Impact of Parental Occupation in Choosing Accountancy Degree

Program Among Far Eastern University- Manila Freshmen Students of

S.Y. 2022-2023

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the

Undergraduates Studies Department
Institute of Accounts, Business, and Finance
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY, MANILA

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

Abucejo, Mariella V.
Cerrero, Dezerie Rose V.
De Guzman, Stephen Nicole E.
Ganaden, Eirish Kyle N.
Mercado, Sandra R.
Racelis, Danielle Clarisse C.
Timpoc, Ferolyn S.
Villarico, Criselle A.
Yungco, Mark Genesis E.

NOVEMBER 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled “IMPACT OF PARENTAL OCCUPATION IN

CHOOSING ACCOUNTANCY DEGREE PROGRAM AMONG FAR
EASTERN UNIVERSITY- MANILA FRESHMEN STUDENTS OF S.Y. 2022-
2023,” prepared and submitted ABUCEJO, MARIELLA V., CERRERO,
DEZERIE ROSE V., DE GUZMAN, STEPHEN NICOLE D., GANADEN,
EIRISH KYLE N., MERCADO, SANDRA R., RACELIS, DANIELLE
CLARISSE C., TIMPOC, FEROLYN S., VILLARICO, CRISELLE A., and
YUNGCO, MARK GENESIS E. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
course ACCOUNTANCY RESEARCH, has been examined and is recommended
for Oral Examination.

____________________________________
Mr. CLARK JOED C. OTUCAN, CPA
Thesis Adviser

This thesis which was presented to the Panel for Oral Examination on November 29, 2022, is
hereby accepted.

Panel Name Panel Name

Member Member

Name
Chairperson

Approved in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in
Accountancy

________________________________________
MR. RAMIL N. BALDRES, CPA, MBA, CIA, CFMP
Program Head

__________________________________________________
MR. EARL JOSEPH M. BORGOÑA, CPA, MBA, LLB, CFMP
OIC- Dean

i
 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

We, the authors of this thesis entitled “Impact of Parental Occupation in Choosing
Accountancy Degree Program Among Far Eastern University- Manila Freshmen
Students of S.Y. 2022-2023” hereby declare that:

1. This paper is the product of our own work.

2. This work contains no fabricated and plagiarized materials, I.e., all borrowed
ideas, texts, and graphics incorporated in the study have been properly cited.
3. This paper has not been submitted elsewhere for publication or to any other
higher education institution for a degree.

We also understand that we can be appropriately sanctioned by Far Eastern University

should this declaration be found untruthful.

Abucejo, Mariella V.

Cerrero, Dezerie Rose V.

De Guzman, Stephen Nicole E.

Ganaden, Eirish Kyle N.

Mercado, Sandra R.

Racelis, Danielle Clarisse C.

Timpoc, Ferolyn S.

Villarico, Criselle A.

Yungco, Mark Genesis E.

Verified by

____________________________________
Mr. CLARK JOED C. OTUCAN, CPA
Thesis Adviser

ii
Turnitin index

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research would not be possible without the support, guidance, and

participation of the people behind this paper. With that, the researchers would like to

show their sincerest gratitude to the following people in contributing to the success of

this study.

To our Accounting Research Method Professor and Thesis Adviser, Mr.

Clark Joed C. Otucan, CPA, with the use of her expertise, her helpful guidance, and

support all throughout the study.

To these selected professors namely, Mr. Mark Anecito Perlas, Ms. Maria

Teresa Martinez, Dr. Fe-Rosales Ochotorena, and Mr. Hernan G. Pantolla, PhD

Cand., M. Sc. who offered their time in helping the researchers in validating the

survey questionnaire.

To the First Year in Bachelor of Science in Accountancy enrolled for SY

2022 – 2023, for participating in the survey and providing the needed information for

the benefit of the study.

To the group members, for their continuous cooperation, teamwork, and

dedication to complete this study despite the setbacks in online learning setup due to

pandemic.

Lastly, Him above us, for His guidance and blessings. Through his will and

wisdom blessed upon the researchers made sure that all hard work was paid off.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL SHEET i

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ii

TURNITIN CERTIFICATE OF SIMILARITY INDEX iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FiGURES viii

ABSTRACT ix

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Theoretical Framework 3
Conceptual Framework 5
Statement of the Problem 6
Hypothesis 6
Scope and Limitations of the Study 6
Significance of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 8
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

Influence of Parents' Occupation

Career Development Process
Parental Involvement in Their Children's Career Development- Planning
Parental Involvement in Their Children's Academic Concerns- Choices
Parental Involvement in Their Children's Personal Growth
Motivations, Inspirations, and Interests
Financial Stability
Knowledge
Life And Career Satisfaction
Synthesis and Relevance of

CHAPTER 3. METHODS 26

Research Design 26
 Participants of the Study 26
Sampling Technique 27
Research Instrument 28
Data Gathering Procedure 30
Statistical Treatment of Data 31
CHAPTER 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

RESULTS 34

CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39

Summary 39
Conclusions 41
Recommendations 46
REFERENCES 49

APPENDICES 58

Appendix A 58
Appendix B 61
Appendix C 66

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

1 Age and Gender of Respondents 26 
2 Range of Likert Scale 29 
3 Cronbach Alpha Internal Consistency Range 30 
4 Result of Reliability Test 30 
5 Reasons for Engaging in Dishonest Acts 34 
6 Frequency of Committing Dishonest Acts 35 
7 Extent on How Virtual Learning Influence Academic Dishonesty 36 
8 Influence of Virtual Learning Setup and Relationship of Student
Intention and Academic Dishonesty 37 
9 Influence of Virtual Learning Setup and Relationship of Environmental
Factors and Academic Dishonesty 37 
10 Influence of Virtual Learning Setup and Relationship of
Student Perception and Academic Dishonesty 38 
11 Test of Significance 39 

APPENDICES
A. Permit to Conduct Research
B. Scoring Rubrics for Research Output
C. Sample Accomplished Informed Consent
D. One (1) Sample Questionnaire
E. Accomplished Validation Instrument

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table no. Title Page no.

3.1 Likert Scale ….................................................................
3.2 Impact of Factors Affecting Their Decision in
Taking BS Accountancy ….............................................
3.3 Agreement to Challenges Encountered in
Taking BS Accountancy ….............................................
3.4 Relation of Different Circumstances of the
Parents in Influencing the Freshmen Students
In Choosing BS Accountancy …....................................

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no. Title Page no.

1.1 Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development Theory......
1.2 Research Framework of the Study.................................
3.1 Results of Cronbach’s Alpha ….....................................

ix
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

After graduating in Senior High School, students are ready to step into college

with their chosen degree program in mind. These new graduates are set on for their

futures so they make sure that the preparation they make is perfect starting from the

college or university they are getting into. Careers play a very fundamental and

significant role in the life of the individual because they affect not only the

individual's personality and concepts in life but also the pattern of income. It is crucial

to make the right career choice at the appropriate moment because a good choice can

only lead to satisfaction and success in your line of work. However, a single poor

decision might harm your prospects and prosperity for many years (Lahoti, 2020). 

Not every student gets to have a chance to pursue their dream career. Their

parents, being a few decades older than them, possess several life lessons which they

perceived as a right to influence their children in choosing a different career path.

Choosing a career is an extremely important decision that impacts their children’s

entire future. It is understandable for the parents to be concerned, but their children

are already old enough to choose for themselves. It is important to warn parents

against setting their own ambitions for their children or viewing their children's

accomplishments as a reflection on themselves (Parent’s Role in Career Selection,

2019). However, some students worry about their parents' disapproval if they choose

a career in art, drama, or music over a practical, high-paying profession like law or

medicine. 

1
 Parents have a big impact on the job choices their children make. They may

have direct or indirect impact on them, with or without their knowledge, deliberately

or unconsciously. Since parents typically raise their children during the early years,

they frequently have a significant impact on the choices their children make about

their careers. While the majority of parents claim to have little to no impact over their

children' careers, research reveals that children have a different perspective and

believe their parents had a big influence on their career decisions (Should Parents Be

Involvement in Child’s Career Choice?, 2021). 

This research seeks to find out the impact of parents’ occupation in

influencing their children in choosing their academic career. The current freshmen

class that is enrolled in the Accountancy program at Far Eastern University - Manila

was specifically targeted in this study as they have just made one of their major life

decisions by selecting their program and university. These students have recently

gone through weeks of discussion with their parents on what to take in college. They

might have numerous curriculum options but their parents’ occupation might have

been an influence in the path they are taking now. This influence could be either a

good impact to the students or not. The difficulty of choosing the parents’ advice over

the child’s choice is quite stressful and can lead to something good or bad. 

The researchers believe that the evaluation of parents' occupation's impact on

the students would help the incoming college students to decide well, as well as the

parents who will play a huge role in their children’s collegiate life. Therefore, through

this study, the students, parents, universities, and the society would be knowledgeable

with this circumstance that could make such a change in creating better actions and

decisions for the future generations. 

2
 As much as the researchers want to include all information and answer all the

questions related to this topic, the researchers also regret that there are certain limits

this study has. The researchers might not be able to get a response from all the

freshmen students as there are hundreds of them taking the Accountancy program, in

addition to that, students have the right to refuse to participate in our study. With this

instance, our study is restricted from determining more specific answers related to our

study.

Theoretical Framework

Sociocultural theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in

psychological development. According to the sociocultural perspective, our

psychological development is guided, in part, by people in our lives who are in

mentor-type roles, such as teachers and parents. Other times, we develop our values

and beliefs through interactions within social groups or by participating in cultural

events. It's essential to understand that you are influencing how the younger ones

around you develop. Sociocultural theory emphasizes the role that culture plays in the

process, which can aid in our understanding of how our customs and traditions may

affect the people around them, and it is passed down hierarchically from generation to

generation. The sociocultural socialization functions in our society. It's important to

understand how a culture or a community's values can affect the way you think. This

is because the cultural values of a community significantly influence social practices,

such as parenting and education. In sociocultural theory, children learn from their

culture by imitating and internalizing behaviors, beliefs and knowledge from those

around them. 

3
 For example, in some cultures like western families, most parents make an

effort to promote their children's independence by allowing them to make their own

choices. As a parent, they have a greater chance of raising a happy and responsible

adult when you allow them to make choices for themselves. Also, in Western

countries, parents are not as involved in their children's education. They are not seen

as the main enforcer of academic success, and parents do not constantly pressure their

children to achieve high grades in school. This is because western parents avoid the

"Tiger Parent" approach and are happy for their children to pursue their passions and

interests. As a result, western teenagers feel more free to follow their dreams and

interests and have a greater sense of independence.

The second part of Vygotsky's theory is the concept that the capacity for

cognitive growth is dependent upon the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD). The

ZPD is a degree of development that is achieved when children engage in social

interaction. Vygotsky developed this theory in the 1930s. Complete social contact is

necessary for the development of the ZPD to its maximum potential. It is possible to

accomplish a wider variety of skills with the assistance of an adult or the participation

of peers than what is possible to achieve on your own.

FIGURE 1.1

4
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development Theory

Conceptual Framework

The paradigm below presents the overview of the study that includes the

dependent and independent variables of the study in line with the topic of Impact of

Parental Occupation in Choosing Accountancy Program Among Far Eastern

University- Manila Freshmen Students S.Y. 2022-2023.

FIGURE 1.2

5
Research Framework of the Study

Figure 1.2 represents the conceptual framework of the study that consists of

the dependent, independent, and moderating variables. The independent focuses on

Parents’ Occupation while the result of the dependent is the Impact in choosing

Bachelor of Science in Accountancy to the Freshmen of Far Eastern University-

Manila of S.Y. 2022-2023. And lastly, the moderating variables that affect during the

process of the independent and dependent variables consist of financial stability, life

and career satisfaction, and knowledge.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of parents’ occupation

towards the decision-making of Far Eastern University-Manila BSA first-year

6
students with regards to selecting the Accountancy program. This study sought to

address the following questions:

1. How do the parents’ occupation impact the decision-making of Far Eastern

University-Manila BS in Accountancy first year students with regards to

choosing their program?

2. What are the challenges experienced by the freshmen Accountancy students

in relation to selecting their current program?

3. What are the decision-making factors in relation to the parent’s occupation

that caused the FEU-Manila BSA First year students to choose the

Accountancy program? 

Hypothesis

HO1: There is no significant impact between the parents’ occupation and the

decisions of the FEU Manila BSA freshmen in choosing the Accountancy program.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

 The study focused on the impact of parents’ occupation in choosing Bachelor

of Science in Accountancy on Freshmen who took Bachelor of Science in

Accountancy in Far Eastern University- Manila S.Y. 2022-2023. The study was

conducted at Far Eastern University- Manila located at Nicanor Reyes St, Sampaloc,

Manila, 1008 Metro Manila. The research focused on the impact of parents’

occupation in the decision of Far Eastern University- Manila Freshmen choosing

Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

Significance of the Study

7
 This study aims to ascertain the impact of parents’ occupation to freshman

BSA students in choosing the Accountancy Program and how it greatly affects the

career path of their children. It also aims to know the decisions taken by the students

as they chose their preferred program to be taken in college. Through the results

gathered here, this study aims to benefit the following: 

 Bachelor of Science in Accountancy Freshman Students – This study will

give them knowledge on how their parents’ occupation and decision greatly

affect their career path as they take the Accountancy program.

 Graduating Grade 12 Students – This study will help them strengthen their

decision in choosing Accountancy as their program in college.

 Parents – This study will give them an idea on how their decision as a parent

and their occupation would affect their children’s choices in taking their

college program.

 University - this study will help the university guide their freshmen students

that will further help them in their program

 The Future Researchers - In the case that further research is conducted on

the Parents’ Occupation: Evaluation of its Impact in the Decision of Far

Eastern University- Manila BSA Freshmen Students in choosing the

Accountancy Program, this study will serve as a foundation for what may be

improved and advanced in this research report. Additionally, the paper's

findings might be used to support their research studies.

Definition of Terms

For better explanation and comprehension of the terms identified with this

investigation, the accompanying terms characterized adroitly and operationally.

8
  Bachelor of Science in Accountancy: refers to the program that

students choose to pursue their careers. The program focused on

subjects in financial, public, and managerial accounting, auditing,

administration, business laws, and taxation.

 Career: It refers to the chosen life work of the students undertaken for

a significant period of a person's life and with opportunities.

 Decisions: It refers to a judgment the student makes about something

after thinking about several possibilities for their chosen program.  

 Freshmen Students: It refers to the First-year students that are

currently enrolled at Far Eastern University.

 Impact: It refers to the influence of the parent's occupation on the

student's decision in taking the Bachelor of Science in Accountancy.

 Intervention: It refers to the action of parents going between the

decisions of their children for their careers. 

 Parent’s Occupation: It refers to the job that influences the decisions

of their children to take a course program of Bachelor of Science in

Accountancy.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This study’s literature review focuses on the impact of the parents’ occupation

to the freshmen students of Far Eastern University - Manila in selecting Bachelor of

Science in Accountancy program. This literature review and studies tackle authors’

various concepts, ideas, and generalizations that relate to this study’s main

9
problem. First, it analyzes prior studies that relates to the influence of parents’

occupation in relation to having a family business and employed parents. Second, it

analyzes how the children develop their career choice that relates to their motivations,

inspirations, interests, and family involvement. The researchers will explore a variety

of sources, including books, journals, thesis, and other electronic documents.

Influence of Parents’ Occupation 

Career selection is one of numerous imperative decisions understudies will

make in deciding their future plans since this choice will affect them for the duration

of their lives. As Michael Borchert notes in his examination paper (Borchert, 2017), a

few components influence vocation decisions among secondary school understudies.

He takes note of that recognizing these variables gives guardians, instructors, and

industry player’s thought with respect to where understudies place the vast majority of

their trust in the profession determination process. According to Borchert (2017) these

components can comprehensively be sorted as Environmental, identity, and

opportunity factors. Among the ecological variables are family factors, school factors,

peer weight and so forth. Family foundation factors observed to be related with

profession advancement incorporate guardians' financial status, their instructive

dimension, and biogenetic factors, for example, physical size, sexual orientation,

capacity, and personality (Lankard, 2017). Thus, parental impact is one of the

elements which influence profession decision and determination of understudies. For

sure research discoveries from ponders done in Kenya and somewhere else are

accessible in help of the pretended by parental factors in affecting the vocation

decision of their youngsters.

10
 Articulation of parental qualities and desires can be as parental help and

direction on explicit vocation or instructive recommendations just as encounters that

by implication bolster profession improvement, for example, family relaxes,

arrangement of assets, for example, books, and demonstrating of paid and unpaid

work jobs. In view of her writing seek, Jungen (2018) noted that parental qualities and

desires can play a vast job in the vocation way that kids pick to pursue. She further

notes that while many trust that youngsters, especially teenagers, pay no regard for the

estimations of their folks, examine has appeared (ibid.). Therefore, it seems that kids

and young people give much consideration to what their folks expect of them,

especially with regards to picking a vocation. Taylor et al. (2017), as referred to in

Jungen, 2018) keep up that without parental endorsement, youngsters are frequently

hesitant to seek after, or even investigate, certain professions. Teenagers were found

to share their folks' qualities on serious issues and even rejected certain vocation

choices on the off chance that they didn't have parental endorsement. This is in

opposition to prominent conviction that youth is a period of rebellion, especially

against power figures, for example, parents Jungen (2018).

Career Development Process 

Deciding on a major or a career direction can often feel like a daunting task.

One might have several interests or have a good idea of the type of career they would

like to pursue. But they may need some help navigating the potential options to find

the right match for their skills and personality. According to an article Missouri State

(2020), there are four key recurrent processes that make up the continual process of

career development: self-awareness, exploration, decision-making, and action.

11
However, having the ability of self-management of your own career will help increase

your independence. Also, self-management aids in lowering uncertainty (Risha, n.d.). 

By encouraging students to explore their career options and look for

employment opportunities, improving career development changes students'

perspectives to a wider horizon (Kandiko & Mawer, 2013; Reddan & Rauchle, 2017).

The goal of career development learning is to encourage students to choose and carry

out better professional path options by utilizing their best competencies. The

competencies students develop during the learning process are reportedly learned

skills of a transferable nature, one that they can use during their decisions and

transitions at work, even though career development learning is said to encompass not

only the environment but also the dynamics in the learning process. In fact, it was

claimed that career skills are subsets of employability skills produced by ongoing

learning and growth. Workplace competencies are progressive; thus, they eventually

develop into knowledge and other talents. 

Rauchle et. al. (2017) also stated that career development learning influences

students' post-high school learning, making it more meaningful by customizing their

learning that aims to advance their disciplinary expertise, their goals for the future,

and their knowledge of their jobs. Effective transition and decision-making in relation

to employment and professional advancement are also supported.

Parental Involvement in Their Children’s Career Development/Planning 

Parents have a large influence on their children's career development and

career decisions. Parents want their children to be happy and successful in life, and a

career choice is one factor that influences happiness and success. One of the important

developmental tasks for students at the end of compulsory lower secondary education

is the decision to pursue a professional career. This is a process of deciding on career

12
goals, and choosing a profession (Pecjak & Pirc 2020). Shuster (2017) stated that

nurturing children's hope and career adaptability can help support, sustain, and

prepare them for successful lives as they navigate this ever-changing world. Parents

are often involved in their children's development. Whether it's the influence of their

career or development of their personality and work ethic, parents are at the root of a

lot of things in a child's life. They have a persistent impact and may have

unanticipated effects on a child's future profession. According to Embong & Hashim

(2015) Parents are more influential in students‟ career choices as compared to peers.

As students interact with their peers, their advice gives less impact and importance as

compared to parents.

            When it comes to being a college student, many individuals encounter

uncertainty about what profession they would take. It has been always a battle

between what a student wants or is passionate about, versus what their parents decide

or what profession would earn a high salary. Parents have a significant impact on how

their children grow their careers and make job decisions. Parents want the best for

their kids in life, and one thing that affects happiness and success is the professional

choice. According to the study of Liu et al. (2020), it is suggested that the need for

parental intervention arises from a mismatch between parents' expectations and their

children's preferred careers and between parents' evaluations of their children's

abilities and work requirements. These interactions are moderated by the traditionality

of the parents, whereas the success of parental involvement depends on the

traditionality and career maturity of the young adults. Young adults' compliance,

identification, and internalization are, respectively, impacted by parental position,

referent, and expert powers, which have an impact on their professional commitment

and career happiness.

13
A person's career is crucial to their existence. Whatever career route one decides to

take, it will have a significant impact on their life. Along with lifestyle, work will

define one’s status in a society. In other words, the relationships and social circle they

have will depend on their work. According to the study of Quiño (2022), the study's

conclusions indicate that financial aid, educational quality, tuition affordability, and

environment and culture all have an impact on a student's decision to attend college.

The importance of course selection for senior high school students cannot be

emphasized. According to the results, students' decisions can be influenced by a

variety of factors independent of their age, gender, or family income. People who

pursue their dreams as students are aware of their skills and expertise. Parents must

keep an eye on their kids in every area of life, including making decisions. Young

adults must make their own job decisions; parents can only influence their children's

choices. They can be anybody they want, proving to others that they can achieve their

objectives without parental guidance. To get there, they must first become self-

sufficient. Some adolescents think about their present financial challenges and how

they might effect their parents' employment prospects. They worry that their parents

won't be able to support them in the way required by the career they want to pursue.

On the other hand, scholarships are available to students who are ready to take

advantage of the chance and so ease their financial struggles. Teenagers divulge a lot

of personal information to their friends, including their aspirations. They are always

there, thus this cannot be disregarded. They may influence the decisions that people

occasionally have to make. On the other hand, students have the option of working

independently and choose their SHS course with or without help from peers or

classmates. Because they think they can complete their task on their own, they are

oblivious of this issue. Students decide on the careers that best suit them and require

14
their work because there is a significant demand for a variety of vocations. They have

the confidence to take advantage of the chance because they are aware of the nation's

rising unemployment rate.

Parental Involvement in Their Children’s Academic Concerns/Choices 

The school systems take an active role in shaping their students. Parents go

through great lengths in giving the best education for their children. The idea of

education is not just a means for acquiring college degrees and monetary success, but

also to cultivate well-rounded individuals ready to take on the real world. However, a

student’s academic success does not only rely with the help of their teachers, but also

with the support of their parents. 

For children to develop their values, parental support is crucial. Interests and

skills are essential for the growth of students' motivation and aspirations to create and

accomplish professional goals. Parental Involvement should occur both at school and

at home. Participation in school-based activities and the chance for parents and

teachers to build mutual respect and understanding are examples of school-based

involvement (e.g., going to school meetings, helping out at school events, speaking

with teachers, volunteering). Home-based involvement refers to various ways of

supporting a child's education outside of the school (for example, helping with

homework, conversing with kids about what happens in class or school, and providing

academic support). Schmid and Garrels (2021) stated in their  study’s findings that the

different forms of parental involvement to the students was the reason for their

academic success. During the interview with the twenty-five students from four

different schools in Oslo, Norway, they testified about the support of their parents and

little to no expectations with regards to career selection thus encouraging a strong

relationship with them. However, not every parents have the same parental

15
involvement levels as it depends on their family characteristics. Working-class

families tend to have little to no time in involving themselves with their children’s

education. 

In the Philippines, the vast majority of Filipinos consider family as the

cornerstone of social life. Some Filipino’s household, you will observe two to three

generations of the family are living together because the concept of filial piety is

significant in Filipino culture (Scroope, 2017). It is important to the younger

generation of the family to show respect to their elders. For example, opinions of

younger generations of the family are only secondary and sometimes disregarded.

This is one of the reason why children who were influenced by their parents to take

certain degrees are bound to pursue it. Due to poverty, the expensive cost of school,

and a lack of understanding of the value of education, parental involvement is weak in

this country. Any educational system must have parental involvement to be

successful. It has been shown to raise educational standards, decrease absenteeism

and dropout rates, and raise student achievement (Llego, 2022). However, being

excessively engaged might lead to you intervening too frequently in matters the child

should manage. That can result in the kid not having time left to focus on his studies,

leading to lower grades and frustration from being expected to be something he's not.

Moreover, not all instructors are comfortable having a parent volunteer in the

classroom. Some kids are excessively distracted by their parents' presence, which can

lead to a lack of attention or behavioral issues (Gaunt). Parents should make sure that

their children have good feelings about attending school and not get intimidated by

the school setting. According to Obradović, Too much parental guidance, on the other

hand, can be counterproductive at times. Parents are tempting targets for self-

regulation daily. But when children are at play, learning a new game, or discussing a

16
problem with each other, parents need to step back and allow their children to do what

they want without constantly intervening. Despite being appropriately on task, the

results show that parents who frequently stepped in to provide instructions,

corrections, or suggestions or to ask questions had more difficulty regulating their

behavior and emotions at other times. These children also performed worse on tasks

that assessed delayed gratification and other executive functions associated with

impulse control and the ability to shift their attention between competing demands.

Perhaps it would help if parents were taught how to “let the child lead” or be more

flexible when introducing new tasks, games, or challenges.

Parental Involvement in Their Children’s Personal Growth 

One’s success is most likely a product of one’s hard work and household

support. Parental participation is now commonly regarded as essential to raising

academically successful kids and as a sign of excellent parenting (Li, 2022). Parents’

involvement in a child’s personal growth creates a great impact that could either

benefit or destroy it. 

Shared by Cherry in her study which was medically reviewed, there are four

types of parenting techniques — Authoritarian Parenting, Authoritative Parenting,

Permissive Parenting, Uninvolved Parenting. Although they tend to be competent and

obedient, children raised in authoritarian households score lower on happiness, social

skills, and self-esteem measures. On the other hand, children raised by authoritative

parents frequently grow up to be capable, happy adults while children raised by

permissive parents frequently score poorly on happiness and self-control scales. These

kids typically perform poorly in school and are more prone to have issues with

authority. Lastly, all life domains get the lowest rankings for uninvolved parenting.

17
These kids typically exhibit poor self-control, low self-esteem, and lower levels of

competence than their peers (2020). 

Filipino parents engage in responsibility training, or the systematic teaching and

guiding of young children in various duties they are to do in the home, as a result of

the expectation that children will contribute meaningfully to the family.  According to

(Bartolome et al., 2017), parental involvement refers to the amount of participation of

a parent to the schooling of his/her child. In Philippine society, parenting is important

since it is seen to be part of one's social world. The dynamics of parent and child

relationships are characterized for parental authority and obedience on the part of

children.

            Parenting needs a further examination in Philippine context, Ochoa and Torre

(n.d.). Expanding the research about parenting styles and parenting practice is

important as both are influenced by the parents’ socialization goals. In their definition,

parenting practices are the behaviors that parents engage to reach their socialization

goals for their children, whilst the one that represents the parents’ attitude toward their

children is the parenting styles.

This result basically indicates that too much involvement of parents could ruin

a child’s personal life, but not being involved at all might lose the child’s capability to

do better in life. That being the case, a proper balance of guidance is significantly

needed.

Motivations, Inspirations, and Interests 

Choosing a desirable program to be taken in college must have been one of the

hardest decisions that an incoming college student will be facing. It would not only

affect their career path but, it would greatly affect their future as well. One should

18
hold a strong commitment to their chosen program to successfully finish their college

education. As they decide what program they are taking in college, a lot of factors

may take into place. The program selections they make leads to a chain of reactions

that affect future program choices, skill development, and career decisions (Huang et

al., 2019). Their inspirations and interests may vary depending on each student's

lifestyle and environment which are other factors that affect their decision making.

Some students took the program to develop a social connection with others who

shared similar interests. (2021) In terms of interest, according to the study

"Investigating course choice motivations in university environments", they have

conducted a survey that reveals students took programs out of curiosity and because it

is closely related to their interest. It also shows that one reason why they took their

preferred program is that they just want to have fun. Some students choose their

preferred program due to the fact that the knowledge and skills they will gain from

that program might be useful in the future. On the other hand, there are still some

students that prefer to choose programs that are easier to take to have higher grades

and less time-consuming. Others take their program because it is a require-course.

(2022) To sum this all up, choosing a preferred course in college often revolves in the

internal and environmental factors of a student. It may vary depending on their

interests and other factors that would dictate their future.

Financial Stability

The financial stability of oneself can be a form of different causes, some were

fortunate to have been born in a wealthy family and some arise from rags to riches.

According to research, families with stable finances may buy needs like safe housing,

nutritious food, and other things they need, participate fully in their communities, and

19
make plans for the future. However, too many families with young children

experience ongoing financial struggle, which negatively affects their health and

wellbeing (Family Economic Stability: Work Supports and Tax Credits, 2022).

Mostly, a family is stable financially because of the parent’s occupation as

they are the most capable of working among the family members. Their occupation

greatly affects the activities of a family. Some research demonstrates that there is a

significant relationship between education and wealth. Wealth could create a better

education for someone. However, this does not still completely guarantee that

someone will automatically be led to success, hardwork and patience is still needed. 

In a research discussion, it was stated that the financial security of students has

a real impact on their career decision. When they feel that their initial desired choice

is too expensive, they are willing to change their career path. It implies that the

nation's educational system does not do a good job of assisting students who are not in

solid financial situations (Cerenio, 2019). 

Knowledge

Parents have an impact on their children's degree of education or training, their

knowledge of work and other occupations, their views and attitudes toward work, and

their will to succeed. Most of this is picked up unintentionally when children and

teenagers grow up and absorb their parents' attitudes and expectations of them.

Parents who are well educated and who have good knowledge of the world of work

are more likely to be able to help their children to develop the same attitudes, which

helps their children to be more successful when they leave school or college. 

According to the study conducted by Kocak, O. et.al. (2021), families and

academic satisfaction have a significant impact on people's self-efficacy in

20
professional decision-making. Families have a significant impact on how their

children develop their interests and beliefs, their self-concepts, and their opinions on

various vocations. It also states that family, especially parents’ support is a significant

factor in the expectation of professional outcomes.

The conclusion of the study stated that the development of children depends

greatly on the parents' intellectual capacity. As what was previously said, children's

academic and social development benefits when parents have greater levels of

education. In this regard, there might be a moderating influence because parents'

educational attainment has a big impact on the future of their kids (Edrem et al.,

2021).

Since the family imparts knowledge and experiences, provides financial

support, instills social values, and supports the children during trying times regarding

their careers and other concerns, we can say that family impact is particularly

effective on career decision-making and self-efficiency of the children.

Life and Career Satisfaction

According to earlier studies, the nature of work has drastically changed

recently as a result of economic changes and a more globalized economy. This change

has contributed to improving employees’ scheduling flexibility and work-life balance

among other effects on their experiences at work. However, in light of a changing and

more linked global economy, the global comparative quality of employment and job

satisfaction are poorly understood. As stated in the study of Andrade, A. & Westover,

J. (2019), in order to conduct an exploratory comparative assessment of the effects the

International Social Survey Program’s latest wave, (work orientations IV, 2015) was

used. A focus on the value of work-life balance and employee schedule flexibility was

21
placed throughout. To assess job satisfaction, this study examines working conditions,

work characteristics, and employee attitudes across the world. To maximize employee

performance levels and reduce turnover costs, human resource practices must be

modified. This presents issues for multinational corporations and should serve as a

warning to managers to carefully review their processes in order to adapt to changing

workplace expectations. This study adds value by employing a database that

represents practices in 37 nations to make cross-national comparisons regarding key

workplace characteristics and its influence towards job satisfaction.

The importance of servant leadership in higher education institutions (HEIs).

In a cross-country environment, the study explores the direct and mediated effects of

servant leadership on job satisfaction in order to better understand how it contributes

to life fulfillment. Through self-administered surveys, information was gathered from

Spain, China, and Pakistan. The theories were put to the test with SmartPLS-3.2.7.

Results from the entire sample showed that servant leadership had a favorable and

significant impact on both career and life satisfaction. In the three samples, these

associations were likewise determined to be significant. Additionally, both the overall

sample and sub-sample results showed a direct, favorable, and substantial relationship

between professional happiness and life contentment. In both the general sample and

the sub-samples, career satisfaction was found to be a major mediating factor in the

association between servant leadership and life satisfaction. The implications,

restrictions, and directions for further study are discussed. (Latif et.al., 2020).

The study of Dayrit, J. S., & Lacap, J. P. (2020) looks at how employee

engagement is impacted by work-life balance. Employees who belongs to Pampanga

Chamber of Commerce, also known as PAMCHAM, member companies in the

banking, education, and also auto sales sectors make up the study's participants. The

22
selection of samples was done by stratified sampling. Additionally, a convenience

sampling method was used. The parameters of the structural model were estimated

with the use of and the WarpPLS 6.0 software and the PLS-SEM, partial least

squares-structural equation modelling. Employee engagement is strongly and

negatively associated to family-work conflict, according to data analysis. The findings

indicated that there is a weak but negative correlation among work-life conflict and

employee engagement. The results showed a substantial and positive association

between the two (2) variables in terms of the relationship between family satisfaction

and employee engagement. Last but not least, it was shown that there is a large and

positive correlation between employee involvement and work satisfaction.

Synthesis and Relevance of Related Literature

In the topic about Influence of parents’ occupation, Gachathi (2018) said that

better-paying jobs enable parents to provide adequately for their kids' education. They

help their children financially, socially, psychologically, and emotionally, which

enables them to excel in their academic pursuits. Parents with stable income and high-

paying jobs tend to support their children’s needs and desires, especially in terms of

education. They are capable of giving what’s best for their child’s future. On the other

hand, parents’ who are struggling financially and those who hold less prominent jobs

are unable to give their kids access to sufficient modern amenities to improve their

education (Memo et.al,2019). Career selection is somehow one of the crucial

decisions a student may encounter since it would greatly affect their future. Other than

that, it may also depend on their parents’ occupation and capability to provide in

general.

23
 Aside from those mentioned above, there are still a lot of factors that may

affect the decision of a student in choosing their career path. One of which is their

personal career choice. According to an article Missouri State (2020), there are four

key recurrent processes that make up the continual process of career development:

self-awareness, exploration, decision-making, and action. These key recurrent

processes may decrease their level of uncertainty thus, it would help students to

explore more and discover themselves. The goal of career development learning is to

encourage students to choose and carry out better professional path options by

utilizing their best competencies.

Stating that a child’s career has a huge impact on their future, it is given that

parents also have a huge influence in their decision making in terms of career

development and career decisions. Parents want what’s best for their children,

specifically their happiness and success in life. They are the root of a lot of things in a

child’s life. According to Embong & Hashim (2015) Parents are more influential in

students’ career choices as compared to peers. Parents have a significant impact on

how their children grow their careers and make job decisions. Parents have

expectations which is one factor to why their decision is also considerable in terms of

choosing the best program for a student because in the end, young adults will make

their own job decisions that will dictate whether they will be successful or not in life.

Aside from career choice, it is also important for the students to develop their

values. For them to develop their values, parental support is crucial. Interests and

skills are essential for the growth of students' motivation and aspirations to create and

accomplish professional goals. Parental Involvement should occur both at school and

at home. Schmid and Garrels (2021) stated in their  study’s findings that the different

forms of parental involvement to the students was the reason for their academic

24
success. Parents should make sure that their children have good feelings about

attending school and not get intimidated by the school setting.

Filipino parents engage in responsibility training, or the systematic teaching

and guiding of young children in various duties they are to do in the home, as a result

of the expectation that children will contribute meaningfully to the family. However,

too much involvement of parents could ruin a child’s personal life, but not being

involved at all might lose the child’s capability to do better in life. With that being

said, proper balance of guidance is significantly needed and both parties should never

invalidate each other's perspective and views in life.

Choosing a preferred college program takes a lot of decision making since it

would greatly affect what comes ahead. One should hold a strong commitment to their

chosen program to successfully finish their college education. The program selections

they make leads to a chain of reactions that affect future program choices, skill

development, and career decisions (Huang et al., 2019). Their motivations,

inspirations and interests depend on each student’s lifestyle and environment which

are other factors that affect their decision making. Some students choose their

preferred course because it is a require-course, they are capable of the skills that will

be needing for the course, their peers choose the same course as them and some

students just want to have fun. Choosing a preferred course in college often revolves

in the internal and environmental factors of a student. It may vary depending on their

interests and other factors would dictate their future.

However, financial stability is also a big factor that may affect the decision

making of a student. Mostly, a family is stable financially because of the parent’s

occupation as they are the most capable of working among the family members. Their

occupation greatly affects the activities of a family. Some research demonstrates that

25
there is a significant relationship between education and wealth. Being financially

stable may secure you from education. Those who are not fortunate enough struggles

in having a proper education which leads them to discontinue their education or not

studying at all. In a research discussion, it was stated that the financial security of

students has a real impact on their career decision.

Other than that, their knowledge may also affect the decision of a student in

terms of taking a preferred college program. If a parent attained a lot of achievement

during their earlier years, there is a chance that they expect their children to follow

their steps. Parents who are well educated and who have good knowledge of the world

of work are more likely to be able to help their children to develop the same attitudes,

which helps their children to be more successful when they leave school or college.

Development of children depends greatly on the parents' intellectual capacity.

Children's academic and social development benefits when parents have greater levels

of education. We can say that family impact is particularly effective on career

decision-making and self-efficiency of the children.

26
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods used in collecting data for this study -

research design, participants of the study, sampling technique, data gathering

procedure, research instruments, and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

Research design aids you in making decisions about every aspect of your

project. It is a specific method that encompasses data collection, analysis, and

interpretation methods and procedures (Stangor & Walinga 2019). 

This study used the descriptive correlational research design to assess the

given hypothesis. Correlational design aims to assess the relationship between and

among variables. The researchers chose to follow a descriptive correlational research

method because the variables in this design tackles the relationship that exists

between and among them. For the data collection, the researchers used a well-

designed survey questionnaire and gathered quantitative information from its target

respondents to determine the impact of their parents’ occupation in selecting their

current degree program. The data that was collected was then assessed using a

statistical approach.

27
Participants of the Study

This study’s respondents are the first-year Bachelor of Science in

Accountancy Students of Far Eastern University during the academic year of 2022-

2023. 

The researchers used Slovin’s formula in computing the number of

respondents to be surveyed. The total population of the target respondents was used as

the total sample, with a total of 628 students. A margin error of five percent (10%)

was used. It yielded 86.2637 rounded off to the nearest tenths, resulting in 86

respondents. The supporting computation is shown below:

n= N1 + Ne2

n= 628[1 + 628(0.10)2]

n = 86.2637

Anshebo (2019) stated that if the study population is small, it is also feasible

to employ a confidence level of 90%. The researchers must also utilize the entire

study population as a sample size if the population is small and the confidence level is

set at 95%. Therefore, it can be too challenging to cover and achieve a good result.

Also, according to Bulan (2013), the majority of statisticians concur that a sample size

of 100 is necessary to obtain any form of significant results. Typically, 10% of the

total population, but no more than 1000, is a decent maximum sample size. A sample

of 1000 persons will typically yield an outcome that is reasonably accurate, even in a

population of 200,000. Given the additional time and money it would take, sampling

more than 1000 people wouldn't significantly improve accuracy. Therefore, instead of

using 86, the researchers used a sample size of 100. 

28
Sampling Technique

The researchers utilized convenience sampling, a method that includes people

who are conveniently available to participate in this study. This sampling method

involves gathering people anywhere they may be found and usually wherever it is

convenient.

Research Instrument

The survey questionnaire will be the primary research instrument used in this

study. The questionnaire that the researchers used in this study were designed to

obtain information. Guided response type of questions was used to allow the

respondents to give their responses. The questionnaires were prepared by the

researchers and developed by reading reference materials related to the topic. The

survey questionnaire will be the primary research instrument used in this study. The

questionnaire that the researchers used in this study were designed to obtain

information. Guided response type of questions was used to allow the respondents to

give their responses. The questionnaires were prepared by the researchers and

developed by reading reference materials related to the topic. The Likert scale was

applied to the questions as the respondent's level of agreement with the statement was

assessed. The following four-point scale was used, along with its corresponding

interpretations.

Part I of the survey questionnaires consists of five (5) questions pertaining to

the profile of the respondents. It includes the student’s student number, gender, and

age. It also asked if they are currently enrolled as a freshman at Far Eastern

University-Manila taking the BS Accountancy program. Part II contains the survey

29
questions which include twelve (12) main questions. The objective of this part is to

determine the influence of parents' occupations on their children. The researchers will

also conduct online research from other studies or articles that support this study.

Basically, the researchers should find both primary and secondary sources to establish

a certain explanation or claim for this study.

Table 3.1 Likert Scale

Rating Interpretation Numerical Range Equivalent

4 Greatest Extent 3.26-4

3 Greater Extent 2.51-3.25

2 Lesser Extent 1.76-2.5

1 Least Extent 1-1.75

Table 3.2

IMPACT OF FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR DECISION IN TAKING BS

ACCOUNTANCY
Variables Description Values Internal Consistency
K No. of test items 20
Sum of the item 19.33
Σs²y
variance
GOOD
Variance of total 73.19
s²x
score
a Cronbach's alpha 0.77
Table 3.3

AGREEMENT TO CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN TAKING BS

ACCOUNTANCY
Variables Description Values Internal Consistency
K No. of test items 20
Sum of the item 16.62
Σs²y
variance
GOOD
Variance of total 96.94
s²x
score
a Cronbach's alpha 0.87
Table 3.4

30
 RELATION OF DIFFERENT CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PARENTS IN
INFLUENCING THE FRESHMEN STUDENTS IN CHOOSING BS
ACCOUNTANCY
Variables Description Values Internal Consistency
K No. of test items 30
Sum of the item 23.08
Σs²y
variance
GOOD
Variance of total 260.26
s²x
score
a Cronbach's alpha 0.94

Figure 3.1

Results of Cronbach’s Alpha

Figure 3.1 shows the results of Cronbach’s Alpha. Impact of Factors Affecting

their Decision in Taking BS Accountancy had a score of 0.77. The next question is

the Agreement to Challenges Encountered in Taking BS Accountancy had a score of

0.87. Lastly, in Relation of Different Circumstances of the Parents in Influencing the

Freshmen Students in Choosing BS Accountancy had a score of 0.94. All the results

have an internal consistency of Good.

Data Gathering Procedures

31
 The survey questionnaire was distributed to the respondents after it had been

verified. The researchers conducted a face-to-face data-gathering procedure to collect

the necessary information for the study. In distributing the survey questionnaire using

google forms, each researcher has a certain number of respondents to accomplish the

data gathering. The researchers utilized a face-to-face data collection as a more

efficient and practical technique to stimulate the collection of information from

participants. 

The researchers collected the data in the first semester of the school year 2022-2023.

In the event of collecting the data, researchers were able to complete the requirement

of 100 participants, as the face-to-face interaction were manageable.

Statistical Treatment of Data

There are seven different variables that were measured in tis study. The

independent variable, which are the parents’ occupation, the dependent variable,

which is the impact to Far Eastern University - Manila Freshmen students in selecting

BS in Accountancy, and the mediating variables that consist of Financial Stability,

Life and Career Satisfaction and Knowledge.

The following statistical formula will be used to accurately analyze and

interpret the data gathered from the survey questionnaires that will answered by the

strategically chosen respondents:

Weighted Mean

32
 The researchers calculated the average value of the Likert-scale questions to

obtain a single value that reflects the variable by adding all the participant’s answers

per variable in their numerical value. The formula for calculating the weighted mean

is as follows:

X̅ = xwN
Where: X̅ = weighted mean

w = weight

x = frequency of response per weight

N = total number of respondents

Standard Deviation

The standard deviation represents the average level of variation to our data set.

It will tell how far each value deviates from the mean or average. A high standard

deviation implies that values are spread out from the mean, whereas a low standard

deviation shows that values are close to the mean. The formula for calculating the

standard deviation is as follows:

Percentage Frequency Distribution

33
 A percentage frequency distribution is a data visualization that shows the

proportion of observations for each data point or cluster of data points. It's a way to

express the relative frequency of survey replies and other data. Percentage frequency

distributions are frequently displayed as tables, bar graphs, or pie charts. The formula

for calculating the percentage:

where: % = Percentage

𝑓 = frequency

𝑁 = number of respondents

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

The Pearson Correlation Coefficient will be used to figure out the statistical

relationship between the independent and dependent variables by measuring how

strongly they are connected. It shows if a line can be connected to illustrate the data

studied. It will be computed as follows:

) ( ( )( ∑ y)
❑ ❑ ❑
n ∑ xy −
❑
∑x
❑ ❑
r 2

√[n∑ x −(∑ x ) ][n∑ y −(∑ y) ]

❑
❑ ❑ 2 ❑ ❑ 2
2 2

❑ ❑ ❑ ❑

where: r = correlation coefficient

34
 xi = values of the x-variable in a sample

x = mean of the values of the x-variable

yi = values of the y-variable in a sample

y = mean of the values of the y-variable

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY – MANILA

Institute of Accounts, Business, & Finance
Department of Accountancy and Internal Auditing

CONSENT

By answering this form, I hereby acknowledge, consent, and agree to the collection,
use, processing, and retention of my personal information. There are no known risks
associated with accomplishing this form. I understand that my participation as a respondent in
this research is not compulsory and that I can withdraw my consent at any time without
penalty and have the results of my participation, to the extent that it could be identified as
mine, removed from records.
By agreeing, I am fully aware that the information I will provide is voluntarily and
will be kept private and confidential adhering to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 and other
applicable laws. Thus, all information provided are used for academic purposes only.

▢ Yes, I agree 

▢ No, I disagree 

Dear Respondent/s,

We, fourth-year BS Accountancy students at Far Eastern University-Manila, are currently conducting a
study on “Impact of Parental Occupation in Choosing Accountancy Degree Program Among Far
Eastern University- Manila Freshmen Students S.Y. 2022-2023. " As partial fulfillment for the
requirements on the course Accounting Research.

To make this possible, individuals who are currently first year accountancy students in FEU Manila are
required. Your assistance in granting time to answer the few questions attached will help ensure the
success of our study.

Thank you and your effort in responding to our survey is greatly appreciated.
Researchers

I. Profile of the Respondent 

Student Number: ______________

35
Gender: ▢ Male ▢ Female ▢ LGBTQIA+ ▢ Prefer not to say 
Age: ▢ 18-19 years old  ▢ 20-21 years old ▢ Above 21
years old
Are you currently enrolled as a Freshman student in FEU-Manila?
▢ Yes
▢ No
If the answer is No, please disregard this questionnaire

Are you currently pursuing a degree in Accountancy in FEU-Manila?

▢ Yes
▢ No
If the answer is No, please disregard this questionnaire
II. Survey Questions
1.What is your first choice of degree program?
________________________________________
2. What is your second choice of degree program?
________________________________________
3. Did you personally choose your current program?
▢ Yes
▢ No
4. Did your parents influence you in selecting your current program?
▢ Yes
▢ No (note: parents do not include guardians)
If no, please disregard this questionnaire
5. If yes, who gave you influence?
▢ Mother
▢ Father
▢ Both
6. Are your parents employed?
Mother
▢ Yes
▢ No
Father
▢ Yes
▢ No
7. If your mother is employed, what is her employment status?
▢ Regular and Casual Employment (connection between the particular activity performed by the
employees and the usual business or trade of the employer)
▢ Self-employed (earns his income by taking contracts with a business rather than working for a
particular employer)
▢ Project Employment (employment has been fixed for a specific project)
▢ Seasonal Employment (the work or service to be performed is seasonal in nature and the
employment is for the duration of the season) 

36
▢ Fixed-Term Employment (employment was knowingly and voluntarily agreed upon the employer
and employee)
▢ Probationary Employment (the employee, upon his engagement is made to undergo a trial period)
▢ Others, please specify _____________
▢ None
8. If your father is employed, what is his employment status?
▢ Regular and Casual Employment (connection between the particular activity performed by the
employees and the usual business or trade of the employer)
▢ Self-employed (earns his income by taking contracts with a business rather than working for a
particular employer)
▢ Project Employment (employment has been fixed for a specific project)
▢ Seasonal Employment (the work or service to be performed is seasonal in nature and the
employment is for the duration of the season) 
▢ Fixed-Term Employment (employment was knowingly and voluntarily agreed upon the employer
and employee)
▢ Probationary Employment (the employee, upon his engagement is made to undergo a trial period)
▢ Others, please specify _____________
▢ None
9. What occupational group do you classify your MOTHER’s occupation? 
▢ Managers (e.g., General Manager, Sales Manager, Product Manager)
▢ Business Owner (e.g., Store owner, Chief Executive Officer, Entrepreneur)
▢ Professionals (e.g., Accountant, Architect, Engineer)
▢ Technicians and Associate Professionals (e.g., Business Administration Associate, Finance
Administration)
▢ Clerical Support Workers (e.g., Billing Clerk, Office Clerk, Payroll Clerk, Law Clerk, Accounting
Clerk)
▢ Service and Sales Workers (e.g., Housekeeping, Catering, Security Services)
▢ Skilled Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery workers (e.g., Farmers, Fisherman, Gardener)
▢ Craft and related Trade workers (e.g., Mason, Plumber, Welder)
▢ Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers (e.g., Mining Plant Operator, Excavator Operator,
Railway Track Master)
▢ Elementary occupations (e.g., Street Sweeper, Vehicle Cleaners, Kitchen Helpers)
▢ Armed Forces occupations (e.g., Air Force Pilot, Army Linguist, Navy Nurse Corp)
▢ None, my mother is unemployed.
If your answer is None, please proceed to number 10.
10. What occupational group do you classify your FATHER’s occupation? 
▢ Managers (e.g., General Manager, Sales Manager, Product Manager)
▢ Business Owner (e.g., Store owner, Chief Executive Officer, Entrepreneur)
▢ Professionals (e.g., Accountant, Architect, Engineer)
▢ Technicians and Associate Professionals (e.g., Business Administration Associate, Finance
Administration)
▢ Clerical Support Workers (e.g., Billing Clerk, Office Clerk, Payroll Clerk, Law Clerk, Accounting
Clerk)
▢ Service and Sales Workers (e.g., Housekeeping, Catering, Security Services)
▢ Skilled Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery workers (e.g., Farmers, Fisherman, Gardener)
▢ Craft and related Trade workers (e.g., Mason, Plumber, Welder)
▢ Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers (e.g., Mining Plant Operator, Excavator Operator,
Railway Track Master)
▢ Elementary occupations (e.g., Street Sweeper, Vehicle Cleaners, Kitchen Helpers)
▢ Armed Forces occupations (e.g., Air Force Pilot, Army Linguist, Navy Nurse Corp)
▢ None, my father is unemployed.

37
 If none, please disregard this questionnaire.
11. Using the scale below, rate the extent of how the following factors impact your decision of
taking BS Accountancy in relation to your parents’ occupation.
Legends: 4 - Greatest Extent       3 - Somehow 2 - Very Little 1 -

Not at All

4 3 2 1

1 I witnessed my parent/s’ job satisfaction

2 I was influenced by my parent/s growing up

3 I can imagine my future self to my parent/s

4 I had a background knowledge about BS Accountancy because of my parent/s

5 I observed how their occupation improved their finances

6 I chose the degree because I can ask academic guidance from my parent/s

7 I felt confident in my program

8 I anticipated being in the same industry as my parent/s

9 I was impressed by their healthy working environment 

10 I can easily find a work in the future because of my parent/s’ connections

11 I felt discouraged to pursue this degree because of the pressure it may cause me. 

12 I wanted to challenge myself to pursue a different career from my parent/s.

13 I find my future uncertain in taking this program.

14 I find it difficult to ask questions to my parents as they might think it's just a
simple one.

15 I got anxious that I may not get the same level of achievements that my parent/s
have in their career. 

16 I was worried that I may not be able to broaden my knowledge in the industry
unlike what my parent/s have.

17 I didn't feel a connection with my parent/s’ occupation.

18 I recognized how my parent/s’ occupation stressful.

19 I followed my parent’s advice on taking a different career path from theirs

20 I was scared that I may not get through the same experiences that my parent/s
have gone through.

12. Using the scale below, rate the extent of agreement as regards the challenges you have
encountered while taking the accountancy program.

38
Legends: 4 - Greatest Extent       3 - Somehow 2 - Very Little 1 -

Not at All

Internal Difficulties 4 3 2 1

1 Lack of basic accounting knowledge 

2 Inability to comprehend accounting jargons

3 Having a short attention span

4 Inability to stay focused

5 Lack of motivation

6 Easily getting stressed

7 Lack of time management

8 Mental health problems

9 Lack of confidence

10 Inability to communicate with peers

External Difficulties 4 3 2 1

1 Having a loud learning environment (e.g. place near wet markets/construction

sites, etc.) 

2 Difficulty to meet the professor’s expectations

3 Difficulty of understanding accounting courses

4 Difficulty to communicate with peers

5 Weak support system from family members

6 Inability to manage time due to work-related matters

7 Lack of resources (e.g. gadgets, stable internet connection, etc.)

8 Acceptance of criticisms from professors due to lack of knowledge

9 Inability to catch up due to fast-paced teaching

10 Failure to absorb/recall previously acquired knowledge and skills

13.  Using the scale below, rate your extent in relation to different circumstances of the parents in
influencing the FEU-Manila Freshmen students in choosing BS Accountancy
Legends: 4 - Greatest Extent       3 - Somehow 2 - Very Little 1 -

Not at All

39
 Financial Stability 4 3 2 1

1 My parents pursued a high-paying career

2 My parents earned a salary higher than average

3 My parents can afford to buy high-priced goods

4 My parents developed good financial management

5 My parent/s pay bills on time

6 My parent/s has an adequate emergency funds

7 My parent/s net worth is growing year by year

8 My parent/s secured savings for my future

9 My parents have a stable job

10 My parent/s have a stable business

Life and Career Satisfaction 4 3 2 1

1 My parents are happy and contented in their current careers

2 My parents work and life balance is achieved

3 My parents have stable jobs - naulit to no

4 My parent/s physical and emotional well-being is in ideal condition

5 My parent/s has achieved their expectations in life

6 My parent/s has positive individual identity

7 My parent/s are subject to constant promotion

8 My parents are employed in a top position in the company.

9 My parent/s has received different forms of awards

10 My parent/s is working in a big company

Knowledge  4 3 2 1

1 My parent/s graduated with honors 

2 My parent/s has excellent ability in analyzation

3 My parent/s competent and detail-oriented

4 My parents have excellent academic performance and active in work

5 My parent/s passed the Certified Public Accountant Examination

40
 6 My parent/s have a good mathematical skill

7 My parent/s excels in accounting subjects

8 My parent/s has plenty of awareness in practical skills

9 My parent/s has commendable decision-making skills

10 My parent/s abundant scientific knowledge in their chosen career

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Yhiell

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