(1) About Gears

Shape of bevel gear .....

Spur Gear Helical
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Types of Gears

Spur Gear Helical Gear Rack

Bevel Gear Spiral Bevel Gear Screw Gear

Miter Gear Worm & Worm Wheel Internal Gear

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 Worm
Internal Gear

Worm Wheel Gear Coupling

Miter Gear

Involute Spline Shafts

Screw Gear & Bushings Helical Gear

Pawl Rack
Pinion Spur Gear

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Rachet

Involute Spline Shafts

& Bushings

Spiral Bevel Gear

Straight Bevel Gear

(1) About Gears
 (1) About Gears

There are three categories of gears in accordance with the orientation of axes.

1) Parallel Axes MSGA(B),SSG(S),SS,SSA,SSY,SSAY,

LS,SUS,SUSA,SUSL,DSL,NSU,PU,
Spur Gear PS,PSA,DS,BSS,SSCPG(S),SSCP,
SUSCP,SSR,KTSCP

Helical Gear KHG,SH

KRG(F),KRGD,SRGF,KRF,SR(F),
SRFD,SUR(F),SURFD,BSR,DR,
Rack PR(F),SRO,SROS,SURO,KRHG(F),
SRH,KRG(F)(D),SRCP(F)(D),KRCPF,
SURCPF(D),SRCP,FRCP

Internal Gear SI,SIR

2) Intersecting Axes MMSG,SMSG,MMSA(B),

Miter Gear MMS,SMS,SMA(B)(C),MM,LM,
SM,SAM,SUM,PM,DM

Straight Bevel Gear SB,CB,SBY,SUB,PB,DB

Spiral Bevel Gear MBSG,SBSG,MBSA(B),SBS,KSP

3) Nonparallel,
Nonintersecting Screw Gear AN,SN,PN,SUN
Axes

Worm KWGDL(S),KWG,SWG,SW,SUW

Worm Wheel AGDL,AGF,AG,PG,CG,BG

4) Others
Involute Spline Shaft
SV,SVI
& Bushing

Gear Coupling GC,GC-I

Pawl & Rachet SRT,SRT-C

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 (1) About Gears

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Characteristics of Each
Type of Gears

Spur Gear
Teeth are straight and parallel to shaft axis. Transmits power and motion
between rotating two parallel shafts.

Features
( 1 ) Easy to manufacture. ( 2 ) There will be no axial force.
( 3 ) Relatively easy to produce high quality gears. ( 4 ) The commonest type.
Applications
Transmission components

Helical Gear
Teeth are twisted oblique to the gear axis.
Left
Helix angle
Left

The hand of helix is designated

as either left or right.
Right

Right

Right hand and left hand helical gears mate as a set. But they have the
same helix angle.
Features
( 1 ) Has higher strength compared with spur gear.
( 2 ) Effective in reducing noise and vibration compared with spur gear.
( 3 ) Gears in mesh produce thrust forces in the axial directions.

Applications
Transmission components, automobile, speed reducers etc.

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(1) About Gears

Rack
The rack is a bar containing teeth on one face for meshing with a gear.
The basic rack form is the profile of the gear of infinite diameter.
Racks with machined ends can be joined together to make any desired
length.

Features
( 1 ) Changes a rotary motion into a rectilinear motion.
Applications
A transfer system for machine tools, printing press, robots, etc.

Internal Gear
An annular gear having teeth on the inner surface of its rim.
The internal gear always meshes with the external gear.

Features
( 1 ) In the meshing of two external gears, rotation goes in the opposite direction. In the
meshing of an internai gear with an external gear the rotation goes in the same direction.
( 2 ) Care should be taken to the number of teeth when meshing a large (internal) gear with
a small (external) gear, since three types of interference can occur.
( 3 ) Usually internal gear is driven by external (small) gear.
( 4 ) Allows compact design of the machine.
Applications
Planetary gear drive of high reduction ratios, clutches etc.

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 (1) About Gears

Bevel Gear
One of a pair of gears used to connect two shafts whose axes intersect, and
Apex
the pitch surfaces are cones.

Pitch cone
Teeth are cut along the pitch cone. Depending on tooth trace bevel gear is
classified:
1) Straight bevel gear
2) Spiral bevel gear

1 ) Straight Bevel Gear

A simple form of bevel gear having straight teeth which, if extended
inward, would come together at the intersetion of the shaft axes.

Features
( 1 ) Relatively easy to manufacture. ( 2 ) Provides reduction ratio up to approx. 1:5.
Applications
Machine tools, printing press, etc. Especially suitable for a differential gear unit.

2 ) Spiral Bevel Gear

Bevel gear with curved, oblique teeth to provide gradual engagement and
bring more teeth together at a given time than an equivalent straight bevel
gear.

Features
( 1 ) Has higher contact ratio, higher strength and durability than an equivalent straight
bevel gear.
( 2 ) Allows a higher reduction ratio.
( 3 ) Has better efficiency of transmission with reduced gear noise.
( 4 ) Involves some technical difficulties in manufacturing.
Applications
Automobile, tractor, vehicles, final reduction gearing for ships.

Miter Gears
A special class of bevel gear where the shafts intersect at 90° and the gear
ratio is 1:1.

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(1) About Gears

Screw Gear
A helical gear that transmit power from one shaft to another, non-parallel,
non-intersecting shafts.

Features
( 1 ) Used in a speed reducer and/or a multiplying gear.
( 2 ) Tends to wear as the gear come in sliding contact.
( 3 ) Not suitable for transmission of high horsepower.
Applications
Driving gear for automobile. Automatic machines that require intricate movement.

Worm Gear Pair

Worm Worm is a shank having at least one complete tooth (thread) around the
pitch surface; the driver of a worm wheel.
Worm wheel is a gear with teeth cut on an angle to be driven by a worm.
Center distance

Worm Wheel

Features
( 1 ) Provides large reduction ratios for a given center distance.
( 2 ) Quiet and smooth action.
( 3 ) A worm wheel is not feasible to drive a worm except for special occasions.

Applications
Speed reducers, anti-reversing gear device making the most of its self-locking features, machine tools,
indexing device, chain block, portable generator, etc.

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 (1) About Gears

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Gear Terminology

Facewidth
α Pressure angle
Tip
Re

cir
fer

cle
enc
ec
i
Bas ot circle

rcle
Ro
e ci
rcle

Tip
Reference pitch

dia
me
Re
fe

ter
re
nc
ed
iam
Ba ete
se r
dia
me
ter
Roo
t dia
mete
r

Center line
t
ntac

Pitch point
of co

Backlash
p ath
h of
Lengt

Interference point

Tooth thickness
Dedendum
Center distance

Tooth depth
Addendum

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