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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views9 pagesWriting Reference
Uploaded by
Nayara María Marrero PérezCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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How to do a writing task
A Get ideas
© Read the task carefully and identify what kind of,
text you need to write. For example, an informal
email, a review, etc
© Make notes of any key ideas. Don’t write full
sentences.
© Ifyou can't think of many ideas straight away, don't
panic! Remember, there are no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’
answers. You will get marks for the way you
organize and express your ideas.
B Plan
© Choose the best ideas from your notes.
© Think about useful language to include.
‘© Organize your ideas into a paragraph plan. Always,
include a clear beginning and end. For example:
Eosny: ls homework necessary? Discuss.
Paragraph |_| Introduction: ‘most studerie do
it - many disie!
Paragraph 2 | Arguments for [helps you to
remember info
ood way of
testing progress
Paragraph 3 | Arguments can take a lot of
against ime
extra sess for
students
Paragraph 4 | Conclusion and | not Yoo much
personal opinion | overall, good idea
C Write
«© Use your paragraph plan as a guide.
‘© Use linkers to create longer sentences.
© Use a variety of language, including different tenses
and grammatical structures as well as vocabulary.
D Check
Read your composition carefully afterwards.
‘© Have you fully answered the task?
© Have you used the right number of words (if you've
been given a word count)?
« Is your composition easy to read and logically
organized?
‘= Have you avoided repetition where possible?
‘© Do your grammar, vocabulary, spelling,
punctuation and word order seem correct?
Correct your composition and write it again, if necessary.
Common errors to avoid
She has blues eyes.
He had a white dog white
Id like to be a doctor / lawyer.
1 go to the school every day.
He left the work late
he Money doesn't bring happiness.
Hers eyes are blue. Her
Fhis questions are hard. These
‘Allthe-daysrare like this. Every day is
cD
He eans swim. can
| must to go.
You can leave if you like.
You mustn't te go in. It isn’t allowed!
I didn’t see nobody. anyone
I net saw nobody.
We listened to the news.
He entered inte the room.
Venue ane o
| waited te her for hours. for
It depends of the weather. on
Capital letters
(days) Monday, (months) January, (languages /
nationalities) French
Commas
He seid-hewasserong: He said he was wrong.
Hb g0-f-yourtke: Il go if you like.
Fenjoyed:-the film; itwas-very-exeiting: | enjoyed the film;
it was very exciting.
Apostrophes
it’s /its?
Its name is Fifi.
who's / whose?
Someone who's (= who is) rich.
Someone who's (= who has) got a rich daughter.
Someone whose daughter is rich.
Verbs ending in -e: to bake > bekeing baking /to make >
makeing making / to take > takeing taking
to come > comeing coming / to write > weriteing writing
Single / double consonants: (double) to begin >
beginning beginning / to plan > planing planning /
95 to stop > stoping stopping Interrogative and relative pronouns: Wich? Which? /
(single) to bring > bringing bringing / to open > ‘Wat? What? / Were? Where?
‘penning opening / to read > reading reading
Words ending in -y: (keep y) to carry > earrieing carrying dont think so.
De iagec rene conyins / to study > shidicing, Torsmoke isbadt-for you: Smoking is bad for you.
studying Hhaveseventeer-years: snteen
(change to i) to tly > As fes /to ry > tys tres /happy SHeasiece sheclackys Oe *
> happyer happier / heavy > heavyer heavier ‘When-Hwas-a-teenagerHvas having motorbike: When I
Words containing ~ie: Do you beteive me? believe sia 2 teenager | hada motorbike
They have lived in
: London since 2012.
Useful linkers
To begin a sentence: Also... » As well as
(ormal * Moreover... » Furthermore, ... + In addition (to this)... « What is more, ..
To join words / clauses: ... and (also)... * ... a well as .., * (formal). in addition to
To end a sentence or clause: ....100. *...aswell,
To begin a sentence: One (disjadvantage is... * Another (disjadvantage is (that) ... » Another argument for / against ..
However... Nevertheless... Nonetheless... * On the one hand, .....» On the other hand, ... * Although / Though / Even
though (clause, (clase). + Despite In spite ofthe fact that (clause) (clause), » Despite/ Insite of ing, cause
but... ©... yet... * although / though / even though / despite /in spite of...
To end a sentence or clause: ..., though. a
To begin a sentence: Therefore, .. » Asa result, » Asa consequence,
‘as a consequence. * ... as a result
50 (+ adjective) that... * ... such (a / an) (+ adjective) + noun) that
[To begin a sentence: In order that. der to /To (+ infinitive)
To join words / clauses: so (that)
To end a sentence or clause: ... for that purpose.
in order that ... der to / to (+ infinitive)
Firstly, ... + First of all,... * Secondly, ... + Next, ... * Thirdly,
To begin a sentence: Before (+ clause / noun /
Inthe end, ... * Eventually... * Finally... * Afterwards, ... + After (+ Clause / noun /-ing)
To join clauses: .. before
To end a sentence or clause: @a personal profile
In a personal profile you write about yourself (/ am... ) or another person (he
/ she is... ). For example you might include details of a person’s appearance,
personality or interests.
Example task: Write a profile of an important person in your life.
Why is this person special to you?
A Get ideas
* Think of three or four key topics you want to talk about.
For example: appearance, personality, interests, wi ths person
is special
'* Brainstorm ideas for
each topic. For example:
friendly smile
fashionable.
B Plan
* Choose the best ideas from your notes
‘+ Organize your ideas into a paragraph plan. Always include a clear
beginning and end. For example:
Paragraph 1 | Introduction — basic details
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4)
‘Appearance and personality
Interests and lifestyle
‘Summing up; a personal comment
C Write
Duane Edison is my cousin, and my friend, t60.
use linkers to avoid
We're both sixteen, and we've got lots in common.
too many short
sentences (UIBISREUREEV for me, he lives in the USA, 66 I don't
semen ehh very
frequency, manner Duane WAYS wears IESHIGABIE clothes, but he
and intensity BAI 'ooks (FUR EERIE! However, the main
: thing you notice about Duane is his big, friendly
wsemodifiers smile. Hes 2 very EIN person.
(RBG) Ouane's FAI into Footbal, although he
calls it’soccer: We als0 [GBI love computer games,
and GGUIEY play together on the internet. (RATE
‘moment, we're playing World of Warcraft. Last week
‘Duane saved my life online, anyway!
make comparisons
give examples and
add details
|Evenithough we're living thousands of kilometres
apart right now, Duane is probably my best friend.
sive reasons for
your personal
personal profiles
Use the present simple for descriptions, the present continuous for
events or situations happening now, and the past simple for
memories.
¥ Use a range of vocabulary, including different adjectives, adverbs,
and verbs (not just be, have and like).
¥ Only give information that you think the reader will find interesting.
Don't try to describe every detail
Useful language
Describing appearance
The first / main thing you notice
about ... is
My / His / Her best / most striking
feature is
ook{s) / seem(s) (mysterious, ete.)
~~. Look{s) like (a model, me, etc.)
(1 etc.) take after (my mother, etc.)
Describing personality
s+ quite a /a really / not really a
(funny, sporty, etc.) person.
For example, (e.g, yesterday he
Most of the time, ... (be) ..., but
sometimes...
At first, ... seem(s) ..., but when you
get to know ... better, you realize
that ..
Memories
| remember (the time when) ...
"ll never forget (the time when) .
One of my favourite memories is
When ... was a child / at school.
Comparisons
.. (funnier / more intelligent / worse
at dancing, etc.) than ...
-. (not) as (funny / intelligent / good
at dancing, etc.) as ..
(quite / really) similar to / diferent
from/to ...
.. very similar / completely different.
We've got lots / haven't got much in
‘common.
Like me, / Unlike me, ..
Likes and dislikes
(really) into (+ -ing / noun)
v.. interested in / keen on / addicted
to/ obsessed with / passionate
about ...
.. would rather (+ inf.) than (+ inf.)
spend(s) most of my/his/her time
(ing)
My / His / Her favourite (sport, etc.)
Opinions of a person
is (a) very special / important
(person) to me because ...
eel very close to... because ...
.. is one of the (kindest, most
interesting, etc.) people I've ever met.
.. is someone who ...
What | admire / like most about...
ies 38
a A narrative
In a narrative you describe a past event or tell a story.
Example task: Write a short story with the title ‘The time we first met!
A Get ideas
* Think of an event or story to write about. Remember, it doesn’t have to
be true.
*# Make notes to answer these questions
What happened? When did it happen?
Where did it happen? Who did it happen to?
How did people feel? What happened afterwards?
B Plan
* Put your ideas in order. What happened first / next in the end?
* Organize your ideas into paragraphs. For example:
Paragraph |__| Introduction tothe story
Paragraphs 2-3 | The main events
Final paragraphs | What happened afterwards
C Write
ve an interesting
Decinning | SAORI] through the park, and I wasn't looking
where Iwas going.
use different
anative tenses !Was running because I was trying to find my dog,
Harry. He\GIBRRl a rabbit and chased after it, but he
describe feelings never fi back!
Has events
sewretissevents amazingly, instead of being BRB with me, Ellie
use time was extremely SRBSSRRGHS. MABE "