I − 6I 12 I − 6I 
0
 L3 L2 L3 L2 
 6I 2I − 6I 4I 
 0 0 
 L2 L L2 L 
 By substituting = 29,000(12) , = 800/(12) ,
= 16/(12) , and = 30 ft into Eq. (1),

 0 0 0 1 2 3
0
 15, 466.67 0 0 − 15, 466.67 0 0 
 0 71.6 1,074.07 0 − 71.6 1,074.07  0
 0
K1 = k1 =  0 1,074.07 21,481.48 0 − 1,074.07 10,740.74 
− 15,466.67 0 0 15,466.67 0 0 1
 2
 0 − 71.6 − 1,074.07 0 71.6 − 1,074.07
 0 1,074.07 10,740.74 0 − 1,074.07 21,481.48  3

 Fixed End Moments and Shear

Fixed‐end moments due to the 2‐k/ft load are

2(30)
!" = #!"$ = = 150
12

By applying equilibrium equations to the free body of the

member, Fixed‐end shear due to the 2‐k/ft load are
!"& = !"' = 30
 0 
 30 
 
 150 
Ff 1 = Q f 1 =  
 0 
 30 
 
− 150
 Member 2

By substituting = 29,000(12) , = 800/(12) ,

= 16/(12) , and = 30 ft into Eq. (1),

 
 13,920 0 0 − 13,920 0 0 
 0 61.87 773.33 0 − 61.87 773.33 
 
k2 =  0 773 . 33 12 ,888 .89 0 − 773 .33 6, 444.44 
− 13,920 0 0 13,920 0 0 
 
 0 − 61.87 − 773.33 0 61.87 − 773.33 
 0 773 . 33 6, 444. 44 0 − 773 .33 12 ,888 . 89 
 

k2 is stiffness matrix in local coordinate axis

 Fixed End Moments and Shear

Since member 2 is not subjected to any external loads,

!"& = 0

Coordinate Transformation

By using the global coordinates of the beginning joint 3 and

the end joint 2, determine the direction cosines of member 2
as

# 30 # 45
cos + = = = #0.6
25
# 0 # (#20)
sin + = = = 0.8
25
  Cosθ Sinθ 0 0 0 0
− Sinθ Cosθ 0 0 0 0

 0 0 1 0 0 0
T = 
 0 0 0 Cosθ Sinθ 0
 0 0 0 − Sinθ Cosθ 0
 
 0 0 0 0 0 1

− 0.6 0.8 0 0 0 0
− 0.8 − 0.6 0 0 0 0

 0 0 1 0 0 0
T2 =  
 0 0 0 − 0.6 0.8 0
 0 0 0 − 0.8 − 0.6 0
 
 0 0 0 0 0 1
Let us use coordinate transformation to evaluate stiffness
matrix in global coordinate axis

K 2 = T k 2T2
2
T

 0 0 0 1 2 3
0
 5, 050 .8 − 6,651 .9 − 618 .67 − 5, 050 .8 6,651 . 9 − 618 . 67 
− 6,651.9 8,931.07 − 464 6,651.9 − 8,931.07 − 464  0
 0
K2 =  − 618 . 67 − 464 12 ,888 . 89 618 . 67 464 6, 444 . 44 
 − 5,050.8 6,651.9 618.67 5,050.8 − 6,651.9 618.67  1
 2
 6,651.9 − 8,931.07 464 − 6,651.9 8,931.07 464 
 − 618.67 − 464 6,444.44 618.67 464 12,888.89 3

 Assembly
Let us assemble global structure stiffness matrix S
S = K1 + K 2
 1 2 3 
15,466.67 + 5,050.8 − 6,651.9 618.67 1
 
S= − 6,651.9 71.6 + 8,931.07 − 1,074.07 + 464  2
 618.67 − 1,074.07 + 464 21,481.48 + 12,888.89 3
 
 

 1 2 3 
20,517.47 − 6,651.9 618.67  1
 
S =  − 6,651.9 9002.67 − 610.07  2
 618.67 − 610.07 34,370.37 3
 
 
 Joint Load Vector
By inspecting given frame structure, joint load vector P
0
 
P=0
75
 

Joint Displacements
Using the relation
0 # 0" = 1

0 0 20,517.47 #6,653. 9 618.67

0 # 30 = #6,651.9 9,002.67 #610.07
75 #150 618.67 #610.07 34,370.37
 0 20,517.47 #6,651.9 638.67
#30 = #6,651.9 9,002.67 #610.07
225 638.67 #610.07 34,370.37

By solving these equations simultaneously, joint

displacements are
#0.00149
= #0. 40399
0.0065 56
 Member End Displacements and End Forces

Member 1
By substituting , !"7 , and 8 in the member stiffness
relationship ! = 8 9 !" , determine the member end forces

 v1  0  0   0   23.05k 
v  0  0     37.27k 
 2    0   
v3  0  0   0   224.1kft 
u1 =   =   =   F1 = Q1 =  
v
 4 1 d
 1  − 0. 00149 ft   − 23 .05k 
v5  2 d 2  − 0.00399 ft   22.73k 
       
v6  3  d 3   0.0065rad  − 6.08kft 
 Member End Displacements and End Forces

Member 2
By substituting : , ; , and <" = 0 into the member stiffness
relationship in global coordinates, < = :; 9 <" , determine
the member end forces in global coordinates to be

 v1  0  0   0  − 23.05k 
v  0  0     22.71k 
 2    0   
v3  0  0   0   39.12kft 
u2 =   =   =   F2 =  
v
 4 1 d
 1  − 0. 00149 ft   23. 04 k 
v5  2 d 2  − 0.00399 ft   − 22.71k 
       
v6  3  d 3   0.0065rad   81kft 
The member end forces in local coordinates can now be
evaluated by substituting < and = into the relationship
! = =<

 31.99k 
 4.81k 
 
 39.12kft 
Q2 =  
 − 31 .99 k 
 − 4.81k 
 
 81kft 
 Support Reactions

Use joint equilibrium to evaluate support reactions,

23.05 #23.04
> = 37.27 > = 22.71
224.1 ‐ ? 39.121@‐