Crimson Publishers Mini Review

Wings to the Research

The Application of Water-Saving Agrotechnics

and Technologies is the Foundation of Water
Security
Sh S Shahmaliyeva*
ISSN: 2637-7659 Scientific and Production Association of Hydraulic Engineering, Russia

Abstract
The article is devoted to the current state of infrastructure in the water farm system, the main problems,
water losses and measures to struggle against them, and at the same time, the application of water-saving
technologies in order to utilize irrigation water more efficiently.
Keywords: Irrigation; Global climate changes; Water losses; Water farms; Irrigation technologies;
Leveling

Introduction
The main problems of the current state of the irrigation infrastructure. The irrigation
and amelioration network in Azerbaijan was created mainly due to the expansion of irrigated
*Corresponding author: Sh S
Shahmaliyeva, Scientific and Production areas for the purpose of fulfilling five-year mandatory government plans for the production of
Association of Hydraulic Engineering, agricultural products in the former Soviet Union during the last hundred years.
Russia
In that period, the necessity of including the land in the agricultural cycle in a short period
Submission: October 28, 2022 of time and supplying the areas involved in the agricultural cycle with water in a quick time,
Published: February 03, 2023 irrigation networks were built in the land channel, being mainly open structures. As well as
the low level of operation and maintenance of the concrete-lined canals built at that time and
Volume 12 - Issue 2
the fact that they were used for a long time led to their rapid failure.
How to cite this article: Sh S
Shahmaliyeva. The Application of Water- After the land reforms, 80-85% of the approximately 1,432 thousand hectares of irrigated
Saving Agrotechnics and Technologies is land areas of the republic were given to private property. More than 90% of privately owned
the Foundation of Water Security. Mod land in the republic is irrigated by the traditional method (surface method). In order to provide
Concep Dev Agrono. 12(2). MCDA. 000784.
water to irrigated areas, 51702km of irrigation network was built and put into use.
2023.
DOI: 10.31031/MCDA.2023.12.000784 Currently, the current state of irrigation systems and facilities can ensure the delivery of
Copyright@ Sh S Shahmaliyeva. This
the required water to the field. However, they do not meet today’s requirements because of
article is distributed under the terms of the expansion of the irrigated areas from year to year, the repair and restoration of the intra-
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 farm network and bringing it into full working condition, and its physically attrition due to
International License, which permits being in use for more than 50 years. On the other hand, 1.1 million hectares of privately owned
unrestricted use and redistribution
provided that the original author and
irrigated land needs to be leveled in advance using automated leveling aggregate with laser
source are credited. devices that meet modern requirements.

On the background of global climate changes, a strong decline of surface water in the water
management balance is expected in the near future. Groundwater can be used to overcome
this deficiency. At the same time, alternative water sources (Caspian Sea, collector-drainage
and wastewater) can be used in the conditions of water shortage.

The main requirement of the modern era is to comply a more efficient use of existing
water resources taking into account the uneven distribution of underground and surface
water resources in the irrigated areas of the republic and the wide range change of natural

Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy 1183

 MCDA.000784. 12(2).2023 1184

moisture potential (atmospheric precipitation to evaporation ratio The most modern technologies are applied in the agricultural
R = 0.19-1.65). parks with large farms of the republic, besides modern irrigation
technologies, pivot irrigation systems are installed, agricultural
Water losses occurring in the irrigation network. Changes in
products are produced on modern innovation and scientific bases.
the natural environment due to global climate changes in the world
Agricultural parks are an innovative and convenient mechanism
primarily affect water resources. According to information from
for efficient use of land areas and water resources, increasing
International Organizations, the reduction of freshwater resources
productivity, creating new production and processing areas, and
will cause certain difficulties in the near future. We should consider
applying modern irrigation systems. In this direction, Azerbaijan
that the Republic of Azerbaijan is among the countries with low
Amelioration SRI has conducted long-term scientific research
water resources, and approximately 70% of the water resources in
works, positive results have been obtained and recommendations
the territory are formed outside the country, and 30% within the
have been prepared.
country.
In 1975-1980 and then SIA of Azerbaijan Hydrotechnics and
The main water use in the world is agriculture, and it takes 90-
Amelioration conducted extensive scientific research works in the
95% of the water used directly from rivers and reservoirs built for
direction of drip irrigation of orchards in the foothills of the republic,
the purpose of regulating river water. The delivery of water taken
and positive results were obtained [4]. At present, drip irrigation is
from the water source to the irrigated areas is carried out by canals
widely used by “Azersun Holding” company of Bilasuvar district of
(highway, inter-farm and intra-farm) and aqueduct.
the republic, by “AGLAY LLC” company on the territory of 400 ha
Water losses during water transportation are of great economic of Guba district, in Saatli, Ismayilli, Shamakhi and Absheron in the
and ecological importance in the face of global climate changes and irrigation of olive groves. Based on the conducted research, it was
water scarcity. determined that the irrigation process is fully automated, irrigation
water is saved by 50-70% compared to the surface method, and the
Practically, the total water losses occurring in the system are
coefficient of land use is equal to 0.94-0.96 [5].
divided into three parts and observed in the following rate: filtration
-70-75%, evaporation 3-5%, and technical losses are 20-25%. Larger farms typically get American-made Valley sprinkler
apparatus. Due to the high selling price, small farms cannot buy
The first main cause of water losses is the supply of water
them. For the purpose of more efficient use of irrigation water, in
to irrigated areas and in modern farming conditions, the main
recent years, in different soil and climatic conditions of Kura-Araz
problems of irrigation of agricultural crops are the prevention of
agro-climatic region, large farms (in Bilasuvar, Yevlakh, Salyan,
water losses in irrigation canals and irrigated areas [1].
Imishli and other regions) and in Gabala region have used “VALLEY”
The conducted analyzes show that if all underground channels artificial sprinkler apparatus manufactured by the USA. On the
are replaced by concrete channels on the background of global basis of the conducted research, it was determined that water loss
climate changes, water losses will be partially prevented, but it is reduced by 40-50% and is approximately 15-17% by using in
will not be possible to use water resources efficiently. In order to the irrigation of many agricultural crops (cotton, barley, perennial
use water resources more efficiently, the following issues should grass, wheat, clover, etc.) under any relief conditions [6].
be reflected. First of all, it is quite important to carry out laser
During 2018-2021, intensive fruit orchards with a total area of
leveling works (micro and macro) for the purpose of efficient use
more than 7,600 hectares were planted in the agricultural parks of
of water in irrigated small farms (share lands). After this process,
the Republic of Azerbaijan, from which 17,000 tons of apples, 921
the elements of traditional method (furrow, strip and planting)
tons of olives, 960 tons of almonds, 934.7 tons of pomegranates,
irrigation technique recommended by the Azerbaijan Amelioration
1,356 tons of grapes, 715 tons of peaches, 368 tons of pears, etc.
SRI based on the results of long-term scientific research should be
collected in 2021. Generally, more than 23,255 tons of fruit were
properly followed. In this case, the level of water losses that may
obtained from orchards in 2021.
occur in the field can be minimized.
It is possible to obtain a stable and guaranteed product from
In order to reduce water losses to the minimum level in
agricultural plants by involving the appropriate fields of science
small share lands, where the most water losses are allowed, it
and technology aimed at the efficiency of the use of water resources
is appropriate to use modern types of sprinkler apparatus and
[7,8].
synchronous impulse machines, depending on the size of the
share lands [2]. For more efficient use of irrigation water and soil The technique and technology of irrigation has a decisive
resources in irrigated areas, small share landowners should achieve influence on the quality of soil water regime management, the
the creation of large farms (cooperatives) by integrating them on productivity of agricultural plants, as well as the efficient use of
the basis of voluntary principles and applying modern irrigation soil-water-air, material-technical and energy resources, and the
techniques and technologies in these areas [3]. This will make it ecological state of the environment. By changing the water content
possible to properly regulate the water inside the farm and, as a of the growing environment, it is possible to regulate the water
result, to follow the irrigation regimes at any time. regime of the plant, thereby controlling the productivity process,

Mod Concep Dev Agrono Copyright © Sh S Shahmaliyeva

 MCDA.000784. 12(2).2023 1185

as well as shaping the product. The installation of modern rain- 3. Aidarov IP (2008) Problems of land reclamation and water use.
making equipment in the republic brings out the necessity of Environmental Engineering 2: 5-19.

adapting them to the soil-water-climate conditions of the region, 4. Ahmadzade AC Hashimov AC (2016) Encyclopedia “Amelioration and
which provides a basis for conducting scientific-research works Water Farm, Radus, Baku, Azerbaijan, p. 632.
and developing recommendations on watering agricultural plants 5. (1973) Recommendations on the utilisation of drainage, leaching and
with modern irrigation techniques. leached soil in the zones of the Kur-Araz plain of the Azerbaijan SSR.
“Communist” Publishing House, Baku, Azerbaijan, p. 31.
References 6. Mammadov GS (2007) Socio-economic and ecological bases of effective
1. Kundius VV (2010) Efficiency of water and land resources using in usage of Azerbaijan’s land resources. Elm, Baku, Azerbaijan, pp. 1-856.
Russian agriculture. Nature Management 3: 123-126.
7. Shikhlinsky EM (1991) Climate map of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan.
2. Olgarenko GV. Resource-saving energy-efficient environmentally
8. Improvement of water productivity at field level “Tashkent-2012 (WPI),
safe technologies and technical means of irrigation, Spravochnik,
pp. 23-53.
Rosinformagrotekh, 263 Art, Moscow, Russia.

Mod Concep Dev Agrono Copyright © Sh S Shahmaliyeva